Slope surface horizontal displacement monitoring method based on fiber strain

Abstract

The application discloses a slope surface horizontal displacement monitoring method based on optical fiber strain, which can be widely applied to the technical field of geotechnical engineering safety monitoring. After a plurality of anchor points are arranged on a to-be-monitored slope in a horizontal direction to form a reference measuring line, a second fixing component is connected with the anchor points, so that a plurality of optical fiber fixing rod assemblies are fixed on the reference measuring line, adjacent optical fiber fixing rod assemblies on the reference measuring line are connected through universal connecting components, a plurality of fixing rods and a plurality of optical fiber groups are arranged in each optical fiber fixing rod assembly, the optical fibers of the optical fiber groups are arranged on the fixing rods, and the optical fibers between adjacent optical fiber groups are connected through elliptical rotating shafts, so that the sensitivity and the accuracy of the optical fibers in the process of micro-deformation monitoring can be effectively improved; then, real-time displacement and real-time displacement direction in the to-be-monitored slope are analyzed through optical fiber deformation reference data and real-time optical fiber deformation, and slope displacement direction data can be effectively acquired, and the accuracy of the displacement data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, monitoring slope displacement using fiber optic sensing technology involves fixing optical fibers to the slope surface, creating synchronous deformation between the fiber and the slope's soil and rock mass, thereby identifying the magnitude, direction, and location of the slope deformation. However, slope surface deformation is a three-dimensional spatial vector, and safety monitoring requires understanding the spatial characteristics of slope deformation. However, since optical fibers can only measure tensile deformation, simply deploying them on the slope surface cannot identify the directional characteristics of the deformation. Furthermore, due to the fundamental difference in thermal expansion characteristics between optical fiber materials and soil and rock mass, asynchronous expansion or contraction of materials during temperature changes can generate false deformation signals, causing the measured values ​​to deviate from the true displacement of the soil.

[0003] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to propose a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain, which can effectively acquire slope displacement direction data and improve the accuracy of displacement data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surfaces based on fiber optic strain, the method comprising the following steps: Obtain information on the soil and rock structure and lithological characteristics of the slope to be monitored; Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, several anchor points are set up in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored to form a benchmark survey line; The second fixing component is connected to the anchor point to fix several fiber optic fixing rod assemblies on the reference measurement line; wherein, adjacent fiber optic fixing rod assemblies are connected by a universal connector, each fiber optic fixing rod assembly is provided with several fixing rods and several fiber optic groups, the fiber optics of the fiber optic groups are disposed on the fixing rods, and the fiber optics between adjacent fiber optic groups are connected by an elliptical rotating shaft; Obtain fiber deformation reference data; Obtain the real-time fiber deformation of multiple optical fibers on the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored; The surface horizontal displacement data of the slope to be monitored is analyzed based on the optical fiber deformation reference data and the real-time optical fiber deformation data. The surface horizontal displacement data includes the real-time displacement amount and the real-time displacement direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the step of arranging anchor points in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics information includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be a rock slope, and reinforcing bars are laid in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points. Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be a soil slope, and wooden piles are laid in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points.

[0007] In some embodiments, determining that the slope to be monitored is a rock slope based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics information, and arranging reinforcing bars in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points, includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, it was determined that the slope to be monitored was hard rock. After drilling holes in the surface of the slope to be monitored using an impact drill, anchoring adhesive was injected, and then reinforcing bars were driven in as anchoring points. Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be broken rock. After drilling holes in the surface of the slope to be monitored, resin fixative is injected, and then reinforcing bars are driven in as anchor points.

[0008] In some embodiments, determining that the slope to be monitored is a soil slope based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics information, and setting wooden piles in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points, includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be loose sandy soil. A sand consolidation agent is sprayed on the surface of the loose sandy soil to consolidate it. Then, a hole is drilled in the surface of the consolidated sandy soil and a thick layer of anchoring adhesive is injected. Hardwood piles are then inserted to form a triangular stable structure with 45° inclined buckle anchors as the anchoring point.

[0009] In some embodiments, the connection of the second fixing component to the anchor point to fix a plurality of fiber optic fixing rod groups on the reference survey line includes: Several fiber optic fixing rods are fixed to the reference survey line by connecting them to the anchor point using U-shaped clamps.

[0010] In some embodiments, the reference survey line includes an S-shaped survey line.

