An adaptive parameter adjustment system for an automotive interior skin forming process

Abstract

This application relates to the field of automotive interior parts manufacturing technology, and discloses an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior skin molding process. The system includes a distributed multiphysics array mold module, a dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module, an in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module, and a spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module. Multiple composite electrode units are embedded on the molding surface of the mold module; the sensing module detects the capacitance data between the electrodes and the skin; the algorithm module calculates the local thinning rate based on the capacitance data and generates a control vector containing timing duty cycle parameters; the drive module responds to the control vector by using a multi-channel high-speed switching matrix to switch circuits within microsecond time slots, selectively outputting either high-voltage DC to generate electrostatic adsorption force or high-frequency AC to generate dielectric loss heat. This invention adjusts the physical field environment through spatiotemporal coupled collaborative logic, actively suppressing local excessive stretching, and achieving high-quality closed-loop molding of complex curved surface skins.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive interior parts manufacturing technology, specifically to an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior surface molding process. Background Technology

[0002] As the automotive industry continues to demand higher quality and more aesthetically pleasing interior designs, interior parts with complex three-dimensional geometric features (such as deep grooves, small radius corners, and multi-level steps) are becoming increasingly common. In the manufacturing of these parts, vacuum forming, in-mold molding (IMG), and three-dimensional overlay methods (TOM) are currently the mainstream skin-covering processes. These processes typically involve heating polymer skin materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), or polyurethane (PU) to a softened state, and then using vacuum negative pressure to adhere them to the mold surface for shaping.

[0003] However, existing molding technologies are essentially a "passive" open-loop processing method. During molding, the elongation and deformation of the skin material are mainly driven by the pressure difference, and its flow behavior depends on the initial temperature distribution of the material and its viscoelastic characteristics. Due to differences in the geometric features of the mold surface, the stretch ratio of the skin varies significantly in different areas during bonding. In deep cavities or sharp corners, the material often undergoes severe local overstretching, leading to a sharp reduction in wall thickness. When the thinning exceeds the material's limit, it can cause irreversible defects such as severe deformation of the surface texture (skin grain), stress whitening, or even cracking and perforation; while in flat or low-strain areas, the material may accumulate or wrinkle due to insufficient flow.

[0004] To address these issues, existing technologies typically employ methods such as zoned infrared heating control or the addition of mechanical plug assists. While zoned heating can adjust the initial temperature field of the material to some extent, the thermal conductivity of polymer materials and the transient nature of the molding process make it difficult to achieve dynamic and precise control over small localized areas, and it cannot cope with the stress distribution that changes over time during molding. Although mechanical plug assists the material into deep cavities, it requires complex mechanical motion mechanisms, which not only increases mold costs and maintenance difficulty but also easily leaves contact marks on the visible surface, affecting the appearance quality.

[0005] Existing molding equipment generally lacks in-situ real-time state perception and feedback mechanisms. The system cannot obtain real-time information on the actual thickness changes or strain states at various points on the surface within the millisecond to second timescale of molding. This means that adjustments to process parameters typically rely on engineers' experience or post-processing destructive testing, making it difficult to cope with batch-to-batch fluctuations in material properties. Existing mold structures usually only serve as passive molding templates, unable to actively apply frictional resistance to specific areas of material during molding to limit excessive flow, nor can they apply instantaneous heat to specific locations to induce supplementary flow. This lack of physical field control limits the molding yield and production efficiency of complex interior parts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior skin molding processes, which solves the problems of localized overstretching, cracking, and uneven thickness distribution caused by open-loop control in traditional vacuum adsorption molding processes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior skin molding process. The system includes a distributed multiphysics array mold module, a dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module, an in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module, and a spatiotemporal coupling rheological control algorithm module.

[0008] The distributed multiphysics array mold module forms the physical execution basis of the system. This module embeds multiple independent composite electrode units on the forming surface of a thermally conductive metal mold substrate according to a preset topological structure. The composite electrode units achieve electrical isolation and functional reuse from the mold substrate through physical structure design. Specifically, each composite electrode unit is independently set in a mounting groove in the mold substrate and current leakage to the mold substrate is blocked by a base insulating layer made of high breakdown field strength ceramic material. The composite electrode unit body adopts a layered structure, including a conductive electrode plate layer and a functionalized dielectric surface layer covering it. The functionalized dielectric surface layer directly constitutes the forming working surface of the mold. Its material properties must meet the requirements of high dielectric constant and wear resistance. It is used to establish an electrostatic field capable of generating Maxwell stress or an alternating electric field capable of inducing dipole polarization between the electrode surface and the automotive interior skin when the conductive electrode plate layer is energized. Furthermore, the mold substrate has a microporous venting structure in the gap area between adjacent composite electrode units, which, together with an external vacuum pumping mechanism, establishes a negative pressure environment to ensure compatibility between physical field regulation and vacuum adsorption forming processes.

[0009] The dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module constitutes the energy supply and switching center of the system. This module mainly consists of a high-voltage DC power supply unit, a high-frequency AC power supply unit, and a multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit. The high-voltage DC power supply unit outputs high-voltage DC power, utilizing electrostatic adsorption to generate tangential frictional resistance at the electrode-skin interface. The high-frequency AC power supply unit outputs high-frequency AC power, utilizing dielectric loss to increase the internal temperature of the skin material and reduce its rheological viscosity. To improve energy transmission efficiency, an automatic impedance matching network is connected in series along the output path of the high-frequency AC power supply unit to dynamically adjust impedance parameters to match load changes. Based on control commands, the multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit rapidly switches the connection loops between the aforementioned power supply units or sensing modules and the composite electrode unit within a microsecond timescale, thereby achieving time-division multiplexing of multiple functions on a single physical electrode.

[0010] The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module constitutes the system's feedback neural network. This module utilizes the principle of edge electric field induction to detect the capacitance value data of the capacitive system formed between the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior skin. This data reflects the dielectric properties and geometric thickness variations of the skin material in the corresponding region.

