An ecological landscape design rationality analysis method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of landscape design analysis, and particularly relates to an ecological landscape design rationality analysis method. In the sun analysis, the present application simultaneously considers the sheltering effect caused by the terrain undulation and the shading effect of the plant canopy projection, avoiding the sun misjudgment caused by the traditional method only relying on the plane projection or ignoring the micro terrain. The present application identifies two types of problem areas, i.e. the unreasonable daily average thermal comfort level and the insufficient thermal environment stability, through the grid analysis, and generates the visual spatial distribution map in the GIS platform, clearly marking the problem position, range and type, so that the subsequent targeted optimization can be carried out based on the evaluation results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of landscape design analysis technology, and specifically to a method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of urban green infrastructure, ecological landscapes not only beautify the environment but also regulate local microclimates and improve thermal comfort in living environments. In high-density urban areas, the rational allocation of elements such as trees, shrubs, water bodies, and permeable paving can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect and reduce the heat stress on the human body caused by high temperatures in summer.

[0003] Shading is a commonly used cooling method. By blocking direct solar radiation through the canopy, it reduces heat absorption and secondary radiation from the ground surface, thereby lowering the near-ground air temperature and the heat load on the human body. Currently, shading effectiveness is widely regarded as one of the core indicators of the rationality of modern ecological landscape design.

[0004] However, existing technologies have the following obvious limitations when quantitatively assessing the effectiveness of landscape shading and its impact on thermal comfort: 1. They ignore the synergistic effect between terrain shading and plant shading, leading to inaccurate judgments on the actual sunshine hours and solar radiation distribution under complex terrain; 2. They fail to establish a dynamic coupling relationship between the solar radiation field and meteorological parameters such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed in the spatiotemporal sequence, making it impossible for the assessment results to truly reflect the actual thermal sensation of the human body at different locations and times, and making it difficult to provide spatial positioning and targeted optimization basis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the problems that are common in current ecological landscape design assessments, such as the lack of quantitative basis for microclimate regulation effects, the neglect of the synergistic effect of topography and vegetation in shading and thermal comfort analysis, and the difficulty in spatially locating assessment results and providing a basis for targeted optimization.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an ecological landscape design rationality analysis method, including the following steps: obtaining the site's geographical coordinates, topographic elevation, and summer meteorological data; the summer meteorological data includes the time series of solar position, solar radiation intensity, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed.

[0007] Based on the landscape design scheme, the location and type of plants are obtained, and the standard crown width at maturity is determined according to the plant type.

[0008] The site is divided into grids, and the canopy projection radius of each plant is calculated based on the grids and the terrain elevation.

[0009] Based on the solar position time series, geographical coordinates, and topographic elevation, combined with the plant position and canopy projection radius, the solar radiation status was analyzed to obtain the solar radiation duration field.

[0010] Based on the sunshine duration field and solar radiation intensity time series, the solar radiation field of the entire site is calculated. Then, combined with the time series of air temperature, humidity and wind speed, the thermal comfort distribution field is analyzed.

[0011] Obtain the time series of thermal comfort in the target assessment area and the entire site, and calculate the corresponding daily average and intraday fluctuation range, thereby generating a microclimate regulation rationality assessment report.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention simultaneously considers the shading effect caused by topographic undulation and the shading effect of plant canopy projection in the solar radiation analysis, avoiding the solar radiation misjudgment caused by relying only on planar projection or ignoring micro-topography in traditional methods, and improving the accuracy of subsequent solar radiation field calculation.

[0013] 2. Based on the law of conservation of energy, this invention converts solar radiation into radiation-equivalent temperature increments and combines temperature, humidity and wind speed to construct a dynamic thermal comfort distribution field, so that the evaluation results are directly related to the user's actual physical experience, rather than relying solely on indirect indicators such as air temperature or greening rate.

[0014] 3. This invention identifies two types of problem areas—unreasonable daily average thermal comfort level and insufficient thermal environment stability—through grid analysis, and generates a visualized spatial distribution map in the GIS platform, clearly marking the location, scope, and type of the problem, so that targeted optimization can be carried out based on the evaluation results. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the analysis method of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for calculating the canopy projection radius according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for analyzing solar radiation conditions according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation process of the thermal comfort distribution field in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale.

