Vacuum welding device and welding process for hard rock pick production

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of hard rock pick production equipment, and relates to a vacuum welding device and welding process for hard rock pick production, comprising: a welding equipment main body for welding the hard rock pick; a moving unit for driving the tooth part and the column part of the hard rock pick to be mutually butted; an adapting unit for clamping and adapting the concave-convex shape of the tooth surface of the hard rock pick; a preheating unit for rotating and rubbing the tooth part and the column part of the hard rock pick fixed by the adapting unit before welding and smoothing the tooth part and the column part after welding. Through the adapting unit, the self-adapting flexible holding of the hard rock pick with complex irregular tooth surface is realized, the positioning needles can independently buffer and fine-tune according to the tooth surface morphology, the surface damage or micro-crack initiation caused by stress concentration is effectively avoided while the global uniform pressure and high clamping stability are ensured, and the important basic conditions for subsequent high-precision welding are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hard rock cutting tool production equipment, specifically a vacuum welding device and welding process for hard rock cutting tool production. Background Technology

[0002] Hard rock cutting tools are critical consumable components of heavy equipment used in mining, tunneling, and other applications. The quality of the connection between the tooth body (usually made of high-strength alloy steel) and the carbide tip directly determines the overall rock-breaking efficiency and service life of the equipment. Vacuum welding technology, due to its ability to effectively isolate the atmosphere and prevent weld oxidation and embrittlement, has become a key process for ensuring high-performance connections of such dissimilar materials.

[0003] However, in the actual vacuum welding production of hard rock cutting tools, firstly, the carbide tips usually have complex, irregular three-dimensional tooth surfaces. Traditional rigid clamps or general-purpose three-jaw chucks are difficult to achieve stable and damage-free clamping throughout the entire range. Improper clamping can easily lead to local stress concentration, which can cause microcracks in subsequent processing. Furthermore, vibration and displacement during the welding process can damage the docking accuracy, thereby affecting the welding quality and production efficiency of hard rock cutting tools. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and address the problem of microcracks caused by localized stress concentration during welding, this invention proposes a vacuum welding device and welding process for the production of hard rock cutting tools.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a vacuum welding device for producing hard rock cutting tools, comprising: The main body of the welding equipment is used for welding hard rock cutting tools; The moving unit, installed on the main body of the welding equipment, is used to drive the teeth and column of the hard rock cutting tool to dock with each other; An adaptation unit is installed on the moving unit. The adaptation unit includes a tooth adaptation unit, a column adaptation unit, two cross-shaped frames, and two rotary motors. The output ends of the two rotary motors are respectively connected to the two cross-shaped frames. One cross-shaped frame is provided with a tooth adaptation unit, which is used to clamp and adapt to the concave and convex shape of the tooth surface of the hard rock cutting tooth. The other cross-shaped frame is provided with a column adaptation unit, which is used to abut against the column of the hard rock cutting tooth. The preheating unit, installed on the main body of the welding equipment, is used to preheat the teeth and column of the hard rock cutting tool fixed by the adaptation unit by rotational friction before welding, and to smooth them after welding.

[0006] Preferably, the tooth adaptation unit includes a first electric push rod and four U-shaped seats. The output end of the first electric push rod is connected to a hollow seat. The four sides of the hollow seat are respectively rotatably connected to a first connecting rod. The four U-shaped seats are fixed to one side of one of the cross-shaped frames. Each U-shaped seat is rotatably connected to two second connecting rods. A square seat is rotatably connected between every two corresponding second connecting rods.

[0007] Preferably, each of the square seats is provided with multiple dampers, a spring is fixed to the outside of the damper, a positioning pin is connected between the damper and the spring, and a slot is provided on the side of the square seat for the positioning pin to pass through.

