Dust suppression device for open-pit truck transportation based on dust zoning control

Abstract

The open-pit mine truck transportation dust production and position division suppression and disaster elimination device belongs to the technical field of mine dust prevention and control, and aims to build a closed loop chain of advanced monitoring, partition regulation and multi-source collaborative governance. The dust source dynamic perception monitoring unit dynamically perceives the migration characteristics of dust clouds through a tracer type dust advanced anti-vibration identification system. The multi-level partition regulation feedback unit sets dust gradient thresholds for axles, frames and cabs, and dynamically feeds back and regulates the multi-zone node gradient control system. The disaster source based dust suppression and control unit uses a shaft area three-effect ring curtain suction dust prevention device to automatically remove dust from the bearing area under the drive of rotary scraping and washing. It is equipped with an automatic multi-stage fogging dust removal device for the frame to perform multi-layer targeted spray dust removal. With the help of a directional air curtain back-suction self-cleaning dust control system, dust is captured efficiently through hierarchical interception, and a wide-area barrier and directional reinforced collaborative protection zone is established to achieve open-pit mine truck transportation dust disaster suppression and efficient disaster elimination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dust control and disaster mitigation device for open-pit mine truck transportation, which involves intelligent dust monitoring technology and dust prevention and control technology for open-pit mine truck transportation. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining operations are conducted directly on the surface, resulting in severe and widespread dust pollution that significantly impacts the surrounding environment. When transporting ore using mining trucks, dust is kicked up from the road surface by the trucks. Simultaneously, during transport, the dust deposited on the road surface is subjected to pressure, vibration, and airflow from the passing trucks, causing it to move irregularly and generate secondary dust. This dust spreads widely throughout the transport area, covering the transport trucks and causing mechanical wear and tear, shortening their lifespan, and obstructing the driver's vision, creating safety hazards. Furthermore, drivers working in this environment for extended periods inhale large amounts of dust, seriously harming their health. Long-term inhalation of dust can cause respiratory inflammation and even lead to serious diseases such as pneumoconiosis.

[0003] Currently, dust problems generated during the movement and loading / unloading of mining trucks are becoming increasingly prominent in open-pit mines and heavy transportation operations. While traditional water spraying can suppress road dust in the short term, it consumes a large amount of water, has a short duration of effect, and is unsuitable for continuous transportation conditions. Soil stabilization for dust control relies on laying base materials to improve road surface stability, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs and insufficient flexibility. Spraying dust suppressants can prolong the dust control effect through moisture absorption and adhesion, but the material costs are high, and there are potential environmental risks. These measures mostly focus on surface dust control on transportation roads, lacking targeted control over high-dust-generating sensitive areas such as the truck's axles, frame, and cab. This leads to the continuous accumulation of dust in localized areas and its diffusion into the work space, making it difficult to achieve refined dust control. Based on this, this patent proposes a dust suppression and disaster relief device for open-pit mining truck transportation. By identifying key dust-generating areas of the mining truck and determining the dust level in stages, it activates multi-level dust suppression measures such as air curtain protection, directional spraying, and negative pressure back suction in a coordinated manner. This achieves targeted suppression and continuous treatment under different areas and different dust levels, effectively reducing the dust exposure intensity in the cab and surrounding working environment, and improving the safety and health protection level of transportation operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the dust suppression and disaster elimination device for open-pit mine truck transportation according to the present invention can implement precise localized suppression and control at the source of dust generation. Through the synergistic effect of multi-level zoning identification and targeted dust suppression, it can efficiently block and reduce dust migration channels, suppress the continuous accumulation and diffusion of transportation dust, and thus effectively eliminate the disaster hazards caused by dust in open-pit mine truck transportation.

[0005] This invention provides a dust source-based zoned control and disaster mitigation device for open-pit mine truck transportation, comprising three parts: a dust source dynamic sensing and monitoring unit, a multi-level zoned regulation and feedback unit, and a disaster source-based dust suppression and treatment unit.

[0006] The dust source dynamic sensing and monitoring unit proposed in this invention includes a tracer-type dust advanced vibration detection system; a multi-level zone control and feedback unit to set up a mining card dust tiered zone targeted joint control system; and a disaster source-based dust suppression and treatment unit including an axial domain three-effect ring curtain suction dust prevention device, a frame automated multi-level atomization dust removal device, and a directional air curtain back suction self-cleaning dust control system.

[0007] The aforementioned tracer-type dust advanced vibration prevention and detection system is distributed in key locations of the mining truck—the axle, frame, and cab area—to perform zoned advanced monitoring of dust generated during the operation of the mining truck. It consists of a vibration prevention steady-state support module, a multi-spectral fusion sensing module, and a tracer recognition and inversion module.

[0008] Optionally, the vibration-damping steady-state support module includes a damping vibration-reducing bearing base, a central gyroscope-driven stabilizer, and an inertial vibration compensation stabilizing screw. It also uses multi-level elastic vibration isolation layers to attenuate external vibrations and impacts in stages, in order to compensate for signal interference caused by mining truck travel, uneven road surfaces, and equipment operation.

[0009] Optionally, the damping and vibration reduction bearing base is composed of a high-strength bearing frame, a composite damping layer, and elastic vibration isolation elements. The bearing frame is used to support the upper dust detection system and bear the operating load. The composite damping layer absorbs external vibration energy through material internal friction and shear deformation. The elastic vibration isolation elements are used to isolate and attenuate the impact and low-frequency vibration from the vehicle body and the road surface.

[0010] Optionally, the central gyroscope-driven stabilizer is used to sense the angular velocity and attitude changes of the dust detection system in real time during operation. By combining gyroscope feedback with multi-directional co-control spring drive, the spring is made to generate elastic stretching and compression deformation in different directions to absorb and correct the displacement deviation generated during operation, and to achieve dynamic compensation of attitude deviation through elastic vibration isolation offset.

[0011] Optionally, the inertial vibration compensation stabilizing screw is arranged at the four corners of the staggered position of the multi-directional control spring. The position of the screw is adjusted in real time according to vibration or attitude feedback. By converting the displacement caused by external vibration into a controllable axial compensation stroke, the inertial vibration generated by the mining truck's travel, sliding steering and impact load is dynamically corrected, effectively suppressing structural sway and cumulative displacement drift.

[0012] The multispectral fusion sensing module consists of a laser scattering sensor, a charge sensing probe, and a visual thermal disturbance imager. It combines laser scattering, charge sensing, multispectral image recognition, and tracer tracking technologies to achieve real-time identification and prediction of the spatial distribution, migration trajectory, and concentration gradient of dust clouds.