[0011] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module constitutes the decision-making core of the system, communicating bidirectionally with both the sensing and driving modules to execute closed-loop control logic. This module has a pre-set thickness inversion model, which maps the acquired capacitance data to real-time physical thickness using a linearization formula, and further performs differential calculations on time to obtain the local thinning rate. Based on this local thinning rate, the algorithm module generates a control vector containing timing duty cycle parameters, and guides the operation of the dual-modal time-division multiplexing driving module by defining non-overlapping sensing time slots, friction control time slots, and heating control time slots.

[0012] To achieve coordinated control of material flow across the entire field, the spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module performs calculations based on a pre-stored rheological topology graph. This topology graph defines the spatial adjacency relationships (including upstream and downstream neighborhood sets) and material flow directions between various composite electrode units. The system employs coordinated control logic: when the local thinning rate at a certain location exceeds a critical threshold, indicating a risk of fracture, the algorithm module generates instructions for that location and its upstream neighborhood set, increasing the duty cycle of the friction control time slot and boosting the DC voltage amplitude to increase flow resistance and limit material input. Simultaneously, it generates instructions for the downstream neighborhood set at that location, increasing the duty cycle of the heating control time slot and activating AC output to reduce downstream material viscosity and induce material flow.

[0013] This invention provides an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior trim molding processes. It offers the following advantages:

[0014] 1. This invention employs a distributed multiphysics array mold and a dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive architecture, achieving a high degree of integration and precision in the molding process. By integrating a conductive electrode plate layer and a functional dielectric surface layer on a single composite electrode unit, and cooperating with a multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit for microsecond-level sensing, friction, and heating time slot switching, the system successfully achieves the multiplexing of three functions—in-situ thickness detection, electrostatic friction hindrance, and dielectric current change modification—on the same physical node without adding mechanical sliders or external sensors. This not only reduces the mechanical complexity and manufacturing cost of the mold structure but also effectively solves the problem of electromagnetic interference between high-voltage drive signals and weak sensing signals in space, ensuring the stability of closed-loop control.

[0015] 2. This invention utilizes the dual-modal physical effect of electrostatic adsorption and dielectric heating to resolve the contradiction between material flowability and stretching uniformity in traditional vacuum adsorption molding. The system generates Maxwell stress through high-voltage direct current, forming controllable tangential frictional resistance at the electrode interface, which can anchor overstretched areas. At the same time, it uses dielectric loss heat generated by high-frequency alternating current to directionally reduce the viscosity of the material in specific areas and induce material flow. This active physical field intervention mechanism breaks through the limitations of traditional processes that rely solely on passive air pressure difference molding. It can dynamically reconstruct the frictional impedance field and rheological characteristic field of the mold surface according to the local thinning rate, improving the molding quality of complex geometric features such as deep cavities and large curvatures.

[0016] 3. This invention constructs a spatiotemporal coupled collaborative control mechanism based on rheological topology graphs, realizing the global dynamic equilibrium of material strain distribution. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is no longer limited to single-point feedback, but executes a collaborative strategy based on preset upstream and downstream neighborhood sets. That is, it increases resistance upstream of the fracture risk zone to limit inflow, while reducing viscosity downstream to share deformation. This neighborhood-based control logic transforms local thickness control into the orderly redistribution of materials across the entire field, effectively eliminating fracture or whitening defects caused by local stress concentration, and improving the yield and thickness uniformity of automotive interior skin molding. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the local thinning rate calculation and single-point logic determination process of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, there is a multi-physics array mold module 110; an in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120; a dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130; and a spatiotemporal coupling rheological control algorithm module 140. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See attached document Figure 1 This invention provides an adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior skin molding process, which is used for thermoforming automotive interior skin. The system includes a distributed multiphysics array mold module 110, an in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120, a dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module 130, and a spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140.

[0022] The distributed multiphysics array mold module 110, as the system's execution terminal, provides the physical basis for supporting and molding automotive interior trim. The distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 includes a mold substrate and multiple composite electrode units embedded in the molding surface of the mold substrate.

[0023] The mold base has a molding surface that matches the target geometry of the automotive interior trim to be molded. Multiple composite electrode units are distributed on the molding surface of the mold base according to a preset matrix topology, covering the molding working surface including planar areas, curved areas, and deep groove areas. Each composite electrode unit has an insulating structure between itself and the mold base, and each composite electrode unit is equipped with an independent electrical lead-out terminal.

[0024] The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120 is electrically connected to multiple composite electrode units in the distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 via a signal transmission line. The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120 is configured to send excitation signals to selected composite electrode units and collect feedback signals within a preset sensing time slot.

[0025] The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120 is specifically used to detect the capacitance value data of the capacitor system formed by the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior skin. This capacitance value data characterizes the real-time physical thickness and dielectric properties of the automotive interior skin covering the composite electrode unit.

[0026] The dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130 is electrically connected to multiple composite electrode units in the distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 via a high-voltage power bus. The dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130 includes a high-voltage DC power supply unit, a high-frequency AC power supply unit, and a multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit.

[0027] The high-voltage DC power supply unit is configured to output high-voltage DC with adjustable amplitude, used to establish an electrostatic field between the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior surface, thereby generating electrostatic attraction. The high-frequency AC power supply unit is configured to output high-frequency AC with adjustable frequency and amplitude, used to generate dielectric loss heat inside the automotive interior surface, thereby changing the rheological viscosity of the material.

[0028] A multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit is connected in series between the composite electrode unit and the power supply unit. It is used to quickly switch the access circuit of the composite electrode unit according to the control command, so that it is connected to the in-situ capacitor impedance sensing module 120, the high voltage DC power supply unit or the high frequency AC power supply unit respectively.

[0029] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140 communicates bidirectionally with the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120 and the dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130 via a data bus. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140 receives capacitance value data from the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module 120 and calculates the real-time thickness and local thinning rate of the automotive interior skin at each composite electrode unit location based on this data.

[0030] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140 generates a corresponding control vector based on the distribution of the local thinning rate and according to preset control logic. This control vector contains timing control parameters for each composite electrode unit, specifically including the duty cycle configuration of the sensing time slot, friction control time slot, and heating control time slot.