[0008] Preferably, the column adaptation unit includes a fixed platform and four second electric push rods. The four second electric push rods are arranged on the outer periphery of the fixed platform. The output end of each second electric push rod is connected to a fixing block. The fixing block can move towards the center of the fixed platform under the drive of the second electric push rod to clamp and fix the column of hard rock cutting teeth of different diameters.

[0009] Preferably, the moving unit includes a bidirectional lead screw, a limiting rod, two square plates, and a drive motor. One end of the bidirectional lead screw is connected to the drive motor via a coupling, and the other end is fixedly connected to the main body of the welding equipment. The two square plates are respectively threaded to both ends of the bidirectional lead screw, and both square plates are slidably connected to the limiting rod. Both ends of the limiting rod are fixedly connected to the main body of the welding equipment.

[0010] Preferably, each of the square plates has two limiting grooves at its bottom, and the top of the welding equipment body is fixed with a limiting block that matches the limiting grooves. When the two square plates move toward each other, the limiting grooves and the limiting block cooperate to achieve linear guidance, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the tooth and column of the hard rock cutting tool.

[0011] Preferably, the preheating unit includes a friction ring, two toothed rings, multiple guide grooves formed on the toothed rings, multiple connecting plates, and two sets of petal-shaped plates. The two toothed rings are rotatably connected to both sides of the friction ring via bearings. The two sets of petal-shaped plates are rotatably connected to the connecting plates and the friction ring via bearings. Guide rods matching the number of guide grooves are provided on both sides of the friction ring. The other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the toothed ring via a bearing.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting ring is fixed to the top of the friction ring, and a dual-shaft motor is provided in the inner cavity of the connecting ring. Gears are connected to the two output shafts of the dual-shaft motor through couplings, and the two gears mesh with two gear rings respectively. The gears drive the guide grooves on the gear rings to rotate along the guide rod, thereby driving the connecting piece to rotate, so that the petal-shaped piece unfolds or closes. When the hard rock cutting tooth is located inside the friction ring, the petal-shaped piece can fit against it to reduce the loss of preheating heat.

[0013] Preferably, the friction ring has a welding groove at the top for the welding torch on the main body of the welding equipment to extend into and weld the hard rock cutting teeth, and a support rod is fixed at the bottom of the friction ring, the bottom of the support rod being fixedly connected to the main body of the welding equipment.

[0014] A vacuum welding process for hard rock cutting tools, using the aforementioned vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools, includes the following specific steps: S1. The tooth and column parts of the hard rock cutting tool are respectively clamped in the tooth adaptation unit and the column adaptation unit. The first electric push rod drives multiple positioning pins to adaptively press against the irregular tooth surface of the tooth. At the same time, the four second electric push rods drive the fixing block to radially clamp the column. S2. Start the moving unit to drive the tooth and column of the clamped hard rock cutting tooth to move towards each other, so that the end face of the tooth and the end face of the column approach each other and enter the friction ring of the preheating unit. Control the dual-axis motor to drive the petal-shaped plate to close, so that the inner wall of the petal-shaped plate fits against the outer surface of the workpiece to form a heat preservation cavity. S3. Start the rotary motor to drive the clamped teeth and column to rotate synchronously at high speed, so that the end faces to be welded rub against each other to generate heat, and at the same time the outer surface of the workpiece rubs against the inner wall of the friction ring to generate heat, so as to uniformly preheat the area to be welded. S4. When the preheating temperature reaches the set value, stop rotating and introduce the welding gun or welding beam through the welding groove to complete the welding in a vacuum environment. S5. After welding is completed, start the rotary motor again to make the welded workpiece rotate at low speed, and control the weld area to keep in contact with the inner wall of the friction ring to relieve stress using residual heat, and simultaneously smooth the weld surface.

[0015] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention achieves adaptive flexible holding of hard rock cutting teeth with complex and irregular tooth surfaces through the adaptation unit, enabling each positioning pin to independently buffer and fine-tune according to the tooth surface morphology. While ensuring uniform pressure across the entire area and extremely high clamping stability, it effectively avoids workpiece surface damage or microcrack initiation caused by stress concentration, providing a crucial foundation for subsequent high-precision welding.