[0013] Optionally, the laser scattering sensor generates a side-scattered light signal when a dust cloud enters the laser beam. The scattered light receiving unit collects scattered light at different angles and intensities, and the signal processing circuit amplifies, filters, and analyzes the collected signal, thereby converting the change in scattered light intensity into dust concentration and particle size characteristic information, realizing rapid response and continuous monitoring of changes in dust concentration.

[0014] Optionally, the charge sensing probe is independent of optical path conditions and can work stably in optical detection blind zones with high concentration obstruction, insufficient illumination, or limited optical field of view. It complements and collaborates with the laser scattering sensor to achieve continuous sensing of dust cloud concentration fluctuations and migration characteristics.

[0015] Optionally, the visual thermal disturbance imager can visually identify the contour evolution, diffusion direction, and spatial migration of dust clouds. Through comprehensive analysis of airflow thermal disturbance and visual image information, the visual thermal disturbance imager can intuitively present the spatial distribution and migration trend of dust clouds under non-contact conditions.

[0016] Optionally, the tracer identification and inversion module consists of a multi-source data acquisition interface, a dust feature extraction unit, a particle tracking and inversion calculation unit, and a result output and prediction module, employing a dust particle tracking algorithm. C p = f ( I s ( θ ), I q ( t ), U p Furthermore, the dust concentration gradient and time-varying distribution characteristics are coupled and solved.

[0017] Optionally, the dust particle tracking algorithm is based on the laser scattering intensity distribution. I s ( θ ), charge response signal I q ( t ) and local wind speed flow field vector U pThe system comprehensively analyzes and simulates the motion state of dust particles in real time. By mapping scattered light intensity to particle concentration, using charge response signals to reflect the distribution of dust particles in the optical blind zone, and using wind speed vectors to describe the driving effect of airflow, a three-dimensional dynamic concentration field of dust clouds is constructed. This allows for real-time tracking of the spatial migration path, diffusion velocity, and concentration gradient changes of dust clouds, enabling accurate tracing and dynamic prediction of their motion patterns.

[0018] The mining truck tiered zone targeted joint control system is integrated into a vehicle-mounted multi-point dust concentration-particle size-source multimodal data processing module. It performs zone identification and dynamic determination of the dust particle size characteristics and source types around the operating mining truck. Coarse dust particles are identified as dynamic induction sources, mixed dust particles are identified as aerodynamic disturbance sources, and fine dust particles are identified as diffusion and suspension sources. It also identifies the sources at different locations on the wheel axle, chassis, and cab.

[0019] Optionally, based on different location nodes such as wheel axle / frame / cab, the contribution of dust standard concentration ratio, fine particulate dust ratio, and local wind speed vector function to dust migration is quantified, and multiple factors are weighted and integrated to set a comprehensive dust risk index (DRI). MT DRI MT = ω 1 C / C 0+ ω 2 R p + ω 3 f ( U dust ),in, ω i For each weight's contribution, C / C 0 represents the ratio of the measured dust concentration to the reference concentration. R p For fine particle ratio, f ( U dust () is a wind speed vector function, which quantifies the potential hazard level of dust in different areas around the mine car, and incorporates concentration, particle characteristics and airflow field effect into the risk threshold classification and evaluation system.

[0020] Optionally, the risk threshold classification and evaluation system divides dust concentration into three tiers (I, II, and III) based on different nodes at the wheel axle, chassis, and cab. By comparing the dust levels in each zone with the critical thresholds in real time, zoned tiered control measures are implemented. At the wheel axle bearing node of the mining truck, when the dust concentration reaches the set threshold... C wⅠ When the frequency exceeds the critical threshold, start low-frequency purging; when the frequency exceeds the critical threshold, start low-frequency purging. C wⅡAt that time, the negative pressure suction, the ring airflow and the scraping dust removal linkage device are activated to achieve targeted removal of local dust on the wheel axle.

[0021] Optionally, at the location of the mining truck cab, when the dust concentration exceeds a critical threshold... C cⅠ When the concentration exceeds the critical threshold, the system initiates positive pressure ventilation; when the concentration exceeds the critical threshold... C cⅡ At the same time, a dual-channel air spray ring screen isolation is further activated to form an airflow barrier to block dust from entering; when the concentration exceeds the critical threshold, negative pressure back suction and circulating clean chamber are activated to achieve rapid dust removal. The advanced early warning response and feedback control mechanism of the mining truck's multi-zone nodes is coordinated to dynamically adjust the dust prevention strategy according to different concentration levels, so as to achieve real-time, targeted and zoned treatment of dust around the mining truck.

[0022] The axle-area three-effect circumferential screen dust extraction device is steadily fixed by an elastic force-controlled locking device and a heat-dissipating magnetic suction cup. The circumferential screen scraping module and the dust extraction module are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the axle. The dust extraction module includes a dual-zone cyclone guide dust extraction chamber, a primary coarse particle dust filter, a secondary fine particle dust filter, a dust-collecting rubber ring attached to the inner wall, and a detachable layered dust collection box, so as to realize the simultaneous scraping and efficient extraction and removal of dust in the axle area.

[0023] Optionally, the dual-zone cyclone guide dust collection chamber consists of a dual-channel pre-swirl zone and a strong swirl zone. The pre-swirl zone adopts a smaller diameter structure, which enables the incoming dust-laden airflow to quickly form a stable rotation, providing initial angular momentum for the subsequent separation process. After the airflow enters the strong swirl zone, the rotation radius increases and the tangential velocity is significantly improved, which causes the high-concentration dust on the outside of the wheel axle to be effectively thrown towards the chamber wall and re-suctioned and collected under negative pressure.

[0024] Optionally, the primary coarse particle dust filter and the secondary fine particle dust filter are designed with mesh sizes of 70 mesh and 140 mesh, respectively, which can effectively intercept coarse dust particles larger than 200 µm and finer dust particles of 100 µm. The filter is made of high-strength fiber composite filter material, which has high elasticity and tear resistance, ensuring that it is not easily damaged under particle impact.

[0025] Optionally, the dust-catching rubber rings are attached to the inner wall and positioned around the inner wall at the rear end of the dual-zone cyclone dust collection chamber. They come into full contact with the particulate dust that has been initially screened. Through adhesion, embedding, and energy dissipation mechanisms, the dust particles with a certain inertia are effectively captured and fixed to the inner wall surface, preventing them from rebounding or being re-entrained by the airflow.

[0026] Optionally, the elastic force-controlled locking device consists of a screw-locking partition connecting bearing, a bidirectional adjusting push rod element, an arc-shaped flow channel pressure bar component A, an arc-shaped flow channel pressure bar slot B, a quick-locking pin element, and a rectangular cross-section helical compression spring.

