Drill pipe pullback shaft sinking process

Abstract

The present application discloses a drilling rod tension type shaft driving process, which comprises the following steps: using a reverse drilling machine to construct a guide well in a stratum, constructing a starting well, and using hoisting equipment to hoist a driving machine and a hanging platform system into the starting well in sequence, using the reverse drilling machine to drive a tension drilling rod to pass through the hanging platform system and the driving machine in sequence, and then to continue to be lowered into a lower horizontal roadway and to be fixed by a drilling rod tension device, using a stepping mechanism of the driving machine to start downward driving cycle operation along the tension drilling rod, using a stepping mechanism of the hanging platform system to perform shaft wall supporting cycle operation along the tension drilling rod, and stopping until the driving machine drives into the lower horizontal roadway. The present application uses the tension drilling rod as a main fixed structure, which can bear the weight of the driving machine, the rock breaking normal pressure and the weight of the hanging platform, and the driving effect is not affected and limited by the stratum. The tension drilling rod provides guidance, the driving machine is guided in real time on a correct driving path, and the construction efficiency and the driving well quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology. Specifically, it relates to a drill pipe tension-based shaft excavation process. Background Technology

[0002] In current vertical shaft tunneling technology, the tunneling machine (TBM) is hoisted into the starting shaft by a crane. The machine's lateral support plates extend and tighten against the shaft wall, generating vertical friction to support the TBM's weight and thrust. However, when encountering weak, collapsed, or cavitary rock formations, the support force is significantly reduced, potentially leading to support failure and safety accidents. Furthermore, the thrust is limited, compromising tunneling efficiency. During tunneling, the extension lengths of the lateral support plates cannot be perfectly synchronized and are directly affected by the geological conditions of the shaft wall. Therefore, real-time dynamic monitoring of the TBM is necessary, along with simultaneous centering and leveling operations to prevent deviation. This monitoring and control process requires significant equipment and time, further impacting tunneling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process, in which the support and propulsion of the tunneling machine are not affected by the geological conditions of the shaft wall, and the entire construction process maintains efficient and stable excavation. At the same time, the support stability of the tunneling machine is improved. During the excavation process, there is no need for detection and control, saving equipment and time investment. Overall, the excavation efficiency and safety are effectively improved.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step A: Use a raise boring machine to drill a pilot well into the formation;

[0006] Step B: Construction of the starting well;

[0007] Step C: Use lifting equipment to hoist the tunneling machine and the hoisting platform system into the launching shaft in sequence;

[0008] Step D: Set up the raise boring machine at the wellhead of the starting well;

[0009] Step E: Using the raise boring machine, drive the pull drill pipe through the lifting platform system and the tunneling machine in sequence, and continue to lower the pull drill pipe into the lower horizontal roadway and fix it with the drill pipe tensioning device; the tunneling machine and the lifting platform system are detachably connected to the pull drill pipe through the stepping mechanism;

[0010] Step F: The tunneling machine uses the stepping mechanism to begin the downward tunneling cycle along the tension drill rod, and the rock cuttings fall into the lower horizontal roadway through the pilot shaft; the hoisting system uses the stepping mechanism to perform the shaft wall support cycle in sync with the progress of the tunneling cycle along the tension drill rod; until the tunneling machine has tunneled to the lower horizontal roadway;

[0011] Step G: Dismantle the tunneling machine, hoisting system, and other equipment to complete the shaft excavation.

[0012] This invention uses a tension drill rod as the main fixing structure to bear the weight of the tunneling machine, the rock-breaking normal pressure, and the weight of the hoisting platform. It also applies the corresponding axial force to the two ends of the formation, allowing the entire formation to bear the corresponding pressure at both ends. This significantly improves both the support strength and stability. Traditional lateral support structures require strengthening the machine body to resist lateral pressure, resulting in a substantial increase in the overall weight of the machine. This exacerbates the possibility of support failure when dealing with soft formations, significantly increasing the risk factor. Support force and machine weight are mutually influential; traditional structures cannot simultaneously achieve increased support force and weight reduction. This invention, using a tension drill rod, greatly simplifies the original lateral support structure, reducing the local strength requirements of the machine body and significantly lowering the overall weight. The tension drill rod provides guidance, keeping the tunneling machine on the correct path in real time. This ensures a consistently correct tunneling path, saving significant monitoring equipment and control time, thus improving construction efficiency and well completion quality.

