A system and method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of structural profile mapping, and discloses an improved system and method for geological structural profile mapping based on seismic interpretation data constraints. The method includes: preparing a geological planar base map and seismic structural interpretation maps; analyzing the positional relationship between the structural profile and surrounding seismic survey lines; extracting seismic data constraint information according to the intersection angle of the structural profile and the seismic survey lines: for seismic survey lines with small angles of oblique or parallel intersection, extracting the number, nature, and combination relationships of faults; for seismic survey lines with large angles of oblique intersection, extracting the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection points by generating virtual wells; and finally, using the constraint information to correct the fault combinations and stratigraphic distribution of the structural profile map in MapGIS software. This invention effectively integrates deep seismic information and surface geological data by differentially utilizing seismic data, significantly improving the predicted depth, accuracy, and applicability of structural profile maps, especially serving the understanding of deep geological structures and three-dimensional geological modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological structural profile drawing, and more particularly to an improved system and method for geological structural profile drawing based on seismic interpretation data constraints. Background Technology

[0002] Geological structural profiles are widely used in structural geological surveys and in the MapGIS 3D modeling platform. They are primarily based on information such as the dip direction, dip angle, stratigraphic boundaries, and fault type and dip angle of surface strata to depict the structural morphology of the subsurface. This serves to help geologists gain a detailed understanding of underground structures. However, because traditional methods rely on surface structural information, the drawing depth is typically within 1500 meters below the surface. Since structural features differ at different depths, the spatial relationships of structures in traditional geological structural profiles are not clearly defined. Therefore, the applicability and reliability of traditional geological structural profiles are relatively weak.

[0003] Seismic data typically offers advantages in identifying deeper geological structures, often reaching depths of up to 8 kilometers, and its spatial composition of structures is relatively well-defined. Integrating seismic interpretation data into traditional geological structural profile mapping would significantly increase the applicability of structural profiles and the accuracy of geological predictions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved system and method for geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, addressing the current technical problem that existing technologies cannot integrate seismic interpretation data into the drawing of geological structural profiles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints includes the following steps: S1. Prepare geological plan map and seismic tectonic interpretation profile and plan map as the basic data for drawing structural profiles; S2. Perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points; S3. Analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic survey lines to identify seismic survey lines that can provide data constraints; S4. Based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line, extract the seismic data constraint information by category, including: for seismic survey lines that intersect or are parallel at small angles, extract the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines that intersect at large angles, extract the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection point. S5. Using the extracted seismic data constraint information, correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution in the structural profile in MapGIS software. S6. Based on the revised structural profile, output the final geological structural profile result map.

[0006] A system for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire geological plan maps and seismic tectonic interpretation profiles and plans; The structural analysis module is used to perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points. The seismic line analysis module is used to analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic lines, and to identify seismic lines that can provide data constraints. The data extraction module is used to classify and extract seismic data constraint information based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line. This includes: for seismic survey lines with small angles of intersection or parallelism, extracting the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines with large angles of intersection, extracting the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection points. The profile correction module is used to correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution of structural profile maps in MapGIS software by utilizing the extracted seismic data constraint information. The output module is used to generate and output the final geological structural profile based on the corrected structural profile.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A relatively complete and systematic analysis of seismic data provides constraints for structural profile drawing. By classifying the intersection angles of seismic survey lines and structural profile planes, it provides data on the number of faults, basic characteristics, and layer depths. This has positive implications for improving the predictive accuracy and wider applicability of traditional structural profiles, serving the understanding of deep structures and 3D modeling based on structural profiles. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a simplified flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the location analysis of the ESL4 structural profile and surrounding geological survey lines; Figure 3 It is the guiding role of parallel (small angle oblique) seismic survey lines (hgp2012-3) in the structural characteristics of ESL4; Figure 4 This shows the distribution of intersection points between ESL4 and high-angle oblique seismic survey lines; Figure 5 It is a virtual well generated using the planar position of the intersection point; Figure 6 This is the first part of obtaining formation depth data; Figure 7 This is the second part of the acquired stratigraphic depth data; Figure 8 It is a method to represent the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection point in the ESL4 structural profile; Figure 9 ① is the ESL4 structural profile drawn under the dual constraints of structural model and stratigraphic depth correction; ② is the result after the area was created. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] Before formally describing the present invention, a general description of the solution of the present invention will be given first to facilitate understanding.