[0011] In some embodiments, the spacing between the fiber optic fixing rod assemblies corresponding to two adjacent horizontal lines in the S-shaped survey line is less than or equal to 1m.

[0012] In some embodiments, the elliptical surface of the elliptical axis of rotation is parallel to the horizontal plane of the slope to be monitored.

[0013] In some embodiments, obtaining the fiber deformation reference data includes: Obtain the equation of the ellipse along the axis of rotation and the equation of the tangent line of the optical fiber along the axis of rotation; Calculate the coordinates of the tangent point where the optical fiber connects to the axis of rotation of the ellipse based on the ellipse equation and the tangent equation. Obtain several preset rotation angles; The coordinates of the endpoint of the fixed rod after rotating by the preset rotation angle are calculated based on the preset rotation angle and the length of the fixed rod. Based on the tangent point coordinates, all the endpoint coordinates, and the preset rotation angle, the fiber optic change reference quantity is calculated using the distance formula and the arc length formula. The optical fiber deformation reference data is composed of the optical fiber variation reference value and the preset rotation angle.

[0014] In some embodiments, obtaining the real-time fiber deformation of multiple optical fibers on the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored includes: Obtain the first deformation of the fiber optic cable on the tension side of the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored; Obtain the temperature-induced deformation of the optical fiber on the relaxed side of the baseline in the slope to be monitored; The real-time fiber deformation of each fiber group is calculated based on the first deformation and the temperature-affected deformation.

[0015] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain. This method establishes a baseline by setting up several anchor points in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored according to the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics. Then, a second fixing component connects to the anchor points to fix several fiber optic fixing rod assemblies on the baseline. Adjacent fiber optic fixing rod assemblies on the baseline are connected by a universal connector. Each fiber optic fixing rod assembly contains several fixing rods and several fiber groups. The fibers of the fiber groups are mounted on the fixing rods, and the fibers between adjacent fiber groups are connected by an elliptical shaft. This effectively improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the fiber optics in monitoring minute deformations. Then, by acquiring fiber optic deformation reference data and the real-time fiber optic deformation of multiple fibers on the baseline in the slope to be monitored, the surface horizontal displacement data of the slope to be monitored, including real-time displacement amount and real-time displacement direction, is analyzed based on the fiber optic deformation reference data and real-time fiber optic deformation. This effectively obtains slope displacement direction data and improves the accuracy of the displacement data. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the slope surface horizontal displacement monitoring method based on fiber strain provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buckle anchor provided in the embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the slope to be monitored provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the universal joint component provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of optical fiber deformation reference data calculation based on an elliptical rotation axis provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of displacement change provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0018] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0019] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0021] In related technologies, monitoring slope displacement using fiber optic sensing technology involves fixing optical fibers to the slope surface, creating synchronous deformation between the fiber and the slope's soil and rock mass, thereby identifying the magnitude, direction, and location of the slope deformation. However, slope surface deformation is a three-dimensional spatial vector, and safety monitoring requires understanding the spatial characteristics of slope deformation. However, since optical fibers can only measure tensile deformation, simply deploying them on the slope surface cannot identify the directional characteristics of the deformation. Furthermore, due to the fundamental difference in thermal expansion characteristics between optical fiber materials and soil and rock mass, asynchronous expansion or contraction of materials during temperature changes can generate false deformation signals, causing the measured values ​​to deviate from the true displacement of the soil.

[0022] In view of this, this application provides a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain, which can effectively acquire slope displacement direction data and improve the accuracy of displacement data.

[0023] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Reference Figure 1 This application provides a method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain. The method includes the following steps: Step S110: Obtain information on the soil and rock structure and lithological characteristics of the slope to be monitored; Step S120: Based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics, several anchor points are set up in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored to form a benchmark survey line; Step S130: Connect the second fixing component to the anchor point to fix several fiber optic fixing rod assemblies on the reference measurement line; wherein, adjacent fiber optic fixing rod assemblies are connected by universal connectors, each fiber optic fixing rod assembly is provided with several fixing rods and several fiber optic groups, the fiber optics of the fiber optic groups are set on the fixing rods, and the fiber optics between adjacent fiber optic groups are connected by elliptical rotating shafts. Step S140: Obtain fiber deformation reference data; Step S150: Obtain the real-time fiber deformation of multiple optical fibers on the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored; Step S160: Analyze the surface horizontal displacement data of the slope to be monitored based on the fiber optic deformation reference data and the real-time fiber optic deformation data. The surface horizontal displacement data includes the real-time displacement amount and the real-time displacement direction.

