Satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal and phased array antenna whole machine

Abstract

The application discloses a satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal and a phased array antenna complete machine, the phased array antenna complete machine comprising: a receiving antenna array surface, a transmitting antenna array surface; and a receiving antenna rotating tray and a transmitting antenna rotating tray for placing the receiving antenna array surface and the transmitting antenna array surface respectively; wherein the receiving antenna array surface and the transmitting antenna array surface adopt a hybrid beam scanning mode of mechanical scanning in an azimuth direction and electrical scanning in a pitch direction and a polarization angle; and the array elements in the receiving antenna array surface and the transmitting antenna array surface are all combined in a passive and active mode to realize a double-element double-polarization passive array, so that the array elements are sparsely arranged. The application can effectively reduce the number of channels of the phased array, reduce the cost and reduce the system power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, specifically to a satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal and a complete phased array antenna system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional satellite vehicle-mounted terminals mostly use reflector or planar array antennas, which have drawbacks such as large size, heavy weight, and poor mechanical tracking reliability. Phased array antennas have low profile and high electronic scanning reliability. However, they are limited by high power consumption and cost. System design optimization is needed to achieve a small-sized, low-power, and low-cost satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal.

[0003] Traditional portable satellite stations, whether manual or automatic, require mechanical rotation along three axes: azimuth, elevation, and polarization. This mechanical rotation results in drawbacks such as large space requirements, heavy weight, and low reliability.

[0004] Phased arrays using electronic beam scanning have many advantages, especially high scanning speed, no unreliable components such as mechanical rotation, and low profile.

[0005] The main cost of a phased array antenna is the TR (Radio Frequency Conditioning) component, or TR component for short. A highly integrated, single-chip TR component, also known as a BFIC (Beamforming IC), is mainly composed of phase shifters, amplifiers, attenuators, and power dividers / combiners, etc., and processes the microwave circuitry for the signals of each antenna element in the phased array. For example... Figure 1 The image shows a BFIC chip with 4 transmit and 4 receive functions.

[0006] Traditional two-dimensional (azimuth and elevation) electronically scanned phased array antennas combined with polarized electronic scanning offer high array surface normal performance because each antenna element is connected to an active TR channel. However, this system requires a large number of phased array TR channels, leading to high cost. A high number of TR channels also means high power consumption, which is detrimental to the integration and use of the entire system. Moreover, traditional two-dimensional phased array antennas are generally flat, and in high-orbit satellite communication scenarios, the satellite elevation angle is typically around 45 degrees, resulting in a performance loss of 2-3 dB, and the normal performance cannot be well utilized.

[0007] As explained above, traditional two-dimensional fully electronically scanned phased array antennas typically employ a dense array configuration, with the spacing between elements usually around half a wavelength. This results in only a single main lobe in the visible space, without the formation of grating lobes. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the fully electronically scanned phased array receiver uses a dual-polarized antenna architecture and an 8-channel beamforming chip (BFIC). This dense array configuration has the following main problems: 1. When the array size is large, satellite communication generally requires 1,000 antenna elements. Since it is a dual-polarized antenna, the number of TR channels needs to be 2,000, and the system power consumption, weight and volume are also greater.

[0008] 2. With a large number of electronic components densely packed together, heat dissipation is a huge engineering challenge.

[0009] 3. To meet the needs of high-orbit satellite communication, the beam needs to be pointed in the 45° angular domain. Compared with the theoretical gain drop of no less than 2-3dB when the phased array beam is scanned to 45°, the aperture efficiency loss of the phased array antenna is no less than 35%.

[0010] Traditional one-dimensional (azimuth mechanical scanning and elevation electronic scanning) phased array schemes also have many drawbacks.

[0011] First, one-dimensional antenna designs often use metal slotted antenna arrays, which are large in size and weight, making them unsuitable for large arrays. Moreover, they are difficult to implement for dual-polarization designs used in satellite communication scenarios.

[0012] Secondly, if a one-dimensional antenna design is implemented using a general microstrip antenna, the microstrip has high loss and poor performance. The power divider feeder loss is generally greater than 1dB per wavelength, which cannot meet the high-performance requirements of satellite communication scenarios.

[0013] Finally, for ease of design, traditional one-dimensional antennas often employ a single antenna surface design, with a mechanical servo rotating the entire antenna surface. For satellite communication scenarios, the antenna surface normal needs to point in an oblique direction (the direction of satellite arrival) to achieve good performance, resulting in a high overall profile. If the antenna surface normal does not point towards the satellite, the performance loss is significant. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the issues of high power consumption and high cost of traditional two-dimensional phased array antennas, and the poor performance of traditional one-dimensional phased array antennas which are difficult to apply to dual-polarization designs in satellite communication scenarios.

[0015] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A phased array antenna assembly includes: a receiving antenna array 100 and a transmitting antenna array 200; and a receiving antenna rotating tray 310 and a transmitting antenna rotating tray 320 for respectively placing the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200; wherein the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 employ a hybrid beam scanning method, which uses mechanical scanning in the azimuth direction and electrical scanning in the elevation direction and polarization angle; Furthermore, the array elements in the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 are combined using a passive and active method to achieve a dual-element dual-polarization passive array, resulting in a sparse array arrangement of the array elements.

