A planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to flooding, ensures seedling survival, and guarantees yield despite drought.

Abstract

This invention discloses a planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to waterlogging, protects seedlings, and ensures a good harvest despite drought. It belongs to the field of crop planting technology and includes: (1) draining and drying the field 7-10 days before rice harvest; (2) after rice harvest, on a sunny day when the tractor is not stuck, crushing the straw, which is then evenly distributed in the field; (3) when there is no standing water in the field and the tractor is not stuck, tilling the field once with a tractor and rotary tilling twice to mix the straw and soil evenly; (4) after rotary tilling, ditching is carried out, with planting beds 140cm wide, and any raised areas are leveled; (5) after leveling, a seeder is used to cover the field with film, apply fertilizer, and sow seeds according to a row width of 50cm:narrow row width of 30cm. Through this method, waterlogging damage can be reduced, weeds can be suppressed, drought resistance and water retention can be improved, and water and fertilizer utilization can be increased, ultimately achieving disaster mitigation and high yield / efficiency for paddy field rapeseed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop planting technology, specifically to a planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to flooding, ensures seedling survival, and guarantees harvest despite drought. Background Technology

[0002] Southwest my country is a major rapeseed producing area and an important base for low-erucic acid rapeseed production. High and stable rapeseed yields in this region play a crucial role in the development of my country's rapeseed industry. However, rainfall in this region exhibits significant seasonal variations and is extremely unevenly distributed. From June to September, the region is under the influence of warm and humid tropical air masses, resulting in abundant rainfall. The total rainfall in these four months is 753.7 mm, accounting for 76% of the annual total. During winter and spring, under the influence of dry and cold continental air masses, the climate is dry and rainfall is scarce. This climate characteristic easily leads to natural disasters such as autumn flooding and spring drought in rapeseed cultivation. After autumn sowing, severe waterlogging causes seed rot and failure to germinate, resulting in severe gaps in rows or poor growth after emergence, low seedling establishment rate, weak growth, and rampant weeds and wild rapeseed, leaving severely affected fields almost in a semi-abandoned state. In spring, high temperatures and low rainfall lead to severe soil drought. This coincides with the rapeseed flowering and pod-setting period, which requires sufficient water for healthy growth. Drought during this period easily results in fewer pods, fewer seeds per pod, and a lower thousand-seed weight, leading to a significant decrease in yield. Therefore, autumn floods and spring droughts are the most significant climatic constraints on rapeseed production in Southwest China. In severe years, these conditions can lead to substantial yield reductions, seriously impacting the development of the rapeseed industry in Southwest my country.