[0024] Understandably, this embodiment forms anchoring points by drilling holes in the surface of the slope to be monitored, injecting anchoring adhesive into the holes, and pre-embedding anchor columns. Rigid connectors then lock the anchor columns to the ground surface fixing points, ensuring that the fiber optic fixing rod assembly deforms synchronously with the soil and rock mass. This embodiment enhances the coupling between the optical fiber and the soil and rock mass, eliminating measurement deviations caused by differences in the medium, and achieving dynamic matching between fiber optic positioning and the actual deformation trajectory of the slope.

[0025] Specifically, the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics can be determined through on-site investigation. Based on the hardness of the rock and soil mass, the slope to be monitored can be divided into three categories: hard rock, soft sand, and fractured rock. Therefore, in this embodiment, based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored can be determined to be a rock slope, and reinforcing bars can be installed horizontally as anchor points. Alternatively, if the slope is determined to be a soil slope, wooden piles can be installed horizontally as anchor points. Since rock slopes include both hard rock and fractured rock, in this embodiment, when setting anchor points for rock slopes, if the slope is determined to be hard rock, holes can be drilled on the surface of the slope using an impact drill, rebar adhesive can be injected, and then reinforcing bars can be driven in as anchor points. If the slope is determined to be fractured rock, holes can be drilled on the surface of the slope, resin fixative can be injected, and then reinforcing bars can be driven in as anchor points. In this embodiment, the L-shaped fixing frame is rigidly connected to the rock wall by anchor nails, allowing the fiber optic fixing rod to be secured with high-strength rivets.

[0026] For soil slopes, this embodiment determines that the slope to be monitored is loose sandy soil based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics. A sand-consolidating agent is sprayed onto the surface of the loose sandy soil to consolidate it. Then, a hole is drilled in the consolidated sandy soil surface, and a thick layer of anchoring adhesive is injected. Finally, hardwood piles are inserted to bond the soil. Figure 2 The 45° angled buckle anchors shown form a triangular stable structure as anchor points.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, after setting the anchor points, the coupling can be connected to the anchor points using U-clamps to fix several fiber optic fixing rod assemblies to the baseline survey line. This embodiment uses rigid anchoring and high-precision coupling, employing inserts (for rock) or buckled anchors (for soil) for rigid connection to the rock and soil mass, and locking the fiber optic fixing rod assemblies with U-clamps to achieve synchronous deformation of the fiber optics and the rock and soil mass. The fixing rods in the fiber optic fixing rod assembly can be made of PVC rods, thereby effectively reducing monitoring costs.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the benchmark survey line on the slope to be monitored in this embodiment can be an S-shaped survey line. Specifically, this embodiment forms a continuous S-shaped survey line by arranging S-shaped benchmark lines and setting anchor points along the horizontal direction of the slope (using L-shaped frames in rock areas and wooden piles + anchor nails in soil areas), thereby adapting to slope undulations. And utilizing, as shown in... Figure 4In areas with slope changes greater than 15°, the universal joint component shown connects to the fiber optic fixing pole assembly, ensuring a gap of ≤3mm between the pole and the slope. This embodiment allows for changes in the survey line direction under rigid connection conditions without losing the cumulative displacement information along the survey line. Simultaneously, this embodiment uses a laser positioning device to correct survey line deviations (tolerance ±5cm), ensuring an error of <2% between adjacent survey lines. The reference value is automatically recalibrated every 8 hours, thus eliminating long-term effects.

[0029] It is understandable that the spacing between the fiber optic fixing pole assemblies corresponding to two adjacent horizontal lines in an S-shaped survey line is less than or equal to 1m. Furthermore, the S-shaped survey line network can be adaptively laid out. Fiber optic fixing pole assemblies can be arranged in an S-shape with 1m spacing along the horizontal direction of the slope, combined with universal connectors (allowing ±10° deflection) to adapt to slope deformation, thereby increasing the survey line density of a single-level slope to 3-5 lines / m² (existing methods ≤ 1 line / m²).