[0013] In the aforementioned drill pipe pulling shaft excavation process, in step A, the raise boring machine uses a pull drill pipe with a pilot hole bit at the end to drill a pilot hole from the surface into the formation. After drilling through, a reverse reaming bit is installed in the lower horizontal roadway. Then, the raise boring machine uses the reverse pull drill pipe to enlarge the pilot hole to the surface, forming a pilot shaft. Finally, the raise boring machine is removed. The pilot shaft provides space for the subsequent pull drill pipe to pass through, and the rock cuttings generated during excavation can fall into the roadway through the space between the pilot shaft and the pull drill pipe, saving on the original cuttings removal structure. Since the rock cuttings fall from the annular space between the pilot shaft and the pull drill pipe, the tunneling machine transmits the excavation vibration to the pull drill pipe during the excavation process. The vibration of the pull drill pipe promotes the falling of rock cuttings and avoids local blockage.

[0014] In the above-mentioned drill pipe tension vertical shaft excavation process, in step B, when constructing the launching shaft, a launching shaft of the corresponding height is constructed according to the overall height of the tunneling machine and the hoisting system to form a ground lock; the launching shaft and the pilot shaft are set coaxially.

[0015] In the above-mentioned drill pipe pulling vertical shaft excavation process, in step D, a sealing plate is set up on the wellhead of the starting well, the riser is set up at the wellhead of the starting well through the sealing plate, and a derrick and stabilizing vehicle are set up at the wellhead of the starting well for material unloading and pipeline lifting.

[0016] In the above-mentioned drill pipe tensioning vertical shaft excavation process, in step E, after one end of the tension drill pipe is fixed in the lower horizontal roadway by the drill pipe tensioning device, the other end of the tension drill pipe is fixed by the raise boring machine and pressurized upward, so that the tension drill pipe generates pre-tension force and improves the stability of the tension drill pipe.

[0017] In the above-mentioned drill pipe pulling vertical shaft excavation process, in step G: when dismantling the tunneling machine and the hoisting system: the pulling drill pipe is lowered by the raise boring machine, and the tunneling machine and the hoisting system are lowered into the lower horizontal roadway in sequence, and the dismantling operation is carried out in the lower horizontal roadway; or the hoisting system and the tunneling machine are moved up to the wellhead position of the starting shaft by using the stepping mechanism, and the hoisting system and the tunneling machine are assisted to be suspended at the wellhead by the ground equipment before the dismantling operation is carried out.

[0018] In the above-mentioned drill pipe tension vertical shaft excavation process, in step E, multiple tension rings are axially formed on the wall of the tension drill pipe; the stepping mechanism includes an upper locking component, a lower locking component, and a stepping cylinder. The upper locking component and the lower locking component are connected by the stepping cylinder. Both the upper locking component and the lower locking component are fitted onto the tension drill pipe and are detachably connected to the tension rings; the stepping cylinder drives the upper locking component and the lower locking component to move closer to each other or further away from each other on the tension drill pipe.

