Hybrid energy power system and unmanned underwater vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship power, and provides a hybrid energy power system and an unmanned underwater vehicle, the hybrid energy power system comprises a first power supply subsystem and a second power supply subsystem, the first power supply subsystem comprises a reactor, the first power supply subsystem generates electricity through heat energy generated by the reactor, and the second power supply subsystem generates electricity through heat energy generated by the reactor; the obtained electric quantity is supplied to electric equipment and a propelling system of the whole ship; the second power supply subsystem is connected between the first power supply subsystem and the whole-ship electric equipment and propulsion system, and the second power supply subsystem is used for storing excess electric energy of the first power supply subsystem and supplying power to the unmanned underwater vehicle when the first power supply subsystem breaks down or the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to run quietly. And power is supplied to electric equipment and a propulsion system of the whole ship. Efficient utilization of energy is achieved, and quietness and reliability of a power system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine propulsion technology, and in particular to a hybrid energy propulsion system and an unmanned underwater vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear power generation refers to the process of converting the heat energy generated by a nuclear reactor directly or indirectly into electrical energy through a thermodynamic cycle system or other means. Nuclear power generation is an efficient, stable, and low-carbon power generation method, occupying an important position in global energy supply. As a baseload power source that can replace traditional fossil fuels on a large scale, nuclear power has advantages in cleanliness and stability, making it more suitable for providing a stable and continuous energy source for marine equipment such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Currently, UUVs still require power from lithium batteries and have limited endurance. In the future, UUVs will develop towards miniaturization and unmanned operation. With the miniaturization of nuclear reactors and the development of UUV technology, nuclear-powered UUVs are expected to achieve practical application within the next 10-20 years.

[0003] Currently, UUV power systems mainly rely on batteries and internal combustion engines. While these can meet the basic requirements for UUV operation to some extent, they have certain shortcomings in terms of endurance, quietness, and environmental adaptability. For example, using lithium batteries as an energy source results in low energy density, limiting the UUV's endurance and making it difficult to meet the needs of long-term, long-distance operations. Lithium batteries and other energy storage devices also have long charging times and require frequent charging, affecting the UUV's operational efficiency and continuity during missions. On the other hand, using internal combustion engines requires a continuous supply of oxygen underwater, and the operation of internal combustion engines generates significant noise and vibration, which is detrimental to quiet operation. Furthermore, the design, manufacturing, and integration of internal combustion engine power systems are complex, especially in underwater environments where issues such as sealing, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance need to be addressed, increasing research and development difficulty and costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a hybrid energy power system and an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) to address the shortcomings of existing UUV power systems, such as low battery energy density, frequent charging, high internal combustion engine noise, and difficulties in oxygen supply and sealing, which result in short range, poor stealth, and weak adaptability. This invention achieves efficient energy utilization and improves the quietness and reliability of the power system.

[0005] This invention provides a hybrid energy power system, comprising: The first power supply system includes a reactor, which generates electricity using the heat energy produced by the reactor and supplies the resulting electricity to all shipboard electrical equipment and the propulsion system. The second electronic power supply system is connected between the first electronic power supply system and the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system. The second electronic power supply system is used to store the excess power of the first electronic power supply system and to supply power to the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system when the first electronic power supply system fails or when the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

[0006] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the first power supply system includes: A steam generator is connected to the reactor, and the liquid working fluid in the steam generator exchanges heat with the liquid working fluid in the primary loop of the reactor to generate saturated steam. A steam turbine, which is connected to the steam generator, is used to convert the thermal energy of saturated steam into mechanical energy; A generator, which is connected to the steam turbine, generates electricity by being driven by the steam turbine; A condenser is connected between the steam generator and the steam turbine. The condenser is used to condense the expanded working fluid into a liquid state and then pump it back to the steam generator.

[0007] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the second power supply system includes: An electrolytic cell, electrically connected to the generator, is used to electrolyze the excess electrical energy of the generator into hydrogen and oxygen, which are then stored. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is connected to an electrolyzer. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses the electrolyzer to produce and store oxygen and hydrogen to generate electricity and supply power to all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems.

