A method for cultivating red pine improved variety

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties. It addresses the problems of incompatibility and low survival rates encountered in existing grafting methods for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties. This invention significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of scions by creating a ring-shaped area for nutrient and hormone enrichment and the combined effect of a moisturizing colloid. Furthermore, the invention fosters the growth of a burl at the bottom of the slanted graft hole, forming a tenon-and-mortise structure between the rootstock and the scion after successful grafting. This prevents foreign body rejection issues such as resin exudation and comb-like separation at the graft union, as well as expulsion or wind breakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for introducing and cultivating Korean pine. Background Technology

[0002] Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), also known as Korean fruit pine or Korean pine, is a tree belonging to the genus Pinus in the family Pinaceae. It is a semi-shade-loving species found in mountainous areas, and its main distribution area is in China, including the Changbai Mountains and the Zhangguangcai Mountains, Laoye Mountains, Wanda Mountains, and Lesser Khingan Mountains to the north. Internationally, it is mainly distributed in the southern Russian Far East, the Korean Peninsula, and Honshu and Shikoku in Japan. Korean pine has a straight trunk, excellent wood quality, stable stands, nutritious and delicious fruit, and its pollen is valuable, giving it significant economic value. Furthermore, it is a component of the top-level ecological community of Korean pine mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in Northeast China, possessing important ecological value. The purpose of Korean pine breeding is to cultivate genetically improved varieties for afforestation, thereby increasing the economic and social value of plantations. Due to the limited distribution area, Korean pine breeding work has been relatively limited. Large-scale genetic improvement work on Korean pine began in the 1980s, primarily using natural Korean pine forests as the selection population. Seed sources or superior trees were selected according to provenance zoning, establishing more than 20 primary seed orchards. The breeding of superior Korean pine varieties has evolved from selection based on timber properties to selection based on seed quality. Initially, Korean pine seed orchards focused on timber quality, primarily considering factors such as trunk straightness, timber properties, and environmental factors. With economic and social development, Korean pine nuts have become an important dried fruit food, and the breeding of superior varieties has begun to use seed yield and morphology as indicators. As people's perceptions have changed, while emphasizing taste, they are increasingly focusing on nutrition and health. Therefore, the breeding of superior Korean pine varieties has also begun to focus on improving the intrinsic quality of the seeds, using nutritional qualities such as oil, moisture, carbohydrates, and polysaccharides as reference indicators.

[0003] In the introduction and cultivation of improved Korean pine varieties, grafting with different rootstocks initially shows good compatibility, but incompatibility only appears after 5-10 years. This incompatibility manifests as resin exudation and comb-like separation at the graft union, indicating foreign rejection. In severe cases, the scion's growth portion is squeezed out by the rootstock and dies. Furthermore, high-branch grafts, due to their tall stature, also pose a risk of wind breakage. Simultaneously, because Korean pine grows slowly, existing grafting methods result in low survival rates. The low nutrient transport efficiency at the graft union leads to insufficient nutrients and low rooting rates, further contributing to the declining survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of incompatibility and low survival rate in the existing grafting process of introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties, this invention proposes a method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties.

[0005] The method for introducing and cultivating superior varieties of Korean pine in this invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] 1. After the temperature stabilizes above 10℃, select robust and healthy rootstocks free from pests and diseases;

[0007] 2. Cut the bark off the rootstock to form a flat ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium; and make an angled hole in the center of the ring;

[0008] 3. Spray growth hormone at the bottom of the inclined hole, fill the inclined hole with moisturizing colloid, and seal the opening of the inclined hole.

[0009] The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid is as follows: 2-5 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 12-15 hours, then 2.5-3 g of poloxamer 188 and 1-5 mL of lactic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

[0010] 4. After 45 to 60 days, open the slanted hole; the callus tissue at the bottom of the slanted hole where growth hormone is sprayed grows to form a burl, and a hole is drilled in the burl.

[0011] 5. Select healthy and disease-free branches from red pine trees as scions; make two ring cuts at the lower end of the scion, the first ring cut to the cambium, and the second ring cut to the xylem on the basis of the first ring cut at the bottom; make one ring cut in the middle of the scion, ring cut to the xylem.

[0012] The scion is 4-10cm in length and 1-1.5cm in diameter;

[0013] 6. Insert the bottom of the scion into the hole in the burl at the bottom of the slanted hole, ensuring that the upper part of the scion is inside the slanted hole. Fill the gap between the scion and the slanted hole with moisturizing colloid, then seal the opening of the slanted hole with paraffin wax, and finally tie the scion with a cable tie to complete the grafting.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] This invention first involves cutting the bark off the rootstock surface to form a planar ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium. After the rootstock surface is cut, the callus function is rapidly activated within the planar ring-shaped cut area, resulting in rapid cell proliferation and active cell division. Nutrients and hormones accumulate within the planar ring-shaped cut area, forming a ring-shaped area of ​​active nutrient and hormone accumulation. The moisturizing colloid used in this invention has a mesh-like porous structure. Filling the inclined pores with the moisturizing colloid allows for the storage of nutrients and the exchange and transport of water and nutrients for subsequent scion growth. Therefore, this invention, through the combined effect of setting up a ring-shaped area of ​​active nutrient and hormone accumulation and the moisturizing colloid, significantly improves both the survival rate and growth rate of the scion.