[0003] Currently, commonly used rapeseed drought and waterlogging resistance cultivation techniques mainly include ridge planting and plastic film mulching. Plastic film mulching can increase soil temperature, reduce frost damage, suppress weeds, collect rainwater, reduce evaporation, and improve water and fertilizer utilization, making it an effective measure for drought resistance and high yield. Ridge planting reduces soil compaction, promotes root development, enhances lodging resistance, and simultaneously improves soil temperature and water management, creating conditions for high yield and quality. It also optimizes field drainage, avoids waterlogging and root rot, and promotes strong seedling formation. Traditional ridge planting and mulching techniques are hampered by their complexity, time-consuming nature, and labor-intensive nature, especially the hole-punching and sowing in the film, which requires seedling placement, making operation difficult and compromising sowing quality. Furthermore, it is difficult to collect small amounts of rainfall to achieve the desired water retention effect. Currently, most production still uses open-field cultivation, which results in low germination and seedling survival rates in waterlogging cases and significant yield reductions in rapeseed during droughts if irrigation is not timely.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to flooding, protects seedlings, and ensures a good harvest in the face of drought, in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to flooding, protects seedlings, and ensures a good harvest.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for planting rapeseed in paddy fields to resist waterlogging, protect seedlings, and ensure a good harvest, includes the following steps: (1) Drain and dry the fields 7 to 10 days before rice harvest; (2) After the rice is harvested, the straw is crushed on a sunny day and the crushed straw is evenly dispersed in the soil of the field; (3) When there is no standing water in the field and the tractor will not get stuck, plowing and rotary tilling shall be carried out; (4) Carry out trenching operations and level the raised areas of the ground; (5) After leveling, cover with film, fertilize and sow coated rapeseed seeds; The coated rapeseed seeds are prepared from rapeseed seeds to be sown and a seed coating agent. The seed coating agent is prepared from 1-3 parts sodium alginate, 5-10 parts pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, 1-2 parts glycerol, 25-40 parts modified composite clay powder, 3-6 parts ternary composite microspheres, and 3-8 parts beneficial microbial spore powder. The preparation method of the modified composite clay powder is as follows: 5-8 parts of erythritol and 8-12 parts of citric acid were refluxed at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours. Then, the temperature was maintained at 60-70°C, and 15-22 parts of kaolin powder and 5-10 parts of diatomaceous earth powder were added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 2-3 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying, grinding and sieving, modified composite clay powder was obtained. The preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres is as follows: Dissolve 4-6 parts sodium alginate, 2-4 parts gelatin and 8-12 parts maltodextrin in 150-170 parts deionized water at 50-60℃, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 2-4 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir to obtain solution B, and dissolve 0.8-1.2 parts of jasmonic acid in 4-6 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; Solution C was added dropwise to solution B under high-speed shearing, and after stirring, it was spray-dried to obtain microspheres. The microspheres were dispersed in deionized water, and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption. Then, it was cross-linked and cured with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After curing, it was washed and dried at low temperature to obtain ternary composite microspheres.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for preparing the coated rapeseed seeds specifically involves mixing the rapeseed seeds to be sown with a seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:25 to 1:40, and then obtaining the coated rapeseed seeds under the action of a coating machine.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation process of the seed coating agent is as follows: Add deionized water to a mixing tank and heat to 40-45°C. While stirring at 200-400 rpm, add 1-3 parts sodium alginate, 5-10 parts pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, and 1-2 parts glycerol in sequence, and stir for 20-40 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 8000-12000 rpm, and slowly add 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 15-20 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 300-500 rpm, add 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder in sequence, and continue stirring for 8-12 minutes; Add 0.1 to 0.5 parts of spirulina blue protein for coloring, adjust the pH to between 5.8 and 6.5 with citric acid, filter after adjustment, and the seed coating agent is obtained.

[0009] Furthermore, in the preparation method of modified composite clay powder, the temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 60-70℃; In the preparation method of ternary composite microspheres, the inlet air temperature of spray drying is 160-165℃ and the outlet air temperature is 60-70℃.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (3), the tillage depth is ≥25cm and the rotary tillage depth is ≥15cm; In step (4), the trench is 30cm deep and 20cm wide, and the planting bed is 140cm wide. In step (5), after leveling, the mulch, fertilizer and sowing are carried out according to the ratio of wide row to narrow row = 50cm: 30cm.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (2), the length of the crushed straw should be ≤10cm, the unevenness of the scattering should be ≤15%, and the average stubble height should be ≤10cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (3), the tractor should not get stuck, meaning the depth of an adult's foot sinking into the tractor should be ≤2cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (5), mulching, sowing, and fertilization are carried out simultaneously by a double-ridge rapeseed film-side seeder. The wide rows are covered with 50cm ordinary white polyethylene film, with a 30cm gap between the films. Sowing is carried out on both sides of the film, with two films laid on each ridge, and the distance between the edge of the film and the edge of the ridge is 5cm.