[0008] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the second power supply system further includes: An oxygen and hydrogen storage device is provided, which is connected between the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The oxygen and hydrogen storage device is used to store the oxygen and hydrogen produced by the electrolytic cell under high pressure, and to supply hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell when the first power supply system fails or when the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

[0009] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the electrolytic cell has a hydrogen output port and an oxygen output port, and the oxygen and hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen compressor, and an oxygen storage tank. The hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen compressor via a pipeline. The hydrogen compressed by the hydrogen compressor is transported to the hydrogen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to the oxygen compressor via a pipeline. The oxygen compressed by the oxygen compressor is transported to the oxygen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the oxygen storage tank. The outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

[0010] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the oxygen and hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger, which is respectively connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen compressor, and to the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the oxygen compressor.

[0011] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger includes a high-temperature side and a low-temperature side. The low-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen compressor, and the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the oxygen compressor. The high-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the condenser and the steam generator.

[0012] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the oxygen and hydrogen storage device further includes a hydrogen gas-water separator and an oxygen gas-water separator. The hydrogen gas-water separator is located at the hydrogen outlet and is used to separate hydrogen and water vapor output from the hydrogen outlet. The oxygen gas-water separator is located at the oxygen outlet and is used to separate oxygen and water vapor output from the oxygen outlet.

[0013] According to a hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention, the first power supply system further includes a liquid pump, which is disposed between the condenser and the steam generator, and is used to pump the liquid working fluid condensed by the condenser back to the steam generator.

[0014] The present invention also provides an unmanned underwater vehicle, the unmanned underwater vehicle including a propulsion system, electrical equipment and a hybrid energy power system as described above, wherein the propulsion system and the electrical equipment are electrically connected to the first power supply system and the second power supply system, respectively.

[0015] The hybrid energy propulsion system and unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) provided by this invention significantly improves system safety and stability by setting up two independent first and second power supply systems. Even if one power supply system malfunctions, the other can still provide a stable power source. The reactor in the first power supply system provides a continuous energy source, ensuring the stability of the UUV's power supply. The UUV converts thermal energy into electrical energy for direct electric propulsion through a specific method (such as a Rankine cycle driving a steam turbine). When there is excess electrical energy, the second power supply system stores it. When the UUV needs to operate quietly, the second power supply system supplies power to all shipboard electrical equipment and the propulsion system. Compared to the first power supply system (which may generate some noise during operation, such as a reactor and related power generation equipment), the second power supply system generates extremely low noise during power supply (e.g., using stored electrical energy through fuel cells). This switching of power supply methods allows the UUV to effectively reduce its own operating noise in environments requiring quiet operation, greatly improving the quietness of the propulsion system and enhancing the UUV's stealth capabilities. By combining the first and second power supply systems, energy utilization can be maximized, excess electrical energy can be effectively stored, and the system's energy conversion efficiency can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of the hybrid energy power system provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: 10. Hybrid energy power system; 100. First power supply system; 110. Steam generator; 120. Steam turbine; 130. Generator; 140. Condenser; 150. Liquid pump; 200. Second power supply system; 210. Electrolyte; 220. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell; 230. Oxygen and hydrogen storage device; 20. All shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0024] The following is combined Figure 1The present invention provides a detailed description of a hybrid energy power system and an unmanned underwater vehicle through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0025] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a hybrid energy propulsion system 10 includes a first power supply system 100 and a second power supply system 200. The first power supply system 100 includes a reactor, which generates electricity using the heat energy produced by the reactor and supplies the resulting electricity to the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system 20. The second power supply system 200 is connected between the first power supply system 100 and the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system 20. The second power supply system 200 is used to store excess electrical energy from the first power supply system 100 and supplies power to the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system 20 when the first power supply system 100 malfunctions or when the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

[0026] The first power supply system 100 and the second power supply system 200 form the basic framework of the entire hybrid energy power system 10, dividing the energy supply function into two relatively independent yet cooperative subsystems. This allows the system to flexibly allocate energy according to different operating conditions, improving overall performance and adaptability.

