A stationary concentrated solar power combined heat and water system and its capacity regulation method

Abstract

This application discloses a fixed concentrating solar-electric-water combined heat and power system and its capacity regulation method, relating to the field of energy management. The system achieves non-tracking static concentrating of light using a wide-angle composite parabolic concentrator, directing the concentrated beam to drive interfacial evaporation desalination. Simultaneously, photovoltaic modules receive non-concentrated light to generate electricity. A waste heat recovery device on the back of the photovoltaic modules simultaneously recovers photovoltaic waste heat and transfers it to a seawater preheating device, increasing the initial seawater temperature and reducing evaporation energy consumption. The interfacial evaporation desalination device employs heat-absorbing components and a multi-chamber desalination structure, achieving efficient coupling of evaporation, condensation, and freshwater collection. All system modules are arranged on an integrated support frame, resulting in a compact structure and stable operation. Through the synergistic utilization of photovoltaic and thermal energy, this system significantly improves solar energy density without tracking, achieving the coordinated output of electricity, heat, and freshwater. It is suitable for scenarios with freshwater and energy demands, such as islands and offshore platforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of energy management, and more specifically, this application relates to a stationary concentrated solar power combined heat and power system and a method for regulating its capacity. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for freshwater and distributed energy in island regions and offshore platforms, solar-driven seawater desalination technology is gradually becoming an important development direction. Existing solar energy utilization methods mainly include photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal utilization, but these are often operated as independent systems, lacking energy synergy and integrated utilization, resulting in low overall solar energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, photovoltaic modules generate a large amount of waste heat during operation; if not recovered, this not only wastes energy but also causes the module temperature to rise, reducing power generation efficiency.

[0003] While centralized solar thermal technology can effectively increase energy density, it generally relies on solar tracking mechanisms to maintain concentration efficiency. These tracking mechanisms are complex, costly, and difficult to maintain, especially in environments with high wind loads and strong corrosiveness, such as islands, where long-term stability is difficult to guarantee. Furthermore, existing systems lack dynamic adjustment mechanisms for electricity, heat, and freshwater production, making it impossible to flexibly adjust production ratios according to changes in sunlight or fluctuations in freshwater demand, thus limiting the system's adaptability and overall efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive solar energy utilization system that can achieve efficient light concentration without tracking, deeply couple photovoltaic power generation, waste heat recovery and interfacial evaporation desalination, and has intelligent capacity regulation capabilities, so as to improve the overall performance and stability of solar-driven desalination systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This summary section is not intended to limit the key and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] In the first aspect, this application proposes a stationary concentrated solar power combined heat and water system, comprising:

[0007] The composite parabolic concentrator, with a fixed structure and wide receiving angle, is used to statically concentrate solar radiation and output a focused beam.

[0008] A photovoltaic module is disposed in front of or to the side of the aforementioned composite parabolic concentrator to receive sunlight from the non-concentrating part to generate electricity.

[0009] The waste heat recovery device is installed close to the back of the photovoltaic module to collect the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module during operation and transfer the waste heat to the seawater preheating device based on the circulating heat exchange medium.

[0010] A seawater preheating device is thermally connected to the aforementioned waste heat recovery device and is used to preheat the seawater that needs to be desalinated using the aforementioned waste heat.

[0011] The interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device is located at the focal zone of the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens. It is used to receive the concentrated beam output by the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens and convert it into evaporation heat to drive interfacial evaporation to generate steam, which is then condensed to produce fresh water.

[0012] The aforementioned composite parabolic concentrator, photovoltaic module, waste heat recovery device, seawater preheating device, and interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device are all fixedly connected to the support body.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device includes: a heat absorption component and a seawater desalination component;

[0014] The aforementioned heat-absorbing component includes a composite heat-absorbing core plate, which includes a heat-absorbing plate and a heat-conducting pipe. The heat-conducting pipe is embedded in the heat-absorbing plate and is also connected to the interface evaporator of the aforementioned seawater desalination component.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned seawater desalination assembly further includes a preheated seawater heat exchange channel, a condensation surface, a seawater storage chamber, an evaporation chamber, and a freshwater collection chamber;

[0016] The aforementioned interface evaporator is located between the aforementioned seawater storage chamber and the aforementioned evaporation chamber;

[0017] The aforementioned condensation surface is inclined, the aforementioned freshwater collection chamber is located at the bottom end of the aforementioned condensation surface, and the aforementioned preheated seawater heat exchange channel is located above the aforementioned condensation surface. The aforementioned preheated seawater heat exchange channel is also connected between the aforementioned seawater preheating device and the aforementioned seawater storage chamber via a pipeline.

[0018] In one feasible implementation, the heat-absorbing component further includes a bottom reflector, a glass plate, and thermal insulation material;

[0019] The bottom and sides of the heat-absorbing core plate of the above-mentioned composite heat-absorbing core plate are wrapped with the above-mentioned insulation material, and the above-mentioned glass plate is placed on the insulation material on the side to form a sealed cavity.

[0020] A bottom reflector is provided on the periphery of the aforementioned glass plate.

[0021] In one feasible implementation, the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens adopts a split modular structure, consisting of multiple detachable sub-lenses, the receiving angle, radius of curvature, and installation angle of each of the aforementioned sub-lenses being independently adjustable.

[0022] In one feasible implementation, the aforementioned fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system also includes an intelligent control unit;

[0023] The aforementioned intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the aforementioned photovoltaic module, the aforementioned waste heat recovery device, the aforementioned seawater preheating device, and the aforementioned interface evaporation seawater desalination device, respectively. It is used to automatically adjust the angle of the aforementioned photovoltaic module, the heat exchange flow rate, and the concentrated energy distribution strategy based on real-time monitoring data of light intensity, the aforementioned photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, and freshwater production, so as to achieve optimal production capacity control of the aforementioned system under different light conditions.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention also proposes a capacity adjustment method for a stationary concentrating solar combined heat and water system as described in any one of the first aspects, the method comprising:

[0025] Collect operating parameters such as light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, evaporation chamber temperature, and freshwater production.

[0026] Based on the above light intensity and the above photovoltaic module temperature, the real-time operating status of the above photovoltaic module is determined and the photovoltaic waste heat is calculated.

[0027] The flow rate of the circulating heat exchange medium is adjusted by controlling the waste heat recovery device to regulate the heat transferred to the seawater preheating device.