[0031] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140 sends the generated control vector to the dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130. The dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module 130 drives the multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit to operate according to the control vector, and adjusts the output parameters of the high-voltage DC power supply unit and the high-frequency AC power supply unit, thereby forming a dynamically distributed triboelectric impedance field and rheological modification field on the surface of the distributed multiphysics array mold module 110.

[0032] The system also includes a clamping mechanism for securing the edges of the automotive interior trim and a vacuum pumping mechanism for providing background adhesion pressure. Both the clamping mechanism and the vacuum pumping mechanism are signal-connected to the spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module 140 and are controlled by it to complete the molding process.

[0033] The distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 is not merely a traditional thermoforming mold; its physical structure is designed as a multilayer composite material device. The module mainly consists of a thermally conductive metal base, an insulating layer, an independently addressable electrode layer, and a functionalized dielectric surface layer. These layers are tightly integrated at the microscale to meet multiple requirements for mechanical load-bearing capacity, electric field insulation, and thermal conduction.

[0034] Mold base and insulation structure

[0035] The underlying support structure of the distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 is the mold substrate. The mold substrate is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum alloy (e.g., 7075 series) or porous, breathable steel, to ensure rapid heat dissipation during the cooling phase of the molding cycle. The geometric contour of the mold substrate is CNC machined based on the CAD data of the final product, forming the basic surface for molding the interior skin.

[0036] Instead of directly exposing the metal substrate, the mold base surface is machined with several micro-grooves or mounting holes of predetermined depth. Each groove is covered with a base insulating layer using physical vapor deposition (PVD) or plasma spraying. This base insulating layer is made of a high-breakdown-field ceramic material, such as alumina (Al₂O₃) or zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), and its thickness is set on the order of hundreds of micrometers. This ensures complete electrical isolation between the subsequently installed electrodes and the grounded mold base, preventing leakage of high-voltage direct current or high-frequency alternating current into the mold base.

[0037] Layered structure of composite electrode unit:

[0038] The composite electrode unit is embedded in the groove of the mold substrate, and its physical structure presents a sandwich-like layered distribution.

[0039] The first layer is the conductive electrode plate layer. This layer sits atop the substrate insulating layer and is made of a material with excellent conductivity and high temperature resistance, such as a silver-palladium alloy paste sintered layer or a copper plating layer. The geometry of the conductive electrode plate layer matches the shape of the groove it is located in and is connected to the drive circuit on the back through an insulated lead channel that penetrates the mold substrate. This layer serves as the source of charge accumulation and electric field excitation, and is the direct carrier for applying high-voltage direct current and high-frequency alternating current.

[0040] The second layer is the functional dielectric surface layer. This layer covers the conductive electrode plate layer and directly forms the outermost mold surface that contacts the automotive interior trim. The material selection for the functional dielectric surface layer is crucial and must simultaneously meet the following physical properties:

[0041] High relative permittivity: In order to generate a greater electrostatic attraction force (i.e. Maxwell stress) under the same driving voltage, the material of this layer is usually a modified polyimide or aluminum nitride (AlNAlN) ceramic doped with barium titanate (BaTiO3) to enhance the electric field coupling efficiency.

[0042] High wear resistance and low basic coefficient of friction: As the skin of the molding die, this layer is precision polished to have a defined surface roughness (e.g., Ra 0.2-0.4 μm), ensuring that the skin material can flow smoothly when no electrostatic field is applied.

[0043] High dielectric strength: the thickness of this layer The design must meet the safety margin of breakdown voltage. Assume the maximum operating voltage of the system is... The breakdown field strength of the material is The thickness design follows:

[0044] ;

[0045] in For safety, a value greater than 1.5 is typically used. This design ensures that the mold surface will not be punctured or sparked under high-pressure adsorption mode.

[0046] Array topology and variable density design:

[0047] The arrangement of composite electrode units on the mold surface is not a simple uniform grid, but rather adopts a variable density gradient layout strategy based on curvature characteristics.

[0048] In the large planar areas or micro-deformation regions of the mold, the individual dimensions of the composite electrode units are relatively large, and their arrangement density is relatively low, forming a hexagonal honeycomb pattern. This arrangement can reduce the number of control channels and lower system complexity while ensuring control coverage.

[0049] In areas with complex geometry, including the radius corners, deep groove sidewalls, and character line areas, the size of the composite electrode units is significantly reduced, while their density increases exponentially. This high-density microelectrode array constitutes a high-resolution control region. In these regions, the spatial resolution of the electric field gradient is higher, enabling precise impedance modulation of material flow within a very small area, thereby solving the problems of stress concentration and fracture at small-radius corners.

[0050] Integration of vacuum channels:

[0051] To accommodate the vacuum forming process, the distributed multiphysics array mold module 110 must be breathable. Since the composite electrode unit itself is solid and airtight, the vacuum channel is designed in the gap area between adjacent composite electrode units.

[0052] The gaps are filled with microporous breathable materials (such as sintered metal powder) or machined with micron-sized mechanical venting holes. These venting channels converge into a main vacuum pipeline inside the mold, which is connected to a vacuum pumping mechanism. This ensures that while applying vacuum negative pressure for normal bonding, the electrode array can independently apply tangential frictional resistance without interfering with each other.

[0053] Electrical connections and shielding:

[0054] Each composite electrode unit has an insulating potting compound filling the lead channel on its back, with a coaxial cable structure as the center conductor. The outer shielding layer of the coaxial cable shares a common ground with the mold substrate, and the inner conductor connects to the conductive electrode plate layer. This structural design aims to minimize parasitic capacitive coupling and electromagnetic interference between adjacent electrodes in high-frequency AC drive mode (rheological modification mode), ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of heating control and capacitance sensing for each pixel.

[0055] The dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module 130, through a highly integrated electronic circuit architecture, achieves independent addressing and multi-functional multiplexing of each composite electrode unit in the distributed multiphysics array mold module. For any independent composite electrode unit, its drive circuit topology mainly consists of a high-voltage DC generation branch, a high-frequency AC radio frequency branch, a weak signal sensing branch, and a core high-voltage high-speed switching matrix. These three branches are electrically converged to a common output node, which is directly connected to the conductive electrode plate layer of the composite electrode unit through a shielded transmission line.