[0016] In this embodiment, the dual-cell dual-polarization passive array includes a receiving dual-cell dual-polarization passive array 10; A dual-polarized receiving antenna is used as an element in the receiving antenna array 100; the dual-element dual-polarized passive receiving array 10 includes: First receiving dual-polarized antenna 11, second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna 12, first passive bridge 13, second passive bridge 14, first combiner 15, second combiner 16; The first receiving dual-polarized antenna 11 and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna 12 are arranged in the azimuth direction. The first receiving dual-polarized antenna 11 is combined into a right-hand circular polarized channel in the first combiner 15 after passing through the first passive bridge 13 and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna 12 is combined into a left-hand circular polarized channel in the second combiner 16 after passing through the second passive bridge 14.

[0017] In this embodiment, in the azimuth direction, the spacing between two array elements in the receiving antenna array 100 exceeds half a wavelength.

[0018] In this embodiment, the receiving antenna array 100 includes a plurality of receiving phased array sub-modules 110; each receiving phased array sub-module 110 is an M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module or an M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array module; wherein, M represents the number of receiving one-dimensional phased array modules, N and n both represent the number of channels of the receiving one-dimensional phased array module, and N and n are not equal.

[0019] In this embodiment, the M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by M four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The receiving dual-element dual-polarized passive array 10 is taken as a unit. Each four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-element dual-polarized passive array 101, a second receiving dual-element dual-polarized passive array 102, a first receiving beamforming chip 111, a first low-noise amplifier 112, a second low-noise amplifier 113, a first transmit-stop filter 114, and a second transmit-stop filter 115. The left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 101 are connected in sequence to the first low-noise amplifier 112 and the first cut-off filter 114, and then connected to the two channels set on one side of the first receiving beamforming chip 111. The left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 102 are connected in sequence to the second low-noise amplifier 113 and the second cutoff / transmit filter 115, and then connected to the two channels set on the other side of the first receiving beamforming chip 111.

[0020] In this embodiment, the M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by M eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 10 is used as a unit, and low-noise amplifiers are connected to the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 10 respectively to form a receiving dual-unit dual-polarization active array. Each eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 121, a second receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 122, a third receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 123, a fourth receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 124, a third combiner 125, a fourth combiner 126, a third transmit / stop filter 127, a fourth transmit / stop filter 128, and a second beamforming chip 129. The left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 121 and the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 122 are both passed through the third combiner 125 and the third cutoff filter 127 before entering the two channels on one side of the second beamforming chip 129. The left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals from the third receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 123 and the fourth receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 124 enter the two channels on the other side of the second beamforming chip 129 after passing through the fourth combiner 126 and the fourth cutoff filter 128.

[0021] In this embodiment, the phased array antenna includes a one-dimensional phased array receiving system; and the one-dimensional phased array receiving system is configured with multiple M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array modules as required.

[0022] In this embodiment, the dual-cell dual-polarization passive array includes a transmitting dual-cell dual-polarization passive array 20; A dual-polarized transmitting antenna is used as an element in the transmitting antenna array 200; the dual-element dual-polarized passive transmitting array 20 includes: First transmit dual-polarized antenna 21, second transmit dual-polarized antenna 22, third passive bridge 23, fourth passive bridge 24, first power divider 25, second power divider 26; The first transmitting dual-polarized antenna 21 and the second transmitting dual-polarized antenna 22 are arranged in the azimuth direction; According to the signal flow direction, the right-hand circularly polarized signal is divided in the first power divider 25, and the left-hand circularly polarized signal is divided in the second power divider 26. Then, the horizontal and vertical polarized signals are formed through the third passive bridge 23 and the fourth passive bridge 24, and then transmitted through the first transmitting dual-polarized antenna 21 and the second transmitting dual-polarized antenna 22.

[0023] In this embodiment, in the azimuth direction, the spacing between two array elements in the transmitting antenna array 200 exceeds half a wavelength.

[0024] In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna array 200 includes multiple transmitting phased array sub-modules 210; each transmitting phased array sub-module 210 is an m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module or an m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module; where m represents the number of transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules, C and c both represent the number of channels of the transmitting one-dimensional phased array module, and C and c are not equal.

[0025] In this embodiment, the m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m four-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The dual-element dual-polarized passive array 20 is taken as a unit. Each four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first dual-element dual-polarized passive array 211, a second dual-element dual-polarized passive array 212, a first transmit beamforming chip 213, a fifth transmit blocking filter 214, a sixth transmit blocking filter 215, a seventh transmit blocking filter 216, an eighth transmit blocking filter 217, a first power amplifier 218, and a second power amplifier 219. The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the first transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 211 are connected to two channels on one side of the first transmitting beamforming chip 213 after passing through the fifth transmitting filter 214, the first power amplifier 218, and the sixth transmitting filter 215 in sequence. The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the second transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 212 are connected to the two channels on the other side of the first transmitting beamforming chip 213 after passing through the seventh transmit filter 216, the second power amplifier 219, and the eighth transmit filter 217 in sequence.