[0019] In the aforementioned drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process, in step F, the tunneling machine includes an axial telescopic component, a rotary power component, and a drill bit arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The rotary power component is fixed to the bottom of the axial telescopic component and outputs rotational power. The drill bit is driven and connected to the power output end at the bottom of the rotary power component. A stepping mechanism is fixedly installed inside the axial telescopic component. The tension drill pipe passes through the middle of the axial telescopic component, the stepping mechanism, the rotary power component, and the drill bit. When the stepping cylinder drives the upper and lower locking components to move closer or further apart, it drives the telescopic component. The axial telescopic component allows the rotating power component and drill bit to move synchronously along the tension drill rod; another stepping mechanism is arranged below the uppermost hanging plate of the hanging plate system, and the upper locking component of the other stepping mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the uppermost hanging plate; a support frame is fixedly installed on the top of the axial telescopic component, and transverse hydraulic support shoes are fixedly installed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the support frame. The free end of the transverse hydraulic support shoe is braced against the well wall. The counter-torque generated by the drill bit breaking the rock is transmitted to the transverse hydraulic support shoe through the axial telescopic component and acts on the well wall to achieve counter-torque balance.

[0020] Hydraulic support shoes are used to balance the counter-torque during tunneling and provide some auxiliary support. During tunneling, the upper locking component is connected to the tension drill rod, while the lateral hydraulic support shoe is located adjacent to the upper locking component. There is a relatively free section of the machine body between the drill bit, the lateral hydraulic support shoe, and the upper locking component. During the drill bit's tunneling process, when encountering local hard rock or other abnormal vibrations, this section of the machine body can absorb the abnormal vibrations, maintain a relatively stable state, and reduce the vibrations transmitted to the upper locking component, thus maintaining the radial stability of the tension drill rod. If the lateral hydraulic support shoe is installed at any position far from the upper locking component, although it can still achieve the same stabilization and support effect, when abnormal vibrations occur at the drill bit position, after the force is transmitted to the hydraulic support shoe, the entire machine body swings around the fixed hydraulic support shoe as the center point, making it difficult for the upper locking component and the tension drill rod to maintain a stable state.

[0021] Compared to the traditional multi-point support method of transverse shoe plates, where each shoe plate support point needs to withstand forces from various directions, in this invention, different forces are borne by different locations. The weight of the hoisting platform and the weight of the tunneling machine are transmitted to the raise boring machine through the tension drill rod and act on the ground. The tunneling thrust acts on the roof of the lower horizontal roadway through the tension drill rod, and the tunneling counter-torque acts on the well wall through the transverse hydraulic support shoe, thus dispersing the forces. Each force point bears a single force, making the support more stable and safer.

[0022] In the aforementioned drill pipe pulling vertical shaft excavation process, the upper and lower locking components have the same structure. The upper locking component includes a bottom plate, a locking cylinder, a locking insert plate, and a top plate. Corresponding through holes are provided on both the bottom and top plates. Two parallel steel plates are welded to the bottom and top plates on both sides of the through holes, forming a sliding groove between the two steel plates. The locking insert plate slides within the sliding groove. The locking cylinder is installed between the two steel plates, and the piston rod end of the locking cylinder is connected to the locking insert plate. The pulling drill pipe passes through the through hole, and the locking cylinder drives the locking insert plate to engage with or disengage from the bearing ring to form a detachable connection.

[0023] The aforementioned drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process includes an axial telescopic component comprising an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an axial slide rail. The inner cylinder is axially slidably fitted within the outer cylinder via the axial slide rail, and the upper locking component is fixed to the outer cylinder. The base of the rotary power component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder. A support cylinder is integrally formed inside the base from the end connected to the inner cylinder toward the drill bit. The motor assembly of the rotary power component is arranged in the base space above the bottom of the support cylinder, and the lower locking component is fixed inside the support cylinder. Conventional tunneling machines (TBMs) rely on one or more support shoes to frictionally support the thrust against the shaft wall, providing limited support and thus restricting the thrust. However, by incorporating tension drill rods to provide axial support, the force is applied entirely to the ground, improving support and allowing for greater thrust during tunneling. In conventional TBMs, the stepping cylinder pressure acts directly on the rotating power component, pushing it axially. While this pressure is relatively low, it's sufficient for most conditions. In contrast, the stepping cylinder, the power source for thrust, is mounted below the motor assembly providing the rotating power. During tunneling, both operate simultaneously, with the stepping cylinder's point of force located in front of the motor assembly. This means the stepping cylinder pulls the motor assembly forward, rather than pushing it, guiding the rotating power component in real-time. Under high thrust conditions, this prevents the rotating power component from tilting, leaning, or wearing excessively, thus ensuring tunneling accuracy.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. This invention uses tension drill rods as the main fixing structure, which can bear the weight of the tunneling machine, the rock-breaking normal pressure, and the weight of the hoisting platform. It also distributes the various forces during the tunneling process to different locations in the strata, improving the stability of individual support points. The tension drill rods significantly improve the support strength and stability, while also providing guidance. The tunneling machine is guided in real time to the correct tunneling path, improving construction efficiency and well completion quality. By using tension drill rods, the original lateral support structure is greatly simplified, and the overall weight of the machine body is significantly reduced.