[0027] The first power supply system 100 is mainly responsible for conventional energy supply, while the second power supply system 200 focuses on energy storage and emergency power supply. The two complement each other to ensure the stable operation of the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) in different scenarios and improve the reliability and safety of the system.

[0028] The reactor, as the core energy source of the first power supply system 100, is able to continuously generate heat. This continuous and stable supply of heat is a prerequisite for the normal operation of the entire power system, ensuring that the UUV will not be interrupted due to energy shortages during long-term missions, thus guaranteeing the UUV's long-term endurance.

[0029] The reactor has an extremely high energy density, and compared to traditional energy sources such as chemical batteries, it can store and release a large amount of energy in a smaller volume and mass. This allows UUVs to maintain a smaller size and weight while achieving longer endurance, improving their combat effectiveness and stealth, and enabling them to carry out missions in a wider range of sea areas.

[0030] Optionally, the reactor may include, but is not limited to, pressurized water reactors, gas-cooled reactors, and metal reactors.

[0031] The first power supply system 100 generates electricity using the heat energy produced by the reactor, realizing the conversion of heat energy from the reactor into the electrical energy required by the UUV. The first power supply system 100 efficiently converts heat energy into electrical energy through specific power generation devices (such as steam turbine 120 and generator 130 sets) and power generation technology (such as the Rankine cycle), providing power to all the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system. The generated electricity can directly power the UUV's propulsion system, driving the thrusters and enabling the UUV to travel at a predetermined course and speed. Simultaneously, the electrical energy can also provide power to other shipboard electrical equipment, such as navigation systems, communication systems, and detection equipment, meeting the diverse needs of the UUV in various missions.

[0032] The second power supply system 200, acting as an intermediate link connecting the first power supply system 100 and the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system 20, serves as a bridge for energy transmission and allocation. It receives electrical energy generated by the first power supply system 100 and, as needed, stores or supplies power to the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system, achieving rational energy flow and distribution. This allows the two power supply systems to form an organic whole, achieving efficient energy utilization and coordinated system operation. Through the adjustment of the second power supply system 200, electrical energy can be rationally allocated according to the actual needs and operating status of the UUV, optimizing system energy management and improving overall system performance and energy utilization efficiency.

[0033] When the electrical energy generated by the first electronic power supply system 100 exceeds the current demand of all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems, i.e., when the UUV is sailing at low speeds, the second electronic power supply system 200 can store the excess electrical energy. This energy storage function can avoid energy waste, store excess energy for later use, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce energy costs. In actual operation, the power generation of the first electronic power supply system 100 may fluctuate due to various factors. The energy storage function of the second electronic power supply system 200 can smooth out these energy fluctuations, ensuring a stable supply of electrical energy to all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems, improving system reliability and stability, and preventing equipment damage or malfunctions caused by energy fluctuations.

[0034] When the first electronic power supply system 100 fails, the second electronic power supply system 200 can quickly switch to power supply mode, providing emergency power support for all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems. This ensures that the UUV will not lose control due to power interruption in the event of an emergency, improving the UUV's survivability and mission reliability, enabling it to continue performing missions or return safely in harsh environments.

[0035] Alternatively, when the UUV needs to perform quiet operation tasks, the operation of the first electronic power supply system 100 (such as the reactor and related power generation equipment) may generate some noise, easily revealing the UUV's location. In this case, the second electronic power supply system 200 can independently supply power to all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems, avoiding the operation of the first electronic power supply system 100, thereby greatly reducing the noise level of the UUV, enhancing its stealth capabilities, and enabling it to better perform covert reconnaissance, surveillance, and other tasks.