[0026] In this embodiment, the m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m eight-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 20 is taken as a unit, and the two blocking filters and the power amplifier set between the two blocking filters are taken as a branch of radio frequency signal. Each eight-antenna transmit one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a third transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 221, a fourth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 222, a fifth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 223, a sixth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 224, a third power divider 225 to a sixth power divider 228, a first radio frequency signal branch 229, a second radio frequency signal branch 230, and a second transmit beamforming chip 231; The left-hand circular polarization signals of the third-transmit dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 221 and the fourth-transmit dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 222 are divided by the third power divider 225 and the right-hand circular polarization signals are divided by the fourth power divider 226, respectively, and then connected to the two channels on one side of the second transmit beamforming chip 231 through two first radio frequency signal branches 229. The left-hand circularly polarized signals of the fifth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 223 and the sixth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 224 are divided by the fifth power divider 227 and the right-hand circularly polarized signals are divided by the sixth power divider 228. They are then connected to the two channels on both sides of the second transmit beamforming chip 231 through two second radio frequency signal branches 230, respectively.

[0027] In this embodiment, the phased array antenna system includes a one-dimensional phased array transmitting system; and the one-dimensional phased array transmitting system is configured with multiple m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules as required.

[0028] In this embodiment, both the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 are placed at a 45-degree angle.

[0029] The present invention also provides a satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal, which integrates the phased array antenna described above.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: this solution combines the characteristics of the high-orbit satellite usage scenario, and designs the pitch and polarization to be adjusted electronically, while the azimuth is adjusted mechanically, which can achieve lower cost and lower power consumption; First, a one-dimensional active microstrip array design is adopted, and the RF microwave conditioning link is rationally designed. Taking into full account antenna performance and transmit / receive isolation requirements, as well as performance requirements, an active + passive link is designed to achieve a semi-two-dimensional phased antenna (each element is connected to an active chip to ensure performance; the normal performance is the same as a two-dimensional phased array, and the number of TR channels is the same as a one-dimensional phased array). Combined with a sparse array antenna design, the number of TR channels is further reduced. This reduces the total number of channels required for the antenna system from approximately 2000 for both transmit and receive to around 200 for each.

[0031] Secondly, since the antenna array adopts a one-dimensional + microstrip + sparse array design, there is enough space on the array surface to use label-type independent RF front-end chips (low-noise amplifiers, i.e., LNAs, and power amplifiers, i.e., PAs) with better performance and cost, thereby achieving higher performance and cost optimization. In particular, the power amplifier can adopt chip solutions with higher output power and higher efficiency, and lower power consumption.

[0032] Furthermore, by adopting an antenna module component design, different module size requirements are designed to fill the entire circular aperture antenna system, which improves the overall performance of the system while effectively reducing costs.

[0033] Furthermore, the module height is reasonably designed (four-unit design at the height), and the antenna module is placed at an angle with the normal of the antenna module unit pointing towards the satellite, which improves performance. The modular design also facilitates production. The whole machine can also achieve a low profile design, which is beneficial to the requirements of low profile in vehicle scenarios. The height of the whole machine is only 12cm.

[0034] Finally, the overall design employs a dual-disk design to further enhance the overall isolation, thereby reducing the design complexity and cost of the channel isolation chip. This also facilitates better heat dissipation and width control, making it suitable for automotive applications.

[0035] This invention combines the characteristics and requirements of satellite communication scenarios, and adopts sparse array antenna design, modular antenna unit design, tilted antenna module placement, and dual-disk isolation design for transmitting and receiving. It effectively solves the disadvantages of high power consumption and high cost of traditional antennas and classic two-dimensional electronically scanned antennas, realizes a low-cost, high-performance phased array vehicle-mounted antenna terminal, reduces the system noise figure, and improves antenna performance. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a BFIC chip with 4 transmit and 4 receive ports.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional all-electronically scanned phased array receiver dual-polarized antenna architecture.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a 4×4 receiving one-dimensional phased array module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a 4×8 receiving one-dimensional phased array module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional phased array receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of a dual-cell dual-polarized passive array for transmitting according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a four-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an eight-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a 4×4 transmitting one-dimensional phased array module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a 4×8 transmitting one-dimensional phased array module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional phased array transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the tilt of the phased array subarray module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0053] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] Please see Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a phased array antenna assembly, including a receiving antenna array 100, a transmitting antenna array 200, and a receiving antenna rotating tray 310 and a transmitting antenna rotating tray 320 for placing the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200, respectively.

[0055] In this invention, the azimuth direction of the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 employs a hybrid beam scanning method, using mechanical scanning for azimuth and electronic scanning for elevation and polarization angles. Specifically, the elevation beam scanning of the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 uses an electronically controlled scanning method, with electronic scanning control implemented through a beamforming chip. This invention employs a hybrid electromechanical beam scanning method, eliminating the need for azimuth scanning. Furthermore, the array arrangement in the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 does not need to consider the occurrence of grating lobes during scanning. Sparse array scanning can produce grating lobes, which are generally addressed through irregular array arrangements, but this is complex and difficult to manage, requiring element spacing and spacing exceeding half a wavelength, typically around 0.6-0.8 times the wavelength. Therefore, this invention uses passive and active methods to combine the array elements in the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 to achieve a dual-element, dual-polarization passive array, resulting in a sparse element arrangement.

[0056] In this embodiment, the sparse arrangement in the azimuth direction and the passive azimuth combining increase the spacing between array elements, reducing the mutual coupling between array elements. At the same time, the number of channels in the entire phased array antenna surface is greatly reduced, significantly reducing hardware costs. The significantly reduced number of channels in the same area also effectively reduces the power surface density of the array surface, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation design of the phased array surface.

