Surface treatment method of ZTA ceramic particles

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface treatment method of ZTA ceramic particles, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) heating a solvent, adding a binder and an inhibitor into the solvent, and stirring to obtain a uniform solution; (2) reducing the heating temperature, adding metal powder into the uniform solution, and stirring to form a mixed solution; and (3) the mixed solution is sprayed to the surfaces of the ZTA ceramic particles in a spraying mode, in the spraying process, the ZTA ceramic particles are heated at the same time, and after the surfaces of the ZTA ceramic particles are completely coated with the metal powder with the metal luster, spraying is completed, and metal coating layers are formed on the surfaces of the ZTA ceramic particles. And (4) under the vacuum condition, the sprayed and coated ZTA ceramic particles are heated and subjected to heat preservation, and surface treatment of the ZTA ceramic particles is completed. After the ZTA ceramic particles are subjected to surface treatment, the wettability between the ZTA ceramic particles and a steel base body is effectively improved, the metal liquid infiltration performance of the steel base body is optimized, and therefore the bonding strength of the ZTA ceramic particles and the steel base body is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composite material preparation technology and relates to a surface treatment method for ZTA ceramic particles. Background Technology

[0002] ZTA ceramic particles (zirconia-toughened alumina ceramic particles) are often used as reinforcements in steel-based composite materials due to their high hardness and good fracture toughness, in order to improve the abrasive wear resistance of steel-based composite materials.

[0003] However, the poor wettability between ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix makes it difficult for molten metal to penetrate the steel matrix. This results in a mechanical bonding effect between the ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix, leading to low interfacial bonding strength and limiting further optimization of the overall performance of the steel-based composite material. Therefore, improving the wettability between ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix, optimizing the penetration ability of molten metal into the steel matrix, and thus improving the interfacial bonding strength between ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix are of great significance.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a surface treatment method for ZTA ceramic particles to effectively improve the wettability between ZTA ceramic particles and steel substrates, while enhancing the penetration ability of molten steel, thereby significantly improving the bonding effect between ZTA ceramic particles and steel substrates, and allowing the strengthening effect of ZTA ceramic particles on steel substrates to be more fully realized. Currently, metallization treatment on the surface of ZTA particles using chemical plating involves complex processes such as roughening, sensitization, activation, and chemical plating. The preparation process requires a large amount of strong acids and alkalis and solutions containing heavy metals, and the waste is difficult to dispose of, causing serious environmental pollution, which in turn restricts the application of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems in the prior art, the present invention improves the wettability between the steel matrix and ZTA ceramic particles by forming a metal coating layer on the ZTA surface, optimizes the metal liquid infiltration effect of the steel matrix, and strengthens the interfacial bonding strength between ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: This invention provides a surface treatment method for ZTA ceramic particles, the surface treatment method comprising the following steps: (1) Take the solvent and heat it in sections. While maintaining the heating state, add the binder and inhibitor to the solvent and stir until the binder and inhibitor are completely dissolved to obtain a homogeneous solution.

[0007] (2) Reduce the heating temperature in step (1), add metal powder to the homogeneous solution and stir to form a mixed solution.

[0008] The cooling rate is 20~30℃ / min.

[0009] (3) The mixed solution obtained in step (2) is sprayed onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles by spraying. During the spraying process, the ZTA ceramic particles are heated at the same time. When the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles is completely covered by metal powder with a metallic luster, the spraying is completed and a metal coating layer is formed on the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles.

[0010] (4) Under vacuum conditions, the ZTA ceramic particles that have been sprayed in step (3) are heated and kept warm to complete the surface treatment of the ZTA ceramic particles.

[0011] Preferably, the solvent is isopropanol, the adhesive is acrylic resin, and the inhibitor is polyethylene glycol.

[0012] Preferably, the solvent is used at 400% to 500% of the mass of ZTA ceramic particles, the binder is added at 1% to 6% of the mass of metal powder, and the inhibitor is added at 0.5% to 2.5% of the mass of metal powder.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the solvent is first heated to 200°C at a heating rate of 30~50°C / min, and then the solvent is heated to 270-300°C at a heating rate of 15~20°C / min.