[0036] This application significantly improves system safety and stability by establishing two independent power supply systems: a first power supply system 100 and a second power supply system 200. Even if one power supply system malfunctions, the other can still provide a stable power source. The reactor in the first power supply system 100 provides a continuous energy source, ensuring the stability of the UUV's power supply. The UUV converts thermal energy into electrical energy for direct electric propulsion through a specific method (such as a Rankine cycle driving a steam turbine 120 to generate electricity). When there is excess electrical energy, the second power supply system 200 stores it. When the UUV needs to operate quietly, the second power supply system 200 supplies power to all shipboard electrical equipment and the propulsion system 20. Compared to the first power supply system 100 (which may generate some noise during operation, such as including a reactor and related power generation equipment), the second power supply system 200 generates extremely low noise during power supply (e.g., using stored electrical energy through fuel cells). This switching of power supply methods allows the UUV to effectively reduce its own operating noise in environments requiring quiet operation, greatly improving the quietness of the power system and enhancing the UUV's concealment. Thus, the combination of the first power supply system 100 and the second power supply system 200 maximizes energy utilization, effectively storing excess electrical energy and improving the system's energy conversion efficiency.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 According to a hybrid energy power system 10 provided by the present invention, the first power supply system 100 includes: Steam generator 110 is connected to the reactor. The liquid working fluid in the steam generator 110 exchanges heat with the liquid working fluid in the primary loop of the reactor to generate saturated steam. Steam turbine 120 is connected to steam generator 110 and is used to convert the thermal energy of saturated steam into mechanical energy. Generator 130 is connected to steam turbine 120, and generator 130 generates electricity by being driven by steam turbine 120; The condenser 140 is connected between the steam generator 110 and the steam turbine 120. The condenser 140 is used to condense the expanded working fluid into a liquid state and then pump it back to the steam generator 110.

[0038] Understandably, the steam generator 110, acting as a heat transfer hub between the reactor and subsequent power equipment, transfers the heat energy generated by nuclear fission to its own liquid working fluid (secondary loop working fluid) through heat exchange with the reactor's primary loop liquid working fluid (such as high-temperature, high-pressure water), causing it to vaporize and produce saturated steam. This achieves physical isolation between the nuclear side (primary loop) and the power side (secondary loop), ensuring efficient heat transfer while preventing nuclear radiation from directly affecting subsequent equipment, and simultaneously providing the working medium (steam) for the steam turbine 120.

[0039] The steam turbine 120 receives saturated steam generated by the steam generator 110, and uses the expansion of the steam to drive the blades to rotate, converting the thermal energy of the steam into the mechanical energy of the turbine shaft.

[0040] The generator 130 is connected to the shaft of the steam turbine 120, which drives the rotor to rotate, cutting magnetic field lines to generate electrical energy, directly supplying power to all shipboard electrical equipment and the propulsion system 20. The generator 130 converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be directly used by the UUV, and is the "energy output terminal" of the first power supply system 100.

[0041] The function of condenser 140 is to condense the low-pressure exhaust steam (steam that has released some energy) discharged from turbine 120 after it has done work into liquid working fluid, completing the phase change from steam to liquid, which facilitates the recycling of working fluid. Then, it can be pumped back to steam generator 110 to form a closed loop (Rankine cycle), allowing the liquid working fluid to re-enter steam generator 110 to absorb heat, avoiding working fluid consumption, achieving sustainable energy conversion, and reducing the system's dependence on working fluid replenishment, which is suitable for the closed environment requirements of long-term underwater operation of UUV.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 According to the hybrid energy power system 10 provided by the present invention, the second power supply system 200 includes: Electrolytic cell 210 is electrically connected to generator 130. Electrolytic cell 210 is used to electrolyze the excess electrical energy of generator 130 into the electrolyte to convert it into hydrogen and oxygen, and then store them. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 is connected to the electrolyzer 210. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 uses the oxygen and hydrogen stored in the electrolyzer 210 to generate electricity and supply power to all ship electrical equipment and propulsion system 20.

[0043] Understandably, the electrolytic cell 210 is electrically connected to the generator 130. When there is excess electrical energy generated by the generator 130, the electrolytic cell 210 uses this excess electrical energy to electrolyze the electrolyte. During the electrolysis process, water (a common electrolyte) is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen under the action of direct current, converting electrical energy into the chemical energy stored in the hydrogen and oxygen.