[0026] 2. Both the hoisting platform and the tunneling machine are mounted on the tension drill pipe. The hoisting platform eliminates the need for a traditional lifting system. The hoisting platform remains concentric and horizontal during lifting and lowering, making the movement more stable and effectively preventing accidents such as rollover and wall snagging. It also saves downhole space and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process of this invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the lifting plate system of the present invention connected to the tension drill rod via a stepping mechanism;

[0029] Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunneling machine for removing the drill bit according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the tunneling machine excluding the drill bit of this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the stepping mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 A top view cross-sectional structural diagram of the upper locking component of this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the drill pipe tensioning device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 A top view of the drill pipe tensioning device of the present invention.

[0035] The reference numerals in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Raising drilling rig; 2-Pilot shaft; 3-Starting shaft; 4-Tunneling machine; 41-Axial telescopic component; 411-Outer cylinder; 412-Inner cylinder; 413-Axial slide rail; 42-Rotary power component; 421-Base; 422-Motor assembly; 423-Support cylinder; 43-Drill bit; 5-Lifting plate system; 6-Pull drill rod; 7-Lower horizontal roadway; 8-Stepping mechanism; 81-Upper locking component; 82-Lower locking component; 83-Stepping cylinder; 84-Base plate; 85-Locking cylinder; 86-Locking insert plate; 87-Top plate; 88-Steel plate; 9-Sealing plate; 10-Pulley ring; 11-Support frame; 12-Transverse hydraulic support shoe; 13-Drill rod tensioning device; 131-Bottom beam; 132-Locking cap; 133-Outer cylinder; 134-Spoke; 135-Inner ring. Detailed Implementation

[0036] In existing technologies, tunneling machines are generally designed with eight sets of transverse hydraulic support shoes in two layers (upper and lower). The machine body structure is large and complex, resulting in a high self-weight. The tunneling machine needs to be monitored and leveled in real time, and is directly affected by geological conditions. The hoisting system is usually lifted by a ground hoisting system and moves synchronously with the tunneling machine. The tunneling machine and the hoisting system are two different independent systems that occupy underground space, making maintenance inconvenient and costly.

[0037] The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process in this embodiment, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0038] Step A: Using the pullback drilling rig 1, construct the pilot well 2 into the formation. The pullback drilling rig 1 is first placed on the ground, and a pilot hole bit is installed at the end of the pull rod 6. The pullback drilling rig 1 drives the pull rod 6 to construct the pilot hole from the ground into the formation. After drilling to the lower horizontal roadway, the pilot hole bit is replaced with a reverse reaming bit. Then, while pulling out the drill rod 6, the borehole is reamed to the ground to form the pilot well 2. Finally, the pullback drilling rig 1 is removed.

[0039] Step B: Based on the overall height of the tunneling machine 4 and the hoisting system 5, construct a starting shaft 3, which is coaxial with the pilot shaft 2 and of a corresponding height, around the pilot shaft 2 to form a ground lock.