[0028] Based on the evaporation chamber temperature and the freshwater output, the condensation heat exchange flow rate of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device is adjusted to match the steam condensation efficiency with the desalination load, thereby achieving coordinated output regulation of electrical energy, thermal energy and freshwater.

[0029] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0030] The steam pressure and condensation surface temperature inside the steam guide chamber of the above-mentioned interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device were measured.

[0031] When the steam pressure exceeds the preset threshold, the seawater flow rate in the preheated seawater heat exchange channel is automatically increased to enhance the cooling capacity of the condenser surface.

[0032] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0033] Based on the above light intensity and freshwater demand, the height position of the photovoltaic module relative to the support body is controlled by the intelligent control unit.

[0034] When the demand for fresh water exceeds the demand for electricity, the photovoltaic modules are moved down so that the composite parabolic concentrator enters a larger effective incident angle region, thereby increasing the amount of light received by the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device and thus improving the evaporation rate and desalination efficiency.

[0035] When the demand for electricity exceeds the demand for fresh water, the photovoltaic modules are moved upwards to allow them to receive more direct irradiation, while reducing the incident energy of the seawater desalination device through interfacial evaporation, thus prioritizing the output of electricity.

[0036] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0037] Based on historical sunshine sequences, freshwater demand curves, meteorological forecast data, and the real-time operating status of the aforementioned fixed concentrated solar power combined heat and water system, a multi-objective prediction model for electricity, heat, and freshwater is constructed.

[0038] The optimal capacity allocation strategy for the future target period is calculated using the above multi-objective prediction model. The optimal capacity allocation strategy includes the predicted value of photovoltaic module power generation, the predicted value of waste heat recovery, and the predicted value of the evaporation potential of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device.

[0039] Based on the above optimal capacity allocation strategy, the energy distribution ratio between the photovoltaic module and the interface evaporation seawater desalination device is adaptively adjusted through reinforcement learning or model predictive control algorithms, and the height, angle and waste heat recovery flow rate of the photovoltaic module are dynamically optimized.

[0040] In summary, traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal systems cannot effectively increase the energy density of solar energy under low or intermittent light conditions, leading to unstable power and heat supply. In contrast, this invention significantly improves the energy density of solar energy without a solar tracking system by employing a composite parabolic concentrator with a wide receiving angle. This concentrator efficiently concentrates solar energy, providing sufficient power and heat even under low light conditions. This allows the system to operate stably under varying light conditions, ensuring a stable heat supply during seawater desalination and improving the overall system efficiency. Traditional concentrated solar power (CSP) systems typically rely on solar tracking technology to increase energy density and ensure efficient utilization of solar radiation. However, tracking systems not only increase initial investment costs but also increase maintenance and operational complexity, especially in harsh environments such as islands, where the reliability and long-term stability of tracking systems face significant challenges. By adopting a fixed concentrator design, this invention avoids the use of a tracking system, simplifies the system structure, and reduces initial investment and subsequent maintenance costs. Furthermore, the fixed design improves system reliability, making it particularly suitable for special environments such as islands, significantly reducing operating costs and maintenance difficulty. In existing technologies, the waste heat generated by photovoltaic panels is often not effectively utilized, and photovoltaic systems and heat recovery systems are often operated separately, failing to achieve efficient synergy between photovoltaic and thermal energy. This invention utilizes the waste heat from the back of the photovoltaic panels for seawater preheating, and combines this with sunlight provided by concentrators to further heat the seawater, forming a highly efficient synergistic working mechanism between the photovoltaic and heat recovery systems. This mechanism not only improves the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cells but also significantly enhances the thermal efficiency of seawater desalination, maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. Compared to existing technologies, this invention effectively avoids energy waste, optimizes the comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic and thermal energy, and improves the overall system efficiency. Existing solar energy systems typically lack flexible adjustment mechanisms, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the output ratio according to changes in electricity, heat, and freshwater demand, leading to unreasonable resource allocation and affecting system efficiency. This invention provides a solution for flexibly adjusting the output ratio of electricity, heat, and freshwater by designing adjustable photovoltaic panels and waste heat recovery devices. The system can dynamically adjust the output of photovoltaic and thermal energy according to actual needs and optimize resource allocation under different operating conditions, ensuring that the output of electricity, heat, and freshwater always meets demand. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly improves the system's adaptability and resource utilization efficiency, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring dynamic adjustment, such as islands and offshore platforms. This invention employs a fixed concentrating system and a simplified design, avoiding the reliance on tracking equipment found in traditional solar energy systems, thereby greatly improving system stability and adaptability. Especially in resource-scarce and environmentally complex areas such as islands and offshore platforms, the system eliminates the need for complex mechanical devices and control algorithms, ensuring long-term stable operation and reducing system failure rates and maintenance costs.This not only improves system reliability but also reduces energy loss during long-term operation. By employing a split design, the concentrator and the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device are arranged separately, avoiding the problems of uneven heat distribution and excessively rapid local evaporation rates caused by gravity tilting in traditional integrated designs. Simultaneously, the interfacial evaporation device focuses sunlight and directly heats the evaporator, avoiding waste caused by sunlight reflection and uneven concentration, ensuring the uniformity of the evaporation process and improving seawater desalination efficiency. This invention, through a more efficient solar energy utilization method, not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces the waste of solar energy resources. Traditional solar thermal and photovoltaic systems often result in significant energy waste due to uneven energy distribution and underutilization of heat energy. By recovering waste heat from photovoltaic panels and coupling it with the solar thermal system, this invention effectively avoids energy waste, optimizes comprehensive energy utilization, and further enhances the environmental friendliness of solar energy and the sustainability of the system.

[0041] Other advantages, objectives and features of this application will be apparent in part from the description which follows, and in part from what those skilled in the art will understand through study and practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this specification. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system provided in this application embodiment;

[0044] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of an interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device in a fixed concentrating solar electric water heater combined production system provided in this application embodiment;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the capacity adjustment method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 1 The correspondence between the figure labels and figure titles in the accompanying drawings is as follows:

[0047] 10 - Composite parabolic concentrator, 20 - Photovoltaic module, 30 - Waste heat recovery device, 40 - Seawater preheating device, 50 - Interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device, 60 - Support body;

[0048] 501 - Heat absorption component, 5011 - Composite heat absorption core plate, 50111 - Heat absorption plate, 50112 - Heat conduction pipe, 5012 - Bottom reflector, 5013 - Glass plate, 5014 - Thermal insulation material;

[0049] 502 - Seawater desalination component, 5021 - Interface evaporator, 5022 - Preheated seawater heat exchange channel, 5023 - Condensation surface, 5024 - Seawater storage chamber, 5025 - Evaporation chamber, 5026 - Freshwater collection chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This application provides a structural schematic diagram of an interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device within a fixed concentrating solar-electric water heating combined cycle system. The system may specifically include:

[0052] The composite parabolic concentrator 10 adopts a fixed structure with a wide receiving angle and is used to statically concentrate solar radiation and output a concentrated beam.