[0056] The high-voltage direct current (HVDC) generation branch constitutes the energy source for the system's triboelectric impedance regulation. This branch contains a programmable HVDC power supply, which internally employs a voltage doubler rectifier circuit or a flyback boost topology, configured to convert the input low-voltage direct current into continuously adjustable high-voltage direct current (HVDC). To accommodate automotive interior materials of varying thicknesses and dielectric constants, the voltage amplitude at the power supply's output is controlled by analog or digital commands from the main control unit, enabling precise adjustment within the range of hundreds to thousands of volts. A current-limiting resistor and a fast discharge circuit are connected in series at the output of the HVDC power supply to rapidly dissipate residual charge on the electrodes during system emergency shutdowns or mode switching, preventing charge accumulation from causing baseline drift in subsequent time slot sensing signals.

[0057] The high-frequency AC radio frequency (RF) branch constitutes the energy source for the system's rheological viscosity modification. The core of this branch is an RF power amplifier, whose operating frequency is set in a band that can effectively induce dipole polarization loss in polymer materials (e.g., the ISM band in industrial, scientific, and medical applications). The output of the RF power amplifier is connected to an automatic impedance matching network. Since the load formed by the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior skin is essentially a capacitive load, and this capacitance value dynamically fluctuates with changes in skin thickness and temperature, the automatic impedance matching network (typically an L-type or π-type network composed of variable inductors and variable capacitors) is configured to monitor the reflected power in real time and dynamically adjust the network parameters to match the source impedance with the load impedance through the conjugate matching principle. This ensures that RF energy can be coupled into the interior of the skin material to the maximum extent possible, converting into dielectric loss heat.

[0058] The weak signal sensing branch serves as a feedback channel, connected to the front end of the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module. This branch includes a high input impedance buffer amplifier and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection array. Since the sensed signal is a weak capacitor charging / discharging response or AC impedance signal, this branch employs strict shielding and grounding measures in its circuit layout to isolate electromagnetic interference from nearby high-voltage drive lines.

[0059] The high-voltage, high-speed switch matrix is ​​the physical core for implementing time-division multiplexing logic, located between the three branches and the common output node. This matrix consists of a set of high-voltage, low-on-resistance solid-state semiconductor switching devices (such as silicon carbide SiCMOSFETs or high-voltage reed relay arrays). Specifically, the matrix contains three independently controlled switching units: a friction control switch, a heating control switch, and a sensing intelligent switch. The friction control switch is connected in series in the high-voltage DC generation branch and must have the ability to withstand several kilovolts of DC voltage; the heating control switch is connected in series in the high-frequency AC RF branch and must have low parasitic capacitance to reduce RF signal leakage; the sensing enable switch is connected in series in the weak signal sensing branch and must have extremely high turn-off isolation to prevent damage to the low-voltage sensing circuit during high-voltage drive time slots.

[0060] The timing logic controller drives the aforementioned switch matrix via opto-isolators. Within each control cycle, the logic controller generates gate drive signals strictly according to a mutual exclusion principle, ensuring that at any given time, the composite electrode unit is only connected to one of the three branches. Specifically, in the sensing time slot, only the sensing enable switch is on, and the electrode is connected to the measurement bridge; in the friction control time slot, only the friction control switch is on, and the electrode is connected to the high-voltage DC source; in the heating control time slot, only the heating control switch is on, and the electrode is connected to the RF source. Furthermore, during the transition gaps between different mode switching, the controller inserts an extremely short dead time to eliminate the risk of power short circuits caused by switching delays.

[0061] To prevent high-frequency AC signals from back-interfering with the high-voltage DC source or damaging the RF source with high-voltage DC signals, passive filtering and isolation components are installed at each branch connection point. A high-frequency choke (RF Choke) is connected in series at the output of the high-voltage DC branch to present a high impedance to the RF signal; a DC blocking capacitor is connected in series at the output of the high-frequency AC branch to block the high-voltage DC loop. This hybrid isolation design ensures effective superposition and separation of dual-mode drive signals on the same physical electrode, supporting the system's ability to rapidly switch between multiple physics fields on a microsecond timescale.

[0062] In-situ capacitance tomography sensing and thickness inversion mechanism:

[0063] The in-situ capacitive impedance sensing module operates during the sensing time slot. In this state, the composite electrode unit is configured as a non-contact or semi-contact single-plate capacitive sensor. The system's detection loop is established between the conductive electrode plate layer of the composite electrode unit and the system's common ground terminal (usually the mold substrate or adjacent electrodes).

[0064] When automotive interior trim is applied to the mold surface, the trim material acts as the dielectric layer of a capacitor. This is because the functionalized dielectric surface layer of the mold has fixed physical properties (thickness). and relative permittivity The total impedance change of the detection circuit mainly depends on the real-time state of the skin material.

[0065] This embodiment employs the principle of edge electric field induction. When an excitation signal is applied to the electrodes, the electric field lines pass through the functionalized dielectric surface layer into the automotive interior skin, and are coupled to ground via the skin's interior or edge loops. The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module first measures the real-time total capacitance value of the composite electrode unit. To eliminate the effects of lead parasitic parameters and environmental background noise, the system pre-stores the reference capacitance under no-load conditions. and system stray capacitance .

[0066] Based on the physical model of a multilayer dielectric cascaded parallel plate capacitor, the real-time thickness of the skin material. There is a nonlinear mapping relationship between the measured capacitance and the physical model. To enable fast solution in a microprocessor, the physical model is linearized. The dielectric constant of the skin material at the molding temperature is taken into account. The system may experience slight temperature fluctuations, so a temperature compensation factor has been introduced. At this point, the epidermal thickness The inversion calculation follows the following logical relationship:

[0067] ;

[0068] in, The vacuum permittivity, To account for the effective sensing area of ​​the electrode, The equivalent electrical thickness of the functionalized dielectric surface layer is given. By performing time differential calculation on this formula, the system further obtains the deformation rate of the skin material in the direction perpendicular to the mold surface, i.e., the local thinning rate, thereby determining whether the material is in a critical state of overstretching.