[0057] Receive a dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 10; Please see Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dual-element dual-polarized passive array includes a receiving dual-element dual-polarized passive array 10. If a receiving dual-linearly polarized antenna is used as an element in the receiving antenna array 100, then the receiving dual-element dual-polarized passive array 10 includes: a first receiving dual-polarized antenna 11, a second receiving dual-linearly polarized antenna 12, a first passive bridge 13, a second passive bridge 14, a first combiner 15, and a second combiner 16.

[0058] The first receiving dual-polarized antenna 11 and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna 12 are arranged in the azimuth direction. The first receiving dual-polarized antenna 11 is combined into a right-hand circular polarized channel in the first combiner 15 after passing through the first passive bridge 13 and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna 12 is combined into a left-hand circular polarized channel in the second combiner 16 after passing through the second passive bridge 14.

[0059] In this embodiment, a dual-element dual-polarized passive array 10 (azimuth-oriented) is used. The two azimuth-oriented dual-polarized receiving antennas are combined into left-hand and right-hand channels via a passive bridge and a combiner, effectively reducing the number of channels. Figure 4 In the diagram, V represents the vertically polarized signal, H represents the horizontally polarized signal, R represents the right-hand circularly polarized signal, and L represents the left-hand circularly polarized signal.

[0060] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the receiving antenna array 100 includes a plurality of receiving phased array submodules 110. Each receiving phased array submodule 110 is an M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module or an M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array module. Wherein, M represents the number of receiving one-dimensional phased array modules, N and n both represent the number of channels of the receiving one-dimensional phased array module, and N and n are not equal.

[0061] Four antennas receive a one-dimensional phased array subarray; Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by M four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction.

[0062] In this embodiment, the receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 10 is taken as a unit. Each four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 101, a second receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 102, a first receiving beamforming chip 111, a first low-noise amplifier 112, a second low-noise amplifier 113, a first transmit-stop filter 114, and a second transmit-stop filter 115.

[0063] In this embodiment, the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 101 are sequentially connected to the first low-noise amplifier 112 and the first blocking filter 114, and then connected to two channels disposed on one side of the first receiving beamforming chip 111.

[0064] In this embodiment, the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 102 are sequentially connected to the second low-noise amplifier 113 and the second blocking filter 115, and then connected to the two channels on the other side of the first receiving beamforming chip 111.

[0065] In this embodiment, the design advantages and application scenarios of a four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray are as follows: 1. Reduces the number of phased array channels, saving 50% of the channels compared to a typical architecture.

[0066] 2. Place the low-noise amplifier as close as possible to the receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array to reduce the system noise figure.

[0067] 3. The blocking and transmitting filters are distributed, which reduces the design difficulty. Generally, an out-of-band rejection ratio of 15-20dB is sufficient. In engineering, they can be easily implemented using microstrip filters, which reduces costs.

[0068] 4. The array element (antenna unit) is 4-in-1 and has a narrow width, making it suitable for use in circular phased arrays where width is limited.

[0069] Eight-antenna receiver for one-dimensional phased array subarray; Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by arranging M eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays in the elevation direction. Considering the maximum requirement of ±45 degrees for the elevation scanning range, the spacing between two adjacent eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays is designed to be 0.5-0.8 wavelengths. In this embodiment, it is set to 0.65 times the wavelength. In order to ensure that no grating lobes appear within the beam scanning range of the phased array, the element spacing in the elevation direction is arranged at approximately 0.5-0.8 times the wavelength. Increasing the element spacing in one dimension can reduce the number of antenna elements under the same area. It can be understood that the method, reason, and effect of arranging two adjacent four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays in the elevation direction are the same as those of two adjacent eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays.

[0070] In this embodiment, the receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 10 is used as a unit, and low-noise amplifiers are connected to the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 10 to form a receiving dual-unit dual-polarization active array.

[0071] In this embodiment, each eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 121, a second receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 122, a third receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 123, a fourth receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array 124, a third combiner 125, a fourth combiner 126, a third transmit / stop filter 127, a fourth transmit / stop filter 128, and a second beamforming chip 129.

[0072] In this embodiment, the left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals from the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 121 and the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 122 are both passed through the third combiner 125 and the third cutoff filter 127 before entering the two channels on one side of the second beamforming chip 129.

[0073] In this embodiment, the left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals from the third receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 123 and the fourth receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array 124 enter the two channels on the other side of the second beamforming chip 129 after passing through the fourth combiner 126 and the fourth cutoff filter 128.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, taking an eight-antenna receiver for a one-dimensional phased array subarray as an example, the signal link is described as follows: First, the signal streams of the two receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active arrays are designed to converge towards the center, saving trace length. Then, the junction box is connected, resulting in the lowest loss and a trace length of only about 0.4 wavelengths.

[0075] Secondly, the combined signals R and L are connected to a low-noise amplifier nearby to achieve noise suppression and improve performance. Here, it is necessary to consider that the first-stage LNA is not saturated and has good gain to suppress the subsequent losses. The gain of the LNA is generally 13-16dB, and P1dB should not be too low, otherwise it will saturate. It is generally 8-12dBm.

[0076] Furthermore, since noise suppression is mainly achieved by connecting a low-noise amplifier, subsequent combining and placement of blocking filters will not affect system noise.