[0053] A photovoltaic module 20 is disposed in front of or to the side of the aforementioned composite parabolic concentrator 10, and is used to receive sunlight from the non-concentrating part to generate electricity.

[0054] Waste heat recovery device 30 is installed close to the back of the photovoltaic module 20 to collect the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 20 during operation and transfer the waste heat to the seawater preheating device 40 based on the circulating heat exchange medium.

[0055] The seawater preheating device 40 is thermally connected to the waste heat recovery device 30 and is used to preheat the seawater that needs to be desalinated using the waste heat.

[0056] The interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50 is located at the focal position of the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens 20. It is used to receive the concentrated beam output by the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens 10 and convert it into evaporation heat to drive interfacial evaporation to generate steam and produce fresh water through condensation.

[0057] The aforementioned composite parabolic concentrator 10, photovoltaic module 20, waste heat recovery device 30, seawater preheating device 40, and interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50 are all fixedly connected to the support body 60.

[0058] For example, the fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system is arranged on the support body 60, forming a compact integrated device. The composite parabolic concentrator 10 adopts a fixed installation method with a wide receiving angle, which eliminates the need for a complex solar tracking mechanism. It can statically concentrate solar radiation within a large incident angle range, focusing the collected sunlight into a concentrated beam with high energy density, and then directionally projecting this concentrated beam onto the interface evaporation seawater desalination device 50 below.

[0059] Photovoltaic modules 20 are installed in front of or to the side of the composite parabolic concentrator 10. They generate photovoltaic power by utilizing the non-concentrated portion of solar radiation that is not concentrated by the concentrator, thus achieving zoned utilization of the same sky's irradiance. A waste heat recovery device 30 is arranged close to the back of the photovoltaic module 20. The waste heat recovery device 30 uses an internal circulating heat exchange medium to promptly remove the heat accumulated by the photovoltaic module 20 during operation. This reduces the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the recovered heat is transferred to a seawater preheating device 40, which is thermally connected to the device, to serve as a low-grade heat source for the seawater desalination process.

[0060] The seawater preheating device 40 receives heat from the waste heat recovery device 30 to preheat the raw seawater to be desalinated, ensuring its temperature is preheated before entering the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50, thereby reducing the additional heat input required for subsequent evaporation. The preheated seawater is then transported to the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50, located in the focal region of the composite parabolic condenser lens 10. In this device, the concentrated beam output from the condenser lens is directly converted into evaporation heat, acting on the interfacial evaporator for efficient evaporation. Simultaneously, an internal condensation structure condenses the water vapor generated during evaporation into freshwater, achieving the conversion of seawater into freshwater. Through the synergistic cooperation of these structures, the composite parabolic condenser lens 10, photovoltaic module 20, waste heat recovery device 30, seawater preheating device 40, and interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50 form a stable and reliable fixed triple-generation system on the support body 60, realizing the comprehensive utilization of solar-driven electricity output, heat recovery, and freshwater production.

[0061] In summary, traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal systems cannot effectively increase the energy density of solar energy under low or intermittent light conditions, leading to unstable power and heat supply. In contrast, this invention significantly improves the energy density of solar energy without a solar tracking system by employing a composite parabolic concentrator with a wide receiving angle. This concentrator efficiently concentrates solar energy, providing sufficient power and heat even under low light conditions. This allows the system to operate stably under varying light conditions, ensuring a stable heat supply during seawater desalination and improving the overall system efficiency. Traditional concentrated solar power (CSP) systems typically rely on solar tracking technology to increase energy density and ensure efficient utilization of solar radiation. However, tracking systems not only increase initial investment costs but also increase maintenance and operational complexity, especially in harsh environments such as islands, where the reliability and long-term stability of tracking systems face significant challenges. By adopting a fixed concentrator design, this invention avoids the use of a tracking system, simplifies the system structure, and reduces initial investment and subsequent maintenance costs. Furthermore, the fixed design improves system reliability, making it particularly suitable for special environments such as islands, significantly reducing operating costs and maintenance difficulty. In existing technologies, the waste heat generated by photovoltaic panels is often not effectively utilized, and photovoltaic systems and heat recovery systems are often operated separately, failing to achieve efficient synergy between photovoltaic and thermal energy. This invention utilizes the waste heat from the back of the photovoltaic panels for seawater preheating, and combines this with sunlight provided by concentrators to further heat the seawater, forming a highly efficient synergistic working mechanism between the photovoltaic and heat recovery systems. This mechanism not only improves the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cells but also significantly enhances the thermal efficiency of seawater desalination, maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. Compared to existing technologies, this invention effectively avoids energy waste, optimizes the comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic and thermal energy, and improves the overall system efficiency. Existing solar energy systems typically lack flexible adjustment mechanisms, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the output ratio according to changes in electricity, heat, and freshwater demand, leading to unreasonable resource allocation and affecting system efficiency. This invention provides a solution for flexibly adjusting the output ratio of electricity, heat, and freshwater by designing adjustable photovoltaic panels and waste heat recovery devices. The system can dynamically adjust the output of photovoltaic and thermal energy according to actual needs and optimize resource allocation under different operating conditions, ensuring that the output of electricity, heat, and freshwater always meets demand. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly improves the system's adaptability and resource utilization efficiency, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring dynamic adjustment, such as islands and offshore platforms. This invention employs a fixed concentrating system and a simplified design, avoiding the reliance on tracking equipment found in traditional solar energy systems, thereby greatly improving system stability and adaptability. Especially in resource-scarce and environmentally complex areas such as islands and offshore platforms, the system eliminates the need for complex mechanical devices and control algorithms, ensuring long-term stable operation and reducing system failure rates and maintenance costs.This not only improves system reliability but also reduces energy loss during long-term operation. By employing a split design, the concentrator and the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device are arranged separately, avoiding the problems of uneven heat distribution and excessively rapid local evaporation rates caused by gravity tilting in traditional integrated designs. Simultaneously, the interfacial evaporation device focuses sunlight and directly heats the evaporator, avoiding waste caused by sunlight reflection and uneven concentration, ensuring the uniformity of the evaporation process and improving seawater desalination efficiency. This invention, through a more efficient solar energy utilization method, not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces the waste of solar energy resources. Traditional solar thermal and photovoltaic systems often result in significant energy waste due to uneven energy distribution and underutilization of heat energy. By recovering waste heat from photovoltaic panels and coupling it with the solar thermal system, this invention effectively avoids energy waste, optimizes comprehensive energy utilization, and further enhances the environmental friendliness of solar energy and the sustainability of the system.