[0030] It is understood that in this embodiment, a fiber optic fixing rod assembly is formed by connecting a rigid fixing rod containing fiber optic components via an elliptical rotating shaft. The elliptical surface of the rotating shaft is set parallel to the horizontal plane of the slope to be monitored, thus providing a stable support structure for the fiber optics, enabling them to operate normally in complex slope environments. The rotatable connection design can adapt to different slope shapes and deformation conditions. In this embodiment, by rigidly connecting the fiber optic fixing rod assembly to slope reinforcement bars or snap nails with buckles using U-shaped clamps, the coupling with the soil and rock mass is enhanced, allowing the fiber optic fixing rod assembly to be rigidly connected to the soil and rock mass to sense soil and rock deformation in real time and transmit it to the fiber optics.

[0031] It is understood that after setting up the fiber optic fixing rod assembly as described above in this embodiment, experiments are conducted using several preset rotation angles to obtain fiber optic deformation reference data composed of fiber optic change reference values ​​and preset rotation angles. Specifically, this embodiment obtains the elliptical equation of the elliptical axis of rotation and the tangent equation of the fiber on the elliptical axis of rotation. Then, based on the elliptical equation and the tangent equation, the coordinates of the tangent point connecting the fiber to the elliptical axis of rotation are calculated. The coordinates of the endpoints of the fixing rod after rotating by the preset rotation angle are calculated based on the preset rotation angle and the length of the fixing rod. Finally, based on the tangent point coordinates, all endpoint coordinates, and the preset rotation angle, the fiber optic change reference value is calculated using the distance formula and the arc length formula. The fiber optic change reference value and the preset rotation angle are then combined to form the fiber optic deformation reference data.

[0032] For example, with Figure 5Taking the deformation displacement calculation diagram shown as an example, given the parabolic equation F(x,y)=0, the fixed rod of the optical fiber coincides with the x-axis and rotates downwards along the y-axis. During the rotation, the optical fiber can be regarded as a tangent to the parabolic equation, and the increase in fiber length is calculated through the intersection of the tangent and the parabola. Calculations show that, under small deformations, the elliptical axis design more effectively amplifies the impact of small deformations on fiber elongation than the traditional circular axis design. By simultaneously solving the tangent equation and the ellipse equation, the coordinates of the tangent point A (x0, y0) can be obtained. Since point B is on the tangent, with the rod length R remaining constant, the coordinates of point B can be calculated after rotating by a preset rotation angle θ. After obtaining the coordinates of points A and B, the fiber elongation is calculated using the distance formula and the arc length formula. The distance formula refers to the coordinate distance between two points, and the arc length formula refers to the integral formula for the arc length of an ellipse.

[0033] It is understandable that after displacement occurs, i.e., after the fixed rod rotates by a preset angle, the optical fiber may overlap with the arc of an ellipse near the tangent point. Therefore, the length of this overlapping arc needs to be calculated using the arc length formula. Calculations in this embodiment show that, at the same rotation angle, the system using an elliptical axis design improves measurement accuracy by 23% to 66%, thus significantly enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of the fiber optic sensor in monitoring minute deformations. Therefore, this embodiment, by changing the central axis design to an elliptical axis design, can effectively expand the measurement range of small-angle rotations, thereby improving the sensitivity of the rotation displacement conversion mechanism, making it more sensitive to minute deformations, and thus improving overall performance and accuracy, especially demonstrating superior performance in monitoring minute deformations.

[0034] It is understood that, in this embodiment, after the fiber optic fixing rod assembly is installed in the slope to be monitored based on the above-described method, as follows: Figure 6 As shown, by acquiring the first deformation of the fiber optic cable on the tension side of the benchmark line in the slope to be monitored, and the temperature-induced deformation of the fiber optic cable on the relaxation side of the benchmark line, the first deformation and the temperature-induced deformation are input into a fiber optic grating demodulator to calculate the real-time fiber deformation of each fiber group based on the first deformation and the temperature-induced deformation. In other words, by subtracting the first deformation and the temperature-induced deformation, the displacement change of the slope to be monitored can be obtained.

[0035] It is understandable that after obtaining the corresponding fiber deformation reference data through the experiment, this embodiment compares the real-time fiber deformation data obtained in real time with the fiber deformation reference data one by one to obtain the real-time displacement direction corresponding to the real-time fiber deformation, and then obtains the displacement direction of the slope to be monitored.

