A fuel additive, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of fuel additives and clean energy technology. The invention provides a fuel additive comprising 40-60 parts of fatty acid esters, 10-20 parts of alcohol ether compounds, 1-3 parts of nano-oxides, 2-4 parts of surfactants, 1-2 parts of oxidation stabilizers, 2-3 parts of sodium benzoate, 1-2 parts of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 0.5-1 part of organometallic catalytic combustion improver, and 20-30 parts of solvent oil. This fuel additive significantly improves fuel combustion efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, reduces CO, HC, NOx and soot emissions, and improves combustion stability and storage performance. The additive uses some bio-based raw materials, possessing both energy-saving and emission-reduction properties as well as green and low-carbon characteristics. It is suitable for the combustion-enhancing modification of gasoline, diesel, and biofuels, and has good environmental benefits and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel additives and clean energy technology, and in particular to a fuel additive for improving fuel utilization, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions, as well as its preparation method and application. It belongs to the energy chemical technology of energy conservation, emission reduction and green low-carbon development. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, internal combustion engines remain the primary power source for vehicles and industrial equipment. However, traditional fuels suffer from low energy conversion efficiency and incomplete combustion during the combustion process. Under high load or long-term operation, engines often experience high fuel consumption and insufficient thermal utilization, leading to decreased fuel economy and the emission of large amounts of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, wasting energy and impacting the environment. Improving fuel efficiency and reducing fuel consumption and emissions has become an important research direction in the fields of combustion science and energy chemistry.

[0003] Due to differences in refining processes and crude oil properties, commonly used gasoline and diesel fuel in China have a relatively high content of light hydrocarbons. These components exhibit good volatility at low temperatures, but during high-temperature combustion in engines, they easily generate intermediate free radicals and incomplete oxidation products, leading to incomplete combustion, increased carbon deposits, and the production of high concentrations of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon pollutants. Simultaneously, the intense exothermic combustion of light components easily creates localized high-temperature zones, thereby accelerating the formation of nitrogen oxides. Studies have shown that an unreasonable fuel composition ratio is one of the important reasons for decreased combustion efficiency and increased emissions.

[0004] To improve fuel combustion characteristics and reduce pollution emissions, various clean fuel systems, such as oxygenated fuels and blended biofuels, have been widely promoted both domestically and internationally. These fuels can, to some extent, increase oxygen content, promote complete combustion, and reduce soot formation. However, due to significant polarity differences, blended systems have poor compatibility and are prone to phase separation or component separation. Some oxygenated components are easily oxidized, polymerized, or deteriorated by moisture absorption under high-temperature or long-term storage conditions, leading to decreased fuel stability. Furthermore, a decrease in calorific value also affects fuel economy. Therefore, a single fuel system cannot simultaneously achieve optimal combustion efficiency, thermal stability, and emission control.

[0005] During combustion, fuel molecules decompose at high temperatures, generating various free radicals. These free radicals react with oxygen in a chain reaction to form oxidation intermediates, ultimately producing carbon dioxide and water. When the concentration of free radicals in the reaction system is too high, side reactions or thermal deflagration may occur during the oxidation process, leading to incomplete combustion and increased emissions. In particular, the formation of nitrogen oxides is closely related to the free radical reaction pathway, and the accumulation of free radicals at high temperatures often results in a significant increase in their emissions. How to regulate the formation, transformation, and consumption of free radicals during combustion, so that the combustion reaction maintains adequate heat release while achieving complete oxidation, is a key research focus in fuel chemistry and clean combustion technology.