[0062] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50 includes: a heat absorption component 501 and a seawater desalination component 502;

[0063] The aforementioned heat-absorbing component 501 includes a composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011, which includes a heat-absorbing plate 50111 and a heat-conducting pipe 50112. The heat-conducting pipe 50112 is embedded in the heat-absorbing plate 50111 and is also connected to the interface evaporator 5021 of the aforementioned seawater desalination component 502.

[0064] For example, the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50 is further subdivided into a heat-absorbing component 501 and a seawater desalination component 502, which together constitute the core structure for evaporation and condensation driven by solar energy. The heat-absorbing component 501 uses a composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011 as the main heat-absorbing component. The composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011 is composed of a heat-absorbing plate 50111 and an embedded heat-conducting pipe 50112. The heat-absorbing plate 50111 is used to directly receive the high-energy beam of light focused by the composite parabolic condenser lens 10, and quickly convert the radiant energy into heat energy. The heat-conducting pipe 50112 is embedded inside the heat-absorbing plate, forming a tight thermal contact interface with it, so that the heat inside the heat-absorbing plate can be efficiently transferred through the heat-conducting pipe.

[0065] One end or a section of the heat pipe 50112 is thermally connected to the interface evaporator 5021 in the seawater desalination assembly 502, enabling the photothermal energy acquired by the heat-absorbing component 501 to be stably and controllably delivered to the interface evaporator 5021. As the core evaporation component of the seawater desalination assembly 502, the interface evaporator 5021 draws seawater from the seawater storage section to its surface through capillary action, and rapidly achieves surface evaporation driven by heat absorption. Because the heat-absorbing component 501 provides concentrated and continuous heat, the interface evaporator 5021 is always in a highly efficient evaporation state, significantly improving the evaporation rate and desalination efficiency.

[0066] Through the above structure, this embodiment achieves close coupling of the three processes of photothermal absorption, heat conduction, and interfacial evaporation. The composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011 ensures that light energy is fully absorbed and converted into heat energy, the heat-conducting pipe 50112 ensures that heat is delivered to the evaporation area in a timely manner, and the interfacial evaporator 5021 effectively uses the heat energy to evaporate seawater, forming an efficient and stable interfacial evaporation desalination path. The overall structure is simple, the heat transfer link is short, and the energy loss is small, making it suitable for long-term operation and significantly improving the overall performance of the solar seawater desalination device.

[0067] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned seawater desalination component 502 further includes a preheating seawater heat exchange channel 5022, a condensation surface 5023, a seawater storage chamber 5024, an evaporation chamber 5025, and a freshwater collection chamber 5026.

[0068] The aforementioned interface evaporator 5021 is located between the aforementioned seawater storage chamber 5024 and the aforementioned evaporation chamber 5025;

[0069] The aforementioned condensation surface 5023 is inclined, the aforementioned freshwater collection chamber 5026 is located at the bottom end of the aforementioned condensation surface 5023, and the aforementioned preheated seawater heat exchange channel 5022 is located above the aforementioned condensation surface 5023. The aforementioned preheated seawater heat exchange channel 5022 is also connected between the aforementioned seawater preheating device 40 and the aforementioned seawater storage chamber 5024 via a pipeline.

[0070] For example, the seawater desalination component 502 adopts a compartmentalized arrangement and a multi-stage heat exchange structure to achieve continuous operation of seawater transport, interface evaporation, steam diversion, condensation, and freshwater collection. The component includes a preheated seawater heat exchange channel 5022, a condensation surface 5023, a seawater storage chamber 5024, an evaporation chamber 5025, and a freshwater collection chamber 5026. These functional units are sequentially arranged according to the thermal flow sequence to achieve efficient cascade utilization of solar thermal energy during the desalination process.

[0071] The seawater storage chamber 5024 is used to store seawater that has been preheated by the seawater preheating device 40. The storage chamber 5024 is connected to the interface evaporator 5021 through capillary channels or a hydrophilic support structure, allowing seawater to be continuously transported to the surface of the interface evaporator without additional power. The interface evaporator 5021 is located between the seawater storage chamber 5024 and the evaporation chamber 5025, drawing seawater from the storage chamber to its evaporation surface through capillary action, and achieving efficient interface evaporation driven by the heat provided by the heat absorption component 501.

[0072] Evaporation chamber 5025 is used to contain water vapor generated by the evaporation of interface evaporator 5021. Its top is arranged correspondingly to condensation surface 5023 through an airflow channel. Condensation surface 5023 is inclined so that the condensed fresh water flows downward along its surface under gravity. Above condensation surface 5023 is preheated seawater heat exchange channel 5022, in which low-temperature seawater from photovoltaic waste heat recovery system flows. Heat exchange channel 5022 is in close contact with condensation surface 5023, so that it can absorb the latent heat of steam as a condensing medium, promoting rapid condensation of steam. On the other hand, it further preheats the seawater flowing in it, raising its temperature before returning to seawater storage chamber 5024, improving overall energy utilization.

[0073] The condensed fresh water slides down the inclined condensation surface 5023 to its bottom and eventually flows into the fresh water collection chamber 5026 located at the bottom. When the fresh water volume reaches a set height, it can be collected centrally through a drainage pipe or a fresh water diversion path.

[0074] Through the above structural arrangement, a complete thermodynamic cycle path of seawater preheating, interface evaporation, steam condensation, and freshwater collection is realized. Specifically, the pipeline connection between the preheated seawater heat exchange channel 5022 and the seawater preheating device 40 further forms a closed-loop heat exchange structure, enabling the cascade coupling of photovoltaic waste heat, steam condensation heat, and the seawater evaporation process, significantly improving the system's overall solar energy utilization efficiency and desalination production rate. Simultaneously, the inclined condensation surface and segmented chamber structure ensure stable condensation efficiency and smooth airflow, contributing to increased overall freshwater production and guaranteeing long-term operational reliability.