[0069] Electrostatic triboelectric actuation principle (Mode A):

[0070] During the friction control time slot, the system enters the electrostatic triboelectric actuation mode. At this time, the high-voltage DC power supply unit supplies power to the composite electric...

[0071] High voltage DC potential applied to the pole unit .

[0072] In this mode, a parallel-plate capacitor structure is formed between the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior trim, which has a certain degree of conductivity or polarity. Because an insulating layer exists between the trim material and the electrodes, charge cannot be directly transferred, resulting in the accumulation of opposite charges at the interface. According to electrostatic field theory, this charge distribution generates significant Maxwell stress at the contact interface between the trim and the mold. This Maxwell stress macroscopically manifests as an electrostatic attraction force perpendicular to the mold surface. This adhesion force presses the skin material tightly against the mold surface, increasing the microscopic contact area. According to Ammonton's law of friction, the tangential frictional force on the contact surface... It is proportional to the normal force. Therefore, the system adjusts... The amplitude can directly control the resistance threshold of the skin sliding on the mold surface.

[0073] The tangential friction force generated by this actuation mechanism It can be described by the following formula:

[0074] ;

[0075] in, The coefficient of interfacial friction, and These are the dielectric constant and thickness of the equivalent air gap or insulating layer, respectively. This refers to the effective contact area. Essentially, this mechanism utilizes an electric field to construct a virtual anchor point without mechanical parts, used to impede passage in areas of excessive skin flow.

[0076] Dielectric heating rheological modification principle (Mode B):

[0077] During the heating control time slot, the system enters the dielectric heating rheological modification mode. At this time, the high-frequency AC power supply unit applies a frequency of [frequency value missing] to the composite electrode unit. alternating electric field .

[0078] Automotive interior trim is typically made of polar polymer materials (such as PVC, PU, ​​TPO, etc.), whose molecular chains contain a large number of dipoles. Under the influence of an alternating electric field, these dipoles undergo orientation polarization, meaning they attempt to rotate and align themselves repeatedly in accordance with the direction of the electric field. Due to the internal friction of the polymer chain segments, the orientation motion of the dipoles lags behind the change in the electric field, resulting in relaxation. This internal friction at the molecular level directly converts the electric field energy into heat energy within the material, i.e., dielectric loss. Unlike traditional external heat conduction heating, dielectric heating is a volumetric heating mode, where heat is generated directly within the material, resulting in extremely fast response and uniform heat distribution.

[0079] Dielectric heating power density per unit volume It is proportional to the electric field frequency and the square of the electric field strength:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, The dielectric loss tangent of the material is given. The electric field strength generates heat, causing a momentary increase in the local temperature of the surface material. According to the principles of polymer rheology, the increased temperature increases the free volume of the polymer chain segments, reduces the entanglement resistance between molecular chains, and thus leads to the zero-shear viscosity of the material. Significant decrease.

[0082] ;

[0083] in, Direct proportion sign, Activation energy of flow Universal gas constant, Absolute temperature.

[0084] By applying high-frequency alternating current to a specific area, the system can directionally liquefy the material in that area, making it easier for it to stretch and flow under the influence of vacuum suction, thereby achieving active guidance of the material flow direction.

[0085] See attached document Figure 2 Timing architecture design for Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) cycles:

[0086] To achieve conflict-free sensing and actuation operation on a single composite electrode unit, this system establishes a strict time-based architecture. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is configured to generate a basic control cycle. The duration of this cycle is set in the range of microseconds to milliseconds (e.g., 1ms-10ms), which is much smaller than the thermal inertia time constant of the rheological response of thermoplastic materials, thus ensuring quasi-continuous control.

[0087] A complete basic control cycle It is divided into three functional time slots and several protection intervals in the time domain:

[0088] The first time slot is the sensing and sampling time slot. At the start of this time slot, the multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit disconnects the high-voltage DC power supply and the high-frequency AC power supply, and connects the composite electrode unit to the measurement bridge. Considering the settling time of capacitor charging and discharging, the duration of the sensing sampling time slot is set to a fixed value, sufficient to cover 3-5 measurement RC constants. During this period, the system acquires the current raw capacitance data.

[0089] The second time slot is for data processing and dead time. This stage is used for microprocessor logic operations and hardware switch state switching. To prevent direct short circuits between the high-voltage source and the low-voltage measurement circuit or between the high-voltage DC source and the high-frequency AC source, a microsecond-level dead time is set before and after the switching action to ensure that the switch in the next state is closed only after the switch in the previous state is completely turned off.

[0090] The third time slot is the multiphysics-driven time slot. This is the largest portion of the cycle. Based on the control strategy calculated by the algorithm, this time slot is dynamically divided into friction control sub-time slots ( ) and heating control sub-slot ( .

[0091] ;

[0092] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module adjusts the pulse width modulation (PWM) method. and exist The duty cycle in the [data / process]. If the current area requires simple electrostatic adsorption, then... Set to 0; if only rheological modification is needed, then Set to 0; if it is necessary to suppress stick-slip, then... Interleaved short pulses and .

[0093] Discretization calculation of local thinning rate:

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, the spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module receives a discrete capacitance data sequence from the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module. ,in Representing the current number One control cycle.

[0095] Due to the presence of electromagnetic noise in industrial environments, the system first performs digital filtering on the raw capacitance data. A moving average filter or a first-order lag filter algorithm is used to remove high-frequency random noise and obtain smoothed capacitance values. .

[0096] Subsequently, using the aforementioned thickness inversion model, Mapped to the current physical thickness value To quantify the severity of dynamic deformation of the material, the system calculates the local thinning rate. To eliminate the jitter of single-point differentials, the three-point central difference method or the polynomial fitting differential method is used for calculation.

[0097] ;

[0098] in, In time samples The physical thickness value at that location, In time samples The physical thickness value at that location, Initial state value (physical thickness value at time sample 0).