[0014] To better achieve the objectives of this invention, the present invention also provides a subject matter. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By using erythritol and citric acid to modify kaolin and diatomaceous earth to prepare seed coating, the disease resistance and cold resistance of rapeseed are ultimately enhanced. 2. During the seed coating process, jasmonic acid was modified in a stepwise manner, which ultimately enhanced the lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold resistance of rapeseed. 3. By combining seed coating preparation methods with planting methods, we can ultimately achieve disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as high yield and efficiency in paddy fields and rapeseed cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of wide and narrow row sowing in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of wide and narrow row sowing in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a graph showing the effect of each treatment on the soil temperature in the 0-10cm soil layer in Comparative Example 1 of this invention; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effect of each treatment on the soil temperature in the 0-20cm soil layer in Comparative Example 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: A planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to waterlogging, drought, and high yield, specifically including the following steps: 1. Modification of kaolin and diatomaceous earth Five parts of erythritol and 12 parts of citric acid were refluxed at 80°C for 3 hours. Then, the temperature was kept at 60°C, and 22 parts of kaolin powder and 5 parts of diatomaceous earth powder were added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 3 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying, grinding and sieving, modified composite clay powder was obtained. The temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 60℃.

[0019] 2. Stepwise modification of jasmonic acid Dissolve 4 parts sodium alginate, 4 parts gelatin and 8 parts maltodextrin in 170 parts deionized water at 50°C, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 2 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 2.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir, and obtain solution B; Solution C is obtained by dissolving 0.8 parts of jasmonic acid in 6 parts of anhydrous ethanol; Under high-speed shearing at 10,000 rpm, solution C was added dropwise to solution B, and after stirring for 10 minutes, spray drying was performed to obtain microsphere particles. The above microspheres were dispersed in deionized water, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption, and then crosslinked and solidified with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After solidification, the microspheres were washed and dried at low temperature to obtain ternary composite microspheres. The inlet air temperature for spray drying is 160℃, and the outlet air temperature is 70℃.

[0020] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent Weigh the following raw materials according to the following proportions by weight: 1 part sodium alginate, 10 parts pullulan polysaccharide, 0.5 parts lecithin, 2 parts glycerol, 25 parts modified composite clay powder, 6 parts ternary composite microspheres, and 3 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder (beneficial microbial spore powder).

[0021] Add deionized water to the mixing tank (the amount of deionized water should account for 60% of the volume of the mixing tank), heat to 45°C, and add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin and glycerin in sequence while stirring at 200 rpm, and stir for 40 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 8000 rpm, slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 20 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 300 rpm, add the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder in sequence, and continue stirring for 12 minutes; Spirulina cyanin is added for coloring, and the pH is adjusted to 5.8 with citric acid. After adjustment, the mixture is filtered to obtain the seed coating agent.

[0022] 4. Preparation of coated rapeseed seeds The rapeseed seeds to be sown are mixed with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:25, and coated rapeseed seeds are obtained by using a coating machine.

[0023] 5. Cultivation of Coated Rapeseed Seeds (1) Drain and dry the fields 7 days before rice harvest; (2) When the tractor is not stuck during operation after the rice harvest, choose a sunny day to crush the straw. The crushed straw will be naturally and evenly distributed in the field. If it continues to rain and the soil is still in a state of waterlogging, ditches should be dug to drain the water on the basis of no-till soil, so as to avoid the situation where the water cannot be drained due to heavy rainfall in the later period. (3) When there is no standing water in the field and the tractor will not get stuck, use a tractor to plow once (plowing depth ≥ 25cm) and rotary till twice (rotary tilling depth ≥ 15cm) to mix the straw and soil evenly. (4) After the rotary tillage is completed, use a 95-horsepower tractor and the ditching machine attached to the Shenghe rotary tiller to carry out ditching (ditch depth 30cm, ditch width 20cm), planting bed width 140cm, and level the raised parts of the ground. (5) After leveling, use the self-developed double-ridge rapeseed film-side seeder to cover, fertilize and sow according to the ratio of wide row: narrow row = 50cm: 30cm.