[0075] In one feasible implementation, the heat-absorbing component 501 further includes a bottom reflector 5012, a glass plate 5013, and a heat-insulating material 5014;

[0076] The bottom and sides of the heat-absorbing plate 50111 of the composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011 are wrapped with the above-mentioned heat-insulating material 5014, and the above-mentioned glass plate 5013 is placed on the heat-insulating material 5014 on the side to form a sealed cavity.

[0077] A bottom reflector 5012 is provided on the periphery of the glass plate 5013.

[0078] For example, in order to further improve the photothermal utilization efficiency of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device 50, the heat absorption component 501 is equipped with a bottom reflector 5012, a glass plate 5013 and a heat insulation material 5014 on the basis of the composite heat absorption core plate 5011. Through the triple structure of heat absorption, reflection and heat insulation, the concentrated light energy is fully captured and efficiently utilized.

[0079] In the composite heat-absorbing core plate 5011, the heat-absorbing plate 50111 serves as the main heat-absorbing surface, with its bottom and sides covered with insulation material 5014. The insulation material 5014 reduces heat loss from the heat-absorbing plate 50111 to the external environment, forming an effective thermal insulation layer. This ensures that the absorbed solar energy is primarily used for heating the evaporator rather than ineffectively dissipating heat to the environment. This covering structure not only improves heat absorption efficiency but also ensures a more uniform temperature distribution within the heat-absorbing plate, which is beneficial to the stability of the evaporation process.

[0080] A glass plate 5013 is installed on the outside of the side insulation material 5014 of the heat absorber plate 50111. The glass plate 5013 forms a sealed cavity, which further enhances the local thermal field intensity through the greenhouse effect. The presence of the glass plate restricts the rapid dissipation of internal heat, creating a local high-temperature zone around the heat absorber plate and maintaining a high-temperature environment in the evaporation zone by suppressing convective heat loss. In addition, the glass plate 5013 can enhance light transmittance efficiency and, to some extent, block the erosion of the heat absorber structure by dust and moisture, improving the long-term reliability of the device.

[0081] A bottom reflector 5012 is disposed around the periphery of the glass plate 5013 to reflect unabsorbed scattered light or partially transmitted light a second time, allowing it to be re-projected back onto the heat absorber 50111 or the interface evaporation region. This reflective structure effectively expands the heat absorption area, improves the utilization rate of incident light, and reduces energy loss due to light deflection or beam diffusion. The bottom reflector, together with the heat absorber and the glass plate, forms a photothermal enhancement space with multiple reflections and absorptions, ensuring full utilization of light energy within the focusing area.

[0082] Through the above structural combination, this embodiment achieves enhanced heat absorption and optimized thermal management. The insulation material 5014 provides thermal insulation, the glass plate 5013 forms a local greenhouse space, and the bottom reflector 5012 realizes secondary light energy recovery. The three work together to create an efficient and stable photothermal conversion environment for the heat-absorbing component 501 during the interfacial evaporation desalination process, significantly improving the evaporation rate and freshwater production, and ensuring the durable operation of the device in high humidity and high salinity environments.

[0083] In one feasible implementation, the aforementioned composite parabolic condenser lens 10 adopts a split modular structure, consisting of multiple detachable sub-lenses, the receiving angle, radius of curvature, and installation angle of each of the aforementioned sub-lenses being independently adjustable.

[0084] For example, the composite parabolic condenser 10 adopts a split modular structure, with multiple detachable sub-lenses as basic units to form the overall condensing surface. Each sub-lens is installed on the bracket body 60 through an independent fixing interface, which is flexible in installation. Its receiving angle, radius of curvature and installation angle can be adjusted individually according to the actual use environment, thereby significantly enhancing the adaptability of the condenser under different lighting conditions.

[0085] Specifically, the receiving angle of the sub-lens can be set by adjusting its tilt angle relative to the optical axis to adapt to the changes in the sun's altitude angle in different seasons and times; the radius of curvature can be selected according to the height of the focusing point and the location of the evaporation device to ensure that each sub-lens achieves optimal light convergence in the target area; the installation angle can be finely adjusted by rotating or adjusting the support to correct the optical path deviation and ensure that the concentrated beam is stably and accurately projected onto the interface evaporation seawater desalination device 50.

[0086] Through the aforementioned modular construction, the composite parabolic condenser 10 can be quickly configured according to the latitude differences or seasonal changes of the usage area without replacing the entire structure, thereby improving the light-gathering efficiency. Simultaneously, when a sub-lens is damaged or its performance degrades, it can be individually disassembled and replaced without affecting the overall system operation, further improving system maintenance convenience and long-term reliability. Overall, this modular design not only enhances the flexibility and adjustability of fixed condensing systems but also significantly improves solar energy capture efficiency, meeting the stable light-gathering requirements of different environments such as islands and coastal areas.

[0087] In one feasible implementation, the aforementioned fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system also includes an intelligent control unit;

[0088] The aforementioned intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the aforementioned photovoltaic module, the aforementioned waste heat recovery device, the aforementioned seawater preheating device, and the aforementioned interface evaporation seawater desalination device, respectively. It is used to automatically adjust the angle of the aforementioned photovoltaic module, the heat exchange flow rate, and the concentrated energy distribution strategy based on real-time monitoring data of light intensity, the aforementioned photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, and freshwater production, so as to achieve optimal production capacity control of the aforementioned system under different light conditions.

[0089] For example, the fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system further includes an intelligent control unit. As the core control module of the system, the intelligent control unit establishes data interaction and control connections with the photovoltaic module, waste heat recovery device, seawater preheating device and interface evaporation seawater desalination device through communication links. It is used to monitor and dynamically adjust the overall system operation status in real time, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of electricity, heat and freshwater production.

[0090] Specifically, the intelligent control unit continuously collects key operating parameters such as light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, internal thermal state of the evaporation chamber, and freshwater production, and constructs a comprehensive operating model of the system based on this real-time data. When the light intensity is high, the intelligent control unit can automatically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic modules to maximize their irradiance while optimizing waste heat recovery efficiency. When the photovoltaic module temperature rises above a set threshold, the intelligent control unit can increase the flow rate of the circulating heat exchange medium to enhance heat dissipation and prevent a decrease in photovoltaic efficiency.