[0027] Optionally, the swivel-fixed partitioned connecting bearing is used to achieve a reliable connection between the suction dust collection module and the outer side of the wheel axle. It includes a coaxial inner and outer double-ring rotating bearing unit and a partitioned independent swivel-fixed sleeve, so that the suction channel and the cyclone guide structure are continuously aligned with the high dust accumulation area under rotation, thereby improving the dust collection efficiency on the outer side of the wheel axle.

[0028] The arc-shaped flow channel pressure strip component A is arranged in a ring on the outside of the bidirectional adjustment push rod element, and is quickly assembled and positioned by snapping with the arc-shaped flow channel pressure strip slot B. When the bidirectional adjustment push rod element applies axial thrust, the arc-shaped flow channel pressure strip component A is uniformly stressed in the circumferential direction under the drive of the push rod, and is embedded into the corresponding arc-shaped flow channel pressure strip slot B, and a reliable connection is completed by the pressing and locking structure.

[0029] The rectangular cross-section helical compression spring is set on the outer periphery of the quick-locking pin element. Through axial helical compression, the bidirectional adjustment push rod element and the heat dissipation magnetic suction cup are reliably locked. Under the action of external force, the bidirectional adjustment push rod element pushes the quick-locking pin to produce displacement, so that the rectangular cross-section helical compression spring is compressed in a controlled manner and forms a continuous rebound force. When the pin is reset, the push rod is automatically locked and pre-tightened.

[0030] Optionally, the heat dissipation magnetic suction cup uses strong magnetic attraction to tightly adhere to the inner and outer sides of the mining truck wheel axle. It is designed in the shape of a frustum with holes around the perimeter to prevent the wheel from overheating and storing heat during rotation, thus effectively dissipating heat.

[0031] The circumferential air curtain cleaning module includes a U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover, segmented circumferential air curtain nozzles, a rotating self-cleaning cleaning ring, and a flexible wear-resistant rubber scraper. The segmented circumferential air curtain nozzles are arranged in an array on the outer ring structure of the U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover, evenly distributed at 60° intervals, forming six sets of symmetrical air curtain units. The spray angle is controlled within the range of 60~120° to ensure that the airflow forms a wall-adhering flow field distribution after spraying.

[0032] Optionally, the U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover is designed with a U-shaped encircling structure, with a semi-enclosed continuous arc concave area on the inside. The radius of the arc groove is larger than the rotation radius of the wheel axle, forming a stable covering and guiding space. This effectively shields and constrains the dust splashed and the disturbed airflow during the operation of the mining truck wheel axle, so that the dust is guided to the designated collection area along the arc groove direction.

[0033] Optionally, the W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust scraper has a continuous wave-like undulating structure in its overall shape, and the cross-section of a single piece is a W-shaped curve. It is evenly arranged in a circular array along the circumference and fixed on a rotating disk to form a circumferential adaptive scraping unit. The dust scraper is made of a highly elastic wear-resistant composite rubber material, which has both flexibility and fatigue resistance.

[0034] Furthermore, the angular velocity of the W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust scraper... w 2 is less than the angular velocity of the wheel and axle. w 1, w 2< w 1. An oriented micro-textured dust-guiding groove is coated on the surface, maintaining micro-contact with the wheel axle surface at a contact pressure of 0.05~0.1 MPa. The rotating mechanism automatically removes dust through contact. This works in tandem.

[0035] Optionally, the rotary self-cleaning scraping ring has a coaxial ring structure, is sleeved on the inner side of the wheel axle and is installed in conjunction with the screw-fixed partition connecting bearing, and integrates a drive structure on the inner side to drive the W-type flexible wear-resistant dust scraper to achieve low-speed, uniform, and steady-state rotation; multiple sets of dust removal holes are evenly opened in a circular array along the circumferential direction on the outer ring surface, and each dust removal hole corresponds one-to-one with the micro-textured dust guide groove on the surface of the W-type flexible wear-resistant dust scraper to form a directional dust collection channel.

[0036] The automated multi-stage atomizing dust removal device for the car frame is installed on the side and bottom of the mine car frame. The side includes a dual-hole integrated water tank, a guide rail constrained linear sliding support, a multi-stage coordinated flow supply pipeline, and an adaptive strong magnetic damping component; the bottom includes an inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle and a multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle.

[0037] Optionally, the top of the dual-hole integrated water storage tank is provided with a feed inlet and an explosion-proof pressure relief hole; the inside of the water storage tank is arranged with multiple layers of porous corrugated edge wave-damping plates, which reduce the impact load during operation by means of the porous structure; the inner wall of the tank is coated with anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation coating, which can effectively prevent the liquid inside the tank from corroding the tank wall; the bottom side of the tank is set with an inclined wall surface with an inclination angle of 2~3°, and the lowest point of the bottom wall surface is provided with a matching circular discharge port.

[0038] Optionally, the guide rail-constrained linear sliding support is used for guiding, positioning, and fixing the dual-hole integrated water storage tank, and can switch between the assembled state and the disassembled state of the water storage tank. The guide rail-constrained linear sliding support includes a support body, an elastic convex pull-out guide rail, a limiting sliding concave guide groove, a U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly, an adaptive strong magnetic damping assembly, and a triangular stable support base.

[0039] Optionally, the limiting sliding concave guide groove is vertically arranged on both sides of the support body, and the side wall of the water tank is provided with an elastic convex pull-out guide rail that matches the limiting sliding concave guide groove. The elastic convex pull-out guide rail and the limiting sliding concave guide groove form a linear guide pair, which is used to constrain the pull-out displacement trajectory of the water tank and suppress lateral sway, thereby achieving smooth migration and positioning reset.

[0040] The U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly is located on the upper part of the support body and is used to achieve switchable clamping and locking of the water storage tank. The U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly includes a U-shaped quick-lock clamp, a crank-type force-increasing quick-lock rocker arm, and a screw-type tightening and adjusting screw to achieve rapid switching between locking and releasing modes.

[0041] Optionally, the adaptive strong magnetic vibration damping component is disposed at the lower part of the support and connected to the triangular stable bracket base. The adaptive strong magnetic vibration damping component includes a strong magnetic chuck and an anti-slip buffer spring. The strong magnetic chuck is used to form an adsorption constraint with the mounting surface to improve the anti-slip capability; the anti-slip buffer spring is used to provide vibration isolation and fit compensation, thereby reducing dynamic load and improving overall stability.