[0024] A diagram illustrating the effect of furrow wide and narrow row sowing, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0025] Before rice harvest, ditches are dug to drain and dry the fields, removing excess water from the rice season. If there is continuous rainfall, an additional ditching and bed-making drainage is carried out on top of the no-till soil method. After rapeseed is sown, because of the ditching and bed-making method, even if the entire month of October is a continuous rainy season, a large amount of water will be concentrated in the ditches and flow away with the drainage ditches, so there will be no significant water accumulation in the ditches. Therefore, the rapeseed on the bed surface is almost unaffected, thus playing a role in flood prevention and seedling protection.

[0026] From November to February of the following year, rainfall is extremely low in southwestern my country. The film-side sowing method used on the seedbed allows the limited rainwater to be collected and directed to the roots of the rapeseed along with the mulch film. The mulch film also inhibits the evaporation of effective water, thus effectively utilizing rainwater and achieving the goal of drought resistance during the seedling stage. This ensures strong seedlings and lays the foundation for a bumper harvest, and therefore plays a role in drought resistance and harvest protection.

[0027] Example 2: A planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to waterlogging, drought, and high yield, specifically including the following steps: 1. Modification of kaolin and diatomaceous earth Eight parts of erythritol and eight parts of citric acid were refluxed at 90°C for 2 hours. Then, the temperature was kept at 70°C, and 15 parts of kaolin powder and 10 parts of diatomaceous earth powder were added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 2 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying, grinding and sieving, modified composite clay powder was obtained. The temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 70℃.

[0028] 2. Stepwise modification of jasmonic acid Dissolve 6 parts sodium alginate, 2 parts gelatin and 12 parts maltodextrin in 150 parts deionized water at 60℃, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 4 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 1.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir, and obtain solution B; Solution C is obtained by dissolving 1.2 parts of jasmonic acid in 4 parts of anhydrous ethanol; Under high-speed shearing at 12000 rpm, solution C was added dropwise to solution B. After stirring for 5 minutes, spray drying was performed to obtain microsphere particles. The above microspheres were dispersed in deionized water, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption, and then crosslinked and solidified with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After solidification, the microspheres were washed and dried at low temperature to obtain ternary composite microspheres. The inlet air temperature for spray drying is 165℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60℃.

[0029] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent Weigh the following raw materials according to the following proportions by weight: 3 parts sodium alginate, 5 parts pullulan polysaccharide, 1.5 parts lecithin, 1 part glycerol, 40 parts modified composite clay powder, 3 parts ternary composite microspheres, and 8 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder.

[0030] Add deionized water to the mixing tank (the amount of deionized water should account for 70% of the volume of the mixing tank), heat to 40°C, and add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin and glycerol in sequence while stirring at 400 rpm, and stir for 20 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 12000 rpm, slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 15 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 500 rpm, add the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder in sequence, and continue stirring for 8 minutes; Spirulina cyanin is added for coloring, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid. After adjustment, the mixture is filtered to obtain the seed coating agent.

[0031] 4. Preparation of coated rapeseed seeds The rapeseed seeds to be sown are mixed with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:40, and coated rapeseed seeds are obtained by using a coating machine.

[0032] 5. For the planting of coated rapeseed seeds, the field should be drained and dried 10 days before the rice harvest. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Example 3: A planting method for rapeseed in paddy fields that is resistant to waterlogging, drought, and high yield, specifically including the following steps: 1. Modification of kaolin and diatomaceous earth Six parts of erythritol and ten parts of citric acid were refluxed at 85°C for 2.5 hours. Then, the temperature was maintained at 65°C, and 18 parts of kaolin powder and 8 parts of diatomaceous earth powder were added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 2.5 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying, grinding and sieving, modified composite clay powder was obtained. The temperature is controlled at 65℃ during low-temperature drying.