[0099] Alternatively, engineering strain rate can be used:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, This represents the normalized rate of change of the material thickness at the current moment. The calculation is performed in parallel within the system's FPGA or DSP units, ensuring that the computational delay for all composite electrode units is less than 10% of a single control cycle.

[0102] Adaptive threshold determination and control vector generation:

[0103] Obtain the thinning rate of each composite electrode unit. Afterwards, the system enters the logic determination phase. This embodiment adopts a hierarchical threshold determination mechanism, setting two key thresholds: a warning threshold and a warning threshold. and critical threshold .

[0104] Status 1: Safe movement zone (

[0105] When the thinning rate in a certain area is detected to be lower than the warning threshold, it indicates that the material flow is stable. At this time, the control algorithm outputs the default control vector, i.e. , The composite electrode unit is in a transparent state and is passively formed only by vacuum pressure, or only by applying extremely low amplitude lubrication pulses.

[0106] State 2: Flow instability zone (

[0107] When the thinning rate exceeds the warning threshold but does not reach the critical value, the system determines that there is an overstretching trend in the region. At this time, the algorithm activates the proportional-derivative (PD) control loop. Based on the deviation of the thinning rate, the friction control duty cycle of the current electrode unit and its upstream neighboring electrodes is linearly increased. At the same time, maintain the heating control duty cycle It is zero.

[0108] ;

[0109] in, and To control the gain coefficient, In time The rate of change of the input strain rate at any given time (time derivative). Characterizes the current The normalized value of the instantaneous rate of change of the node material thickness. This process smoothly reduces the material flow velocity by progressively increasing surface frictional resistance.

[0110] State 3: On the verge of rupture (

[0111] When the thinning rate exceeds a critical threshold, it indicates that the area is about to crack or develop irreversible whitening defects. The system immediately triggers a forced intervention mode.

[0112] In this mode, for the nodes of the current high-risk electrode units The system will Set to the maximum value (i.e., %). ), and apply the highest voltage amplitude to anchor the material.

[0113] Simultaneously, the system retrieves the nodes of the electrode unit. The rheological topology diagram was used to identify the low-strain region of the electrode downstream. (Right now The system directs energy to the electrodes. Send heating command, set It is a non-zero value, and radio frequency excitation is applied.

[0114] Through the above logic, the system transforms passive monitoring into active redistribution, achieving dynamic equilibrium of all materials across the field at the microscopic timescale.

[0115] Rheological topology mapping and adjacency definition:

[0116] The core of the spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module lies in establishing a rheological topology map of the mold surface. In physical space, the forming surface of the distributed multiphysics array mold is mapped as a directed graph. Among them, vertex set For each composite electrode unit, the edge set Adjacency relationships represent the flow of materials.

[0117] The system pre-determines the main flow vector field of the automotive interior skin under ideal forming conditions through finite element analysis (FEA) or mold flow analysis. Based on this vector field, for any composite electrode unit... The system defines two types of neighborhood sets:

[0118] Upstream Anchor Set : refers to the location within the unit on the material flow path. The previous adjacent electrode assembly. During the molding process, material must pass through this area to flow to the unit. .

[0119] Downstream Compensation Set ): refers to a node located on the material flow path. The next adjacent electrode assembly. This area is typically located at the bottom of the deep cavity of the mold or far from the gate.

[0120] Cooperative control equations based on strain energy equilibrium:

[0121] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module no longer treats each composite electrode unit as an isolated control point, but instead executes a distributed control strategy based on neighborhood state coupling. Its control objective is to smooth the strain distribution across the entire forming surface and prevent local stress concentration.

[0122] For any element's node In time step Its final output friction control command and heating control commands It is formed by the superposition of its own local state and the requests from its neighboring nodes.

[0123] Generation of friction control commands (upstream interlocking logic):

[0124] Nodes of composite electrode units Friction control voltage It depends not only on its own thinning rate, but also on the distress signals from its downstream neighboring nodes. When a node When the downstream node is excessively thinned, the cell It is necessary to actively increase electrostatic adsorption force to limit material outflow. The calculation model for the friction control command is as follows:

[0125] ;

[0126] in, Based on its own thinning rate The adaptive impedance function, Let be the Herveside step function. Summation operator. Traversing nodes. downstream collection All representation nodes , These are topological weight coefficients, representing the nodes. For nodes The closer the distance, the greater the weight. The gain coefficients for self-feedback and collaborative feedback are given. Characterized the first The normalized value of the instantaneous rate of change of a node.

[0127] This logic ensures that when a region is about to break, all upstream path nodes will automatically increase. This forms a resistance wall, which shares the tensile stress through multi-level electrostatic adsorption.

[0128] Generation of heating control commands (downstream induction logic):

[0129] Nodes of composite electrode units Heating control voltage The aim is to reduce local viscosity. When the unit When the upstream node is under high stress, the element By heating and softening itself, it can withstand more deformation, thereby relieving the tension upstream.

[0130] The calculation model for the heating control command is as follows:

[0131] ;

[0132] in, This is a viscosity adjustment function; it outputs a positive value when its own thinning rate is extremely low (material accumulation). It is a sigmoid activation function used to activate upstream nodes. The high strain rate is mapped to a normalized heating request signal. Indicates the first All upstream nodes of the node Summation, Representatives and nodes The set of all connected upstream nodes. Connection weights , This is the corresponding gain coefficient. Characterized the first The normalized value of the instantaneous rate of change of the node. Characterized the first The normalized value of the instantaneous rate of change of the upstream node.

[0133] This logic implements the physical mechanism of stress transfer to the low viscosity region. When the downstream region is heated, the viscosity increases... During descent, according to rheological principles, under the same vacuum pressure difference, the strain rate in this region... This will increase, thereby proactively sharing the deformation needs of the upstream.

[0134] Conflict arbitration and synthesis of multi-channel commands:

[0135] In actual computation, a composite electrode unit may be simultaneously upstream of node A and downstream of node B. Therefore, the algorithm module applies the above calculations... and To conduct superposition and conflict arbitration.