[0042] Preferably, one end of the multi-stage coordinated flow supply pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet of the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle on the inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle, which is used to stably deliver the dust suppression medium stored in the water storage tank to the spray end, avoiding flow fluctuations caused by the bend in the liquid supply path.

[0043] The inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle includes a corrugated telescopic baffle and an inverted V-shaped baffle. The corrugated telescopic baffle is a retractable structure that concentrates the atomizing medium on the dust-generating area, improving dust suppression efficiency. The inverted V-shaped baffle is equipped with multiple multi-layered progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzles, which guide and block dust-laden airflow and splashing particles through their inverted V-shaped guide surfaces, thereby improving dust suppression effect and reducing spillover pollution.

[0044] Optionally, the multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzles are arranged in the spray area below the inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle, preferably in an array along the width direction, to form a uniformly covered fog curtain, thereby improving dust collection efficiency and reducing localized missed sprays.

[0045] The multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle includes a nozzle body, a trumpet-shaped air inlet chamber, a multi-layer progressive pinhole flow divider, a multi-bladed rhomboid baffle agitator, a streamlined gradually narrowing water inlet chamber, and a calyx-shaped annular groove guide. The nozzle body has an air inlet side and a spray side at both ends, and the components are arranged coaxially along the axial direction and are detachable and sealed by a spiral locking connection assembly.

[0046] The trumpet-shaped air inlet cavity is located on the air inlet side, and its cross-section gradually narrows along the airflow direction. It is used to introduce outside air into the nozzle and form a negative pressure induced airflow, thereby providing a stable gas phase supply for gas-liquid mixing. The streamlined tapering water inlet cavity is arranged adjacent to the air inlet cavity. Its inner cavity has a tapering streamlined structure, which is used to rectify and accelerate the incoming water and reduce flow separation losses.

[0047] The multi-layer progressive pinhole diverter plate is located downstream of the water inlet chamber. Each diverter plate is provided with inclined holes evenly distributed at an angle of 45-60°. The inclined holes are inclined at 15-25° to perform multi-stage throttling and diversion of the liquid flow, so that the liquid phase forms multiple fine jets and achieves uniform water distribution.

[0048] The calyx-shaped annular groove guide located at the end of the spray side is preferably a hollow internal structure; its outer peripheral wall is uniformly provided with several rectangular cross-section guide grooves at equal angles along the circumference, and the guide grooves extend along the axial direction and are connected to the external guide channel on the spray side, so that the mist flow diffuses along the outer wall through multiple channels and forms a circumferentially uniform annular mist curtain, thereby reducing local convergence and backflow and improving the spray coverage area.

[0049] The directional air curtain back-suction self-cleaning dust control system includes a dual-channel air curtain module and a dust back-suction device. The dual-channel air curtain module consists of a honeycomb stable flow air curtain box, dual-channel diversion air curtain nozzles, and an independent air volume regulating valve, which adjusts the air volume of the air curtain according to the dust concentration in different areas.

[0050] Optionally, the honeycomb flow-stabilizing air curtain box is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air curtain nozzle to form a dual-box collaborative on-demand air supply layout. The interior is filled with honeycomb flow-stabilizing units, with honeycomb channels arranged along the airflow direction to reduce turbulent pulsation, uniform airflow velocity field and stabilize outlet pressure.

[0051] Optionally, the dual-channel split-flow air curtain nozzle has an axisymmetric vertical structure with a streamlined shell that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. Internally, it integrates dual-channel split-flow passages, including an air curtain inlet, a central split-flow channel, a micro-expansion buffer chamber, a multi-hole flow equalization mesh, angled guide vanes, and lateral multi-fan nozzles I and radial circular nozzles II. This design ensures stable travel and load handling.

[0052] Optionally, the central diversion channel directly guides the lateral multi-fan nozzle I, which is uniformly arranged in a ring along the lower circumference of the nozzle. The overall design adopts a streamlined fan-shaped slit structure to reduce jet resistance and stabilize the air curtain shape. Its jet angle is continuously adjustable within the range of 15-45° relative to the horizontal direction, dispersing the airflow into multiple fan-shaped jets to form a large-area annular air curtain layer.

[0053] Optionally, the micro-expansion buffer chamber is located in the upper middle part of the dual-channel diversion air curtain nozzle, and has an overall gradually expanding arc-shaped transition structure to expand the volume and release the kinetic energy of the incoming high-speed airflow, thereby reducing instantaneous flow velocity fluctuations and pressure pulsations. The downstream porous flow equalization network has a pore size distribution that changes from the center to the outside in a gradient manner, in order to further disperse turbulence, equalize the flow velocity field, and stabilize the pressure distribution.

[0054] Furthermore, the radial circular nozzle II is located at the lower end and is arranged uniformly in a ring along the circumference. The diameter of each nozzle adopts a gradually shrinking structure design from the inside to the outside. The other airflow is stabilized by the micro-expansion buffer cavity and then guided by the inclined guide vanes to the lower radial circular nozzle II for ejection, forming a directional air curtain with a longer range and stronger scouring ability.

[0055] Optionally, the independent air volume regulating valve is located at the air inlet end of the air curtain, adopts a compact flat valve body structure, is arranged coaxially with the air curtain air supply pipeline, and is linked with the dust concentration monitoring signal. According to the real-time monitoring of dust concentration changes in the cab area, it independently adjusts the air intake volume and distribution ratio of different air ducts, thereby realizing dynamic control of the air curtain spray intensity, coverage area and range.

[0056] Optionally, the dust back-suction device is installed in the lower edge area of ​​the cab and includes a parallel node-type back-suction groove, a gradually narrowing convergent adsorption purification port, an electrostatic electret filter layer, a stepped diameter ultra-clean filter screen, and a detachable dust box. It uses the flow channel convergence and surface adsorption structure to directionally converge and intercept the dust-laden airflow, and cooperates with the controllable pulse back-flushing valve to periodically clean the stepped diameter ultra-clean filter screen in reverse.

[0057] Optionally, the parallel node-type back-suction trough adopts a trapezoidal trough structure, consisting of a back-suction channel and node interfaces, arranged in a U-shape parallel configuration on three sides of the cab. Through meticulous design of partitions and nodes, even if a single node becomes blocked, the other nodes can still operate normally, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the overall back-suction system, and linking with the cab dust monitoring system. (Loess)

[0058] Optionally, the tapered converging adsorption purification port adopts a tapered converging structure, which allows the dust-laden airflow to gradually converge when entering the suction port, thereby enhancing the local suction force. The adsorption effect efficiently intercepts and purifies the dust particles in the incoming airflow, and after one treatment, the suspended dust is quickly sucked in and introduced into the rear return suction channel.