[0016] 2. This invention reduces heat loss during the preheating process through a preheating unit, achieves efficient and directional heat input by utilizing the friction of the workpiece itself, and completes stress relief and surface finishing of the weld area simultaneously with the residual heat using the same device after welding. This shortens the process flow time, reduces equipment complexity and energy consumption, avoids temperature loss and secondary contamination risks caused by process transitions, and improves welding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive unit of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the square base of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving unit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the preheating unit of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram showing the disassembled friction ring and toothed ring of the present invention; In the diagram: 100, main body of welding equipment; 101, limiting block; 200, moving unit; 201, bidirectional lead screw; 202, limiting rod; 203, square plate; 204, drive motor; 205, limiting groove; 300, adapting unit; 301, first connecting rod; 302, second connecting rod; 303, square seat; 304, damper; 305, spring; 306, positioning pin; 307, cross-shaped frame; 309, first electric... 310. Push rod; 311. Hollow seat; 312. U-shaped seat; 313. Fixed platform; 314. Second electric push rod; 315. Fixed block; 316. Rotary motor; 400. Preheating unit; 401. Friction ring; 402. Gear ring; 403. Guide groove; 404. Connecting piece; 405. Petal-shaped piece; 406. Guide rod; 407. Connecting ring; 408. Dual-axis motor; 409. Gear; 410. Welding groove; 411. Support rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-5 As shown, a vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools includes: The main body of the welding equipment 100 is used for welding hard rock cutting teeth; The moving unit 200 is installed on the main body 100 of the welding equipment and is used to drive the teeth and column of the hard rock cutting tool to dock with each other. An adaptation unit 300 is installed on the moving unit 200. The adaptation unit 300 includes a tooth adaptation unit, a column adaptation unit, two cross-shaped frames 307, and two rotary motors 315. The output ends of the two rotary motors 315 are respectively connected to the two cross-shaped frames 307. One of the cross-shaped frames 307 is provided with a tooth adaptation unit, which is used to clamp and adapt to the concave and convex shape of the tooth surface of the hard rock cutting tooth. The other cross-shaped frame 307 is provided with a column adaptation unit, which is used to press against the column of the hard rock cutting tooth. The rotary motors 315 can drive the cross-shaped frame 307 to rotate, thereby causing the tooth and column of the fixed hard rock cutting tooth to rotate and rub against the friction ring 401 in the preheating unit 400 to generate preheating heat. The preheating unit 400 is installed on the main body 100 of the welding equipment. It is used to preheat the tooth surface and cylindrical surface of the hard rock cutting tooth fixed by the adaptation unit 300 by rotational friction before welding, and to smooth it after welding.

[0021] The tooth adaptation unit includes a first electric push rod 309 and four U-shaped seats 311. The output end of the first electric push rod 309 is connected to a hollow seat 310. The four sides of the hollow seat 310 are rotatably connected to first connecting rods 301. The four U-shaped seats 311 are fixed to one side of one of the cross-shaped frames 307. Each U-shaped seat 311 is rotatably connected to two second connecting rods 302. A square seat 303 is rotatably connected between every two corresponding second connecting rods 302.

[0022] Each square base 303 is provided with multiple dampers 304. A spring 305 is fixed to the outside of the damper 304. A positioning pin 306 is connected between the damper 304 and the spring 305. A slot is opened on the side of the square base 303 for the positioning pin 306 to pass through.

[0023] The first link 301 can drive the second link 302 to move, causing the square seat 303 to move, so that the positioning pin 306 contacts the concave and convex parts of the hard rock cutting tooth surface and can extend and retract along the slot. The damper 304 and the spring 305 achieve buffering and adaptive fitting to maintain the fixed stability of the hard rock cutting tooth during welding.