[0014] To prevent the solvent from boiling and splashing due to excessively rapid heating rate at high temperatures.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the stirring speed is 200 r / min to 300 r / min and the stirring time is 10 to 20 min.

[0016] Preferably, the metal powder includes at least one of Ni, Cr, Cu, and Ti, and the mass of the metal powder added is 30% to 70% of the mass of the ZTA ceramic particles.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the heating temperature is reduced to 90-100°C.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the spraying pressure is 0.05-0.5 MPa.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the temperature at which the ZTA ceramic particles are heated is 50-70°C.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the heating temperature is 250~300℃, the holding time is 3~5h, and the vacuum degree is 5~10Pa.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the metal cladding layer is 0.02~0.5mm.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention effectively improves the wettability between ZTA ceramic particles and the steel matrix by constructing a metal powder coating layer on the surface of ZTA ceramic particles. The coating layer bonds the ZTA ceramic particles together, and during the impregnation process of molten steel, the metal powder on the particle surface melts into the molten metal, thereby forming a casting infiltration channel. This improves the impregnation capacity of the molten metal (especially alloy steel), strengthens the interfacial bonding strength between the steel matrix and the ZTA ceramic particles, and allows the reinforcing effect of the ZTA ceramic particles to be fully utilized. This overcomes the limitation of interfacial bonding strength on the overall performance improvement of steel-based composite materials, and further enhances the overall performance of steel-based composite materials.

[0023] 2. This invention uses isopropanol as a solvent, acrylic resin as a binder, and polyethylene glycol as an inhibitor to uniformly disperse metal powder in the solvent, while ensuring that the solution has a certain viscosity to facilitate subsequent spraying.

[0024] 3. This invention uses heating to dissolve the binder, which firmly and uniformly coats the metal powder onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles, forming a dense metal powder coating layer. This makes the coating layer more stable and allows it to fully exert its function of improving wettability and enhancing the penetration ability of molten steel.

[0025] 4. By adding a polyethylene glycol inhibitor, this invention can effectively suppress liquid boiling and splashing during the melting and heating process, providing a safety guarantee for the ZTA ceramic surface treatment process.

[0026] 5. Compared with chemical plating processes, which involve complex processes such as roughening, sensitization, and activation, and require large amounts of strong acids and alkalis and solutions containing heavy metals, resulting in difficult waste disposal and serious environmental pollution, this invention constructs a metal coating layer on the surface of ZTA ceramic particles through spraying, which effectively simplifies the preparation process. Furthermore, the spraying process does not require the use of chemical reagents and does not generate waste gas, making it highly environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a photograph of ZTA ceramic particles after surface treatment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3This is a microscopic morphology image of ZTA ceramic particles after surface treatment in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a photograph of ZTA ceramic particles after surface treatment in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a microscopic morphology image of ZTA ceramic particles after surface treatment in Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the content described.

[0029] In the comparative examples of this invention, unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents used in the experiments were commercially available analytical grade.

[0030] Example 1 In this embodiment, the ZTA ceramic particles are surface-treated according to the following method: (1) Weigh 200g of ZTA ceramic particles, 80g of Ni powder (40%), 3.2g of acrylic resin (4%), 0.4g of polyethylene glycol (0.5%), and measure 800g of isopropanol (400%).

[0031] (2) The isopropanol solvent is heated to 200°C at a heating rate of 30°C / min, and then heated to 270°C at a heating rate of 15°C / min. Acrylic resin binder and polyethylene glycol inhibitor are added to it, and then stirred at a stirring speed of 220r / min by stirring blades. After stirring for 12min, the binder and inhibitor are completely dissolved.

[0032] (3) Reduce the heating temperature from 270℃ to 90℃ at a cooling rate of 20℃ / min, add Ni powder and stir to make the Ni powder more uniformly dispersed in the solution to form a mixed solution.

[0033] (4) Use a spraying device to uniformly spray the mixed solution onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles at a spraying pressure of 0.25 MPa. During the spraying process, heat the ZTA ceramic particles to 60°C until the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles is completely covered with Ni powder with a dark black metallic luster, and the spraying is completed.