[0034] 2. Stepwise modification of jasmonic acid Dissolve 5 parts sodium alginate, 3 parts gelatin and 9 parts maltodextrin in 160 parts deionized water at 55℃, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 3 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 2 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir, and obtain solution B; Solution C is obtained by dissolving 1 part jasmonic acid in 5 parts anhydrous ethanol; Under high-speed shearing at 10050 rpm, solution C was added dropwise to solution B, and after stirring for 8 minutes, spray drying was performed to obtain microsphere particles. The above microspheres were dispersed in deionized water, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption, and then crosslinked and solidified with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After solidification, the microspheres were washed and dried at low temperature to obtain ternary composite microspheres. The inlet air temperature for spray drying is 162℃, and the outlet air temperature is 62℃.

[0035] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent Weigh the following raw materials according to the following proportions by weight: 2 parts sodium alginate, 8 parts pullulan polysaccharide, 1 part lecithin, 1.5 parts glycerol, 35 parts modified composite clay powder, 5 parts ternary composite microspheres, and 6 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder.

[0036] Add deionized water to the mixing tank (the amount of deionized water should account for 65% of the volume of the mixing tank), heat to 42°C, and add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin and glycerin in sequence while stirring at 300 rpm, and stir for 30 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 10,000 rpm, slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 18 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 350 rpm, add the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder in sequence, and continue stirring for 10 minutes; Spirulina cyanin is added for coloring, and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with citric acid. After adjustment, the mixture is filtered to obtain the seed coating agent.

[0037] 4. Preparation of coated rapeseed seeds The rapeseed seeds to be sown are mixed with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:30, and coated rapeseed seeds are obtained by using a coating machine.

[0038] 5. For the planting of coated rapeseed seeds, the field should be drained and dried 8 days before the rice harvest. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: A field experiment was conducted with 2 factors and a total of 4 treatments. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The treatment conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1 Summary of Processing Conditions Each treatment was planted in separate rows within the same field, with a 50cm spacing between treatments. Each treatment consisted of 12 rows of rapeseed. The seed rate was 300g per acre, and the density was 30,000 plants per acre. 50kg of rapeseed-specific compound fertilizer was applied per acre, and other management practices were the same as usual.

[0041] The specific measurement indicators are as follows: (1) Soil temperature: Soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was measured using a curved tube thermometer during the seedling and budding stages of rapeseed. Three points were measured in each plot: between wide rows, between narrow rows, and between plants, with all sampling points kept on the same line. The measurement times were 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00, and the average value was taken as the soil temperature of rapeseed during that growth stage.

[0042] (2) Soil moisture content: Soil samples were collected during the seedling and budding stages of rapeseed, and the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm was determined by the drying and weighing method. Three sampling points were set up in each plot: wide row spacing, narrow row spacing, and plant spacing. All sampling points were kept on the same line.

[0043] (3) Emergence rate: Emergence area / plot area.

[0044] (4) Weed quantity: After rapeseed sowing, three areas of 1m² were randomly selected from each treatment. 2 Weeds should be weighed at the seedling stage and the budding stage (weeds inside the plastic film are not counted).

[0045] (5) Economic yield of each plot: After the grains in each plot are harvested and naturally dried, they are weighed and converted into yield per mu.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 To investigate the effects of different treatments on soil temperature in the 0–10 cm soil layer, the soil temperature in the mulched treatment was significantly higher than that in the unmulched treatment during the rapeseed seedling and budding stages, while the temperature difference between the mulched and unmulched treatments was not significant. This indicates that mulching can increase soil temperature and promote early development in rapeseed.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4To investigate the effects of different treatments on soil moisture content in the 0–20 cm soil layer, the soil moisture content in the mulched treatment was significantly higher than that in the unmulched treatment during the rapeseed seedling and budding stages, while the difference in moisture content between the mulched and unmulched treatments was not significant. This indicates that mulching can collect rainwater and retain soil moisture.