[0024] The column adaptation unit includes a fixed platform 312 and four second electric push rods 313. The four second electric push rods 313 are arranged on the outer periphery of the fixed platform 312. The output end of each second electric push rod 313 is connected to a fixing block 314. The fixing block 314 can move towards the center of the fixed platform 312 under the drive of the second electric push rod 313 to clamp and fix the column of hard rock cutting teeth of different diameters. In this embodiment, the operator places the portion of the hard rock cutting tooth with a complex concave-convex tooth surface in the corresponding tooth adaptation unit center area of ​​the adaptation unit 300, and activates the first electric push rod 309, which pushes the hollow seat 310 forward. The hollow seat 310 drives the first connecting rod 301 connected to it to move through the bearing. The first connecting rod 301 then drives the second connecting rod 302 hinged to it to move. The second connecting rod 302 drives the square seat 303 at its end to retract radially towards the center of the tooth. Multiple sets of positioning pins 306 installed in the square seat 303 contact various concave and convex points on the tooth surface during the retraction process. Due to the unevenness of the tooth surface, the reaction force on each positioning pin 306 is different. They will compress their respective springs 305 and dampers 304, and independently extend and retract along the slots on the side of the square seat 303, so that the tips of all positioning pins 306 can contact the concave and convex points of the tooth surface. Achieving a tight, adaptive, buffered fit enables multi-point, flexible, and adaptive clamping of irregular tooth surfaces. The combination of damper 304 and spring 305 provides effective buffering, avoiding tooth surface damage or stress concentration that may be caused by rigid clamping. At the same time, it can maintain continuous clamping force during welding vibration, greatly improving the fixation stability and safety of the tooth in subsequent rotation and welding processes. Meanwhile, the cylindrical part of the hard rock cutting tooth is placed at the center of the fixing platform 312 on another cross-shaped frame 307. The second electric push rod 313 is activated, and the output ends of the four second electric push rods 313 synchronously drive the fixing block 314 to move towards the center of the fixing platform 312, uniformly clamping the outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical part from all sides. Through multi-jaw radial synchronous clamping, it can stably fix the cylindrical part of the cutting tooth of different diameters, with strong versatility and good clamping centering, laying the foundation for subsequent precise docking with the tooth.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, the moving unit 200 includes a bidirectional lead screw 201, a limiting rod 202, and two square plates 203. Each square plate 203 has a threaded hole in the middle that matches the bidirectional lead screw 201 and a circular hole that matches the limiting rod 202. The two square plates 203 are sleeved on the bidirectional lead screw 201 and the limiting rod 202, and can move towards each other along the limiting rod 202 under the drive of the bidirectional lead screw 201, so that the teeth and column of the hard rock cutting tool approach and mate with each other. One end of the bidirectional lead screw 201 is connected by a coupling. A drive motor 204 is connected, with its other end fixedly connected to the welding equipment body 100. Both ends of the limiting rod 202 are fixedly connected to the welding equipment body 100. Two limiting grooves 205 are opened at the bottom of each square plate 203. A limiting block 101 that matches the limiting groove 205 is fixed at the top of the welding equipment body 100. When the two square plates 203 move towards each other, linear guidance is achieved through the cooperation of the limiting groove 205 and the limiting block 101, thereby improving the stability of the contact between the hard rock cutting tooth surface and the cylindrical surface.