[0044] The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 is connected to the electrolyzer 210, and it uses the hydrogen and oxygen produced and stored in the electrolyzer 210 to generate electricity. In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220, hydrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction at the anode, losing electrons to generate hydrogen ions; oxygen undergoes a reduction reaction at the cathode, gaining electrons and combining with hydrogen ions to generate water. In this process, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, thereby generating an electric current and converting the chemical energy in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy.

[0045] When the system requires electricity, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 can generate electricity using stored hydrogen and oxygen, supplying power to all electrical equipment and the propulsion system on board. This provides reliable power for applications such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), ensuring the normal operation of various equipment and the power output of the propulsion system. Especially in situations where the primary power supply system 100 fails or the UUV requires quiet operation, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 offers advantages such as low noise and low vibration. In applications requiring high stealth, such as UUVs, the low noise and low vibration characteristics reduce the probability of detection and improve the system's survivability. Moreover, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 does not require a combustion process, eliminating problems such as incomplete combustion, resulting in more stable and reliable operation.

[0046] This implementation utilizes excess electrical energy to produce hydrogen through water electrolysis. When quiet operation is required, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 provides the power needed for the UUV. Compared to traditional nuclear power systems, this significantly reduces system vibration and improves overall vessel comfort. Furthermore, the hybrid energy power system 10, combining nuclear power with the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220, increases energy utilization efficiency.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 According to the hybrid energy power system 10 provided by the present invention, the second power supply system 200 further includes: The oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 is connected between the electrolyzer 210 and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220. The oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 is used to store the oxygen and hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 210 under high pressure, and to supply hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 when the first power supply system 100 fails or the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

[0048] Understandably, the hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolyzer 210 are flammable and explosive, and their large gaseous volume poses safety risks if directly transported or temporarily stored. The oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 uses a high-pressure storage method (such as a high-pressure tank) to compress and store the hydrogen and oxygen gases. This reduces storage volume, improves space utilization (adapting to the miniaturization requirements of UUVs), and isolates the system from the external environment through a sealed design, preventing hydrogen and oxygen leakage and mixing that could lead to safety accidents, thus ensuring the safety of the system's underwater operation.

[0049] In some embodiments, the electrolytic cell 210 has a hydrogen outlet and an oxygen outlet, and the oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 includes a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen compressor, and an oxygen storage tank. The hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer 210 is connected to the hydrogen compressor via a pipeline. The hydrogen compressed by the hydrogen compressor is transported to the hydrogen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220. The oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer 210 is connected to the oxygen compressor via a pipeline. The oxygen compressed by the oxygen compressor is transported to the oxygen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the oxygen storage tank. The outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220.

[0050] Understandably, the hydrogen compressor is connected between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer 210 and the hydrogen storage tank, and the oxygen compressor is connected between the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer 210 and the oxygen storage tank. Their function is to compress the hydrogen and oxygen output from the electrolyzer 210. Through compression, the gas pressure can be significantly increased, allowing the gas to contain more energy per unit volume. This not only facilitates subsequent storage, as higher pressure gases can be stored in smaller containers, but also meets the input gas pressure requirements of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 typically requires a certain gas pressure to operate efficiently and stably; the compressor ensures that the gas pressure entering the fuel cell meets its operating conditions.

[0051] The hydrogen storage tank is used to store hydrogen after it has been compressed by the hydrogen compressor, and the oxygen storage tank is used to store oxygen after it has been compressed by the oxygen compressor. This ensures that the system can store a certain amount of hydrogen and oxygen energy to meet the energy requirements of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 under different operating conditions, giving the system the ability to store and stably supply energy.

[0052] The interconnected pipelines enable the electrolyzer 210, compressor, gas storage tank, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 to work collaboratively. Gas produced in the electrolyzer 210 is compressed by the compressor via pipelines, then transported to the gas storage tank for storage, and finally transported from the storage tank to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 for reaction. This ensures the efficient operation of the hybrid energy power system 10 and realizes the storage and reuse of electrical energy.