[0048] Table 2. Effects of each treatment in Comparative Example 1 on rapeseed emergence rate, weed quantity, and yield. Table 2 shows the effects of each treatment on rapeseed emergence rate, weed quantity, and yield. The emergence rate of the furrowed treatment was significantly higher than that of the non-furrowed treatment, indicating that if rainfall occurs after rapeseed sowing, furrowing facilitates drainage and prevents soil waterlogging from affecting rapeseed emergence. Under furrowed conditions, mulching significantly promoted rapeseed emergence compared to no mulching; however, mulching had little impact on emergence under non-furrowed conditions. Due to the low early-stage emergence rate in the non-furrowed treatment, large areas of the plot were missing seedlings, resulting in significantly higher weed quantity during the seedling and budding stages in the non-furrowed treatment compared to the furrowed treatment. Under furrowed conditions, mulching significantly reduced weed quantity during the seedling and budding stages compared to no mulching, which is related not only to the higher seedling rate but also to the mulch covering and inhibiting weed growth. Ultimately, the yield of the non-furrowed treatment was significantly lower than that of the furrowed treatment due to gaps in the rows during the seedling stage and rampant weed growth. Under ditching treatment, mulching significantly increased rapeseed yield compared to no mulching. This is closely related to the fact that mulching increases soil temperature and moisture content, promotes seedling emergence, and reduces weeds.

[0049] In summary, the planting method provided by this invention has beneficial effects on both "flood resistance and seedling protection" and "drought resistance and harvest protection" for rapeseed in paddy fields.

[0050] Comparative Example 2: Unlike Example 3, erythritol and citric acid were not used to modify kaolin and diatomaceous earth. Instead, erythritol and citric acid were directly added as raw materials to the preparation process of the seed coating agent. Kaolin powder and diatomaceous earth powder were mixed in a weight ratio of 9:4 to obtain mixed clay powder. Weigh the following ingredients by weight: 2 parts sodium alginate, 8 parts pullulan, 1 part lecithin, 1.5 parts glycerol, 35 parts mixed clay powder, 5 parts ternary composite microspheres, 6 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder, 6 parts erythritol and 10 parts citric acid.

[0051] Add deionized water to the mixing tank (the amount of deionized water should account for 65% of the volume of the mixing tank), heat to 42°C, and add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin, glycerol, erythritol and citric acid in sequence while stirring at 300 rpm, and stir for 30 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 10,000 rpm, slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 18 minutes; The remaining steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0052] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that in the modification process of jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid was first mixed with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, and then modified with Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and vitamin C: One part of jasmonic acid was dissolved in five parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution A. Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise to solution A and stirred to adsorb the adsorption. Then, it was cross-linked and cured with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After curing, it was spray-dried to obtain microsphere particles. Dissolve 5 parts sodium alginate, 3 parts gelatin and 9 parts maltodextrin in 160 parts deionized water at 55℃, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution B; Add 3 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 2 parts of vitamin C to solution B, stir, and obtain solution C; The above microspheres were dispersed in deionized water and mixed with solution C. The mixture was stirred for 8 minutes at a speed of 10050 rpm and then spray-dried to obtain ternary composite microspheres.

[0053] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0054] Experimental example: The rapeseed planted in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested for lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold resistance. The specific test results are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Summary of Test Results for Lodging Resistance, Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance of Rapeseed As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, if erythritol and citric acid are not used to modify kaolin and diatomaceous earth, but are directly added as raw materials to the preparation process of seed coating agent, the disease resistance and cold resistance of rapeseed will both deteriorate.