[0011] Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare geological plan map and seismic tectonic interpretation profile and plan map as the basic data for drawing structural profiles; S2. Perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points; S3. Analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic survey lines to identify seismic survey lines that can provide data constraints; S4. Based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line, extract the seismic data constraint information by category, including: for seismic survey lines that intersect or are parallel at small angles, extract the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines that intersect at large angles, extract the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection point. S5. Using the extracted seismic data constraint information, correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution in the structural profile in MapGIS software. S6. Based on the revised structural profile, output the final geological structural profile result map.

[0012] It should be noted that in step S1, the geological plan base map includes geological maps of different scales; the seismic tectonic interpretation plan map includes key stratigraphic tectonic plan maps based on two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic interpretation.

[0013] It should be noted that in step S4, the small-angle oblique or parallel seismic survey lines have an angle of less than 30 degrees with the structural profile; the large-angle oblique seismic survey lines have an angle of more than 60 degrees with the structural profile.

[0014] It should be noted that the method for extracting the stratum depth data at the intersection point in step S4 is as follows: The Petrel software was used to obtain the planar location data of the intersection points of seismic survey lines and structural profiles; The virtual well is generated by using the plane position of the intersection point as the wellhead coordinates of the virtual well. In Petrel software, depth data of each seismic interpretation layer at the intersection point is obtained through virtual wells.

[0015] It should be noted that the depth data extraction steps for virtual wells include: Select the "Generate Well Report" function in the virtual well settings; Seismic interpretation stratigraphic plane map was selected as the data source. Obtain the depth data of the intersection points between the virtual well and each seismic horizon in the report window.

[0016] It should be noted that the specific steps for correcting the structural cross-section in step S5 include: Based on the fault information provided by earthquake data, the spatial combination relationship of faults is drawn in MapGIS software; Based on the stratigraphic depth data provided by the virtual well, the spatial distribution of stratigraphic boundaries is marked. By combining surface structural points with seismic data constraints, a comprehensive correction of the structural profile is achieved.

[0017] It should be noted that the method also includes: during the structural profile correction process, using CorelDRAW software to overlay surface geological maps and original seismic profiles to assist in fault identification and interpretation.

[0018] Example 1 The structural profile improvement method based on seismic interpretation data constraints in this invention includes the following steps: Geological base map and seismic tectonic interpretation plan. The former refers to geological maps including different scales; the latter refers to planar structural maps of key strata based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic interpretations.

[0019] Fault data and basic characteristic constraints refer to the interpretation of seismic survey lines from parallel or small-angle oblique structural profiles. Within the structural profile area, the number of faults, their nature (normal and reverse), and their combination relationships are identified, and the characteristics and patterns of fault development near the structural profile are summarized.

[0020] Stratigraphic depth data constraints refer to utilizing stratigraphic depth data provided by seismic lines intersecting at large angles. Petrel software is used to obtain the planar location data of the intersection points between the seismic lines and the structural profile. Based on the planar locations of these intersection points, wellhead coordinates are generated to create a virtual well. The depth data of the intersecting stratigraphic layers is then obtained using this virtual well. In Petrel software, in the well's settings tab, the "make well report" option is checked in the "report" module, and a seismic interpretation stratigraphic plan view is selected. Finally, the depth data of the virtual well at different stratigraphic intersection points are obtained in the report window.

[0021] Fault characteristics and stratigraphic depths are used in structural profile correction. In MapGIS software, fault outcrop locations are used, and the number and basic characteristics of faults are provided based on seismic interpretation to draw spatial combinations of faults. Additionally, the profile locations and depths of virtual wells at intersection points are marked to further correct the spatial distribution of stratigraphic boundaries. Finally, under the constraints of these two sets of seismic data, the geological structural profile correction is completed.