[0059] Optionally, the electrostatic electret filter layer is disposed in the rear-end back-suction channel as a secondary dust back-suction filtration unit. The whole adopts a thin sheet structure that matches the cross-sectional shape of the back-suction channel, which facilitates modular installation and replacement. It consists of electret fiber substrate, electrostatic charge retention layer and support frame, so that fine dust particles and electrostatic attraction work together to efficiently capture them.

[0060] Optionally, the stepped-diameter ultra-clean filter is the last-stage purification unit for dust recirculation. It adopts a multi-layer stacked flat plate structure, consisting of ultra-fine fiber filter media with different pore sizes, a graded support frame, and a sealing frame. The pore size of each filter layer decreases in a stepped manner along the airflow direction to avoid overloading and clogging of a single filter. It is also integrated with the rear detachable dust filter box. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dust control and disaster mitigation device for open-pit mine truck transportation.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a tracer-type dust advanced vibration detection system.

[0063] Figure 3 A flowchart of a tiered, zoned, targeted joint control system for dust from mining trucks.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the axial domain triple-effect circular curtain dust extraction device.

[0065] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a rotary screen cleaning module for mining truck wheel shafts.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an automated multi-stage atomizing dust removal device for vehicle frames.

[0067] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the quick-lock clamp assembly and disassembly of the water tank for the guide rail constrained linear sliding support.

[0068] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle.

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the directional air curtain back-suction self-cleaning dust control system for the driver's cab. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the features and implementation methods of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0071] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a schematic diagram of a dust suppression and disaster mitigation device for open-pit mine truck transportation, comprising three units: a dust source dynamic sensing and monitoring unit, a multi-level zone control and feedback unit, and a disaster source-based dust suppression and treatment unit. The diagram clearly shows that for high-intensity, multi-source dust generated during the operation of open-pit mine trucks, a tracer-type dust advanced vibration detection system monitors and dynamically senses dust concentration in real time; it integrates dust concentration feedback information from multiple measuring points to implement zoned and location-specific dust suppression control strategies; it utilizes air curtain suction to effectively isolate and re-suction dust around the wheel axles and cab, while simultaneously using a spray system to precisely target and remove dust from key dust-generating areas of the chassis, achieving source reduction, process control, and efficient disaster mitigation of dust during open-pit mine truck operation.

[0072] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of a tracer-type dust advanced vibration prevention and detection system. Based on vibration-damping steady-state support, it integrates multi-spectral sensing and tracer inversion functions to form an integrated structural layout. This system zons and classifies dust in the axles, frame, and cab areas of operating mining trucks, enabling advanced dust identification and dynamic monitoring. A damping and vibration-reducing bearing base provides overall vibration isolation support, reducing the direct transmission of road impacts and structural vibrations. A central gyroscope-driven stabilizer senses the angular velocity and attitude changes of the system in real time during operation and feeds back the offset signal to a multi-directional co-control spring drive unit. This causes the spring to elastically stretch and compress in different directions. Based on the gyroscope feedback signal, the travel of the inertial vibration compensation stabilizing screw is adjusted in real time, converting it into controllable axial compensation displacement. This provides a stable and reliable dynamic benchmark for the advanced identification and accurate tracing of dust clouds.

[0073] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-spectral fusion sensing module achieves multi-source information fusion monitoring of dust clouds during mine truck operation through the collaborative work of a laser scattering sensor, a charge sensing probe, and a visual thermal disturbance imager. By acquiring the scattering intensity of incident light by dust particles, the optical signal is quantitatively mapped to particle concentration distribution. In the optical blind zone, the charge sensing probe effectively compensates for the dust distribution in the hidden area by sensing the charge response signal carried by dust particles, avoiding the failure of single optical monitoring. The visual thermal disturbance imager simultaneously captures the thermal disturbance characteristics generated by the dust cloud's movement with airflow. The tracer recognition and inversion module, based on multi-source data fusion and combined with a dust particle tracking algorithm, solves the dust concentration gradient to construct a three-dimensional dynamic concentration field of the dust cloud, which is presented intuitively in the form of a three-dimensional dust concentration map, realizing advanced dust identification, accurate tracing, and dynamic prediction.

[0074] like Figure 3The diagram shows the flowchart of the tiered and targeted joint control system for dust in mining trucks. Based on multi-source sensing, intelligent identification, and graded response, and relying on an onboard multi-point dust concentration-particle size-source multimodal data processing module, it synchronously collects and analyzes dust information from key areas such as the axles, chassis, and cab during truck operation. By analyzing particle size distribution characteristics, temporal changes, and source criteria, it achieves tiered identification and dynamic determination of dust sources. Furthermore, by combining the dust standard concentration ratio at different locations, the proportion of fine particulate dust, and the contribution of local wind speed vectors to migration and diffusion, a multi-factor weighted fusion method is introduced to construct a comprehensive dust risk index. This index quantitatively assesses the potential hazard level of dust in each zone around the mining truck, triggering corresponding tiered dust suppression measures to achieve targeted joint control and dynamic adjustment of high-risk areas.

[0075] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dust tiered zone targeted control system for mining trucks divides the axles, chassis, and cab into parallel control zones, setting three dust concentration thresholds (Level I, II, and III) for each zone. The system collects dust concentration data in real time for each zone and compares it with the corresponding thresholds. When the axle area reaches Level I, automatic speed limiting and low-frequency blowing are activated; at Level II, elastic locking and wheel cover suction are triggered; and at Level III, a ring-screen cleaning and multi-stage dust suppression are implemented. The chassis area responds sequentially with stable liquid supply and directional airflow, telescopic linkage area dust isolation, and multi-directional atomized wide-area spraying. The cab area implements positive pressure airflow radial diversion, dual-channel air jet curtain isolation, and negative pressure back-suction circulation clean cabin in a tiered manner. Each zone operates in parallel, achieving advanced early warning and feedback control through a comprehensive dust risk index, dynamically adjusting the dust suppression intensity, and ultimately forming a precise closed-loop dust suppression system that couples the axle, chassis, and cab into disaster-prone areas.

[0076] like Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the axial-domain three-effect annular curtain dust extraction device. It consists of an inner and outer annular curtain scraping module and a dust extraction module working together. Under the additional rotating airflow from the mining truck's axle, dust generated on the outer side of the axle is sequentially drawn into the dual-zone cyclone guide dust extraction chamber. In the pre-selection zone, the airflow rotates slowly, and coarse dust particles are thrown towards the chamber wall by centrifugal force. Subsequently, it enters a larger diameter, strong cyclone zone, where the rotation radius increases and the tangential velocity significantly improves, further separating high-concentration dust towards the chamber wall and collecting it under negative pressure. The recovered dust passes through a primary coarse-particle dust filter, a secondary fine-particle dust filter, and an inner wall-adhesive dust-collecting ring for multi-stage interception, finally settling into a detachable, layered dust collection box for complete recovery. Through cyclone separation and multi-stage collection, efficient interception and control of dust on both sides of the axle are achieved.