[0006] To address the issues of insufficient fuel combustion efficiency and pollution emissions, researchers commonly employ the method of adding multifunctional additives to base fuels to improve combustion performance by regulating the fuel's physicochemical properties. Existing fuel additives are diverse, typically including combustion promoters, antioxidant stabilizers, detergents and dispersants, catalytic composites, interface modifiers, and corrosion and scale inhibitors. Different types of additives play a role in improving fuel performance, but overall, they still suffer from insufficient system stability, poor synergy, and limited environmental adaptability. Combustion promoters often improve the oxygen supply characteristics of the combustion process by introducing oxygen-containing functional groups or catalytic centers, thereby increasing the completeness of fuel combustion. However, these substances often have high volatility and low thermal stability, and are prone to stratification, precipitation, or volatilization loss under high temperature or long-term storage conditions, leading to significant fluctuations in combustion performance. Simultaneously, some combustion promoter components may alter the fuel's calorific value density, affecting engine economy and combustion stability. Functional components used to catalyze combustion reactions can promote the oxidative decomposition of hydrocarbons under certain conditions, improving combustion rate and energy utilization. However, these catalytic components often suffer from insufficient dispersibility, agglomeration, or deposition, potentially forming difficult-to-remove residues in the later stages of high-temperature combustion. These residues can adhere to the injector or combustion chamber surfaces, affecting the long-term performance of the engine. The synergistic mechanism between different catalytic centers is complex, and its effectiveness is easily affected by fuel composition, temperature, and operating environment, leading to insufficient system stability. Antioxidant and anti-aging additives mainly inhibit the auto-oxidation reaction of fuel during storage and use, delaying the formation of gum or deposits. These components have a certain degree of stability at room temperature, but are prone to degradation under high-temperature fuel cycling or long-term storage and transportation conditions, resulting in decreased antioxidant performance. Some antioxidant components may also form complexes or reactions when coexisting with catalytic components, thereby weakening the overall combustion-promoting effect of the system and affecting the long-term stability of the fuel. Interface-modifying components are often used to improve the dispersion and miscibility of components of different polarities in the fuel system, allowing the additive to be evenly distributed in the fuel and maintaining the stability of the fuel system. However, some interfacial active components are prone to aggregation and precipitation under high temperature, high shear, or long-term storage conditions, leading to uneven distribution in the system, failure of combustion-supporting components, and ultimately affecting combustion efficiency and emission control. Some studies have attempted to use composite systems with multiple interfacial modifiers to enhance compatibility, but the system design is complex, the ratio is difficult to control, and the cost of industrial application is high.

[0007] With the promotion of green, low-carbon, and renewable energy, fuel systems are gradually developing towards higher efficiency, cleaner production, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, organic compounds containing renewable functional groups have been introduced into fuel systems to improve combustion characteristics and lubrication performance. However, these components generally suffer from high polarity, hygroscopicity, and oxidation, and have limited compatibility with the fuel matrix or other functional components, easily leading to stratification, precipitation, or side reactions, resulting in decreased combustion stability. On the other hand, nanoscale functional components, due to their large specific surface area and high surface energy, show potential in the field of catalytic combustion, but their agglomeration and sedimentation problems in liquid fuel systems have not yet been effectively solved; stable dispersion remains a crucial factor affecting combustion performance.

[0008] Furthermore, the synergistic mechanism of multifunctional composite fuel additive systems remains unclear. Different types of functional components may compete or antagonize each other within the system, leading to unstable overall performance. Simultaneously, the thermal decomposition pathways, catalytic reaction behavior, and long-term performance of composite systems under complex combustion environments still lack systematic research. While some additive systems exhibit good energy-saving and emission-reduction effects under short-term experimental conditions, they still face challenges in practical applications, including energy efficiency fluctuations, deposition tendencies, and insufficient long-term storage performance.

[0009] In summary, while existing fuel additive technologies have made some progress in improving combustion performance, reducing emissions, and extending fuel life, they still suffer from the following common problems: First, the system stability is insufficient, and components with significant polarity differences are difficult to maintain a long-term uniform distribution; second, catalytic and antioxidant functions are difficult to achieve simultaneously, and the synergistic mechanism of composite systems is complex and significantly affected by conditions; third, some processes have high energy consumption and cumbersome steps, which are not conducive to large-scale preparation and application; fourth, the fuel's energy-saving and emission-reduction effects are easily affected by raw material fluctuations, environmental conditions, and usage cycles, resulting in unstable actual performance. In other words, current technologies still lack a highly efficient fuel additive system that achieves a balance between structural compatibility, combustion promotion, and storage stability, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of energy saving, low fuel consumption, and environmental protection under low addition levels.