[0040] Step C: Use lifting equipment to hoist the tunneling machine 4 and the hoisting system 5 into the launching shaft 3 in sequence;

[0041] Step D: Install the corresponding equipment at the wellhead of the starting well 3. First, install the sealing plate 9 on the wellhead of the starting well 3. Then, install the riser rig 1 at the wellhead of the starting well 3 through the sealing plate 9. Install the material unloading and pipeline lifting derrick and stabilizer at the wellhead of the starting well 3.

[0042] Step E: Using the raise boring machine 1, the pull rod 6 after the drill bit has been removed is driven through the hoisting system 5 and the tunneling machine 4 in sequence. The pull rod 6 is then lowered into the lower horizontal roadway 7 and fixed by the drill rod tensioning device 13. The other end of the pull rod 6 is fixed by the raise boring machine 1 and pressurized upward to generate a preload force on the pull rod 6. The tunneling machine 4 and the hoisting system 5 are detachably connected to the pull rod 6 through the stepping mechanism 8.

[0043] Step F: The tunneling machine 4 uses the stepping mechanism 8 to begin the downward tunneling cycle along the tension drill rod 6, and the rock cuttings fall into the lower horizontal tunnel 7 through the pilot shaft 2; the hoisting system 5 uses the stepping mechanism 8 to synchronously perform the shaft wall support cycle along the tension drill rod 6 as the tunneling cycle progresses; the tunneling cycle and shaft wall support cycle are repeated until the tunneling machine 4 has tunneled to the lower horizontal tunnel 7;

[0044] Step G: Dismantle the tunneling machine 4, the hoisting system 5, and other equipment to complete the vertical shaft excavation. During dismantling, the pull rod 6 can be lowered using the raise boring machine 1 to lower the tunneling machine 4 and the hoisting system 5 into the lower horizontal roadway 7, where the dismantling operation can be carried out. Alternatively, the stepping mechanism 8 can be used to move the hoisting system 5 and the tunneling machine 4 to the wellhead position of the starting shaft 3. After the hoisting system 5 and the tunneling machine 4 are assisted in being hoisted at the wellhead using ground equipment, the pull rod 6 and the raise boring machine 1 can be removed before the dismantling operation can be carried out.

[0045] Both the hoisting platform system and the tunneling machine are mounted on the tension drill rod 6. Due to the guiding effect of the tension drill rod 6 and the fact that both ends of the tension drill rod 6 are fixed, the vertical movement of the hoisting platform system and the tunneling machine is not affected or restricted by the strata, greatly improving stability and maintaining efficient tunneling thrust at all times. When the hoisting platform system moves downward, it follows the same tunneling path as the tunneling machine, meaning that the hoisting platform system always remains in the center of the shaft, effectively avoiding accidents such as wall snagging and side overturning. It also saves on the hoisting platform lifting system, saves underground space, makes maintenance more convenient, and reduces costs.

[0046] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, in step E, multiple tension rings 10 are axially formed on the wall of the tension drill rod 6; the stepping mechanism 8 includes an upper locking component 81, a lower locking component 82, and a stepping cylinder 83. The upper locking component 81 and the lower locking component 82 are connected by the stepping cylinder 83. Both the upper locking component 81 and the lower locking component 82 are fitted onto the tension drill rod 6 and are detachably connected to the tension rings 10; the stepping cylinder 83 drives the upper locking component 81 and the lower locking component 82 to move closer to or further away from each other on the tension drill rod 6. When the stepping mechanism 8 performs a stepping action, the upper locking component 81 is fixed to the tension ring 10 of the tension drill rod 6, and the lower locking component 82 is released from the tension ring 10. The stepping cylinder 83 extends or retracts, driving the lower locking component 82 to move, thereby achieving different movements. The above process can also be reversed.