[0077] Optional, such as Figure 4As shown, the circumferential dust removal module and the dust collection module are locked together using an elastic force-controlled locking device. A powerful magnetic suction cup for heat dissipation is used to magnetically attach them to the wheels of heavy-duty mining trucks, achieving reliable locking and adjustable positioning of the multi-stage dustproof components and the wheels. The rotating bearing, with its coaxial inner and outer double-ring rotating bearing unit, ensures the dust collection module continuously aligns with areas of high dust accumulation during wheel axle rotation. The arc-shaped flow channel pressure strip component A is arranged annularly on the outside of the bidirectional adjusting push rod. Through its snap-fit ​​with the pressure strip slot B, it achieves rapid assembly and uniform force positioning. When the push rod applies axial thrust, the pressure strip component slides into the slot circumferentially, switching between the open and closed states of the dust filter. A rectangular cross-section spiral compression spring surrounds the quick-locking pin element, providing continuous rebound force through axial compression, causing the push rod to automatically lock and maintain pre-tension after operation, thus ensuring a tight fit between the dust filter and the wheel surface.

[0078] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a schematic of a rotary dust suppression module for mining truck axles. Installed inside the axle bearing, it comprises a U-shaped arc-groove dustproof cover, segmented circumferential air curtain nozzles, a rotating self-cleaning scraping ring, and a W-shaped flexible wear-resistant scraping blade, forming a multi-effect dust suppression system for the axle area. During transport operations, the high-speed rotation of the axle drives the rotating self-cleaning scraping ring to rotate at a low-speed steady state, simultaneously driving the W-shaped flexible wear-resistant scraping blade to perform adaptive circumferential scraping. The angular velocity of the scraping blade is slightly lower than the rotational speed of the axle, and the directional micro-textured dust guide grooves on the surface maintain micro-contact with the axle surface, effectively capturing dust in the bearing area inside the axle and automatically guiding the dust to the dust collection holes to form directional dust collection channels, achieving contact-based automatic dust removal.

[0079] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, the U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover at the far end of the bearing, combined with segmented circumferential air curtain nozzles evenly arranged along the circumference of the wheel axle, sprays a continuous air curtain, forming a protective airflow barrier around the wheel axle. This barrier blocks and guides suspended dust in the wheel axle area, keeping the dust under control within the scraping area and efficiently and stably collected. Through a closed-loop working principle of dust blocking, low-speed rotating scraping, micro-textured dust collection, and airflow barrier guidance, the circumferential curtain scraping module can achieve efficient dust interception, automatic cleaning, and continuous protection under wheel axle rotation conditions. This significantly reduces the risk of dust accumulation and wear inside the wheel axle, improving the safety and reliability of mining truck operation.

[0080] like Figure 6The diagram shows the structure of an automated multi-stage atomizing dust removal device for a vehicle frame. It includes a dual-hole integrated water tank, a guide rail-constrained linear sliding support, a multi-stage coordinated flow supply pipeline, an adaptive strong magnetic damping component, an inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle, and multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzles. The guide rail-constrained linear sliding support is fixed to the vehicle frame and guides the dual-hole integrated water tank, allowing the water tank to linearly slide along the guide rail for quick assembly, positioning, maintenance, and replacement. A liquid inlet and an explosion-proof pressure relief port are located at the top for media replenishment and pressure relief under abnormal operating conditions, respectively, to improve safety. The inner wall of the tank is coated with an anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation coating to isolate the tank wall from chemical corrosion and extend its lifespan. A porous corrugated edge baffle is installed inside the tank to suppress liquid sloshing and reduce impact loads through flow deflection and pressure equalization. A sewage discharge port is located on the bottom side of the tank, with an inclined bottom surface to guide residual liquid and sediment to collect and discharge.

[0081] Optional, such as Figure 6 As shown, one end of the multi-stage liquid supply pipeline is connected to the outlet of the dual-hole integrated water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle. This is used to stably deliver the dust suppression medium and reduce the impact of liquid supply fluctuations on atomization quality. The atomizing nozzles are preferably arranged in a staggered, quincunx pattern along the working boundary to form a uniform mist curtain, improving spray coverage uniformity and reducing mist jet superposition deviation caused by jet interference, thereby increasing dust collection efficiency and reducing missed spray areas. A corrugated telescopic baffle is installed at the bottom of the device, which can be expanded / retracted to adaptively adjust the spray boundary, reducing lateral water mist dispersion and improving utilization. The inverted V-shaped baffle is located on the upper side of the spray area, guiding the dust-laden airflow and splashing particles through the inverted V-shaped guide surface, causing them to enter the mist curtain action area and enhancing mixing and collision, thereby improving the dust suppression effect and reducing overflow pollution.

[0082] like Figure 7 The diagram shows the assembly and disassembly of a water tank using a guide rail-constrained linear sliding support with a quick-lock clamp assembly. The tank consists of a guide rail-constrained linear sliding support, a U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly, and a dual-hole integrated water tank. The assembly and disassembly of the dual-hole integrated water tank are assisted by the guide rail-constrained linear sliding support. During assembly, the limiting sliding concave guide groove on the side wall of the water tank is first aligned and inserted with the elastic convex pull-out guide rails on both sides of the support. This allows the water tank to slide smoothly axially under the constraint of the linear guide pair between the guide rails and guide grooves, thus achieving rapid alignment and suppressing lateral sway. After the water tank is lowered to the predetermined installation height, the strong magnetic chuck of the adaptive strong magnetic damping assembly forms an adsorption constraint with the mounting base surface, which improves the support's anti-slip capability and maintains posture stability under vibration conditions. Simultaneously, the anti-vibration buffer spring provides elastic support and vibration isolation energy dissipation to reduce the dynamic load on the structure from assembly impact and operational vibration.