[0077] Then, the transmit-stop filter needs to be placed in front of the receive beamforming chip to simulate its saturation. A transmit-stop filter is placed at the output of the receive beamforming chip to prevent saturation in the subsequent signal conditioning circuit. Multi-stage filtering is used to reduce the performance requirements of the filters, thereby reducing costs. A suppression level of 15-18dB is sufficient here, and the number of filters should be minimized to save costs.

[0078] Since polarization adjustment is required, left-hand circular polarization signal and right-hand circular polarization signal are fed into the receiving beamforming chip respectively, and the composite polarization adjustment is achieved by adjusting the phase of the two channels.

[0079] Furthermore, the left and right circularly polarized signals from the four antenna elements on the left and the left and right circularly polarized signals from the four antenna elements on the right are combined and fed into the receiving beamforming chip. There are two reasons for this design: Firstly, it facilitates the overall wiring design. Secondly, to address the phase discrepancy between the two channels caused by inconsistencies in circuitry and chips, as well as manufacturing errors, the phase shifter in the beamforming chip is used for calibration and compensation. Finally, the satellite signals received by all eight antenna elements are processed by the RF conditioning circuitry and the beamforming chip, and then synthesized into a single output signal.

[0080] In this embodiment, it can be understood that the signal link design, principle, and effect of four antennas receiving a one-dimensional phased array subarray are the same as those of eight antennas receiving a one-dimensional phased array subarray, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] In this embodiment, the effects and application scenarios achievable by the eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray design are as follows: 1. The one-dimensional eight-in-one design can further reduce the number of phased array channels, saving 75% of the beamforming channels and reducing costs. The cost of a single channel is generally tens of yuan, while satellite communication typically requires 1000-4000 units.

[0082] 2. The low-noise amplifier should be placed as close as possible to the dual-unit dual-polarized passive array of the receiver to reduce the system noise figure. Noise reduction is paramount in a receiving system. Since space is not a constraint, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) LNA is suitable here, achieving a noise figure of approximately 1.2 dB, compared to the existing 1.7 dB noise figure, thus improving receiver performance (G / T) by about 1 dB. Here, G represents the total passive gain of the system, and T represents the total active noise figure of the system.

[0083] 3. The blocking and transmitting filters are distributed, which reduces the design difficulty. Generally, an out-of-band rejection ratio of 15-20dB is sufficient. In engineering, they can be easily implemented using microstrip filters, which reduces costs.

[0084] 4. The narrow width of the 8-in-1 array element makes it suitable for use in circular phased arrays where width is limited, further reducing the use of beamforming chips and lowering costs and power consumption.

[0085] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, this invention provides a specific example of a 4×4 receiving one-dimensional phased array module. Making it into a 4×4 module is beneficial for the use and splicing of the whole machine. Modular design, and, furthermore, would affect the height of the whole machine. Considering that the receiving slip ring 410 and the first motor are generally 6-8CM, considering the control of the overall height of the machine, it is more reasonable to combine four linear arrays.

[0086] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 As shown, this invention provides a specific example of a 4×8 receiving one-dimensional phased array module. The 4×8 module facilitates overall use and assembly. Modular design is beneficial; a higher module would affect the overall height. Considering the receiving slip ring 410 and the second motor are typically 6-8 cm, combining four linear arrays is a reasonable approach to overall height control. This module has lower cost but a wider width, allowing for placement in areas with unrestricted width. Furthermore, the elevation direction uses a 0.65 wavelength array to ensure no grating lobes appear within the scanning range.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the phased array antenna includes a one-dimensional phased array receiving system. Furthermore, the one-dimensional phased array receiving system, depending on requirements, is configured with multiple M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array modules. Figure 9 The method involves combining multiple M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array modules and multiple M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array modules, then outputting the result via a combiner. Figure 9 In this context, RX represents the COM port.

[0088] Transmitting a dual-cell dual-polarization passive array 20; Please see Figure 1 , Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dual-cell dual-polarization passive array includes a transmitting dual-cell dual-polarization passive array 20.

[0089] Using a dual-polarized transmitting antenna as an element in the transmitting antenna array 200, the dual-element dual-polarized passive array 20 includes: a first dual-polarized transmitting antenna 21, a second dual-polarized transmitting antenna 22, a third passive bridge 23, a fourth passive bridge 24, a first power divider 25, and a second power divider 26.

[0090] The first transmit dual-polarized antenna 21 and the second transmit dual-polarized antenna 22 are arranged in the azimuth direction. According to the signal flow direction, the right-hand circularly polarized signal is divided in the first power divider 25, and the left-hand circularly polarized signal is divided in the second power divider 26. Then, the horizontal and vertical polarized signals are formed by the third passive bridge 23 and the fourth passive bridge 24, and then transmitted through the first transmit dual-polarized antenna 21 and the second transmit dual-polarized antenna 22.

[0091] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between two elements in the transmitting antenna array 200 exceeds half a wavelength, which is similar to the spacing between two elements in the receiving antenna array 100.

[0092] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting antenna array 200 includes a plurality of transmitting phased array submodules 210, each transmitting phased array submodule 210 being an m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module or an m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module. Here, m represents the number of transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules, C and c both represent the number of channels in the transmitting one-dimensional phased array module, and C and c are not equal.

[0093] Four antennas transmit a one-dimensional phased array subarray; Please see Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m four-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction.