[0034] (5) Place the ZTA ceramic particles coated with Ni powder into a vacuum drying oven, set the vacuum degree to 8 Pa, heat to 260℃ and keep warm for 3 hours to complete the surface treatment of ZTA ceramic particles and obtain ZTA ceramic particles.

[0035] The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment were analyzed, and the results are as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, through Figure 2 It can be seen that the Ni powder is uniformly and tightly adhered to the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles, the particle surface morphology is intact, and there is no problem of loose particles falling off; through Figure 3 It can be seen that the metallic Ni powder coating on the particle surface is uniform, with an average thickness of about 0.02 mm.

[0036] Example 2 In this embodiment, the ZTA ceramic particles are surface-treated according to the following method: (1) Weigh 200g of ZTA ceramic particles, 60g of Cr powder (30%), 0.6g of acrylic resin (1%), 1.5g of polyethylene glycol (2.5%), and measure 1000g of isopropanol (500%).

[0037] (2) The isopropanol solvent is heated to 200°C at a heating rate of 40°C / min, and then heated to 300°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min. Acrylic resin binder and polyethylene glycol inhibitor are added to it. The mixture is then stirred at a stirring speed of 200r / min using a stirring blade. After stirring for 20min, the binder and inhibitor are completely dissolved.

[0038] (3) Reduce the heating temperature from 300℃ to 100℃ at a cooling rate of 25℃ / min, add Cr powder and stir to make the Cr powder more evenly dispersed in the solution to form a mixed solution.

[0039] (4) Use a spraying device to spray the mixed solution evenly onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles at a spraying pressure of 0.05MPa. During the spraying process, heat the ZTA ceramic particles to 50°C until the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles is completely covered with Cr powder with a silvery-gray metallic luster, and the spraying is completed.

[0040] (5) Place the ZTA ceramic particles coated with Cr powder into a vacuum drying oven, set the vacuum degree to 5 Pa, heat to 250℃ and keep warm for 5 hours to complete the surface treatment of ZTA ceramic particles and obtain ZTA ceramic particles.

[0041] The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment were analyzed, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, through Figure 4 It can be seen that the Cr powder is uniformly and tightly adhered to the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles, the particle surface morphology is intact, and there is no problem of loose particles falling off; through Figure 5 It can be seen that the Cr powder coating on the particle surface is uniform, with an average thickness of about 0.02 mm.

[0042] Example 3 In this embodiment, the ZTA ceramic particles are surface-treated according to the following method: (1) Weigh 200g of ZTA ceramic particles, 140g of Ti powder (70%), 8.4g of acrylic resin (6%), 2.1g of polyethylene glycol (1.5%), and measure 900g of isopropanol (450%).

[0043] (2) Heat the isopropanol solvent to 200°C at a heating rate of 50°C / min, and then heat the isopropanol solvent to 280°C at a heating rate of 17°C / min. Add acrylic resin adhesive and polyethylene glycol inhibitor to it, and then stir it with a stirring blade at a stirring speed of 300r / min. After stirring for 10min, the adhesive and inhibitor are completely dissolved.

[0044] (3) Reduce the heating temperature from 280℃ to 95℃ at a cooling rate of 30℃ / min, add Ti powder and stir to make the Ti powder more uniformly dispersed in the solution to form a mixed solution.

[0045] (4) Use a spraying device to spray the mixed solution evenly onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles at a spraying pressure of 0.5 MPa. During the spraying process, heat the ZTA ceramic particles to 70°C until the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles is completely covered with Cr powder with a silvery-gray metallic luster, and the spraying is completed.

[0046] (5) Place the ZTA ceramic particles coated with Cr powder into a vacuum drying oven, set the vacuum degree to 10 Pa, heat to 300℃ and keep warm for 4 hours to complete the surface treatment of ZTA ceramic particles and obtain ZTA ceramic particles.

[0047] In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal cladding layer is approximately 0.1 mm.

[0048] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0049] Example 4 This embodiment uses the same method as in Example 1 to perform surface treatment on ZTA ceramic particles. The difference is that in this embodiment, the metal powder is a mixture of Cu and Ti powder.