[0022] Example 2 A major breakthrough has been achieved in the exploration of Permian shale gas in the Huaguoping area of ​​Enshi, western Hubei Province. The Dalong Formation of the Enye 2 well in the area has reached the high gas content standard. This area is a key area for shale gas breakthroughs in Hubei Province and has great development potential.

[0023] To further advance the mining rights transfer process, it is essential to conduct precise resource calculations using 3D models. However, the original 2D seismic data for the work area is relatively sparse, necessitating the integration of structural profiles from surface tectonic data to further refine the 3D modeling. Traditional structural profiles offer shallow prediction depths and fail to clearly define the spatial combinations of faults; therefore, corrections based on regional 2D seismic data are required to create more accurate structural profiles.

[0024] This invention uses the ESL4 structural profile as an example to specifically illustrate a structural profile correction method based on seismic approximations. Regional tectonic understanding suggests that the overall structure exhibits NE-SW trending folds. The hgp2012-4 and hgp2012-3 seismic survey lines are perpendicular to the structural trend, but the distance between these two lines reaches 15 km. Therefore, it is necessary to densely arrange ESL4 geological structural profiles that are approximately parallel to these two seismic survey lines in the intermediate areas. Furthermore, the ESL4 geological structural profile intersects with lc2012-4, hgp2017-4, hgp2012-5, and hgp2017-5 at points that are nearly perpendicular to them. Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

[0025] ESL4 structural profile correction based on seismic data constraints includes the following steps: Obtain seismic profiles and stratigraphic plans: 16 seismic lines are used for seismic data constraints. Figure 2 Each seismic line interprets the upper boundary (P2) of the Permian, the lower boundary (P1) of the Permian, the boundary (O3) of the Silurian, the boundary (O1) of the Ordovician, the boundary (E2) of the Upper Cambrian, the boundary (E1) of the Lower Cambrian, and the boundary (Z1) of the Sinian System, as well as fault combinations. Additionally, structural plans for these seven stratigraphic levels are generated from the interpretation data of these 16 seismic lines. This series of data was generated using Petrel software or imported from other seismic interpretation software.

[0026] Seismic data constraints for parallel or slightly oblique structural profiles. The hgp2012-3 seismic line is nearly parallel to the ESL4 structural surface, with a spacing of approximately 7.8 km. This seismic line covers an area exceeding ESL4 and can provide good information on the number of faults, fault characteristics, and their combinations within the ESL4 structural profile. (On CorelDRAW software...) Figure 3 The HGP2012-3 seismic profile was interpreted by overlaying surface geological maps and original seismic profiles. Within the ESL4 plane, four first-order structural faults (F1, F2, F3-1, and F4) were identified. F3-2 and F3-4 are second-order faults of F3-1, and F3-3 is a secondary fault of F3-2. These fault characteristics and their combinations provide fault model constraints for the drawing of the ESL4 structural profile.

[0027] Seismic data constraints for large-angle oblique structural profiles. The ESL4 structural profile intersects with lc2012-4, hgp2017-4, hgp2012-5, and hgp2017-5 at nearly perpendicular angles. Planar location data of the intersection points between the seismic survey lines and the structural profiles were obtained using Petrel software. Based on the planar locations of these intersection points, four virtual wells were generated. Figure 4 The wells were named ESL4-LC2012-4, ESL4-HGP2017-4, ESL4-HGP2012-5, and ESL4-HGP2017-5, respectively. In the "Report" module of the "Settings" tab for each of the four wells, "Make Well Report" was checked, and the seismic interpretation stratigraphic plans for P2, P1, O3, O1, E1, and Z were selected. Figure 5 Finally, the depth data of these virtual wells at different stratigraphic intersections are obtained in the report window. Figures 6-7 The depth data from these virtual well locations can further constrain the planar distribution of the formation lines in the ESL4 profile.