[0094] The dual-element dual-polarized passive array 20 is taken as a unit. Each four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first dual-element dual-polarized passive array 211, a second dual-element dual-polarized passive array 212, a first transmit beamforming chip 213, a fifth transmit blocking filter 214, a sixth transmit blocking filter 215, a seventh transmit blocking filter 216, an eighth transmit blocking filter 217, a first power amplifier 218, and a second power amplifier 219.

[0095] The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the first transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 211 are sequentially connected to two channels on one side of the first transmitting beamforming chip 213 after passing through the fifth transmit filter 214, the first power amplifier 218, and the sixth transmit filter 215.

[0096] The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the second transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 212 are connected to the two channels on the other side of the first transmitting beamforming chip 213 after passing through the seventh transmit filter 216, the second power amplifier 219, and the eighth transmit filter 217 in sequence.

[0097] In this embodiment, in the four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray, the dual-polarized signal of the dual-element dual-polarized passive array is divided into two antenna elements by a power divider. The signal flow of the two antenna elements adopts a power-divided method towards the middle, saving the trace length, which is only about 0.4 wavelengths.

[0098] In this embodiment, the design advantages and applicable scenarios of the four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray are as follows: 1. The receiver filter should be placed at the end stage to maximize the protection of the noise floor of the receiving system from transmission interference.

[0099] 2. The blocking and receiving filters are distributed to reduce design difficulty. Generally, an out-of-band rejection ratio of 15-20dB is sufficient. In engineering, they can be easily implemented using microstrip filters, which reduces costs.

[0100] 3. The 4-in-1 antenna unit has a narrower width, making it suitable for use in circular arrays where width is limited. It uses a large number of beamforming chips, resulting in a relatively high cost.

[0101] Eight-antenna transmission of a one-dimensional phased array subarray; Please see Figure 10 , Figure 12 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m eight-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction.

[0102] In this embodiment, the dual-unit dual-polarization passive array 20 is used as a unit, and the two blocking filters and the branch formed by the power amplifier disposed between the two blocking filters are used as a radio frequency signal branch.

[0103] In this embodiment, each eight-antenna transmit one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a third transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 221, a fourth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 222, a fifth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 223, a sixth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array 224, a third power divider 225 to a sixth power divider 228, a first radio frequency signal branch 229, a second radio frequency signal branch 230, and a second transmit beamforming chip 231.

[0104] In this embodiment, the left-hand circularly polarized signals of the third transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 221 and the fourth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 222 are divided by the third power divider 225 and the right-hand circularly polarized signals are divided by the fourth power divider 226, and then connected to two channels on one side of the second transmit beamforming chip 231 through two first radio frequency signal branches 229, respectively.

[0105] In this embodiment, the left-hand circularly polarized signals of the fifth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 223 and the sixth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array 224 are divided by the fifth power divider 227 and the right-hand circularly polarized signals are divided by the sixth power divider 228, and then connected to the two channels on both sides of the second transmit beamforming chip 231 through two second radio frequency signal branches 230, respectively.

[0106] In this embodiment, an eight-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray is used as an example to illustrate the signal link. Undoubtedly, the signal link of a four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray is similar.

[0107] The signal enters through the COM (SUM port) and first passes through a cutoff filter to suppress noise power within the receiving frequency range. This prevents excessive noise in the transmit link within the receiving frequency range, which could negatively impact the noise floor at the receiver and degrade overall system performance. The signal then enters an 8-channel beamforming chip, resulting in 8 signal outputs. Within the beamforming chip, the signal undergoes amplification, attenuation, and phase shifting. Due to the need for polarization adjustment, left-hand circularly polarized signals R and L are output separately, and the combined polarization is achieved by adjusting the phase of the two channels. The signal from the beamforming chip then passes through a final power amplifier PA, and after that, another cutoff filter is placed to meet the required isolation of over 85dB for typical systems.

[0108] Multi-stage filtering is used to reduce the performance requirements of the filter. After the beamforming chip, a blocking filter is added to reduce the cost. The required suppression is 15-18dB, and the number of filters added is minimized to save costs.

[0109] The final stage power amplifier (PA) can be flexibly configured with different output power to meet various needs. There is considerable flexibility here; a PA with an output of 20-30 dBm can be selected.

[0110] After passing through the cutoff filter, the signal enters the power divider, where it is split into two paths, supplying power to two dual-element dual-antenna passive arrays. The main considerations are: firstly, increasing the power amplifier (PA) power can improve performance for the transmitter, and the requirements for feeder loss are not as stringent; secondly, doubling the power amplifier (PA) power will not double the cost. From a cost perspective, reducing the number of power amplifiers (PAs) used here helps to reduce costs.

[0111] Please see Figure 13 The present invention provides a specific example of a 4×4 transmitting one-dimensional phased array module. Figure 14 As shown, the present invention provides a specific example of a 4×8 transmitting one-dimensional phased array module.

[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, the phased array antenna assembly includes a one-dimensional phased array transmitting system; and, depending on requirements, the one-dimensional phased array transmitting system is configured with multiple m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 15 As shown, this invention provides a one-dimensional phased array transmission system with a mixed configuration of multiple 4×4 and 4×8 one-dimensional phased array transmission modules. In the figure, TX can be understood as SUM, and all common segments are referred to as SUM.