[0010] Therefore, researching and developing a fuel additive with high combustion efficiency, good stability, and energy-saving and emission-reduction performance, as well as its preparation method, has good application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of incomplete combustion, low energy utilization, high fuel consumption, and large exhaust emissions in existing fuels by providing a fuel additive, its preparation method, and its application. This additive, through the combination of multiple functional components with combustion-promoting, stabilizing, and antioxidant effects, improves the combustion characteristics of fuel, increases the heat release efficiency of fuel, reduces fuel consumption, and simultaneously reduces emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, achieving the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, and green, clean combustion.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a fuel additive comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts fatty acid esters, 10-20 parts alcohol ether compounds, 1-3 parts nano oxides, 2-4 parts surfactants, 1-2 parts oxidation stabilizers, 2-3 parts sodium benzoate, 1-2 parts 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 0.5-1 part organometallic catalytic combustion promoters, and 20-30 parts solvent oil.

[0013] Preferably, the fatty acid ester is one or more of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, tripalmitoyl glycerol, and methyl laurate. The alcohol ether compound is one or more of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and triethylene glycol methyl ether.

[0014] Preferably, the nano-oxide is one or more of cerium oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide, and the average particle size of the nano-oxide is 20~30nm.

[0015] Preferably, the surfactant is lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, stearate polyoxyethylene ester, polyethylene glycol monolaurate or oleate polyoxyethylene ester. The oxidative stabilizer is one or more of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 4-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, and triphenylphosphine.

[0016] Preferably, the organometallic catalytic combustion aid is one or more of ferrocene, manganese isooctanoate, and cobalt isooctanoate; The solvent oil is one or more of paraffin oil, mineral oil, and naphtha.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned fuel additive, comprising the following steps: 1) After pretreating fatty acid esters, alcohol ether compounds and surfactants are added and mixed to obtain a mixture; 2) The nano-oxide and the organometallic catalytic combustion aid are added to the mixture and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a dispersion; 3) Add oxidation stabilizer, sodium benzoate and 2,6-dimethylpyridine to the dispersion, mix and then add solvent oil and stir to obtain fuel additive.

[0018] Preferably, the pretreatment in step 1) involves heating and dehydrating the fatty acid ester at 50-70°C for 30-40 minutes. The mixing speed is 200~300 r / min, the temperature is 60~70℃, and the time is 20~30 min.

[0019] Preferably, the ultrasonic dispersion in step 2) has a power of 300~400W, a frequency of 20~40kHz, a temperature of 30~40℃, and a time of 30~35min.

[0020] Preferably, the mixing speed in step 3) is 400~500 r / min, the temperature is 40~50℃, and the time is 10~20 min; The stirring speed is 250~300 r / min, the temperature is 20~30℃, and the time is 40~60 min.

[0021] The present invention also provides the application of the fuel additive in fuel, wherein the fuel additive is mixed with fuel at a volume ratio of 1:800~1000.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention include the following: 1) The fuel additive of the present invention can effectively reduce fuel consumption, significantly reduce oil consumption, improve fuel utilization efficiency, reduce energy waste, and has a significant energy-saving effect.

[0023] 2) The fuel additive of the present invention can significantly improve the combustion process, increase combustion efficiency, reduce CO and HC emissions, extend engine service life, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0024] 3) The fuel additive of the present invention can inhibit the formation of NOx during the high-temperature combustion stage through the synergistic effect of organometallic catalytic components and nano-oxides, significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, improve the environmental performance of the engine, and provide technical support for achieving ultra-low emission combustion.

[0025] 4) The fuel additive of the present invention improves combustion while significantly reducing the generation of soot and particulate matter, which helps to reduce air pollution and improve emission cleanliness.

[0026] 5) The fuel additive of the present invention did not exhibit stratification or sedimentation during long-term storage, demonstrating good storage stability. This means that the additive can maintain long-term stability under various storage environments and will not fail due to changes in temperature or storage conditions, ensuring its reliability in actual use.

[0027] 6) This invention utilizes green and low-carbon components such as bio-based fatty acid esters, which have lower sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbon content compared to traditional petrochemical products, reducing environmental pollution during combustion. Furthermore, the use of organometallic catalysts and nano-oxides as combustion aids further improves combustion efficiency and fuel utilization, aligning with the global environmental trend of energy conservation, emission reduction, and low-carbon development. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a fuel additive comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts fatty acid esters, 10-20 parts alcohol ether compounds, 1-3 parts nano oxides, 2-4 parts surfactants, 1-2 parts oxidation stabilizers, 2-3 parts sodium benzoate, 1-2 parts 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 0.5-1 part organometallic catalytic combustion promoters, and 20-30 parts solvent oil.