[0016] In this invention, a burl grows at the bottom of the inclined hole at 45-60 degrees after drilling. A hole is drilled in the burl, and the bottom of the scion is inserted into the hole, allowing the scion and burl to grow together as one. The burl in the rootstock forms a callus mechanism, so its growth rate is much faster than that of the scion. As the scion survives and develops, a structure with a larger diameter proliferator inside and a smaller diameter scion outside is formed on the rootstock. Over time, a tenon-and-mortise structure is formed between the root of the surviving scion and the rootstock, avoiding foreign body rejection such as resin flow and comb-like separation at the grafting point, as well as foreign body rejection, extrusion, or wind breakage. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rootstock (ungrafted scion) in Example 1;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rootstock (grafting scion) in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the scion structure in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.

[0021] Specific Implementation Method 1: This implementation method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties follows these steps:

[0022] 1. After the temperature stabilizes above 10℃, select robust and healthy rootstocks free from pests and diseases;

[0023] 2. Cut the bark off the rootstock to form a flat ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium; and make an angled hole in the center of the ring;

[0024] 3. Spray growth hormone at the bottom of the inclined hole, fill the inclined hole with moisturizing colloid, and seal the opening of the inclined hole.

[0025] The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid is as follows: 2-5 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 12-15 hours, then 2.5-3 g of poloxamer 188 and 1-5 mL of lactic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

[0026] 4. After 45 to 60 days, open the slanted hole; the callus tissue at the bottom of the slanted hole where growth hormone is sprayed grows to form a burl, and a hole is drilled in the burl.

[0027] 5. Select healthy and disease-free branches from red pine trees as scions; make two ring cuts at the lower end of the scion, the first ring cut to the cambium, and the second ring cut to the xylem on the basis of the first ring cut at the bottom; make one ring cut in the middle of the scion, ring cut to the xylem.

[0028] The scion is 4-10cm in length and 1-1.5cm in diameter;

[0029] 6. Insert the bottom of the scion into the hole in the burl at the bottom of the slanted hole, ensuring that the upper part of the scion is inside the slanted hole. Fill the gap between the scion and the slanted hole with moisturizing colloid, then seal the opening of the slanted hole with paraffin wax, and finally tie the scion with a cable tie to complete the grafting.

[0030] This embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This embodiment first involves cutting and removing the bark from the rootstock surface to form a planar ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium. After the rootstock surface is cut, the callus function is rapidly activated within the planar ring-shaped cut area, cells proliferate quickly, cell division is active, and nutrients and hormones accumulate within the planar ring-shaped cut area, forming a ring-shaped area of ​​active accumulation of nutrients and hormones. The moisturizing colloid used in this embodiment has a mesh-like porous structure. Filling the inclined pores with the moisturizing colloid allows for the storage of nutrients and the exchange and transport of water and nutrients for subsequent scion growth. Therefore, this embodiment, through the combined effect of setting up a ring-shaped area of ​​active accumulation of nutrients and hormones and the moisturizing colloid, significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of the scion.

[0032] In this embodiment, a burl grows at the bottom of the slanted hole 45-60 minutes after drilling. A hole is drilled in the burl, and the bottom of the scion is inserted into the burl hole, allowing the scion and burl to grow together as one. The burl in the rootstock forms a callus mechanism, so its growth rate is much faster than that of the scion. As the scion survives and develops, a structure with a larger diameter proliferator inside and a smaller diameter scion outside is formed on the rootstock. Over time, a tenon-and-mortise structure is formed between the root of the surviving scion and the rootstock, avoiding foreign body rejection such as resin flow and comb-like separation at the grafting point, as well as foreign body rejection, extrusion, or wind breakage.

[0033] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that: in step one, the rootstock is pruned before grafting to remove weak branches, diseased branches, and overly dense branches.

[0034] Specific Implementation Method 3: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method 1 or 2 in that the width of the ring described in step 2 is 2cm-3cm, and the outer diameter of the ring is 15-20cm.

[0035] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method differs from one of the specific implementation methods one to three in that the diameter of the inclined hole described in step two is 1~1.5cm and the depth is 2~3cm.

[0036] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Four in that the rootstock mentioned in step two is Scots pine or red pine.

[0037] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Five in that the lower part of the inclined hole described in step two is inclined toward the center of the rootstock.