[0021] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification.

[0022] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for the ecological landscape design rationality analysis method provided by this invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of an ecological landscape design rationality analysis method provided by the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S1, obtaining the geographical coordinates, topographic elevation and summer meteorological data of the site; the summer meteorological data includes the time series of solar position, solar radiation intensity, air temperature and humidity and wind speed.

[0026] Specifically, geographic coordinates and terrain elevation can be obtained through UAV aerial surveys or lidar scanning, and are high-precision data, ensuring accurate depiction of micro-topographic undulations, which is beneficial for subsequent accurate analysis of solar radiation conditions.

[0027] As for summer meteorological data, hourly data of typical summer days provided by the local meteorological station where the site is located are preferred for analysis, such as historical hourly observation records for July over the past five years. The solar position includes the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle, which can be automatically calculated using mature astronomical algorithms such as SPA based on geographical coordinates and time, thus forming a complete time series.

[0028] The focus is on summer because the solar radiation is strong and the temperature is high during this season, which is the period when the human body is under the greatest pressure for thermal comfort and the landscape design's shading and cooling effectiveness is put to the test. The results of the analysis are the most representative for evaluating the ecological rationality of the design.

[0029] Step S2: Based on the landscape design scheme, obtain the location and type of plants. The specific process is as follows: First, read the CAD vector drawing of the landscape design scheme, and identify the target layer through at least one of the following methods: (a) Identify the layer by including vegetation-related keywords in the layer name; for example, tree, arbor, shrub, plant, greening, hedge, etc. in Chinese and English and their common abbreviations or combinations.

[0030] (b) Identify the preset plant symbol type based on the symbol type of the graphic objects in the layer. The preset plant symbol type is a standardized block predefined in the CAD software. These blocks usually have specific colors, line types and geometric features, and are used to uniformly represent plants on the drawing.

[0031] Subsequently, plant primitives existing in block reference form are extracted from the target layer, and the coordinates of the block reference insertion point of each plant primitive are obtained as the planting location of that plant. The attribute text attached to the block reference associated with each plant primitive is then parsed, and the plant type is determined based on the plant species identifier defined therein.

[0032] Among them, plant species identification is usually the scientific name or variety code of the plant; for example, ginkgo, camphor, osmanthus, etc., or B001, B002, T001, etc.

[0033] After identifying the plant type, it is necessary to consult the pre-constructed correspondence table between plant species and morphological parameters to obtain the matching crown width and maturity height. This crown width is the standard crown width at maturity.

[0034] The process of constructing the correspondence table between plant species and morphological parameters is as follows: First, systematically collect the plant species, plant names, and growth observation data of commonly used garden plants in the region; the growth observation data mainly includes the height at maturity and the standard crown width. Subsequently, the collected data are classified according to the ecological habits, growth environment, and design purpose of the selected plants.

[0035] Then, for each plant type, a unique identifier is assigned, and the numerical distribution of mature height and standard crown width across all data records is statistically analyzed. The mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval are calculated. Based on this, typical values ​​for that plant type are determined, namely, the standard crown width and mature height at maturity. If the data dispersion is large, further subdivision into subclasses is necessary, such as high-crown-width Chinese scholar trees and low-crown-width Chinese scholar trees, to improve the accuracy of the parameters.

[0036] Finally, the plant species identifiers, plant names, corresponding standard crown widths, and maturity heights after the above classification are stored in a structured database; alternatively, parameters such as plant cold hardiness and suitable soil types can also be stored. This database serves as a correspondence table between plant species and morphological parameters.

[0037] The correspondence table between plant species and morphological parameters establishes a clear mapping from plant species identifiers to key morphological parameters. It supports rapid lookups and can be dynamically updated and calibrated based on newly accumulated data.

[0038] The following lists multiple sets of plant species identifiers, plant names, crown width, height at maturity, cold hardiness, and suitable soil types, as shown in Table 1.