[0091] In terms of thermal energy management, the intelligent control unit dynamically adjusts the heat exchange flow rate of the seawater preheating device based on the seawater temperature and the heat demand of the evaporation chamber, achieving a reasonable distribution of waste heat and concentrated solar energy, thus ensuring a stable and suitable evaporation heat for the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device. When freshwater demand is high or evaporation efficiency is insufficient, the intelligent control unit can adjust the concentrated solar energy distribution strategy, allowing more concentrated solar energy to be used for heating the evaporation chamber, thereby increasing freshwater production. Conversely, when electricity demand is higher, the angle or position of the photovoltaic modules can be appropriately adjusted to allow the photovoltaic modules to receive more direct sunlight, achieving priority power output.

[0092] Through the aforementioned control mechanism, the intelligent control unit achieves dynamic balance and optimal resource allocation for the entire solar combined cycle power system, enabling the system to operate in its optimal state under different lighting conditions, loads, and demand environments, significantly improving energy utilization efficiency and overall system performance. In this embodiment, the intelligent control unit not only enhances the system's adaptability and operational stability but also significantly reduces the burden of manual adjustment, achieving truly intelligent and automated control of the solar combined cycle power system.

[0093] Secondly, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also proposes a capacity adjustment method for a stationary concentrating solar combined heat and water system as described in any of the first aspects, the method comprising:

[0094] S210: Collects operating parameters for light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, evaporation chamber temperature, and freshwater production.

[0095] S220. Based on the above light intensity and the above photovoltaic module temperature, determine the real-time operating status of the above photovoltaic module and calculate the photovoltaic waste heat.

[0096] S230. Control the flow rate of the circulating heat exchange medium in the above-mentioned waste heat recovery device to regulate the heat transferred to the above-mentioned seawater preheating device.

[0097] S240. Based on the above-mentioned evaporation chamber temperature and the above-mentioned freshwater production, adjust the condensation heat exchange flow rate of the above-mentioned interface evaporation seawater desalination device to keep the steam condensation efficiency matched with the desalination load, thereby realizing the coordinated output regulation of electrical energy, heat energy and freshwater.

[0098] For example, in step S210, the system collects multiple key operating parameters in real time through the intelligent control unit, including light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, evaporation chamber temperature, and freshwater production. These parameters constitute the basic data source for the operating status of different modules, used for subsequent energy flow analysis and control strategy judgment. Real-time collection of these parameters can reflect the current environmental conditions, photovoltaic power generation status, seawater heating degree, and desalination device water production efficiency, providing a reliable basis for dynamic adjustment.

[0099] In step S220, the system determines the current operating status of the photovoltaic module based on the light intensity and the photovoltaic module temperature, and calculates the remaining heat. Photovoltaic modules output a significant amount of electrical energy under high irradiance conditions, but simultaneously generate a substantial temperature rise. If this heat is not recovered in a timely manner, it will not only waste energy but also reduce photovoltaic power generation efficiency. By accurately calculating the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic system, the system can monitor the amount of thermal energy available for seawater preheating in real time, serving as a crucial input for subsequent thermal energy regulation.

[0100] In step S230, the intelligent control unit regulates the flow rate of the circulating heat exchange medium in the waste heat recovery device to dynamically control the heat transferred to the seawater preheating device. When the seawater temperature is low or the heat demand of the evaporation chamber increases, the system increases the flow rate of the heat medium to enhance waste heat recovery; conversely, when the heat in the evaporation chamber is sufficient or the temperature of the photovoltaic module is low, the flow rate can be appropriately reduced to avoid excessive recovery and energy mismatch. This regulation method achieves precise matching between photovoltaic waste heat and seawater preheating load, improving the overall thermal energy utilization efficiency.

[0101] In step S240, the system adjusts the condensation heat exchange flow rate of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination unit based on the evaporation chamber temperature and freshwater production to ensure that the steam condensation efficiency matches the evaporation load. When the evaporation chamber temperature is high and the steam production increases, the system increases the condensation heat exchange flow rate to ensure timely steam condensation and increase freshwater production. Conversely, when the evaporation rate decreases or the freshwater demand decreases, the condensation flow rate can be appropriately reduced to avoid energy waste. In addition, adjusting the condensation heat exchange flow rate can also affect the preheated seawater temperature, thereby indirectly regulating the thermal balance of the entire desalination system and achieving synergistic optimization among electrical energy, thermal energy, and freshwater production.

[0102] Through the above steps, the capacity adjustment method provided in this embodiment achieves dynamic coupling between photovoltaic waste heat utilization, seawater preheating, steam generation, and condensate desalination, enabling the system to automatically adjust the allocation ratio of each energy form according to changes in sunlight conditions and differences in user demand. This method allows the solar-electric-water combined heat and power system to maintain stable and efficient operation in variable environments, not only improving energy utilization but also enhancing the system's intelligence and adaptability, demonstrating significant practical value and innovation.

[0103] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0104] The steam pressure and condensation surface temperature inside the steam guide chamber of the above-mentioned interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device were measured.

[0105] When the steam pressure exceeds the preset threshold, the seawater flow rate in the preheated seawater heat exchange channel is automatically increased to enhance the cooling capacity of the condenser surface.

[0106] For example, the system continuously monitors the steam pressure in the steam guide chamber and the temperature of the condensation surface in the interface evaporation seawater desalination device. When the steam pressure inside the steam guide chamber exceeds a preset threshold, it means that the amount of steam generated by evaporation is large, while the current condensation efficiency may be insufficient. If not handled in time, this could lead to excessive heat load on the condensation surface, limited freshwater production, or even safety hazards to the device. To address this, the system automatically increases the seawater flow rate in the preheated seawater heat exchange channel to enhance the cooling capacity of the condensation surface, thereby improving the condensation efficiency in a timely manner. This ensures the continuous and stable operation of the steam condensation process and simultaneously achieves further preheating of the seawater, improving the overall energy recovery efficiency of the system.

[0107] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0108] Based on the above light intensity and freshwater demand, the height position of the photovoltaic module relative to the support body is controlled by the intelligent control unit.