[0113] Please see Figure 16 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, both the receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 are placed at a 45-degree angle, that is, both the receiving phased array submodule 110 and the transmitting phased array submodule 210 are placed at a 45-degree angle. For vehicle-mounted mobile or stationary phased array antennas used in satellite communication, if a planar phased array antenna is used, since geostationary orbit satellites are mostly located in the 45-degree elevation angle region, the array usually needs to operate in a beam scanning state at an elevation angle of 45 degrees or even smaller, resulting in a significant loss of array aperture efficiency due to beam scanning.

[0114] The overall design tilts the entire phased array to prevent this, but if the array is large, it would occupy a very large section height, which does not conform to the wind resistance design of vehicle-mounted communication equipment, making it essentially impractical in engineering. Furthermore, such as... Figure 1As shown, the entire phased array surface is divided into multiple phased array sub-modules (receiver phased array sub-module 110, transmitter phased array sub-module 210). To ensure maximum gain coverage of the phased array antenna near the 45-degree angle, the phased array sub-modules are placed at an angle of approximately 45 degrees on the metal base. The phased array sub-modules can be 4×8 or 8×8 one-dimensional phased array modules, aiming to fill the circular aperture area as much as possible. Simultaneously, the tilted placement results in a relatively small cross-sectional height occupied by the sub-modules, making the overall cross-sectional area controllable. The arrangement of the phased array sub-modules follows the basic principle of unobstructed front and rear views. When viewed from a 45-degree angle towards the phased array surface, the normal direction of the phased array sub-modules can be projected onto a planar phased array antenna at this angle, thus maximizing aperture efficiency at the tilt angle.

[0115] Please see Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the phased array antenna assembly further includes a first motor, a second motor, a receiving slip ring 410, a transmitting slip ring 420, a baffle 500, an inertial navigation system 600, and a GPS antenna 700. The first motor drives the receiving antenna rotating tray 310 to rotate, and the second motor drives the transmitting antenna rotating tray 320 to rotate. The rotating trays can be made of two smaller areas according to the needs of the array, thus reducing the inertia of the two antennas, lowering the requirements for the motors, and reducing costs. If the transmitting and receiving antennas are on a single tray, a larger tray is required, resulting in greater weight, higher requirements for the motors, and higher costs.

[0116] In this embodiment, since the transmitting antenna array 200 has a larger heat dissipation than the receiving antenna array 100, placing the transmitting antenna array 200 and the receiving antenna array 100 on two rotating trays respectively will greatly reduce the mutual interference of heat between the transmitter and receiver. In addition, the base area is larger, the area for heat exchange with the outside world is greater, and the heat dissipation performance is better.

[0117] When the transmitting and receiving antenna arrays are on the same disk, the slip ring for communication needs to handle dual RF signals. A slip ring with dual RF signals has a complex structure, low reliability, and high cost. If the transmitting and receiving antennas are placed separately, only two single-channel RF slip rings are needed, resulting in lower cost and a simpler, more reliable structure.

[0118] In this embodiment, compared to the distance between GPS antennas when the transceiver antenna arrays are on a single disk, the distance between the GPS antennas 700 is greater after the transceiver is placed separately. This results in a larger number of satellites being acquired, providing more accurate information to the inertial navigation system 600, and more precise satellite pointing to the antennas themselves. When the transceiver antennas are on a single disk, the antenna arrays are close together, leading to greater mutual interference and a significant impact on performance. Now, with the transceiver placed separately, the greater distance between them reduces the impact. Furthermore, adding a metal baffle 600 and attaching absorbing material between the transceiver antennas further reduces the mutual interference between them.

[0119] Please see Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the present invention also provides a satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal, which integrates the phased array antenna described above.

[0120] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0121] The above embodiments are merely examples of implementation methods of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complete phased array antenna system, characterized in that, include: The receiving antenna array (100) and the transmitting antenna array (200) are respectively placed on the receiving antenna array (100) and the transmitting antenna array (200); and the receiving antenna rotating tray (310) and the transmitting antenna rotating tray (320) are respectively placed on the receiving antenna array (100) and the transmitting antenna array (200); wherein the azimuth direction of the receiving antenna array (100) and the transmitting antenna array (200) adopts a hybrid beam scanning method of mechanical scanning and electrical scanning of the elevation direction and polarization angle; Furthermore, the array elements in the receiving antenna array (100) and the transmitting antenna array (200) are all combined using a passive and active method to realize a dual-element dual-polarization passive array, so that the array elements are sparsely arranged. The dual-unit dual-polarization passive array includes a receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (10) and a transmitting dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (20). The receiving dual-cell dual-polarization passive array (10) includes: First receiving dual-polarized antenna (11), second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna (12), first passive bridge (13), second passive bridge (14), first combiner (15), second combiner (16). The first receiving dual-polarized antenna (11) and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna (12) are arranged in the azimuth direction; the first receiving dual-polarized antenna (11) is combined into a right-hand circular polarized channel in the first combiner (15) and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna (12) is combined into a left-hand circular polarized channel in the second combiner (16) after passing through the first passive bridge (13) and the second receiving dual-linear polarized antenna (12) is combined through the second passive bridge (14); The transmitting dual-cell dual-polarization passive array (20) includes: First transmit dual-polarized antenna (21), second transmit dual-polarized antenna (22), third passive bridge (23), fourth passive bridge (24), first power divider (25), second power divider (26). The first transmitting dual-polarized antenna (21) and the second transmitting dual-polarized antenna (22) are arranged in the azimuth direction; According to the signal flow direction, the right-hand circular polarized signal is divided in the first power divider (25), the left-hand circular polarized signal is divided in the second power divider (26), and then the horizontal and vertical polarized signals are formed through the third passive bridge (23) and the fourth passive bridge (24), and then transmitted through the first transmitting dual-line polarized antenna (21) and the second transmitting dual-line polarized antenna (22).

2. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, A receiving dual-polarized antenna is used as an element in the receiving antenna array (100); and, in the azimuth direction, the spacing between two elements in the receiving antenna array (100) exceeds half a wavelength.

3. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The receiving antenna array (100) includes multiple receiving phased array sub-modules (110); each receiving phased array sub-module (110) is an M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module or an M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array module; where M represents the number of receiving one-dimensional phased array modules, N and n both represent the number of channels of the receiving one-dimensional phased array module, and N and n are not equal; The phased array antenna system includes a one-dimensional phased array receiving system; and the one-dimensional phased array receiving system is configured with multiple M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple M×N receiving one-dimensional phased array modules as required.

4. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by M four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (10) is taken as a unit. Each four-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (101), a second receiving dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (102), a first receiving beamforming chip (111), a first low-noise amplifier (112), a second low-noise amplifier (113), a first transmit-stop filter (114), and a second transmit-stop filter (115). The left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (101) are connected in sequence to the first low-noise amplifier (112) and the first blocking filter (114), and then connected to the two channels set on one side of the first receiving beamforming chip (111). The left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (102) are connected in sequence to the second low-noise amplifier (113) and the second blocking filter (115), and then connected to the two channels set on the other side of the first receiving beamforming chip (111).

5. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The M×n receiving one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by M eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (10) is used as a unit, and low-noise amplifiers are connected to the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization channels of the receiving dual-unit dual-polarization passive array (10) to form a receiving dual-unit dual-polarization active array. Each eight-antenna receiving one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array (121), a second receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array (122), a third receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array (123), a fourth receiving dual-element dual-polarized active array (124), a third combiner (125), a fourth combiner (126), a third cutoff / transmit filter (127), a fourth cutoff / transmit filter (128), and a second beamforming chip (129). The left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the first receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array (121) and the second receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array (122) are both passed through the third combiner (125) and the third cutoff filter (127) before entering the two channels on one side of the second beamforming chip (129). The left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized signals from the third receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array (123) and the fourth receiving dual-unit dual-polarized active array (124) enter the two channels on the other side of the second beamforming chip (129) after passing through the fourth combiner (126) and the fourth cutoff filter (128).

6. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transmitting dual-polarized antenna is used as an element in the transmitting antenna array (200); and, in the azimuth direction, the spacing between two elements in the transmitting antenna array (200) exceeds half a wavelength.

7. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The transmitting antenna array (200) includes multiple transmitting phased array sub-modules (210); each transmitting phased array sub-module (210) is an m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module or an m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module; where m represents the number of transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules, C and c both represent the number of channels of the transmitting one-dimensional phased array module, and C and c are not equal; The phased array antenna system includes a one-dimensional phased array transmitting system; and the one-dimensional phased array transmitting system is configured with multiple m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules and / or multiple m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array modules as required.

8. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The m×C transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m four-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The dual-element dual-polarized passive array (20) is used as a unit. Each four-antenna one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a first dual-element dual-polarized passive array (211), a second dual-element dual-polarized passive array (212), a first transmit beamforming chip (213), a fifth transmit blocking filter (214), a sixth transmit blocking filter (215), a seventh transmit blocking filter (216), an eighth transmit blocking filter (217), a first power amplifier (218), and a second power amplifier (219). The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the first transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (211) are connected to the two channels on one side of the first transmitting beamforming chip (213) after passing through the fifth transmit-stop filter (214), the first power amplifier (218), and the sixth transmit-stop filter (215) in sequence. The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals of the second transmitting dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (212) are connected to the two channels on the other side of the first transmitting beamforming chip (213) after passing through the seventh blocking filter (216), the second power amplifier (219), and the eighth blocking filter (217) in sequence.

9. The phased array antenna assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The m×c transmitting one-dimensional phased array module is mainly formed by m eight-antenna transmitting one-dimensional phased array subarrays arranged in the elevation direction; The dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (20) is used as a unit, and the two blocking filters and the power amplifier set between the two blocking filters are used as a branch for radio frequency signals. Each eight-antenna transmit one-dimensional phased array subarray includes a third transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array (221), a fourth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array (222), a fifth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array (223), a sixth transmit dual-element dual-polarized passive array (224), a third power divider (225) to a sixth power divider (228), a first radio frequency signal branch (229), a second radio frequency signal branch (230), and a second transmit beamforming chip (231). The left-hand circularly polarized signals of the third and fourth dual-unit dual-polarized passive arrays (221 and 222) are divided by the third power divider (225), and the right-hand circularly polarized signals are divided by the fourth power divider (226). They are then connected to the two channels on one side of the second transmit beamforming chip (231) through two first radio frequency signal branches (229). The left-hand circularly polarized signals of the fifth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (223) and the sixth transmit dual-unit dual-polarized passive array (224) are divided by the fifth power divider (227) and the right-hand circularly polarized signals are divided by the sixth power divider (228). They are then connected to the two channels on both sides of the second transmit beamforming chip (231) through two second radio frequency signal branches (230).

10. A satellite phased array vehicle-mounted communication terminal, characterized in that, The complete phased array antenna system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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