[0039]

[0040] Please see Figure 2 Step S3: Divide the site into grids and calculate the canopy projection radius of each plant based on the grids and terrain elevation.

[0041] This invention uses a regular square grid, with the grid origin set at the southwest corner of the site, and the side length can be dynamically determined according to the standard crown width of the smallest plant at maturity.

[0042] The formula for calculating the side length is as follows: .

[0043] in, The grid side length; The standard crown width at maturity for the smallest plant in the site. This is a precision coefficient; if it is too small, the mesh will be too coarse and unable to accurately describe the shading changes at the crown edge; if it is too large, it will lead to an unnecessary increase in computation. In this invention, And it is an integer, for example, 4, which means that the shaded area of ​​the smallest plant is finely depicted by at least 4×4 grids.

[0044] The process of obtaining the grid center point is as follows: For a point to be determined, first find the grid in which it is located, and then use the elevation values ​​of the four corner points of the grid to calculate the elevation of the point to be determined, i.e. the elevation of the center point, through two linear interpolations.

[0045] To ensure that the site boundary grid has effective elevation data of adjacent grids when calculating slope, if a grid cannot obtain adjacent grids in the east, west, south, and north directions at the boundary, the mirror filling method or linear extrapolation method is used to complete the missing elevation data in that direction.

[0046] Based on this, for each grid, we first determine whether its eastern and western adjacent grids both exist, in order to avoid distortion of slope calculation due to missing data at the site boundary.

[0047] The judgment process is as follows: For the grid ; For line numbers, This is the column number. Its eastern adjacent grid index is... The east side is adjacent to the west side. .examine and Is it valid? This represents the total number of columns. If any condition is not met, the column is considered non-existent.

[0048] If adjacent grids exist on both the east and west sides, calculate the elevation difference and total horizontal spacing between the centers of the grids on the east and west sides, and compare the elevation difference with the total horizontal spacing to obtain the east-west slope component; otherwise, set the east-west slope component to zero.

[0049] The slope components in the north-south direction are obtained by analogy to the slope components in the east-west direction.

[0050] The reason for calculating only the slope components in the north-south and east-west directions is that the coordinate axes of the regular rectangular grid are naturally aligned with the east-west and north-south directions. By calculating the slope components in these two orthogonal directions, the slope in any direction can be fully represented by vector synthesis, without needing to calculate the northeast-southeast component.

[0051] After obtaining the slope components in the east-west and north-south directions, the composite value is calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem, and the arctangent of the composite value is obtained to obtain the surface slope.

[0052] After obtaining the surface slope corresponding to each grid, the surface slopes of all grids are integrated to generate a surface slope field covering the entire site.

[0053] Finally, based on the planting location of the plant, its corresponding grid is determined, and the surface slope corresponding to that grid is extracted from the surface slope field. The canopy projection radius is obtained by multiplying half of the standard canopy width by the cosine of the surface slope.

[0054] On sloping ground, the vertical projection of the plant canopy is compressed. Ignoring the slope will lead to an overestimation of the shading range in steep areas and an underestimation in gentle slopes or flat areas. Therefore, this invention corrects for the surface slope to ensure that the canopy projection radius accurately reflects its coverage capacity on a horizontal plane, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent solar radiation analysis.

[0055] Please see Figure 3 Step S4: Based on the solar position time series, geographical coordinates and topographic elevation, combined with the plant position and canopy projection radius, analyze the solar radiation status to obtain the solar radiation hour field.

[0056] Direct sunlight is the primary source of surface heat load and a key factor affecting human thermal comfort. To accurately assess the effect of landscape design on microclimate regulation, the blocking effects of both macro-topography and micro-vegetation on light must be considered.

[0057] Because the terrain and vegetation can reduce or even completely eliminate the direct solar radiation received by the earth's surface, they directly change the local energy balance and affect the temperature and the human body's thermal sensation.