[0028] Seismic data-constrained ESL4 profile mapping: Using the structural features and combinations provided by the hgp2012-3 seismic survey line, and depth data from seven layers obtained from the intersections with lc2012-4, Hgp2017-4, hgp2012-5, and hgp2017-5, the ESL4 structural profile was mapped on the MapGIS platform. Combining surface tectonic boundary points and the seismic data-constrained structural model, the number and combinations of faults in the ESL4 profile were plotted. The relevant features are basically similar to the fault model provided by the seismic data. Figure 9 ①); while the different stratigraphic depths of the virtual wells at the four intersection points directly control the planar distribution of the corresponding stratigraphic boundaries as hard data ( ). Figure 8 and Figure 9 ①). The final ESL4 structural profile diagram of the constructed area was drawn. Figure 9 (② in the middle).

[0029] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0030] A system for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire geological plan maps and seismic tectonic interpretation profiles and plans; The structural analysis module is used to perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points. The seismic line analysis module is used to analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic lines, and to identify seismic lines that can provide data constraints. The data extraction module is used to classify and extract seismic data constraint information based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line. This includes: for seismic survey lines with small angles of intersection or parallelism, extracting the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines with large angles of intersection, extracting the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection points. The profile correction module is used to correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution of structural profile maps in MapGIS software by utilizing the extracted seismic data constraint information. The output module is used to generate and output the final geological structural profile based on the corrected structural profile.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare geological plan map and seismic tectonic interpretation profile and plan map as the basic data for drawing structural profiles; S2. Perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points; S3. Analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic survey lines to identify seismic survey lines that can provide data constraints; S4. Based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line, extract the seismic data constraint information by category, including: for seismic survey lines that intersect or are parallel at small angles, extract the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines that intersect at large angles, extract the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection point. S5. Using the extracted seismic data constraint information, correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution in the structural profile in MapGIS software. S6. Based on the revised structural profile, output the final geological structural profile result map.

2. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the geological plan base map includes geological maps at different scales; the seismic tectonic interpretation plan map includes key stratigraphic tectonic plan maps based on two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic interpretation.

3. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the small-angle oblique or parallel seismic survey lines have an angle of less than 30 degrees with the structural profile; the large-angle oblique seismic survey lines have an angle of greater than 60 degrees with the structural profile.

4. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the method for extracting the stratum depth data at the intersection point is as follows: The Petrel software was used to obtain the planar location data of the intersection points of seismic survey lines and structural profiles; The virtual well is generated by using the plane position of the intersection point as the wellhead coordinates of the virtual well. In Petrel software, depth data of each seismic interpretation layer at the intersection point is obtained through virtual wells.

5. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps for extracting depth data from a virtual well include: Select the "Generate Well Report" function in the virtual well settings; Seismic interpretation stratigraphic plane map was selected as the data source. Obtain the depth data of the intersection points between the virtual well and each seismic horizon in the report window.

6. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for revising the structural profile in step S5 include: Based on the fault information provided by earthquake data, the spatial combination relationship of faults is drawn in MapGIS software; Based on the stratigraphic depth data provided by the virtual well, the spatial distribution of stratigraphic boundaries is marked. By combining surface structural points with seismic data constraints, a comprehensive correction of the structural profile is achieved.

7. The method for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes: during the structural profile correction process, using CorelDRAW software to overlay surface geological maps and original seismic profiles to assist in fault identification and interpretation.

8. A system for improving geological structural profile maps based on seismic interpretation data constraints, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire geological plan maps and seismic tectonic interpretation profiles and plans; The structural analysis module is used to perform structural profile analysis on the geological plan base map to determine the boundaries of surface strata and the location of structural points. The seismic line analysis module is used to analyze the planar positional relationship between the structural profile and the surrounding seismic lines, and to identify seismic lines that can provide data constraints. The data extraction module is used to classify and extract seismic data constraint information based on the intersection angle between the structural profile and the seismic survey line. This includes: for seismic survey lines with small angles of intersection or parallelism, extracting the number of faults, fault properties, and combination relationships; for seismic survey lines with large angles of intersection, extracting the stratigraphic depth data at the intersection points. The profile correction module is used to correct the fault spatial combination and stratigraphic distribution of structural profile maps in MapGIS software by utilizing the extracted seismic data constraint information. The output module is used to generate and output the final geological structural profile based on the corrected structural profile.

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