[0050] In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal cladding layer is approximately 0.5 mm.

[0051] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0052] Example 5 This embodiment uses the same method as in Example 1 to perform surface treatment on ZTA ceramic particles. The difference is that in this embodiment, the metal powder is a mixture of Ni, Cu, and Ti powders.

[0053] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0054] Example 6 This embodiment uses the same method as in Embodiment 1 to perform surface treatment on ZTA ceramic particles. The difference is that in this embodiment, the metal powder is a mixture of Cr, Cu, and Ti powders.

[0055] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0056] Example 7 This embodiment uses the same method as in Embodiment 1 to perform surface treatment on ZTA ceramic particles. The difference is that in this embodiment, the metal powder is a mixture of Cr, Ni, Cu and Ti powders.

[0057] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0058] Example 8 This embodiment uses the same method as in Embodiment 1 to perform surface treatment on ZTA ceramic particles, the difference being that in this embodiment, the metal powder is Cu powder.

[0059] The ZTA ceramic particles prepared in this embodiment have similar properties to those in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example uses the same method as Example 1 to treat the ZTA ceramic particles, except that water is used instead of isopropanol as the solvent.

[0061] In this comparative example, the excessive fluidity of the powder particles caused the metal powder to flow too freely on the ZTA particle surface, making it difficult to uniformly coat the ZTA ceramic particle surface. At the same time, after vacuum sintering, it was difficult to completely remove water molecules between the metal powder particles, which led to the oxidation of the metal powder.

[0062] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses the same method as Example 1 to treat the ZTA ceramic particles surface, the difference being that: in this comparative example, no solvent is used, and metal powder is sprayed onto the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles by powder spraying.

[0063] In this comparative example, the metal powder clumps together, clogging the nozzle and making it difficult to spray out in a mist and evenly cover the surface of the ZTA particles.

[0064] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example uses the same method as Example 1 to treat the ZTA ceramic particles, the difference being that epoxy resin is used instead of acrylic resin as the adhesive in this comparative example.

[0065] Because epoxy resin has a high heat resistance temperature, dissolving it in a solvent requires a large amount of energy.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface treatment method for ZTA ceramic particles, characterized in that: The surface treatment method includes the following steps: (1) Take the solvent and heat it in stages. While maintaining the heating state, add the binder and inhibitor to the solvent and stir until the binder and inhibitor are completely dissolved to obtain a homogeneous solution. (2) Reduce the heating temperature in step (1), add metal powder to the homogeneous solution and stir to form a mixed solution; (3) The mixed solution obtained in step (2) is sprayed onto the surface of ZTA ceramic particles by spraying. During the spraying process, the ZTA ceramic particles are heated at the same time. When the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles is completely covered by metal powder with a metallic luster, the spraying is completed and a metal coating layer is formed on the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles. (4) Under vacuum conditions, the ZTA ceramic particles that have been sprayed in step (3) are heated and kept warm to complete the surface treatment of the ZTA ceramic particles.

2. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is isopropanol, the adhesive is acrylic resin, and the inhibitor is polyethylene glycol.

3. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is used at a mass of 400% to 500% of the ZTA ceramic particles, the binder is added at a mass of 1% to 6% of the metal powder, and the inhibitor is added at a mass of 0.5% to 2.5% of the metal powder.

4. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the solvent is first heated to 200°C at a heating rate of 30~50°C / min, and then heated to 270-300°C at a heating rate of 15~20°C / min.

5. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal powder includes at least one of Ni, Cr, Cu, and Ti, and the mass of the metal powder added is 30% to 70% of the mass of the ZTA ceramic particles.

6. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the heating temperature is reduced to 90-100℃.

7. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the spraying pressure is 0.05-0.5 MPa.

8. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the temperature at which the ZTA ceramic particles are heated is 50-70℃.

9. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the heating temperature is 250~300℃, the holding time is 3~5h, and the vacuum degree is 5~10Pa.

10. The surface treatment method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal cladding layer is 0.02~0.5mm.

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