[0058] If only the shade provided by the plants is considered and the topography is ignored, the degree of sunlight exposure in areas such as the top of the slope or the bottom of the valley will be seriously misjudged; conversely, if only the topography is considered and the plant canopy is ignored, the actual regulatory effect of artificial greening on the microclimate cannot be reflected.

[0059] Therefore, in this invention, the solar radiation state analysis process is performed independently for each grid cell, sequentially traversing each moment in the solar position time series. Furthermore, for each moment, the analysis includes both terrain shading and vegetation shading.

[0060] Step S41: Perform terrain shading analysis, the specific process of which is shown below.

[0061] First, extract the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle at the current moment from the solar position time series. Then, using true north as a reference, the solar azimuth angle is converted into a direction vector in the horizontal plane. This direction vector is the projection direction of the incident sunlight on the horizontal plane.

[0062] The conversion formula is as follows: .

[0063] This ensures that the direction of the sun's incident rays is strictly aligned with the geographic coordinate system.

[0064] Then, starting from the center point of the grid, the ray projection algorithm is used to advance along the projection direction, advancing by subgrid step size, and traversing the adjacent grids in front in turn until the site boundary is exceeded.

[0065] The site boundary is defined by the bounding rectangle of all grid coordinates. This constraint is set to avoid infinite loops and ensure that calculations are performed within the valid data range.

[0066] Subgrid step size refers to a step size much smaller than the grid side length, such as one-fifth of the grid side length. The purpose of using a subgrid step size is to improve detection accuracy, avoid skipping narrow, obstructed terrain due to excessively large step sizes, and ensure the reliability of terrain shading assessment.

[0067] For each front grid cell traversed, calculate the horizontal distance from its center point to the starting point.

[0068] Then calculate the product of the horizontal distance and the tangent of the solar altitude angle, and add this product to the terrain elevation of the starting point to obtain the theoretical elevation of the solar incident rays at the grid position in front.

[0069] Based on the principle of rectilinear propagation of light, when the actual terrain is higher than the path of light, it will block direct sunlight. Therefore, if the actual terrain elevation of any grid in front is greater than the theoretical elevation, it is determined that the grid is occluded by the terrain at the current moment; otherwise, it is determined that the grid is not occluded by the terrain at the current moment.

[0070] Step S42: Perform plant shading analysis, the specific process is as follows.

[0071] Multiply the maturity height of each plant by the cotangent of the current solar altitude angle, and then add this to the canopy projection radius to obtain the effective shading radius.

[0072] The effective shading radius defines a circular shading area centered on the plant, combining canopy projection and trunk shadow. When a grid is located within the circular shading area, the direct solar radiation it receives is completely or partially blocked by the plant.

[0073] Therefore, if the horizontal distance between the center point of the grid and any plant planting location is less than or equal to the effective shading radius of the plant, it can be determined that the grid is affected by plant shading at the current moment. Otherwise, it is determined that the grid is not affected by plant shading at the current moment.

[0074] The shading effect of the plants means that the solar radiation flux of this grid will be significantly reduced. This is because the plant canopy intercepts and absorbs some of the direct solar radiation.

[0075] Finally, when a grid is neither obscured by terrain nor shaded by any vegetation at the current moment, it means that the grid can receive full direct solar radiation and is fully exposed to direct sunlight; at this time, it is output as an irradiated state.

[0076] Step S43: Obtain the sunshine duration field based on the sunshine status analysis results. The specific process is as follows.

[0077] The total duration of sunlight exposure for each grid cell within the entire solar position time series is calculated and output as the total hours of direct sunlight. The total hours of direct sunlight characterize the duration of intense solar exposure on the site. Then, all hours of direct sunlight are integrated to form a sunshine duration field covering the entire site.

[0078] Step S5: Calculate the solar radiation field of the entire site based on the sunshine duration field and the solar radiation intensity time series.

[0079] Specifically, based on the time series of solar radiation intensity, for grids in the irradiable state, since they receive total radiation including both direct and diffuse components, the solar radiation intensity at each moment is directly used as the solar radiation value, and the solar radiation values ​​at all moments are accumulated.