[0036] As described above, this embodiment uses an elliptical rotating shaft-connected fiber optic fixing rod assembly to convert the horizontal displacement of the slope into the rotation angle of the connecting shaft between the rods. By measuring the change in rotation angle in a fixed direction using optical fiber, displacement direction information can be identified. Simultaneously, the built-in fiber optic sensor on the elliptical rotating shaft can monitor the change in rotation angle in real time, overcoming the limitation of traditional optical fibers in determining the displacement direction and ensuring a precise correspondence between the deformation direction and the fiber optic strain data.

[0037] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0039] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0041] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0042] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0043] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0044] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring horizontal displacement of slope surface based on fiber optic strain, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Obtain information on the soil and rock structure and lithological characteristics of the slope to be monitored; Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, several anchor points are set up in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored to form a benchmark survey line; The second fixing component is connected to the anchor point to fix several fiber optic fixing rod assemblies on the reference measurement line; wherein, adjacent fiber optic fixing rod assemblies are connected by a universal connector, each fiber optic fixing rod assembly is provided with several fixing rods and several fiber optic groups, the fiber optics of the fiber optic groups are disposed on the fixing rods, and the fiber optics between adjacent fiber optic groups are connected by an elliptical rotating shaft; Obtain fiber deformation reference data; Obtain the real-time fiber deformation of multiple optical fibers on the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored; The surface horizontal displacement data of the slope to be monitored is analyzed based on the optical fiber deformation reference data and the real-time optical fiber deformation data. The surface horizontal displacement data includes the real-time displacement amount and the real-time displacement direction. The acquisition of fiber deformation reference data includes: Obtain the equation of the ellipse along the axis of rotation and the equation of the tangent line of the optical fiber along the axis of rotation; Calculate the coordinates of the tangent point where the optical fiber connects to the axis of rotation of the ellipse based on the ellipse equation and the tangent equation. Obtain several preset rotation angles; The coordinates of the endpoint of the fixed rod after rotating by the preset rotation angle are calculated based on the preset rotation angle and the length of the fixed rod. Based on the tangent point coordinates, all the endpoint coordinates, and the preset rotation angle, the fiber optic change reference quantity is calculated using the distance formula and the arc length formula. The optical fiber deformation reference data is composed of the optical fiber variation reference value and the preset rotation angle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of setting up anchor points in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be a rock slope, and reinforcing bars are laid in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points. Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be a soil slope, and wooden piles are laid in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining that the slope to be monitored is a rock slope based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics information, and then arranging reinforcing bars in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points, includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, it was determined that the slope to be monitored was hard rock. After drilling holes in the surface of the slope to be monitored using an impact drill, anchoring adhesive was injected, and then reinforcing bars were driven in as anchoring points. Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be broken rock. After drilling holes in the surface of the slope to be monitored, resin fixative is injected, and then reinforcing bars are driven in as anchor points.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining that the slope to be monitored is a soil slope based on the rock and soil layer structure and lithological characteristics information, and setting wooden piles in the horizontal direction of the slope to be monitored as anchor points, includes: Based on the information on the rock and soil structure and lithological characteristics, the slope to be monitored is determined to be loose sandy soil. A sand consolidation agent is sprayed on the surface of the loose sandy soil to consolidate it. Then, a hole is drilled in the surface of the consolidated sandy soil and a thick layer of anchoring adhesive is injected. Hardwood piles are then inserted to form a triangular stable structure with 45° inclined buckle anchors as the anchoring point.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of connecting the second fixing component to the anchor point to fix several fiber optic fixing rod groups on the reference survey line includes: Several fiber optic fixing rods are fixed to the reference survey line by connecting them to the anchor point using U-shaped clamps.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The reference survey line includes an S-shaped survey line.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the S-shaped survey line, the distance between the fiber optic fixing pole assemblies corresponding to two adjacent horizontal lines is less than or equal to 1m.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elliptical surface of the elliptical axis of rotation is parallel to the horizontal plane of the slope to be monitored.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the real-time fiber deformation of multiple optical fibers on the baseline in the slope to be monitored includes: Obtain the first deformation of the fiber optic cable on the tension side of the benchmark survey line in the slope to be monitored; Obtain the temperature-induced deformation of the optical fiber on the relaxed side of the baseline in the slope to be monitored; The real-time fiber deformation of each fiber group is calculated based on the first deformation and the temperature-affected deformation.

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