[0038] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Six in that: the preparation method of the moisturizing colloid in step three is as follows: 2 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, then 3 g of poloxamer 188 and 4 mL of lactic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

[0039] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Seven in that the scion described in step five is 8cm long and 1.5cm in diameter.

[0040] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight in that the growth hormone mentioned in step three is indolebutyric acid.

[0041] Specific Implementation Method 10: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods 1 to 9 in that: the preparation method of the moisturizing colloid in step 3 is as follows: 5 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 12-15 hours, then 3 g of poloxamer 188 and 1-5 mL of lactic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties in this embodiment follows these steps:

[0044] I. The experimental site was selected from the Korean pine seed forest in Maoershan Forest Farm. After the temperature stabilized above 10℃, robust and healthy rootstocks free from pests and diseases were selected. Before grafting, the rootstocks were pruned to remove weak, diseased, and overly dense branches.

[0045] 2. Cut the bark off the rootstock to form a flat ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium; the ring is 3cm wide and 20cm in outer diameter; make an inclined hole in the center of the ring, with the lower part of the inclined hole sloping towards the center of the rootstock, the diameter of the inclined hole is 1.5cm and the depth is 3cm; the rootstock is red pine.

[0046] 3. Spray the growth hormone indolebutyric acid at the bottom of the inclined hole, fill the inclined hole with moisturizing colloid, and seal the opening of the inclined hole.

[0047] The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid is as follows: 2 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 15 hours, then 3 g of poloxamer 188 and 4 mL of lactic acid are added and stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

[0048] 4. After 60 days, open the slanted hole; the callus tissue at the bottom of the slanted hole where growth hormone is sprayed grows to form a burl, and a hole is drilled in the burl.

[0049] 5. Select robust and healthy branches free from pests and diseases from red pine trees as scions; make two ring cuts at the lower end of the scion, the first ring cut to the cambium, and the second ring cut to the xylem based on the first ring cut at the bottom; make one ring cut in the middle of the scion, ring cut to the xylem; the scion is 8cm long and 1.5cm in diameter.

[0050] 6. Insert the bottom of the scion into the hole in the burl at the bottom of the slanted hole, ensuring that the upper part of the scion is inside the slanted hole. Fill the gap between the scion and the slanted hole with moisturizing colloid, then seal the opening of the slanted hole with paraffin wax, and finally tie the scion with a cable tie to complete the grafting.

[0051] This embodiment first involves cutting and removing the bark from the rootstock surface to form a planar ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium. After the rootstock surface is cut, the callus function is rapidly activated within the planar ring-shaped cut area, cells proliferate quickly, cell division is active, and nutrients and hormones accumulate within the planar ring-shaped cut area, forming a ring-shaped area of ​​active accumulation of nutrients and hormones. The moisturizing colloid used has a mesh-like porous structure. Filling the inclined pores with the moisturizing colloid allows for the storage of nutrients and the exchange and transport of water and nutrients for subsequent scion growth. Therefore, the combined effect of setting up a ring-shaped area of ​​active accumulation of nutrients and hormones and the moisturizing colloid significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of the scion. Sixty minutes after the initial drilling, a burl forms at the bottom of the slanted hole. A hole is drilled in the burl, and the bottom of the scion is inserted into the hole, allowing the scion and burl to grow together as one. The burl in the rootstock forms a callus mechanism, so its growth rate is much faster than that of the scion. As the scion survives and develops, a structure with a larger diameter proliferator inside and a smaller diameter scion outside is formed on the rootstock. Over time, a tenon-and-mortise structure forms between the root of the surviving scion and the rootstock, preventing foreign body rejection such as resin flow and comb-like separation at the grafting point, as well as foreign body rejection, extrusion, or wind breakage.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: Unlike Example 1, this example uses a conventional grafting method. The specific process is as follows: Select well-developed branches with plump buds free from pests and diseases, with a length of 8cm and a diameter of 1.5cm. Graft the scion onto the rootstock using the cleft grafting method. Use a clefting knife to make a 2-3cm deep cut from the center of the rootstock. Shape the base of the scion into a wedge shape with two symmetrical cut surfaces. Insert the scion into the cleft of the rootstock and wrap the interface with plastic wrap.