[0026] In this embodiment, after the tooth and column parts are stably clamped by the adaptation unit 300, they are located on the two square plates 203 of the moving unit 200. The drive motor 204 is started, which drives the bidirectional lead screw 201 to rotate. The two square plates 203, which are threadedly engaged with the bidirectional lead screw 201, begin to move steadily and precisely towards each other under the constraint of the limiting rod 202 and the guidance of the bottom limiting groove 205 and the limiting block 101. The adaptation unit 300 holding the workpiece moves accordingly, so that the tooth end face and the column end face approach and enter the inner surface of the contact stationary friction ring 401 from both sides, and the tooth end face and the column end face are connected to provide subsequent welding work.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9As shown, the preheating unit 400 includes a friction ring 401, a gear ring 402, multiple guide grooves 403 formed on the gear ring 402, multiple connecting pieces 404, and two sets of petal-shaped pieces 405. The two sets of petal-shaped pieces 405 are rotatably connected to the connecting pieces 404 and the friction ring 401 respectively via bearings. Guide rods 406 matching the number of guide grooves 403 are provided on both sides of the friction ring 401. The other end of the connecting piece 404 is rotatably connected to the gear ring 402 via a bearing. A connecting ring 407 is fixed to the top of the friction ring 401. A dual-shaft motor 408 is provided in the inner cavity of the connecting ring 407. Gears 409 are connected to the two output shafts of the dual-shaft motor 408 via couplings. The gear ring 402 is rotatably connected to both sides of the friction ring 401 via bearings, and the gear 409 meshes with the gear ring 402, which can drive the guide groove 403 on the gear ring 402 to rotate along the guide rod 406, thereby driving the connecting piece 404 to rotate, causing the petal-shaped piece 405 to unfold or close. When the hard rock cutting tooth is located inside the friction ring 401, the petal-shaped piece 405 can fit against it to reduce the loss of preheating heat. The top of the friction ring 401 is provided with a welding groove 410 for the welding torch on the welding equipment body 100 to extend into and weld the hard rock cutting tooth. The bottom of the friction ring 401 is fixed with a support rod 411, and the bottom of the support rod 411 is fixedly connected to the welding equipment body 100.

[0028] In this embodiment, when the tooth end face and the column end face come into contact with the friction ring 401, the dual-shaft motor 408 is started, and the gear 409 on its output shaft begins to rotate, driving the meshing gear ring 402 to rotate. The guide groove 403 on the gear ring 402 moves along the guide rods 406 fixed on both sides of the friction ring 401, thereby driving the petal-shaped pieces 405 connected to the gear ring 402 through the connecting piece 404 to move. The counterclockwise rotation allows the petal-shaped pieces 405 to separate, so that each set of petal-shaped pieces 405 respectively engages with the tooth surface of the hard rock cutting tooth and the... The cylindrical surfaces are fitted together, sealing both sides of the friction ring 401 to form a temporary heat-insulating cavity. This effectively reduces the rapid heat loss to the surrounding environment during subsequent friction preheating, improves heat energy utilization, and ensures that the preheating temperature is more uniform and concentrated on the surface to be welded. Then, the rotary motor 315 on the adaptation unit 300 is activated. The rotary motor 315 drives the cross-shaped frame 307 and the teeth and cylindrical parts it holds to rotate at high speed. During rotation, friction is generated at their mating points, and simultaneously, the outer surface rubs against the friction ring 401, preparing the surface for welding. The hard rock cutting tooth surface and the area to be welded on the cylindrical surface are locally heated. The preheating method has a direct heat source, rapid temperature rise, and low energy consumption. The heat is concentrated on the end face area to be welded, avoiding overall overheating of the workpiece. After the preheating has been carried out for a set time or reached the predetermined temperature, the welding torch or welding head such as electron beam or laser on the main body 100 of the welding equipment is precisely inserted into the butt joint area through the welding groove 410 reserved on the top of the friction ring 401 to perform welding. After welding is completed, the welding torch is withdrawn, and the rotary motor 315 can be restarted to make the workpiece now welded into one piece. The low-speed rotation and control of the moving unit 200 maintain slight contact between the weld area and the inner wall of the friction ring 401. Utilizing the residual heat and slight friction of the friction ring 401, stress-relieving annealing or slow cooling treatment is performed on the weld and heat-affected zone. At the same time, this friction process can also smooth out the small protrusions or spatters on the weld surface, achieving preliminary heat treatment after welding. This helps to reduce residual welding stress, improve weld structure, and simultaneously complete the surface smoothing treatment of the weld, eliminating the need for a separate subsequent grinding process, improving production efficiency and workpiece appearance quality.