[0109] When the demand for fresh water exceeds the demand for electricity, the photovoltaic modules are moved down so that the composite parabolic concentrator enters a larger effective incident angle region, thereby increasing the amount of light received by the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device and thus improving the evaporation rate and desalination efficiency.

[0110] When the demand for electricity exceeds the demand for fresh water, the photovoltaic modules are moved upwards to allow them to receive more direct irradiation, while reducing the incident energy of the seawater desalination device through interfacial evaporation, thus prioritizing the output of electricity.

[0111] For example, in another feasible approach, the system also dynamically adjusts the height of the photovoltaic modules relative to the support structure through an intelligent control unit based on the light intensity and freshwater demand. When the system determines that the current freshwater demand is higher than the electricity demand, the photovoltaic modules are lowered through a control mechanism, allowing the composite parabolic concentrator to obtain a larger effective incident angle area. This concentrates more solar radiation energy onto the interface evaporation seawater desalination device, increasing the light and heat intensity received by the evaporation chamber, significantly improving the evaporation rate and desalination efficiency, and ensuring the freshwater supply capacity.

[0112] Conversely, when the system determines that the demand for electricity is higher than the demand for fresh water, it will move the photovoltaic modules upwards, placing them in a more direct solar radiation area to receive more direct sunlight that is not concentrated and reflected by the concentrator, thus enhancing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. At the same time, by increasing the height of the photovoltaic panels, the incident energy of the seawater desalination device through interfacial evaporation is reduced, allowing more solar radiation to be used for power output, thus achieving an electricity-first strategy.

[0113] Through the aforementioned dual regulation mechanism, this embodiment enables dynamic allocation between the solar thermal utilization side and the photovoltaic side, intelligently switching and balancing between electricity and freshwater production according to actual needs. Regardless of changes in external lighting conditions, the system can adaptively adjust the light-receiving structure and thermal management structure in real time to ensure optimal synergistic output of electricity, heat, and freshwater. This mechanism not only significantly improves the accuracy and response speed of capacity regulation but also demonstrates high intelligence and practicality, making the overall system better suited for application environments with complex requirements, such as islands, offshore platforms, and remote areas.

[0114] In one feasible implementation, it further includes:

[0115] Based on historical sunshine sequences, freshwater demand curves, meteorological forecast data, and the real-time operating status of the aforementioned fixed concentrated solar power combined heat and water system, a multi-objective prediction model for electricity, heat, and freshwater is constructed.

[0116] The optimal capacity allocation strategy for the future target period is calculated using the above multi-objective prediction model. The optimal capacity allocation strategy includes the predicted value of photovoltaic module power generation, the predicted value of waste heat recovery, and the predicted value of the evaporation potential of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device.

[0117] Based on the above optimal capacity allocation strategy, the energy distribution ratio between the photovoltaic module and the interface evaporation seawater desalination device is adaptively adjusted through reinforcement learning or model predictive control algorithms, and the height, angle and waste heat recovery flow rate of the photovoltaic module are dynamically optimized.

[0118] For example, to ensure the efficient and coordinated operation of stationary concentrated solar power (CSP) combined hydropower (CSP) systems under complex and variable environmental conditions and load demands, an advanced control mechanism based on prediction and intelligent decision-making has been introduced. This mechanism constructs a multi-objective prediction model for electricity, heat, and freshwater, and combines it with reinforcement learning or model predictive control algorithms to conduct forward-looking analysis of future capacity demand and supply, thereby achieving intelligent optimization and adjustment of energy distribution between photovoltaic modules and the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination unit.

[0119] Specifically, a multi-objective prediction model for electricity, heat, and freshwater is constructed based on historical sunshine sequences, freshwater demand curves, meteorological forecast data, and real-time operational data of a fixed concentrated solar power (CSP) combined heat and power (CHP) system. Historical sunshine sequences characterize the variation patterns of sunlight intensity in different seasons and time periods; freshwater demand curves reflect the diurnal and periodic water consumption fluctuations of target application scenarios (e.g., domestic water use for island residents, production water use for offshore platforms); meteorological forecast data (including information on sunshine duration, cloud cover, and temperature for a future period) is used to predict upcoming sunshine conditions; and real-time system operational status, including current photovoltaic module output power, waste heat recovery efficiency, seawater preheating temperature, evaporator and condenser surface temperatures, and instantaneous freshwater production, is used to correct prediction biases in the model. By fusing and modeling the above multi-source data, a multi-objective prediction model can be established that simultaneously describes the changing trends of electricity supply capacity, heat supply capacity, and freshwater production capacity.

[0120] Based on this multi-objective prediction model, this embodiment further calculates the optimal capacity allocation strategy within the future target time period. The optimal capacity allocation strategy, within a preset time window (e.g., the next 1 hour, 3 hours, or 1 day), comprehensively considers electricity load demand, freshwater demand, and system thermal balance constraints to solve for the predicted values ​​of photovoltaic module power generation, waste heat recovery, and the evaporation potential of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device. The predicted photovoltaic module power generation is used to assess the upper limit of electricity output under specific illumination conditions and module orientation (height, angle); the predicted waste heat recovery is used to determine the scale of usable waste heat that the photovoltaic modules can provide to the seawater preheating system while ensuring electricity output; the predicted evaporation potential of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device comprehensively considers the preheated seawater temperature, concentrated incident energy, and evaporation chamber heat exchange conditions to determine the achievable range of freshwater production within a specific time period.

[0121] After obtaining the optimal capacity allocation strategy, this embodiment further employs reinforcement learning or model predictive control algorithms to adaptively adjust the system's control variables based on the prediction results. Specifically, by using photovoltaic module height, photovoltaic module angle, waste heat recovery flow rate, and concentrated energy allocation ratio as controllable decision variables, and with the optimization objectives of "meeting future electricity and freshwater demands, improving overall energy efficiency, and reducing operational fluctuations," a corresponding optimization control problem is constructed. The model predictive control algorithm can predict system behavior in each control cycle and solve for the optimal control quantity at the current moment, provided that physical constraints and equipment safety limitations are met. The reinforcement learning algorithm, through continuous interaction with the environment, learns the optimal control strategy under different lighting and load scenarios, achieving strategy optimization without the need for precise mathematical models.