[0080] As for the other grids, due to shading, they can only receive scattered radiation from the sky dome, and the radiation intensity will be much lower than the total radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to first multiply the solar radiation intensity at each moment by a preset ratio to obtain the corresponding solar radiation value. Then, sum up the solar radiation values ​​at all moments.

[0081] The preset ratio represents the approximate proportional relationship between the intensity of scattered radiation and the intensity of total radiation under shading conditions. It can be determined based on local meteorological observation statistics. For example, under clear summer weather conditions, scattered radiation accounts for approximately 15%–25% of the total radiation. Considering the partial interception of scattered light by the plant canopy, this invention conservatively assumes that the scattered radiation received in the shading area is 20% of the total radiation, i.e., the preset ratio is 0.2.

[0082] Finally, the solar radiation values ​​of all grids are integrated according to their spatial location to form a solar radiation field covering the entire site.

[0083] Please see Figure 4 Step S6: Combining the solar radiation field, air temperature and humidity time series, and wind speed time series, the thermal comfort distribution field is analyzed.

[0084] The specific process is as follows: First, the time series of air temperature, humidity, and wind speed are aligned with the solar radiation field at the same time. This ensures that all parameters are consistent in time, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent thermal comfort calculations.

[0085] Then, for each moment, the corresponding radiation equivalent temperature increment is determined based on the solar radiation value of each grid and the law of energy conservation.

[0086] The specific formula for determining the radiation equivalent temperature increment is as follows: .

[0087] in, This is the radiation equivalent temperature increment, representing the increase in near-surface air temperature caused by solar radiation.

[0088] Albedo is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the ability of the Earth's surface to reflect solar radiation. Its value depends primarily on the physical properties of the surface covering material.

[0089] For example, grasslands typically have low albedo due to their rough surface and the multiple reflections and absorptions of light within the canopy. Therefore, it is possible to designate... Hard pavement surfaces such as concrete and asphalt are relatively smooth and typically have high reflectivity, making them suitable for use in paving. For dark asphalt, a value of 0.15 can be used, while for light-colored concrete, a higher value can be used.

[0090] Cumulative solar radiation per unit area ;Based on solar radiation values Multiply by the unit time step get.

[0091] For air density, take 1.2. ; The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure is taken as 1005. .

[0092] The effective mixing height near the Earth's surface characterizes the effective depth at which heat diffuses from the Earth's surface into the atmosphere. Since the primary evaluation objective of this invention is human thermal comfort, and the main height range for human perception of ambient temperature is approximately 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters, in this invention... 1.5 is acceptable. This height represents the center position of a standing adult's torso.

[0093] The radiative equivalent temperature increment is then added to the corresponding air temperature to obtain the corrected air temperature. The corrected air temperature reflects the warming effect of solar radiation on perceived temperature.

[0094] Based on the corrected temperature and the corresponding air humidity Determine the equivalent temperature that reflects the combined effects of temperature and humidity. It should be noted that... Enter in decimal form.

[0095] Determine the equivalent temperature The specific formula is as follows: .

[0096] It should be noted that the above determination The formula is a form of the temperature-humidity index formula, a commonly used empirical formula in environmental physics for assessing the combined effects of temperature and humidity. The constant term is an empirical coefficient derived from fitting a large amount of biometeorological observation data, effectively reflecting the nonlinear influence of humidity and temperature on human thermal sensation.

[0097] At the same time, the wind speed at the corresponding moment is multiplied by the preset coefficient to obtain the air-cooling adjustment amount.

[0098] The preset coefficient reflects the cooling effect of wind speed on perceived temperature. According to ISO standards, for every 1 unit increase in wind speed... The perceived temperature will drop by approximately 0.8-1.2 degrees Celsius. In this invention, the intermediate value 1.0 is taken as an example. The preset coefficient is 1.0. .

[0099] Taking into account the differences in ambient humidity across different regions, the preset coefficient can be adjusted according to local climate conditions. For example, in arid regions, the preset coefficient can be slightly reduced to 0.8. In humid regions, it can rise slightly to 1.2. .