[0047] In step F, the tunneling machine 4 includes an axial telescopic component 41, a rotary power component 42, and a drill bit 43 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The rotary power component 42 is fixed to the bottom of the axial telescopic component 41 and outputs rotary power. The drill bit 43 is drivenly connected to the power output end at the bottom of the rotary power component 42. The stepping mechanism 8 is fixedly installed inside the axial telescopic component 41. The tension drill rod 6 passes through the middle of the axial telescopic component 41, the stepping mechanism 8, the rotary power component 42, and the drill bit 43. When the stepping cylinder 83 drives the upper locking component 81 and the lower locking component 82 to move closer or further apart, it drives the telescopic component 41 to extend or retract. This causes the rotating power component 42 and the drill bit 43 to move synchronously along the tension drill rod 6; another stepping mechanism 8 is arranged below the uppermost hanging plate of the hanging plate system 5, and the upper locking component 81 of the other stepping mechanism 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the uppermost hanging plate; a support frame 11 is fixedly installed on the top of the axial telescopic component 41, and transverse hydraulic support shoes 12 are fixedly installed on the support frame 11 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The free end of the transverse hydraulic support shoe 12 is braced against the well wall. The counter torque generated by the drill bit 43 breaking the rock is transmitted to the transverse hydraulic support shoe 12 through the axial telescopic component 41 and acts on the well wall to achieve counter torque balance.

[0048] The rotating power component 42, the drill bit 43, and the transverse hydraulic support shoe 12 are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0049] The upper locking component 81 and the lower locking component 82 have the same structure. The upper locking component 81 includes a base plate 84, a locking cylinder 85, a locking insert plate 86, and a top plate 87. The base plate 84 and the top plate 87 are provided with corresponding through holes. Two parallel steel plates 88 are welded on both sides of the through holes between the base plate 84 and the top plate 87, and a sliding groove is formed between the two steel plates 88. The locking insert plate 86 is slidably fitted in the sliding groove. The locking cylinder 85 is installed between the two steel plates 88, and the piston rod end of the locking cylinder 85 is connected to the locking insert plate 86. The tension drill rod 6 passes through the through hole. The locking cylinder 85 drives the locking insert plate 86 to engage with or disengage from the tension ring 10 to form a detachable connection.

[0050] Specific operational movement process is illustrated as follows: 1. The downward movement of the hoisting system 5 and the tunneling machine 4: 1.1 The locking cylinder 85 of the upper locking component 81 extends, and the locking plates 86 on both sides are engaged in the bearing ring 10 to form a fixation. The locking cylinder 85 of the lower locking component 82 retracts, and the locking plates 86 on both sides push out of the bearing ring 10. 1.2 The stepping cylinder 83 extends, using the upper locking component 81 as a fixed point, and lowers the hoisting system 5 or the tunneling machine 4. When the stepping cylinder 83 extends to its maximum stroke, the lower locking component 82 is fixed to the bearing ring 10, the upper locking component 81 is separated from the bearing ring 10, and the stepping cylinder 83 moves downward with the lower locking component 82 as a fixed point until it retracts to its limit. 1.3 Repeat 1.1-1.2 to achieve continuous downward movement.

[0051] 2. The upward movement of the hoisting system 5 and the tunneling machine 4: The stepping mechanism 8 performs the opposite movement to the downward movement, and the principle is the same, so it will not be described again.

[0052] 3. Tunneling by the tunneling machine 4: 3.1 The upper locking component 81 is fixed to the tension ring 10, the lower locking component 82 is separated from the tension ring 10, the stepping cylinder 83 extends, pushing the drill bit 43 to press against the working face, tightening the tension drill rod 6 and the drill rod tensioning device 13, and at the same time, the transverse hydraulic support shoe 12 extends and presses against the well wall, playing an auxiliary support role. The rotary power component 42 drives the drill bit 43 to rotate, and performs rock breaking tunneling; 3.2 After the stepping cylinder 83 extends to its maximum stroke, the lower locking component 82 is fixed to the tension ring 10, the upper locking component 81 is separated from the tension ring 10, and the stepping cylinder 83 retracts to its minimum stroke; 3.3 Repeat the actions of the first two steps to achieve continuous tunneling.