[0122] In practice, when the forecast results show that the freshwater demand is significantly higher than the electricity demand in a certain target period, the control algorithm will appropriately increase the energy allocation ratio of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device based on the evaporation potential given by the multi-objective prediction model. For example, by reducing the height of the photovoltaic modules and increasing the effective incident angle range of the composite parabolic concentrator, the amount of light received by the evaporation chamber can be increased. At the same time, the waste heat recovery flow rate can be appropriately increased to enhance the seawater preheating effect, so that the freshwater production capacity can be increased in advance. Conversely, when the forecast indicates that the future electricity load is high and the freshwater demand is relatively low, the control algorithm will adjust the photovoltaic modules to a position and orientation that is more conducive to power generation (such as raising the height and optimizing the tilt angle), reducing the allocation of concentrated energy to the evaporation end, so as to achieve electricity priority.

[0123] Through the aforementioned prediction-decision-execution closed loop, this embodiment can not only passively track and adjust the current system state, but also proactively pre-adjust based on future trends in sunlight and demand. This effectively avoids power or freshwater shortages caused by sudden changes in sunlight or load, significantly reducing system operational fluctuations. Simultaneously, the introduction of a multi-objective prediction model and intelligent control algorithms enables highly coordinated and optimized allocation of electricity, heat, and freshwater production across both time and energy dimensions, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency and intelligence level of the stationary concentrated solar power (CSP) combined heat and power (CHP) system in complex application scenarios.

[0124] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A capacity adjustment method for a stationary concentrated solar power (CSP) combined heat and water system, characterized in that, The fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system includes: The composite parabolic concentrator, with a fixed structure and wide receiving angle, is used to statically concentrate solar radiation and output a focused beam. A photovoltaic module is disposed in front of or to the side of the composite parabolic concentrator to receive sunlight from the non-concentrating part to generate electricity. The waste heat recovery device is installed close to the back of the photovoltaic module to collect the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module during operation and transfer the waste heat to the seawater preheating device based on the circulating heat exchange medium. A seawater preheating device, thermally connected to the waste heat recovery device, is used to preheat the seawater that needs to be desalinated using the waste heat. The interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device is located at the focal zone of the composite parabolic condenser lens. It is used to receive the concentrated beam output by the composite parabolic condenser lens and convert it into evaporation heat to drive interfacial evaporation to generate steam and produce fresh water through condensation. The composite parabolic concentrator, the photovoltaic module, the waste heat recovery device, the seawater preheating device, and the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device are all fixedly connected to the support body. The composite parabolic condenser lens adopts a split modular structure, consisting of multiple detachable sub-lenses, and the receiving angle, radius of curvature, and installation angle of each sub-lens can be adjusted independently; The fixed concentrating solar combined heat and water system also includes an intelligent control unit; The intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the photovoltaic module, the waste heat recovery device, the seawater preheating device, and the interface evaporation seawater desalination device, respectively. It is used to automatically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module, the heat exchange flow rate, and the concentration energy distribution strategy based on real-time monitoring data of light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, and freshwater production, so as to achieve optimal production capacity control of the system under different light conditions. The capacity adjustment method includes: Collect operating parameters such as light intensity, photovoltaic module temperature, seawater temperature, evaporation chamber temperature, and freshwater production. Based on the light intensity and the temperature of the photovoltaic module, the real-time operating status of the photovoltaic module is determined and the waste heat of the photovoltaic module is calculated. The waste heat recovery device is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the circulating heat exchange medium in order to regulate the heat transferred to the seawater preheating device; Based on the evaporation chamber temperature and the freshwater output, the condensation heat exchange flow rate of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device is adjusted to match the steam condensation efficiency with the desalination load, thereby achieving coordinated output regulation of electrical energy, thermal energy and freshwater. The aforementioned capacity adjustment method further includes: Based on the light intensity and the freshwater production, the height position of the photovoltaic module relative to the support body is controlled by the intelligent control unit. When the demand for fresh water exceeds the demand for electricity, the photovoltaic module is moved down so that the composite parabolic concentrator enters a larger effective incident angle region, thereby increasing the amount of light received by the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device and thus improving the evaporation rate and desalination efficiency. When the demand for electricity is higher than the demand for fresh water, the photovoltaic modules are moved upwards to allow them to receive more direct irradiance, while reducing the incident energy of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device, so as to achieve priority output of electricity. The method further includes: Based on historical sunshine sequences, freshwater demand curves, meteorological forecast data, and the real-time operating status of the fixed concentrated solar power combined heat and water system, a multi-objective prediction model for electricity-heat-freshwater is constructed. The optimal capacity allocation strategy for the future target period is calculated using the multi-objective prediction model, wherein the optimal capacity allocation strategy includes the predicted value of photovoltaic module power generation, the predicted value of waste heat recovery, and the predicted value of the evaporation potential of the interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device. Based on the optimal capacity allocation strategy, the energy distribution ratio between the photovoltaic module and the interface evaporation seawater desalination device is adaptively adjusted through reinforcement learning or model predictive control algorithms, and the height, angle and waste heat recovery flow rate of the photovoltaic module are dynamically optimized.

2. The capacity adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interface evaporation seawater desalination device includes: a heat absorption component and a seawater desalination component; The heat-absorbing component includes a composite heat-absorbing core plate, which includes a heat-absorbing plate and a heat-conducting pipe. The heat-conducting pipe is embedded in the heat-absorbing plate and is also connected to the interface evaporator of the seawater desalination component.

3. The capacity adjustment method according to claim 2, wherein the seawater desalination assembly further includes a preheated seawater heat exchange channel, a condensation surface, a seawater storage chamber, an evaporation chamber, and a freshwater collection chamber; The interface evaporator is located between the seawater storage chamber and the evaporation chamber; The condensation surface is inclined, the freshwater collection chamber is located at the bottom of the condensation surface, and the preheated seawater heat exchange channel is located above the condensation surface. The preheated seawater heat exchange channel is also connected between the seawater preheating device and the seawater storage chamber through a pipeline.

4. The capacity adjustment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat-absorbing component also includes a bottom reflector, a glass plate, and thermal insulation material; The bottom and sides of the heat-absorbing core plate of the composite heat-absorbing core plate are wrapped with the heat-insulating material, and the glass plate is placed on the heat-insulating material on the side to form a sealed cavity. Bottom reflectors are provided around the perimeter of the glass plate.

5. The capacity adjustment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The steam pressure and condensation surface temperature inside the steam guide chamber of the interface evaporation seawater desalination device are detected. When the steam pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the seawater flow rate in the preheated seawater heat exchange channel is automatically increased to enhance the cooling capacity of the condenser surface.

Images