[0056] As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, if jasmonic acid is first crosslinked with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt in the stepwise modification of jasmonic acid, and then modified with Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and vitamin C, the lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold resistance of rapeseed will be significantly reduced.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting rapeseed in paddy fields to ensure seedling survival against waterlogging and harvest against drought, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Drain and dry the fields 7 to 10 days before rice harvest; (2) After the rice is harvested, the straw is crushed on a sunny day and the crushed straw is evenly dispersed in the soil of the field; (3) When there is no standing water in the field and the tractor will not get stuck, plowing and rotary tilling shall be carried out; (4) Carry out trenching operations and level the raised areas of the ground; (5) After leveling, cover with film, fertilize and sow coated rapeseed seeds; The coated rapeseed seeds are prepared from rapeseed seeds to be sown and a seed coating agent. The seed coating agent is prepared from 1-3 parts sodium alginate, 5-10 parts pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, 1-2 parts glycerol, 25-40 parts modified composite clay powder, 3-6 parts ternary composite microspheres, and 3-8 parts beneficial microbial spore powder. The preparation method of the modified composite clay powder is as follows: 5-8 parts of erythritol and 8-12 parts of citric acid were refluxed at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours. Then, the temperature was maintained at 60-70°C, and 15-22 parts of kaolin powder and 5-10 parts of diatomaceous earth powder were added. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 2-3 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying, grinding and sieving, modified composite clay powder was obtained. The preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres is as follows: Dissolve 4-6 parts sodium alginate, 2-4 parts gelatin and 8-12 parts maltodextrin in 150-170 parts deionized water at 50-60℃, stir until completely dissolved and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 2-4 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir to obtain solution B, and dissolve 0.8-1.2 parts of jasmonic acid in 4-6 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; Solution C was added dropwise to solution B under high-speed shearing, and after stirring, it was spray-dried to obtain microspheres. The microspheres were dispersed in deionized water, and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption. Then, it was cross-linked and cured with sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After curing, it was washed and dried at low temperature to obtain ternary composite microspheres.

2. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to waterlogging and ensures seedling survival, and is resistant to drought and ensures harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The specific method for preparing the coated rapeseed seeds is as follows: the rapeseed seeds to be sown are mixed with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:25 to 1:40, and the coated rapeseed seeds are obtained under the action of a coating machine.

3. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to flooding and drought and ensures a good harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The preparation process of the seed coating agent is as follows: Add deionized water to a mixing tank and heat to 40-45°C. While stirring at 200-400 rpm, add 1-3 parts sodium alginate, 5-10 parts pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, and 1-2 parts glycerol in sequence, and stir for 20-40 minutes. Increase the rotation speed to 8000-12000 rpm, and slowly add 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 15-20 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 300-500 rpm, add 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder in sequence, and continue stirring for 8-12 minutes; Add 0.1 to 0.5 parts of spirulina blue protein for coloring, adjust the pH to between 5.8 and 6.5 with citric acid, filter after adjustment, and the seed coating agent is obtained.

4. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to waterlogging and ensures seedling survival, and is resistant to drought and ensures harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In the preparation method of modified composite clay powder, the temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 60-70℃; In the preparation method of ternary composite microspheres, the inlet air temperature of spray drying is 160-165℃ and the outlet air temperature is 60-70℃.

5. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to flooding and drought and ensures a good harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step (3), the tillage depth is ≥25cm and the rotary tillage depth is ≥15cm; In step (4), the trench is 30cm deep and 20cm wide, and the planting bed is 140cm wide. In step (5), after leveling, the mulch, fertilizer and sowing are carried out according to the ratio of wide row to narrow row = 50cm: 30cm.

6. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to flooding and drought and ensures a good harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The straw crushing length in step (2) should be ≤10cm, the uneven spreading rate should be ≤15%, and the average stubble height should be ≤10cm.

7. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to flooding and drought and ensures a good harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step (3), the tractor should not get stuck, meaning the depth of an adult's foot sinking into the tractor should be ≤2cm.

8. The planting method for paddy field rapeseed that is resistant to flooding and drought and ensures a good harvest, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step (5), mulching, sowing, and fertilization are carried out simultaneously by a double-ridge rapeseed film-side seeder. The wide rows are covered with 50cm ordinary white polyethylene film, with a 30cm gap between the films. Sowing is carried out on both sides of the film. Two films are laid on each ridge, with a 5cm gap between the edge of the film and the edge of the ridge.

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