[0053] In some embodiments, the oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 includes a hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger, which is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell 210 and the hydrogen compressor, and to the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell 210 and the oxygen compressor.

[0054] Understandably, during the hydrogen and oxygen production process in electrolytic cell 210, the output hydrogen and oxygen typically have relatively high temperatures due to chemical reactions and energy conversion. Both hydrogen and oxygen compressors have specific temperature requirements for the input gas during operation. If the gas temperature is too high, it may affect the compressor's performance and lifespan, and even pose safety hazards. The hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger absorbs heat from the hydrogen and oxygen, cooling them to a suitable temperature range, ensuring that the gas temperature entering the compressor meets the requirements and guaranteeing the compressor's normal operation.

[0055] Under certain operating conditions, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220 also has specific requirements for the temperature of the input hydrogen and oxygen. If the ambient temperature is low, the temperature of the gas output from the storage tank may be too low, which is detrimental to the efficient reaction of the fuel cell. The hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger can store the absorbed heat while cooling the gas before compression. When needed, this heat can be used to preheat the gas output from the storage tank that is about to enter the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 220, thereby improving the reaction efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0056] In some embodiments, the hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger includes a high-temperature side and a low-temperature side. The low-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell 210 and the hydrogen compressor, and the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell 210 and the oxygen compressor. The high-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the condenser 140 and the steam generator 110.

[0057] Understandably, the electrolytic cell 210 generates a significant amount of heat during the production of hydrogen and oxygen, resulting in high temperatures for the output hydrogen and oxygen. The low-temperature side of the hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell 210 and the hydrogen compressor, as well as the pipeline between the oxygen outlet and the oxygen compressor. When the high-temperature hydrogen and oxygen flow through the low-temperature side, they transfer the heat they carry to the heat exchanger. This achieves cooling of the gas output from the electrolytic cell 210, preventing high-temperature gas from directly entering the compressor and thus preventing damage to the compressor due to excessive temperature. It also creates suitable conditions for subsequent compression and storage processes.

[0058] The high-temperature side of the hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger is connected to the condenser 140 and the steam generator 110 via piping. Heat absorbed from the low-temperature side is transferred to the high-temperature side piping, raising the temperature of the medium (such as water) flowing through it. This heat can be effectively utilized, for example, to preheat the water entering the steam generator 110, reducing the energy input required for the steam generator 110 to heat the water to the desired temperature, thus achieving energy recovery and reuse, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0059] In some embodiments, the oxygen and hydrogen storage device 230 further includes a hydrogen gas-water separator and an oxygen gas-water separator. The hydrogen gas-water separator is located at the hydrogen outlet and is used to separate the hydrogen gas and water vapor output from the hydrogen outlet. The oxygen gas-water separator is located at the oxygen outlet and is used to separate the oxygen and water vapor output from the oxygen outlet.

[0060] It is understandable that the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolysis of water in the 210 electrolytic cell inevitably carry water vapor (especially under high-temperature electrolysis conditions, where water vapor saturation is high). If this water vapor directly enters the hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger or compressor, it will increase the heat exchange load of the heat exchanger (requiring prior condensation of the water vapor). Furthermore, it may condense further during compression due to increased pressure, leading to liquid slugging in the compressor (liquids are incompressible and could damage pistons or valves). A gas-water separator located at the outlet can pre-separate most of the free water, reducing the condensation load on subsequent heat exchangers, preventing water from entering the compressor and causing mechanical damage, and extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 According to the hybrid energy power system 10 provided by the present invention, the first power supply system 100 further includes a liquid pump 150, which is disposed between the condenser 140 and the steam generator 110. The liquid pump 150 is used to pump the liquid working fluid condensed by the condenser 140 back to the steam generator 110.