[0029] A vacuum welding process for hard rock cutting tools, specifically including: S1. The tooth and column parts of the hard rock cutting tool are respectively clamped in the tooth adaptation unit and the column adaptation unit. The first electric push rod 309 drives multiple positioning pins 306 to adaptively press against the irregular tooth surface of the tooth. At the same time, the four second electric push rods 313 drive the fixing block 314 to radially clamp the column part. S2. Start the moving unit 200 to drive the tooth and column of the clamped hard rock cutting tooth to move towards each other, so that the end face of the tooth and the end face of the column approach each other and enter the friction ring 401 of the preheating unit 400. Control the dual-axis motor 408 to drive the petal 405 to close, so that the inner wall of the petal 405 fits against the outer surface of the workpiece to form a heat preservation cavity. S3. Start the rotary motor 315 to drive the clamped teeth and column to rotate synchronously at high speed, so that the end faces to be welded rub against each other to generate heat. At the same time, the outer surface of the workpiece rubs against the inner wall of the friction ring 401 to generate heat, so as to uniformly preheat the area to be welded. S4. When the preheating temperature reaches the set value, stop rotating and introduce the welding gun or welding beam through the welding groove 410 to complete the welding in a vacuum environment. S5. After welding is completed, the rotary motor 315 is started again to make the welded workpiece rotate at low speed, and the weld area is controlled to maintain contact and friction with the inner wall of the friction ring 401. The residual heat is used for stress relief treatment, and the weld surface is smoothed at the same time.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools, characterized in that, include: The main body of the welding equipment (100) is used for welding hard rock cutting teeth; The moving unit (200) is installed on the main body (100) of the welding equipment and is used to drive the teeth of the hard rock cutting tool to dock with the column. An adaptation unit (300) is installed on a moving unit (200). The adaptation unit (300) includes a tooth adaptation unit, a column adaptation unit, two cross-shaped frames (307) and two rotary motors (315). The output ends of the two rotary motors (315) are respectively connected to the two cross-shaped frames (307). One of the cross-shaped frames (307) is provided with a tooth adaptation unit, which is used to clamp and adapt to the concave and convex shape of the tooth surface of the hard rock cutting tooth. The other cross-shaped frame (307) is provided with a column adaptation unit, which is used to press against the column of the hard rock cutting tooth. The preheating unit (400) is installed on the main body (100) of the welding equipment and is used to preheat the teeth and column of the hard rock cutting teeth fixed by the adaptation unit (300) by rotational friction before welding and to smooth them after welding. The preheating unit (400) includes a friction ring (401), two toothed rings (402), multiple guide grooves (403) opened on the toothed rings (402), multiple connecting pieces (404), and two sets of petal-shaped pieces (405). The two toothed rings (402) are rotatably connected to both sides of the friction ring (401) through bearings. The two sets of petal-shaped pieces (405) are rotatably connected to the connecting pieces (404) and the friction ring (401) through bearings. The friction ring (401) is provided with guide rods (406) on both sides that match the number of guide grooves (403). The other end of the connecting piece (404) is rotatably connected to the toothed ring (402) through a bearing. A connecting ring (407) is fixed to the top of the friction ring (401). A dual-shaft motor (408) is provided in the inner cavity of the connecting ring (407). Gears (409) are connected to the two output shafts of the dual-shaft motor (408) through couplings. The two gears (409) mesh with the two gear rings (402) respectively. The gears (409) drive the guide groove (403) on the gear ring (402) to rotate along the guide rod (406), thereby driving the connecting piece (404) to rotate, so that the petal-shaped piece (405) unfolds or closes. When the hard rock cutting tooth is located in the friction ring (401), the petal-shaped piece (405) can fit with it to reduce the loss of preheating heat.

2. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth adaptation unit includes a first electric push rod (309) and four U-shaped seats (311). The output end of the first electric push rod (309) is connected to a hollow seat (310). The four sides of the hollow seat (310) are respectively rotatably connected to a first connecting rod (301). The four U-shaped seats (311) are fixed on one side of one of the cross-shaped frames (307). Each U-shaped seat (311) is rotatably connected to two second connecting rods (302). A square seat (303) is rotatably connected between every two corresponding second connecting rods (302).

3. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the square seats (303) is provided with multiple dampers (304), and a spring (305) is fixed to the outside of the damper (304). A positioning pin (306) is connected between the damper (304) and the spring (305). The side of the square seat (303) is provided with a slot for the positioning pin (306) to pass through.

4. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: The column adaptation unit includes a fixed platform (312) and four second electric push rods (313). The four second electric push rods (313) are arranged on the outer periphery of the fixed platform (312). The output end of each second electric push rod (313) is connected to a fixing block (314). The fixing block (314) can move towards the center of the fixed platform (312) under the drive of the second electric push rod (313) to clamp and fix the column of hard rock cutting teeth of different diameters.

5. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving unit (200) includes a bidirectional lead screw (201), a limiting rod (202), two square plates (203), and a drive motor (204). One end of the bidirectional lead screw (201) is connected to the drive motor (204) via a coupling, and the other end is fixedly connected to the welding equipment body (100). The two square plates (203) are threaded to both ends of the bidirectional lead screw (201), and both square plates (203) are slidably connected to the limiting rod (202). Both ends of the limiting rod (202) are fixedly connected to the welding equipment body (100).

6. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two limiting grooves (205) are provided at the bottom of each of the square plates (203). A limiting block (101) that matches the limiting groove (205) is fixed at the top of the welding equipment body (100). When the two square plates (203) move towards each other, the limiting groove (205) and the limiting block (101) cooperate to achieve linear guidance and improve the stability of the connection between the tooth and column of the hard rock cutting tooth.

7. The vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The friction ring (401) has a welding groove (410) at the top, which is used for the welding gun on the welding equipment body (100) to extend into and weld the hard rock cutting teeth. The friction ring (401) has a support rod (411) fixed at the bottom, and the bottom of the support rod (411) is fixedly connected to the welding equipment body (100).

8. A vacuum welding process for hard rock cutting tools, characterized in that, The specific steps of using the vacuum welding apparatus for producing hard rock cutting tools as described in claim 7 include: S1. The tooth and column of the hard rock cutting tool are respectively clamped in the tooth adaptation unit and the column adaptation unit. The first electric push rod (309) drives multiple positioning pins (306) to adaptively abut against the irregular tooth surface of the tooth. At the same time, the four second electric push rods (313) drive the fixing block (314) to radially clamp the column. S2. Start the moving unit (200) to drive the tooth and column of the clamped hard rock cutting tooth to move towards each other, so that the end face of the tooth and the end face of the column approach each other and enter the friction ring (401) of the preheating unit (400). Control the dual-axis motor (408) to drive the petal-shaped plate (405) to close, so that the inner wall of the petal-shaped plate (405) fits against the outer surface of the workpiece to form a heat preservation cavity. S3. Start the rotary motor (315) to drive the clamped teeth and column to rotate synchronously at high speed, so that the end faces to be welded rub against each other to generate heat. At the same time, the outer surface of the workpiece rubs against the inner wall of the friction ring (401) to generate heat, so as to uniformly preheat the area to be welded. S4. When the preheating temperature reaches the set value, stop rotating and introduce the welding gun or welding beam through the welding groove (410) to complete the welding in a vacuum environment. S5. After welding is completed, the rotary motor (315) is started again to make the welded workpiece rotate at low speed, and the weld area is controlled to maintain contact and friction with the inner wall of the friction ring (401). The residual heat is used for stress relief treatment, and the weld surface is smoothed at the same time.

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