[0136] Normalized summation: Weighted summation of control requests from all sources to obtain the original request value.

[0137] Amplitude saturation limiting: Limits the requested value to a range of voltages allowed by the hardware (e.g., ).

[0138] Mode Mutual Exclusion Allocation: Due to the time-division multiplexing of the hardware, the algorithm needs to convert voltage amplitude requirements into duty cycle requirements. If a unit simultaneously receives high-amplitude friction and heating requests (i.e., both locking and softening are required, a situation that typically occurs in extremely complex saddle point regions), the system prioritizes friction control (anti-breakage priority principle), or uses alternating pulse modulation. The system alternates between high-pressure adsorption and short-pulse heating, utilizing the thixotropy of polymer materials to find an equilibrium point.

[0139] Dynamic reconstruction of spatial gradient fields:

[0140] Through the above logic, the system constructs two dynamically changing physical fields on the mold surface:

[0141] Friction Impedance Field: High-value areas automatically track and surround the upstream of potential fracture points, preventing excessive material loss.

[0142] Rheological Ether Field: High-value regions (low viscosity regions) are automatically generated in material accumulation areas or low-stress areas, forming flow traps and inducing material inflow.

[0143] These two fields evolve in real time during the molding process, automatically adapting to the anisotropic differences in the skin material (such as thickness fluctuations or texture direction differences between batches), ultimately achieving global thickness uniformity in the molding of complex curved surfaces.

[0144] This invention also includes a molding control method based on the aforementioned system, which transforms the traditional open-loop vacuum adsorption process into a closed-loop adaptive process with real-time physical field intervention capability. The entire workflow mainly includes four core stages: system initialization and benchmark calibration stage, contact detection and pre-rheological modification stage, spatiotemporal coupling adaptive molding stage, and shaping, holding, and demolding stage.

[0145] System initialization and benchmark calibration phase:

[0146] Before the molding cycle begins, the system first performs a self-test and environmental parameter calibration.

[0147] The automotive interior trim to be formed is loaded onto the clamping mechanism and heated to a preset basic softening temperature. This heating process can be completed by an external infrared heating furnace, or by the distributed multiphysics array mold module of this system in a uniform dielectric heating mode.

[0148] The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module performs an unloaded scan of each composite electrode unit in the distributed multiphysics array mold module. The system records the measured capacitance value at this time as the reference background capacitance. This value includes parasitic capacitance of the circuit board, lead capacitance, and mold structure capacitance. At this time, the dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module is in a high-impedance state, ensuring no voltage output.

[0149] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module loads the three-dimensional geometric data and corresponding rheological topology of the target product, and initializes the neighborhood relation matrix (upstream set) of each composite electrode unit. With downstream collection ), and set the initial thickness control threshold. and .

[0150] Contact testing and pre-rheological modification stage

[0151] This stage occurs at the initial stage of vacuum pumping mechanism startup, where the skin begins to adhere to the mold surface under the influence of air pressure difference.

[0152] The vacuum pumping mechanism is activated to create a negative pressure environment within the mold cavity. The automotive interior trim undergoes significant deformation under aerodynamic forces and gradually contacts the mold surface.

[0153] The system enters contact sensing mode. The in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module monitors the capacitance change rate of each composite electrode unit at a high-frequency sampling rate (e.g., 1 kHz). When a node of a certain unit When the capacitance value of a point undergoes a step change and exceeds the threshold, the system determines that a touchdown event has occurred at that location.

[0154] For the contacted area, the system immediately initiates pre-rheological modification logic. If the area is located in a deep groove or at a large curvature R-angle (a pre-defined high-risk zone), the dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module applies a high-frequency alternating current (HF-AC) with a preset duty cycle to the composite electrode unit in that area. Utilizing the dielectric loss thermal effect, the storage modulus of the material in this local area is pre-reduced at the microscale, placing it in a rheologically susceptible state and preparing it physically for subsequent intense stretching.

[0155] Spatiotemporal coupling adaptive shaping stage:

[0156] This is the core step of the method of this invention, spanning the entire dynamic process from initial contact of the epidermis to complete adhesion to the mold. The system cycles within a microsecond time loop. The closed-loop logic of perception, computation, and actuation is repeatedly executed internally.

[0157] Sensing time slots in each control cycle The multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit switches all composite electrode units to the measurement loop. The system acquires the full-field real-time thickness distribution matrix. And calculate the normalized value of the local instantaneous change rate of each pixel. .

[0158] The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module performs distributed computation based on the current local thinning rate distribution and the rheological topology graph.

[0159] For each composite electrode unit, the algorithm retrieves its own state and the states of its logical neighbors (upstream and downstream nodes) on the topology graph.

[0160] Based on the control equations of upstream anchoring and downstream compensation, the high voltage DC potential applied to the pole unit by this unit in the current cycle is calculated. Amplitude and heating control voltage The amplitude is then mapped to the duty cycle within the actuation time slot. and .

[0161] Entering the multiphysics-driven time slot The dual-mode time-division multiplexing driver module drives the multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit to perform high-frequency operations based on the calculated duty cycle command.

[0162] For the upstream electrode in the overstretched region: in A high-voltage DC source is connected within the sub-time slot. Strong electrostatic adsorption force is generated on the electrode surface, increasing the interfacial friction coefficient between the skin and the mold, physically gripping the skin and preventing it from sliding further into the high-strain region.

[0163] For downstream electrodes in the overstretched region or electrodes in the deposited region: In A high-frequency AC radio frequency source is connected within the sub-time slot. The electrodes radiate radio frequency energy into the interior of the skin, inducing dielectric relaxation motion of molecular chain segments, significantly reducing local viscosity, and making the material more prone to plastic flow under vacuum pressure to compensate for upstream thickness loss.

[0164] For the stick-slip vibration zone: the system alternately executes short pulse adsorption and heating to achieve dynamic electro-controlled lubrication and eliminate surface orange peel defects.

[0165] This closed-loop process continues until the capacitance values ​​detected by all composite electrode units remain stable, indicating that the skin has completely adhered to the mold surface.