[0100] Then, the difference between the equivalent temperature and the air cooling adjustment is used as the thermal comfort of each grid at that moment. Since the cooling effect of the wind is a positive factor in counteracting the temperature and humidity load, it is necessary to subtract it from the negative load to obtain the net thermal stress index, which can better reflect the actual hot and cold feelings of the human body. The net thermal stress index is defined as thermal comfort.

[0101] Finally, the thermal comfort values ​​of all grids at each moment are integrated according to their spatial location and temporal sequence to form a thermal comfort distribution field covering the entire site.

[0102] Step S7: Obtain the thermal comfort time series of the target assessment area and the entire site, and calculate the corresponding daily average and intraday fluctuation range respectively.

[0103] The target evaluation area refers to the areas in the landscape design where human thermal comfort requires special attention. These typically include, but are not limited to, areas with frequent human activity such as walkways, courtyards, and seating areas. These areas are chosen as evaluation targets because the effectiveness of landscape microclimate regulation ultimately needs to be verified through the thermal comfort experience of users.

[0104] The specific calculation process is as follows: for each grid within the target assessment area, extract its thermal comfort time series within a day.

[0105] Then, the arithmetic mean of the thermal comfort time series is calculated to obtain the daily average value; the daily average value reflects the average thermal comfort level within a day and is a core indicator for measuring the long-term thermal environment quality.

[0106] Next, the standard deviation of the thermal comfort time series is calculated to obtain the intraday fluctuation range; the fluctuation range reflects the stability of the thermal environment. Excessive fluctuation means drastic temperature differences, requiring the human body to adapt frequently, resulting in decreased comfort.

[0107] By using the two indicators of daily average and intraday fluctuation range, the regulatory effect of microclimate can be comprehensively evaluated from the two dimensions of average thermal sensation and temperature fluctuation.

[0108] Finally, based on all grids across the entire site, the corresponding daily average and intraday fluctuation range are obtained in the same way.

[0109] Step S8: Generate a microclimate regulation rationality assessment report.

[0110] The specific process is as follows: First, calculate the average value of all daily averages and intraday fluctuations in the entire site, and use them as the first and second benchmarks, respectively.

[0111] The daily average value of each grid in the target assessment area is then compared with the first benchmark. If the absolute value of the difference is greater than the first preset value, it is determined that the daily average thermal comfort level adjustment is unreasonable at that grid and it is marked as a Class I grid.

[0112] The meaning of unreasonable daily thermal comfort level regulation is that the average heat sensation during the day deviates too much from the overall average level of the site, indicating that the landscape design has failed to effectively buffer solar radiation and heat accumulation, resulting in a reduction or failure of the microclimate regulation function.

[0113] For one type of grid, it is advisable to add evergreen tree communities to enhance shade and introduce shallow water features to utilize evaporative cooling to reduce local air temperature, thereby improving the average daily thermal comfort level.

[0114] Meanwhile, the intraday fluctuation range of each grid in the target assessment area is compared with the second benchmark. If the difference is greater than the second preset value, it is determined that there is an unreasonable thermal environment stability adjustment at that grid and it is marked as a Class II grid.

[0115] The meaning of "unreasonable regulation of thermal environment stability" is that the thermal comfort level of the location varies too much throughout the day, lacks thermal buffering capacity, and is prone to causing discomfort.

[0116] For Class II grids, plants with high heat capacity and transpiration effect, such as evergreen broad-leaved trees, can be considered for planting, or shallow water features can be set up to utilize their high heat capacity and evaporative cooling effect, thereby enhancing the stability of the thermal environment.

[0117] It should be noted that the process for determining the values ​​below the preset value and the second preset value can be as follows: collect thermal comfort monitoring data of 10 established parks in the local area during typical summer days over the past five years, covering different vegetation configurations and types of ground cover materials.

[0118] The absolute deviations between the daily average thermal comfort level in each area and the overall average were statistically analyzed. It was found that when the deviation exceeded 1.2... At that time, the proportion of users experiencing significant discomfort in their subjective questionnaires rose significantly, exceeding 65%; the standard deviation of the daily fluctuation was greater than 0.8. At that time, more than 80% of respondents reported that they found it difficult to adapt to the drastic temperature changes.