[0083] Optional, such as Figure 7As shown, the U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly includes a U-shaped quick-lock clamp, a crank-driven quick-lock rocker arm, and a screw-driven clamping adjustment screw. After the water tank is guided into position and the bottom support is stabilized, it enters the locking and holding stage. The U-shaped quick-lock clamp is then inserted into the support and fitted onto the corresponding clamping part. The crank-driven quick-lock rocker arm switches from the loosened position to the clamping position, achieving rapid locking of the water tank. During the locking process, the anti-disengagement limiting elastic damping buffer block forms elastic preload and damping energy dissipation at the clamping interface to reduce hard contact wear and lower the risk of loosening. The screw-driven clamping adjustment screw is used to fine-tune and compensate for the clamping preload to adapt to assembly tolerances and improve locking consistency. This results in a composite fixation of guide constraint, adsorption support, and clamp locking in the assembled state. Disassembly is performed in reverse order, enabling rapid removal and maintenance of the water tank.

[0084] like Figure 8 The diagram shows a multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle. The multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle, along its axial direction, includes a trumpet-shaped air inlet chamber, a streamlined tapering water inlet chamber, a multi-layer progressive pinhole flow divider, and a multi-bladed diamond-shaped baffle stirrer. All components are connected by a helical locking assembly to form a coaxial sealed assembly. The trumpet-shaped air inlet chamber is used to introduce outside air and create an accelerated airflow within the tapering channel, thereby inducing negative pressure airflow in the mixing zone to provide a stable gas phase supply. The streamlined tapering water inlet chamber is used to rectify and accelerate the incoming water, reducing energy loss and improving the stability of the liquid jet. Multi-layer progressive pinhole diverter plates perform multi-stage throttling and diversion of the liquid flow, transforming the liquid from a mainstream into multiple fine jets and tending to uniformly distribute the water. After diversion, the micro-jets undergo entrainment and mixing under the action of negative pressure induced airflow, forming a gas-liquid mixture with primary atomization. Subsequently, shearing and vortex disturbance are applied by a multi-bladed rhomboid baffle agitator to enhance interface renewal and secondary crushing, thereby improving atomization fineness and reducing particle size dispersion.

[0085] Optional, such as Figure 8As shown, after gas-liquid mixing and enhanced agitation, the gas-liquid mixed mist enters the nozzle shaping and diffusion section for stable spraying. The hollow conical guide channel axially guides and radially expands the mixed mist, allowing it to smoothly transition from the center to the circumference, reducing local convergence and backflow. The calyx-shaped annular groove guide has an internally hollow structure with rectangular guide channels spaced at equal angles along its outer wall. This is used to distribute the mist circumferentially and divert it along the wall, forming a multi-channel diffused annular mist curtain and improving spray symmetry and coverage. The lotus-shaped multi-hole end nozzle achieves end-point rectification and uniform mist output through an array of channels, reducing momentum concentration in a single hole and improving the spatial uniformity of droplet distribution. Under the coupling effect of the guide channel and the multi-hole nozzle, the droplets achieve a combined motion of circumferential uniform distribution and radial diffusion, forming a dense water mist cloud to increase the probability of dust particle capture and collision. Furthermore, the segmented, detachable structure reduces the risk of clogging and maintains stable spray performance during long-term use.

[0086] like Figure 9 The diagram shows the structure of the directional air curtain self-cleaning dust control system for the cab. It consists of a dual-channel air curtain module and a dust back-suction device, strategically positioned at the cab entrance and along the upper and lower edges to closely match the actual operating conditions of mining trucks and frequent door openings and closings. The dual-channel air curtain module uses dual-channel split-flow air curtain nozzles for zoned airflow adjustment. One airflow is directly guided through the central channel to the lateral multi-spray nozzle I, forming a large-coverage fan-shaped outward-pushing air curtain for rapid expansion of the protective boundary. The other airflow, after being stabilized by a micro-expansion buffer chamber, is guided by inclined guide vanes to the lower radial circular nozzle II for ejection, forming a directional air curtain with a longer range and stronger scouring ability. The two airflows work synergistically in space, dynamically switching between single-channel and dual-channel operating modes based on dust concentration. When dust concentration increases, the dual-channel split-flow injection is activated, achieving a comprehensive air curtain protection effect with wide-area blocking and directional enhancement.

[0087] Optional, such as Figure 9 As shown, the upper directional air curtain pushes outward to block and the lower negative pressure back-suction centralized purification forms a synergistic dust control working mode. After the annular air curtain effectively blocks and guides the external dust-laden airflow, the dust with weakened kinetic energy converges along the predetermined flow direction to the back-suction area. The dust back-suction device adopts a parallel multi-channel structure, and different areas achieve synchronous back-suction through parallel node-type back-suction grooves. Even if local channels are blocked, the overall back-suction capacity remains stable. The dust-laden airflow is first directionally converged and its adsorption capacity is enhanced through the gradually narrowing convergent adsorption purification port, and then enters the electrostatic electret filter layer for efficient capture of fine dust. The airflow after primary purification further passes through a stepped-diameter ultra-clean filter screen to achieve graded interception of dust of different particle sizes. Finally, the dust settles into the detachable dust collection box for recycling.

[0088] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it provides a localized zoned control and disaster relief device for dust generation in open-pit mining truck transportation, which realizes advanced and accurate monitoring of dust generation during mining truck operation, quantitative zoned control of dust risk, and optimization of multi-source synergistic dust suppression and treatment. It forms a systematic method of tracer-type advanced dust identification and monitoring, concentration feedback zoned precise control, and synergistic treatment of air curtain suction and spray targeted dust removal, improves the sensitivity of advanced dust identification and the accuracy of identifying high-risk dust generation areas, strengthens the dust control efficiency of key parts such as wheel axles, cab and frame, and enhances the innovative prevention and control level of zoned control and localized disaster relief for dust disasters in open-pit mining truck transportation.