[0053] Comparative Example 2: Unlike Example 1, in step three, the growth hormone indolebutyric acid was not sprayed at the bottom of the inclined hole, and the inclined hole was not filled with moisturizing colloid. In step four, no hole was drilled in the burl inside the inclined hole; in step six, the bottom of the scion was not inserted into the burl. Other processes were the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 3: Unlike Example 1, step two did not involve cutting and peeling the bark on the rootstock to form a flat ring. Instead, an inclined hole was drilled in the rootstock, with the lower part of the hole inclined towards the center of the rootstock. The diameter of the inclined hole was 1.5 cm and the depth was 3 cm. Other processes were the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 4: Unlike Example 1, step three did not completely fill the inclined orifice with moisturizing colloid. Other processes were the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 all used Korean pine as rootstock, and the grafting heights were set at 1, 3, 5, and 7 meters, respectively. Fifty grafts were grafted at each height, and the results were tracked and recorded for three years. The experimental results are as follows:

[0057] 1. In Example 1, the grafting survival rate in the first year was 97.5%, and the average length of the scion increased by 15cm. The growth direction of the scions at the 1, 3, and 5 meter positions did not change, while the growth direction of 2% of the scions at the 7 meter position changed. However, no resin flow, separation, extrusion, or wind breakage occurred at the grafting interface.

[0058] 2. In Comparative Example 1, the grafting survival rate in the first year was 67.2%, and the average length of the scion increased by 6 cm. The growth direction of the scions at the 1, 3, and 5 meter positions remained unchanged. At the 7 meter position, the growth direction of 55% of the scions changed, and 24% of the scions experienced resin exudation, separation, extrusion, or wind breakage at the grafting point.

[0059] 3. In Comparative Example 2, the grafting survival rate in the first year was 88.2%, and the average length of the scion increased by 12cm. The growth direction of the scions at the 1, 3, and 5 meter positions remained unchanged. At the 7 meter position, the growth direction of 33% of the scions changed, and 11% of the scions experienced resin exudation, separation, extrusion, or wind breakage at the grafting point.

[0060] 4. In Comparative Example 3, the grafting survival rate in the first year was 90.2%, and the average length of the scion increased by 13cm. The growth direction of the scions at the 1, 3, and 5 meter positions did not change. At the 7 meter position, 1% of the scions changed their growth direction, and 1% of the scions experienced resin exudation, separation, extrusion, or wind breakage at the grafting point.

[0061] 5. In Comparative Example 4, the grafting survival rate in the first year was 96.1%, and the average length of the scion increased by 13cm. The growth direction of the scions at the 1, 3, and 5-meter positions did not change, while the growth direction of 3% of the scions at the 7-meter position changed. However, no resin flow, separation, extrusion, or wind breakage occurred at the grafting interface.

Claims

1. A method for introducing and cultivating superior varieties of Korean pine, characterized in that: The introduction and cultivation of superior Korean pine varieties shall be carried out in the following steps:

1. After the temperature stabilizes above 10℃, select robust and healthy rootstocks free from pests and diseases; 2. Cut the bark off the rootstock to form a flat ring, cutting down to the phloem without damaging the cambium; and make an angled hole in the center of the ring; 3. Spray growth hormone at the bottom of the inclined hole, fill the inclined hole with moisturizing colloid, and seal the opening of the inclined hole. The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid is as follows: 2-5 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 12-15 hours, then 2.5-3 g of poloxamer 188 and 1-5 mL of lactic acid are added, and the mixture is stirred under ultrasound for 2 hours.

4. After 45 to 60 days, open the slanted hole; the callus tissue at the bottom of the slanted hole where growth hormone is sprayed grows to form a burl, and a hole is drilled in the burl.

5. Select healthy and disease-free branches from red pine trees as scions; make two ring cuts at the lower end of the scion, the first ring cut to the cambium, and the second ring cut to the xylem on the basis of the first ring cut at the bottom; make one ring cut in the middle of the scion, ring cut to the xylem. The scion is 4-10cm in length and 1-1.5cm in diameter; 6. Insert the bottom of the scion into the hole in the burl at the bottom of the slanted hole, ensuring that the upper part of the scion is in the slanted hole. Fill the gap between the scion and the slanted hole with moisturizing colloid, then seal the opening of the slanted hole with paraffin wax, and finally tie the scion with a cable tie to complete the grafting. The width of the ring described in step two is 2cm-3cm, and the outer diameter of the ring is 15-20cm; The diameter of the inclined hole described in step two is 1~1.5cm, and the depth is 2~3cm; The rootstock mentioned in step two is either Scots pine or Korean pine.

2. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Prune the rootstock before grafting, removing weak, diseased, and overly dense branches.

3. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the inclined hole described in step two is inclined toward the center of the rootstock.

4. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid in step three is as follows: Mix 2 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl, stir at room temperature for 15 hours, then add 3 g of poloxamer 188 and 4 mL of lactic acid, and stir under ultrasound for 2 hours.

5. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scion described in step five is 8cm long and 1.5cm in diameter.

6. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth hormone mentioned in step three is indolebutyric acid.

7. The method for introducing and cultivating superior Korean pine varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the moisturizing colloid in step three is as follows: Mix 5 mL of glutaraldehyde and 75 mg of NaCl, stir at room temperature for 12-15 hours, then add 3 g of poloxamer 188 and 1-5 mL of lactic acid, and stir under ultrasound for 2 hours.

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