[0119] Based on ASHRAS Standard 55 and other thermal comfort standards, the range of human body perception of temperature changes is generally considered to be... -1.5 In this invention, a conservative first preset value is taken as 1.2. The second preset value is 0.8. .

[0120] Then, the total area of ​​all marked grids and their proportion of the total area of ​​the target assessment area are calculated, and all marked grids are labeled on the map. The labeling process can be completed in a GIS platform, with Class I grids highlighted in red, Class II grids highlighted in yellow, overlapping areas displayed in orange, and the original plant layout overlaid to generate a spatial distribution map.

[0121] Finally, a microclimate regulation rationality assessment report is generated, which includes the marked grid, total area, scale, and spatial distribution map.

[0122] In summary, this invention provides an accurate data foundation for analysis by acquiring site geographic coordinates, topographic elevation, and summer meteorological data, and combining this with landscape design schemes to analyze plant location, type, and standard crown width. Furthermore, it quantifies the synergistic shading effect of topography and plants. Based on this, it sequentially performs solar radiation state analysis to obtain a solar hours field, calculates the solar radiation field, and couples air temperature, humidity, and wind speed time series to construct a thermal comfort distribution field, ensuring that the assessment results accurately reflect actual human thermal sensation. Finally, by comparing the daily average thermal comfort values ​​and intraday fluctuations of the target assessment area with the entire site, a visualized assessment report including a spatial distribution map is generated.

[0123] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0125] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0126] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0127] Finally, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire the site's geographic coordinates, topographic elevation, and summer meteorological data; the summer meteorological data includes time series of solar position, solar radiation intensity, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed; Based on the landscape design scheme, obtain the location and type of plants, and determine the standard crown width at maturity according to the plant type. Divide the site into grids. For each grid, if there are adjacent grids on its east and west sides, calculate the elevation difference and total horizontal spacing between the centers of the grids on the east and west sides. Compare the elevation difference with the total horizontal spacing to obtain the slope component in the east-west direction. Otherwise, set the east-west slope component to zero; similarly, obtain the north-south slope component based on the process of obtaining the east-west slope component. Based on the slope components in the east-west and north-south directions, the composite value is calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem, and the arctangent of the composite value is used to obtain the surface slope. The surface slopes of all grids are integrated to generate a surface slope field covering the entire site. The grid to which the plant belongs is determined according to its planting location, and the surface slope corresponding to that grid is extracted from the surface slope field. Half of the standard crown width is multiplied by the cosine of the surface slope to obtain the crown projection radius. For each grid, iterate through each moment in the solar position time series and extract the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle at the current moment in the solar position time series; using geographic north as the reference, convert the solar azimuth angle into a direction vector in the horizontal plane, which is the projection direction of the incident solar rays on the horizontal plane; starting from the center point of the grid, iterate through the adjacent grids in front along the projection direction until it exceeds the site boundary, and calculate the horizontal distance from the center point of each grid in front to the starting point; First, calculate the product of the horizontal distance and the tangent of the solar altitude angle, and then add it to the terrain elevation of the starting point to obtain the theoretical elevation of the solar incident ray at the grid position in front. If the actual terrain elevation of any grid in front is greater than the theoretical elevation, then the grid is determined to be occluded by the terrain at the current moment. Multiply the mature height of each plant by the cotangent of the current solar altitude angle, and then add the canopy projection radius to obtain the effective shading radius; If the horizontal distance between the center point of the grid and any plant planting location is less than or equal to the effective shading radius of the plant, then the grid is determined to be affected by plant shading at the current moment. If a grid is neither obscured by terrain nor shaded by any plants at the current moment, output that it is in a state where it can be illuminated; otherwise, output that it is in a state where it cannot be illuminated. Based on the grid, the total duration of the illuminated state is output as the entire solar position time series, and the sunshine duration field is obtained. Based on the sunshine duration field and solar radiation intensity time series, the solar radiation field of the entire site is calculated. Then, combined with the time series of air temperature, humidity and wind speed, the thermal comfort distribution field is analyzed. Obtain the time series of thermal comfort in the target assessment area and the entire site, and calculate the corresponding daily average and intraday fluctuation range, thereby generating a microclimate regulation rationality assessment report.

2. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process for obtaining the location and type of the plant is as follows: Read the CAD vector drawings of the landscape design scheme; The target layer is identified using at least one of the following methods, and plant primitives existing in block reference form are extracted from it: a) Identify vegetation based on the presence of vegetation-related keywords in the layer name; b. Identify the preset plant symbol type based on the symbol type of the graphic objects in the layer; Obtain the block reference insertion point coordinates for each plant element, which will be used as the planting location for that plant. The attribute text associated with the block reference of each plant primitive is parsed, and the plant type is determined based on the plant species identifier defined therein.

3. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard crown width for determining the maturity period based on plant type is specifically as follows: Based on the determined plant type, query the pre-constructed correspondence table between plant species and morphological parameters to obtain the matching crown width and maturity height. This crown width is the standard crown width at maturity.

4. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the sunshine duration field is as follows: The total duration of each grid being output as a state of being able to receive sunlight within the entire solar position time series is counted, and the total duration is taken as the total hours of full direct sunlight. All hours of direct sunlight are integrated to form a sunshine duration field covering the entire site.

5. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation process for the solar radiation field is as follows: Based on the time series of solar radiation intensity, the solar radiation values ​​of each grid at all times are accumulated; where, for grids in the illuminated state, the solar radiation value is taken as the solar radiation intensity, and for the other grids, the solar radiation value is taken as the product of the solar radiation intensity and a preset ratio. The solar radiation values ​​of all grids are integrated according to their spatial location to form a solar radiation field covering the entire site.

6. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formation process of the thermal comfort distribution field is as follows: Align the time series of air temperature, humidity, and wind speed with the solar radiation field at the same time. For each moment, the corresponding radiation equivalent temperature increment is determined based on the solar radiation value of each grid and the law of energy conservation. The corrected air temperature is obtained by adding the radiation equivalent temperature increment to the air temperature at the corresponding moment. Based on the corrected air temperature and the corresponding air humidity, the equivalent temperature reflecting the combined effect of temperature and humidity is determined. Multiply the wind speed at the corresponding moment by the preset coefficient to obtain the air-cooling adjustment amount; The difference between the equivalent temperature and the air-cooling adjustment amount is used as the thermal comfort of each grid at that moment; The thermal comfort values ​​of all grids at each time point are integrated according to their spatial location and temporal sequence to form a thermal comfort distribution field covering the entire site.

7. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process for calculating the daily average and intraday fluctuation range is as follows: For each grid within the target assessment area, extract its daily thermal comfort time series; First, calculate the arithmetic mean of the thermal comfort time series to obtain the daily average value; Then calculate the standard deviation of the thermal comfort time series to obtain the intraday fluctuation range; Similarly, based on all grids across the entire site, the corresponding daily average value and intraday fluctuation range can be obtained.

8. The method for analyzing the rationality of ecological landscape design according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of generating the microclimate regulation rationality assessment report is as follows: Calculate the average of all daily average values ​​and intraday fluctuations across the entire site, and use them as the first and second benchmarks, respectively. The daily average value of each grid in the target assessment area is compared with the first benchmark. If the absolute value of the difference is greater than the first preset value, it is determined that the daily average thermal comfort level adjustment is unreasonable at that grid and it is marked as a Class I grid. The intraday fluctuation range of each grid in the target assessment area is compared with the second benchmark. If the difference is greater than the second preset value, it is determined that there is an unreasonable thermal environment stability adjustment at that grid and it is marked as a Class II grid. Calculate the total area of ​​all marked grids and the proportion of the total area of ​​the target evaluation area, and mark all marked grids on the map to generate a spatial distribution map; Generate a microclimate regulation rationality assessment report that includes labeled grids, total area, scale, and spatial distribution map.

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