Claims

1. A dust suppression and mitigation device for open-pit mine truck transportation, characterized in that, It consists of three parts: a dynamic dust source sensing and monitoring unit, a multi-level zone control and feedback unit, and a disaster source-based dust suppression and control unit. The dust source advanced sensing and monitoring unit includes a tracer-type dust advanced vibration detection system. The multi-level zone control and feedback unit includes a mining truck dust tiered zone targeted joint control system. The disaster source-based dust suppression and control unit includes an axial domain three-effect ring curtain suction dust prevention device, a frame automated multi-level atomization dust removal device, and a directional air curtain back suction self-cleaning dust control system. The tracer-type dust advanced vibration detection system is distributed in key locations of the mining truck—the axle, frame, and cab areas. It includes a vibration-damping steady-state support module, a multi-spectral fusion sensing module, and a tracer recognition and inversion module. The vibration-damping steady-state support module includes a damping vibration-reducing bearing base, a central gyroscope-driven stabilizer, and an inertial vibration compensation stabilizing screw, which compensates for signal interference through multi-level elastic vibration isolation layers. The multi-spectral fusion sensing module consists of a laser scattering sensor, a charge induction probe, and a visual thermal disturbance imager, which simultaneously captures the spatial movement characteristics of dust clouds and uses a dust particle tracking algorithm to coupled and solve the dust concentration gradient. The mining truck dust tiered zone targeted control system is integrated into an on-board multi-point dust concentration-particle size-source multimodal data processing module. It performs zone discrimination based on the dust particle size distribution and source characteristics around the mining truck, identifying sources from different locations such as the wheel axle, chassis, and cab. Based on the sum of the standard concentration ratio, fine particle proportion, and weighted contribution of the local wind speed vector function for each zone, a comprehensive dust risk index (DRI) is set. MT DRI MT = ω 1 C / C 0+ ω 2 R p + ω 3 f ( U dust ),in, ω i ( i =1,2,3) represents the contribution of each weight. C / C 0 represents the ratio of the measured dust concentration to the reference concentration. R p For fine particle ratio, f ( U dust The function represents the local wind speed vector function; it divides the area into three critical threshold levels: I, II, and III. When the axle area reaches the I threshold, automatic speed limiting and low-frequency purging are activated; when it reaches the II threshold, elastic locking and wheel cover suction are triggered; and when it reaches the III threshold, a ring-screen cleaning and multi-stage dust prevention are implemented. At the location of the mining truck cab, when the dust concentration exceeds the critical threshold... C cⅠ And less than the critical threshold C cⅡ When the dust concentration exceeds the critical threshold, the system initiates positive pressure ventilation; when the dust concentration exceeds the critical threshold... C cⅡ And less than the critical threshold C cⅢ At this time, a dual-channel air spray ring screen isolation is further activated to form an airflow barrier to prevent dust from entering; when the dust concentration exceeds the critical threshold... C cⅢ When the dust is removed, the negative pressure back suction and circulating clean chamber are activated; the wheel cover suction, high pressure spray and circulating clean chamber dust suppression are targeted and executed, and the multi-zone parallel node advanced early warning response feedback control is implemented. The axial three-effect circumferential screen dust extraction device is fixed by an elastic force-controlled locking device and a heat dissipation magnetic suction cup. The circumferential screen scraping module and the dust extraction module are installed on the inner and outer sides of the wheel axle, respectively. The dust extraction module includes a dual-zone cyclone guide dust extraction chamber, a primary coarse particle dust filter, a secondary fine particle dust filter, a dust-collecting rubber ring adhered to the inner wall, and a detachable layered dust collection box. The elastic force-controlled locking device consists of a screw-locking zone connecting bearing, a bidirectional adjusting push rod element, an arc-shaped flow channel pressure bar component A, an arc-shaped flow channel pressure bar slot B, a quick-locking pin element, and a rectangular cross-section spiral compression spring. The automated multi-stage atomizing dust removal device for the vehicle frame is characterized by comprising a dual-hole integrated water tank, a guide rail-constrained linear sliding support, a multi-stage coordinated flow supply pipeline, an adaptive strong magnetic damping component, an inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle, and a multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle; the dual-hole integrated water tank is internally equipped with a multi-layer porous corrugated edge wave-damping plate, the inner wall is coated with an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion coating, and the bottom inner wall is designed with an inclined angle of 2-3°; the inverted V-shaped telescopic baffle has corrugated telescopic baffle structures on the left and right sides, and multiple multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzles are arranged in a staggered quincunx pattern on the inner side; The directional air curtain back-suction self-cleaning dust control system includes a dual-channel diversion air curtain module and a dust back-suction device module. The dual-channel diversion air curtain module is suspended above the mining truck cab and consists of a honeycomb stable flow air curtain box, dual-channel diversion air curtain nozzles, and independent air volume regulating valves. It can adjust the air curtain air volume according to the dust concentration in different areas. The dual-channel diversion air curtain nozzles include an air curtain inlet, a central diversion channel, a micro-expansion buffer chamber, a multi-porous flow equalization net, inclined guide vanes, and lateral multi-fan nozzles I and radial circular nozzles II. The lateral multi-fan nozzles I and radial circular nozzles II work together to form an annular partition. The dust back-suction device module includes a parallel node-type back-suction groove, a gradually narrowing convergence adsorption purification port, an electrostatic electret filter layer, a stepped diameter ultra-clean filter screen, and a detachable dust filter box. It can directionally converge and intercept dust-laden airflow through air curtain blocking and backflow adsorption.

2. The open-pit mine truck transportation dust generation zone control and disaster mitigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential dust removal module, installed on one side of the wheel axle bearing, includes a W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust removal blade, a rotary self-cleaning dust removal ring, a U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover, and segmented circumferential air curtain nozzles. A rotary self-cleaning dust removal ring is connected by a fixed bearing, driving the W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust removal blade to rotate at a low speed. The W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust removal blade maintains a micro-contact state with the wheel axle surface, with a contact pressure of 0.05-0.1 MPa. The surface of the W-shaped flexible wear-resistant dust removal blade is covered with micro-textured dust guide grooves, which are deformed into a flat and wide contact band. Rotation drives automatic dust removal through contact. Simultaneously, a segmented circumferential air curtain nozzle array is arranged on the outer ring structure of the U-shaped arc groove dustproof cover, forming an axial airflow dust barrier.

3. The open-pit mine truck transportation dust generation zone control and disaster mitigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail constrained linear sliding support is used to provide guidance, positioning and fixing constraints for the water tank, and can be switched between the water tank installation state and the water tank disassembly state. It consists of a limiting sliding concave guide groove, a U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly, an adaptive strong magnetic damping assembly, and a triangular stable support base. The U-shaped quick-lock clamp assembly has two states: clamping and loosening. It consists of an anti-detachment limiting elastic damping buffer block, a crank force-increasing quick-lock rocker arm, and a knurled thread screw.

4. The open-pit mine truck transportation dust generation zone control and disaster relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layer progressive gas-liquid mixing atomizing nozzle includes a spiral locking connection assembly, a multi-layer progressive oblique hole diverter plate, a trumpet-shaped air inlet cavity, a streamlined gradually narrowing water inlet cavity, a multi-bladed rhomboid baffle agitator, a hollow conical guide groove, a calyx-shaped annular groove guide, and a lotus-shaped multi-hole end nozzle. The multi-layer progressive oblique hole diverter plate has multiple oblique holes with an inclination of 15-25°, and the oblique hole channels are evenly distributed on the diverter plate at an angle of 45-60°. The calyx-shaped annular groove guide has an internal hollow structure, and its outer peripheral wall is evenly provided with rectangular cross-section guide grooves at equal angles along the circumference.

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