[0166] Shaping and demolding stages:

[0167] Once the molding process is complete, the system enters a holding phase to eliminate residual stress and solidify the shape.

[0168] Once full adhesion is confirmed, the system immediately stops the high-frequency AC (heating) output of all composite electrode units, i.e., sets... At this point, the metal thermal conductivity structure of the mold base begins to function, rapidly absorbing heat from the surface for cooling.

[0169] During the cooling process, maintain or even enhance the high-voltage DC (electrostatic adsorption) output, i.e., set... This is the maximum value. Utilizing the electrostatic chuck effect, the skin is strongly adhered to the mold surface to counteract the spring-back stress generated during the cooling and shrinkage of the polymer material, ensuring the dimensional accuracy and contour fidelity of the final product.

[0170] When the change in dielectric constant reflected by the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module indicates that the material temperature has dropped below the glass transition temperature (Tg), the model is considered complete.

[0171] The dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module cuts off the high-voltage DC output and executes a rapid static discharge procedure (connecting a bleed resistor) to release the electrostatic charge accumulated at the electrode-skin interface. Subsequently, the vacuum pumping mechanism stops working and blows air in the reverse direction (if configured), cooperating with the clamping mechanism to release the molded interior trim product.

Claims

1. An automotive interior skin forming process adaptive parameter adjustment system, characterized by, include: A distributed multiphysics array mold module includes a mold substrate and multiple composite electrode units embedded on the molding surface of the mold substrate according to a preset topology. The multiple composite electrode units are used to support automotive interior skin. The dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module is used to selectively output either high-voltage DC power for generating electrostatic adsorption force or high-frequency AC power for generating dielectric loss heat to a selected composite electrode unit according to the received control vector. An in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module is used to detect the capacitance value data of the capacitor system formed between the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior skin. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is used to receive the capacitance value data from the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module, calculate the local thinning rate of the automotive interior skin at each composite electrode unit position based on the capacitance value data, generate the control vector containing the timing duty cycle parameter according to the local thinning rate, and send the control vector to the dual-modal time-division multiplexing drive module to adjust the physical field environment of the automotive interior skin.

2. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molding surface of the mold base is provided with multiple mounting grooves, and each composite electrode unit is independently disposed in one of the mounting grooves; A base insulating layer is provided between the composite electrode unit and the mold substrate. The base insulating layer is made of a high breakdown field strength ceramic material and is used to block the current loop between the composite electrode unit and the mold substrate.

3. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composite electrode unit includes a stacked conductive electrode plate layer and a functionalized dielectric surface layer; The conductive electrode plate layer is disposed on the substrate insulating layer and is electrically connected to the dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module through an insulating lead channel penetrating the mold substrate. The functionalized dielectric surface layer covers the conductive electrode plate layer and forms the molding surface of the distributed multiphysics array mold module. The functionalized dielectric surface layer is used to isolate the conductive electrode plate layer from direct contact with the automotive interior skin and to conduct the electrostatic adsorption force or the dielectric loss heat.

4. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-modal time-division multiplexing driver module includes: A high-voltage DC power supply unit for outputting the high-voltage DC power with adjustable amplitude; A high-frequency AC power supply unit for outputting the high-frequency AC power with adjustable frequency and amplitude; A multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit, the input terminals of which are respectively connected to the high-voltage DC power supply unit, the high-frequency AC power supply unit and the in-situ capacitor impedance sensing module, and the output terminal of the multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit is connected to the composite electrode unit. The multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit is used to switch the access circuit of the composite electrode unit in response to the control vector within a microsecond time scale.

5. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control vector defines a control cycle, which is divided in the time domain into non-overlapping sensing time slots, friction control time slots, and heating control time slots. The multi-channel high-speed switching matrix unit is specifically used to perform the following timing operations: During the sensing time slot, the connection circuit between the composite electrode unit and the in-situ capacitance impedance sensing module is opened. During the friction control time slot, the connection circuit between the composite electrode unit and the high-voltage DC power supply unit is opened. During the heating control time slot, the connection circuit between the composite electrode unit and the high-frequency AC power supply unit is activated.

6. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module internally stores a rheological topology map that maps the geometric features of the mold matrix. The rheological topology map defines the spatial adjacency relationship and material flow direction between the multiple composite electrode units. The spatial adjacency relationship includes an upstream neighborhood set and a downstream neighborhood set. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is used to calculate the control vector based on the rheological topology graph.

7. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is specifically used to execute the following cooperative control logic: When it is determined that the local thinning rate at the location of the first composite electrode unit exceeds a preset critical threshold, a first control command and a second control command are generated. The first control command targets the first composite electrode unit and its upstream neighborhood set in the rheological topology diagram, and is used to increase the duty cycle of the friction control time slot in the control vector and increase the voltage amplitude of the high voltage direct current. The second control command targets the downstream neighborhood set of the first composite electrode unit in the rheological topology diagram, and is used to increase the duty cycle of the heating control time slot in the control vector and start the high-frequency AC output.

8. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module has a preset thickness inversion model, which includes a linearized formula that describes the mapping relationship between capacitance value, dielectric constant and physical thickness. The spatiotemporal coupled rheological control algorithm module is used to input the capacitance value data into the thickness inversion model to obtain the real-time thickness value, and to perform time differentiation operation on the real-time thickness value to obtain the local thinning rate.

9. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mold substrate has a microporous breathable structure in the gap area between adjacent composite electrode units; The system also includes a vacuum pumping mechanism, which is connected to the microporous breathable structure via a gas pipeline to establish a negative pressure adsorption environment between the automotive interior skin and the functional dielectric surface layer.

10. The adaptive parameter adjustment system for automotive interior leather molding process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-mode time-division multiplexing drive module also includes an automatic impedance matching network connected in series on the output path of the high-frequency AC power supply unit; The automatic impedance matching network is used to monitor the reflected power in real time and dynamically adjust the inductor or capacitor parameters, thereby making the output impedance of the high-frequency AC power supply unit conjugate matched with the load impedance formed by the composite electrode unit and the automotive interior skin.

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