[0062] Understandably, in the hybrid energy power system 10, the working fluid (such as water) needs to continuously circulate between various components to achieve energy conversion and transfer. The liquid pump 150, as the power source in the circulation system, is located between the condenser 140 and the steam generator 110, providing the power for the liquid working fluid to return from the condenser 140 to the steam generator 110, thus constructing a complete working fluid circulation path.

[0063] The present invention also provides an unmanned underwater vehicle, which includes a propulsion system, electrical equipment, and the aforementioned hybrid energy power system 10. The propulsion system and electrical equipment are electrically connected to the first power supply system 100 and the second power supply system 200, respectively. The specific structure of the hybrid energy power system 10 is as described in the above embodiments. It is understood that since the aforementioned hybrid energy power system 10 is used in the unmanned underwater vehicle, the embodiments of the unmanned underwater vehicle include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the aforementioned hybrid energy power system 10, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, so they will not be repeated here.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid energy power system, characterized in that, include: The first power supply system includes a reactor, which generates electricity using the heat energy produced by the reactor and supplies the resulting electricity to all shipboard electrical equipment and the propulsion system. The second electronic power supply system is connected between the first electronic power supply system and the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system. The second electronic power supply system is used to store the excess power of the first electronic power supply system and to supply power to the ship's electrical equipment and propulsion system when the first electronic power supply system fails or when the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

2. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply system includes: A steam generator is connected to the reactor, and the liquid working fluid in the steam generator exchanges heat with the liquid working fluid in the primary loop of the reactor to generate saturated steam. A steam turbine, which is connected to the steam generator, is used to convert the thermal energy of saturated steam into mechanical energy; A generator, which is connected to the steam turbine, generates electricity by being driven by the steam turbine; A condenser is connected between the steam generator and the steam turbine. The condenser is used to condense the expanded working fluid into a liquid state and then pump it back to the steam generator.

3. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second power supply system includes: An electrolytic cell, electrically connected to the generator, is used to electrolyze the excess electrical energy of the generator into hydrogen and oxygen, which are then stored. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is connected to an electrolyzer. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses the electrolyzer to produce and store oxygen and hydrogen to generate electricity and supply power to all shipboard electrical equipment and propulsion systems.

4. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second power supply system also includes: An oxygen and hydrogen storage device is provided, which is connected between the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The oxygen and hydrogen storage device is used to store the oxygen and hydrogen produced by the electrolytic cell under high pressure, and to supply hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell when the first power supply system fails or when the unmanned underwater vehicle needs to be quiet.

5. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell has a hydrogen outlet and an oxygen outlet, and the oxygen and hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen compressor, and an oxygen storage tank. The hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen compressor via a pipeline. The hydrogen compressed by the hydrogen compressor is transported to the hydrogen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to the oxygen compressor via a pipeline. The oxygen compressed by the oxygen compressor is transported to the oxygen storage tank via a pipeline and stored in the oxygen storage tank. The outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

6. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The oxygen and hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger, which is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen compressor, and to the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the oxygen compressor.

7. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrogen-oxygen heat exchanger includes a high-temperature side and a low-temperature side. The low-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the hydrogen compressor, and the pipeline between the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell and the oxygen compressor. The high-temperature side is connected to the pipeline between the condenser and the steam generator.

8. The hybrid energy power system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oxygen and hydrogen storage device further includes a hydrogen gas-water separator and an oxygen gas-water separator. The hydrogen gas-water separator is located at the hydrogen outlet and is used to separate the hydrogen gas and water vapor output from the hydrogen outlet. The oxygen gas-water separator is located at the oxygen outlet and is used to separate the oxygen gas and water vapor output from the oxygen outlet.

9. The hybrid energy power system according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The first power supply system also includes a liquid pump, which is disposed between the condenser and the steam generator, and is used to pump the liquid working fluid condensed by the condenser back to the steam generator.

10. An unmanned underwater vehicle, characterized in that, The unmanned underwater vehicle includes a propulsion system, electrical equipment, and a hybrid energy power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the propulsion system and the electrical equipment are electrically connected to the first power supply system and the second power supply system, respectively.

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