[0053] The axial telescopic component 41 includes an outer cylinder 411, an inner cylinder 412, and an axial slide rail 413. The inner cylinder 412 is axially slidably fitted inside the outer cylinder 411 via the axial slide rail 413. The upper locking component 81 is fixed to the outer cylinder 411. The base 421 of the rotary power component 42 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 412. A support cylinder 423 is integrally formed inside the base 421 from the end connected to the inner cylinder 412 toward the drill bit 43. The motor assembly 422 of the rotary power component 42 is arranged in the space of the base 421 above the bottom of the support cylinder 423. The lower locking component 82 is fixed inside the support cylinder 423.

[0054] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the drill pipe tensioning device 13 includes a bottom beam 131 and a threaded locking cap 132. The bottom beam 131 is horizontally mounted on the roof of the lower horizontal tunnel 7. The lower end of the tension drill pipe 6 passes through the bottom beam 131 and is fixedly connected to the bottom beam 131 through the threaded locking cap 132. The outer cylinder 133 is coaxially mounted inside the guide shaft 2 and fits against the shaft wall. The inner ring 135 is coaxially mounted inside the outer cylinder 133 and is fitted onto the tension drill pipe 6. The inner ring 135 and the outer cylinder 133 are fixedly connected by spokes 134. This device locks the end of the tension drill pipe 6 and keeps the tension drill pipe coaxial with the guide shaft. The spoke design allows rock cuttings to pass through smoothly.

[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step A: Use a raise boring machine (1) to construct a pilot well (2) into the formation; Step B: Construction of the starting well (3); Step C: Use lifting equipment to hoist the tunneling machine (4) and the hoisting system (5) into the launching shaft (3) in sequence; Step D: Set up the raise boring machine (1) at the wellhead of the starting well (3); Step E: Using the riser (1), drive the pull drill rod (6) through the hoisting system (5) and the tunneling machine (4) in sequence, and continue to lower the pull drill rod (6) into the lower horizontal roadway (7) and fix it by the drill rod tensioning device (13); the tunneling machine (4) and the hoisting system (5) are detachably connected to the pull drill rod (6) through the stepping mechanism (8); Step F: The tunneling machine (4) uses the stepping mechanism (8) to begin the downward tunneling cycle operation along the tension drill rod (6), and the rock cuttings fall into the lower horizontal roadway (7) through the pilot shaft (2); the hoisting system (5) uses the stepping mechanism (8) to perform the shaft wall support cycle operation synchronously downward along the tension drill rod (6) with the progress of the tunneling cycle operation; until the tunneling machine (4) tunnels to the lower horizontal roadway (7); Step G: Dismantle the tunneling machine (4), the hoisting system (5), and other equipment to complete the shaft excavation; In step E, after one end of the tension drill rod (6) is fixed in the lower horizontal roadway (7) by the drill rod tensioning device (13), the other end of the tension drill rod (6) is fixed by the riser drill (1) and pressurized upward, so that the tension drill rod (6) generates a pre-tightening force. In step E, multiple bearing rings (10) are axially formed on the wall of the tension drill rod (6); the stepping mechanism (8) includes an upper locking component (81), a lower locking component (82) and a stepping cylinder (83). The upper locking component (81) and the lower locking component (82) are connected by the stepping cylinder (83). The upper locking component (81) and the lower locking component (82) are both sleeved on the tension drill rod (6) and detachably connected to the bearing rings (10); the stepping cylinder (83) drives the upper locking component (81) and the lower locking component (82) to move closer to each other or further away from each other on the tension drill rod (6); In step F, the tunneling machine (4) includes an axial telescopic component (41), a rotary power component (42), and a drill bit (43) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The rotary power component (42) is fixed to the bottom of the axial telescopic component (41) and outputs rotary power. The drill bit (43) is driven and connected to the power output end at the bottom of the rotary power component (42). The stepping mechanism (8) is fixedly installed inside the axial telescopic component (41). The tension drill rod (6) passes through the middle of the axial telescopic component (41), the stepping mechanism (8), the rotary power component (42), and the drill bit (43). When the stepping cylinder (83) drives the upper locking component (81) and the lower locking component (82) to move closer or further apart, it drives the axial telescopic component (41). 41) The telescoping mechanism allows the rotating power component (42) and the drill bit (43) to move synchronously along the tension drill rod (6); another stepping mechanism (8) is arranged below the uppermost hanging plate of the hanging plate system (5), and the upper locking component (81) of the other stepping mechanism (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the uppermost hanging plate; a support frame (11) is fixedly installed on the top of the axial telescoping component (41), and transverse hydraulic support shoes (12) are fixedly installed on the support frame (11) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The free end of the transverse hydraulic support shoe (12) is braced against the well wall, and the counter-torque generated by the drill bit (43) breaking the rock is transmitted to the transverse hydraulic support shoe (12) through the axial telescoping component (41) and acts on the well wall to achieve counter-torque balance.

2. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step A, the pullback drilling rig (1) uses a pull rod (6) with a pilot hole drill bit at the end to drill a pilot hole from the ground into the formation. After drilling through, a reverse reaming drill bit is installed in the lower horizontal roadway. Then, the pullback drilling rig (1) pulls the pull rod (6) in the opposite direction to ream the pilot hole to the ground, forming a pilot well (2). Finally, the pullback drilling rig (1) is removed.

3. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B, when constructing the starting shaft (3), the starting shaft (3) of the corresponding height is constructed according to the overall height of the tunneling machine (4) and the hoisting system (5) to form a ground lock; the starting shaft (3) and the guide shaft (2) are set coaxially.

4. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step D, a sealing plate (9) is installed on the wellhead of the starting well (3), and the riser (1) is installed at the wellhead of the starting well (3) through the sealing plate (9). A hoisting frame and a stabilizing vehicle are also installed at the wellhead of the starting well (3) for material unloading and pipeline lifting.

5. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step G: When dismantling the tunneling machine (4) and the hoisting system (5): the pull drill rod (6) is lowered by the riser (1) and the tunneling machine (4) and the hoisting system (5) are lowered into the lower horizontal roadway (7) in sequence, and the dismantling operation is carried out in the lower horizontal roadway (7); or the hoisting system (5) and the tunneling machine (4) are moved up to the wellhead position of the starting shaft (3) by the stepping mechanism (8), and the hoisting system (5) and the tunneling machine (4) are assisted to be hoisted at the wellhead by the ground equipment before the dismantling operation is carried out.

6. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper locking component (81) and the lower locking component (82) have the same structure. The upper locking component (81) includes a base plate (84), a locking cylinder (85), a locking insert plate (86), and a top plate (87). The base plate (84) and the top plate (87) are provided with corresponding through holes. Two parallel steel plates (88) are welded on both sides of the through holes between the base plate (84) and the top plate (87). A sliding groove is formed between the two steel plates (88). The locking insert plate (86) is slidably fitted in the sliding groove. The locking cylinder (85) is installed between the two steel plates (88). The piston rod end of the locking cylinder (85) is connected to the locking insert plate (86). The tension drill rod (6) passes through the through hole. The locking cylinder (85) drives the locking insert plate (86) to be inserted into or withdrawn from the bearing ring (10) to form a detachable connection.

7. The drill pipe tension-type vertical shaft excavation process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial telescopic component (41) includes an outer cylinder (411), an inner cylinder (412), and an axial slide rail (413). The inner cylinder (412) is axially slidably fitted inside the outer cylinder (411) via the axial slide rail (413). The upper locking component (81) is fixed to the outer cylinder (411). The base (421) of the rotary power component (42) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder (412). A support cylinder (423) is integrally formed inside the base (421) from the end connected to the inner cylinder (412) toward the drill bit (43). The motor assembly (422) of the rotary power component (42) is arranged in the space of the base (421) above the bottom of the support cylinder (423). The lower locking component (82) is fixed inside the support cylinder (423).

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