[0029] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 40 to 60 parts of fatty acid ester, preferably 45 to 55 parts, more preferably 48 to 52 parts, and even more preferably 50 parts.

[0030] In this invention, the fatty acid ester is preferably one or more of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, tripalmitoyl glycerol, and methyl laurate.

[0031] In this invention, the fatty acid ester, as the main combustion promoter, effectively reduces fuel viscosity and improves fuel atomization performance through the combination of its fatty acid chain and alcohol group, thereby promoting more complete combustion. Fatty acid esters can help reduce carbon deposit formation during combustion, improve combustion efficiency, reduce the generation of emissions such as CO and HC, and thus reduce fuel consumption and improve fuel utilization.

[0032] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 10 to 20 parts of alcohol ether compounds, preferably 12 to 18 parts, more preferably 14 to 16 parts, and even more preferably 15 parts.

[0033] In this invention, the alcohol ether compound is preferably one or more of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and triethylene glycol methyl ether.

[0034] In this invention, the alcohol ether compounds possess excellent combustion-promoting properties. They can significantly improve the oxidation performance of fuel, promoting the combustion of hydrocarbons in the fuel through redox reactions and enhancing thermal efficiency. Alcohol ether compounds also have low surface tension, which aids in fuel atomization, improves low-temperature start-up performance, and effectively reduces the formation of harmful substances (such as CO and HC) in exhaust gases.

[0035] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 1 to 3 parts of nano-oxide, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 parts, more preferably 1.8 to 2.2 parts, and even more preferably 2 parts.

[0036] In this invention, the nano-oxide is preferably one or more of cerium oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide, and the average particle size of the nano-oxide is preferably 20-30 nm, more preferably 24-26 nm, and even more preferably 25 nm.

[0037] In this invention, the nano-oxides possess a large specific surface area and catalytic properties, enabling them to promote oxidation reactions during fuel combustion. Through surface catalysis, nano-oxides accelerate fuel combustion, increase fuel thermal efficiency, and significantly reduce harmful gas emissions, particularly NOx formation.

[0038] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 2 to 4 parts of surfactant, preferably 2.5 to 3.5 parts, more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 parts, and even more preferably 3 parts.

[0039] In this invention, the surfactant is preferably lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, or oleic acid polyoxyethylene ester.

[0040] In this invention, the surfactants are primarily used to improve the dispersibility and lubricity of fuel. By reducing the surface tension of the liquid, they allow the fuel to be distributed more evenly during combustion, promoting a more complete combustion reaction. This effectively reduces carbon deposits, improves engine combustion stability, and reduces engine wear.

[0041] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 1 to 2 parts of an oxidation stabilizer, preferably 1.2 to 1.8 parts, more preferably 1.4 to 1.6 parts, and even more preferably 1.5 parts.

[0042] In this invention, the oxidative stabilizer is preferably one or more of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 4-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, and triphenylphosphine.

[0043] In this invention, the oxidation stabilizers act as antioxidants in fuel, preventing oxidative degradation during storage. They extend fuel life and storage stability by capturing free radicals, preventing hydrocarbons and other reactive molecules in the fuel from reacting with oxygen. Furthermore, the oxidation stabilizers reduce auto-oxidation at high temperatures, maintaining fuel stability and minimizing equipment corrosion caused by oxidation.

[0044] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 2 to 3 parts of sodium benzoate, preferably 2.2 to 2.8 parts, more preferably 2.4 to 2.6 parts, and even more preferably 2.5 parts.

[0045] In this invention, sodium benzoate, acting as a preservative and stabilizer, effectively inhibits the growth of microorganisms in fuel, reducing fuel quality degradation caused by microorganisms. It also possesses antioxidant properties, binding with active substances in fuel to prevent oxidation reactions and thus extending fuel storage time.

[0046] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 1 to 2 parts of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, preferably 1.2 to 1.8 parts, more preferably 1.4 to 1.6 parts, and even more preferably 1.5 parts.

[0047] In this invention, 2,6-dimethylpyridine acts as a corrosion inhibitor, forming a protective film in the fuel system to reduce oxidation and corrosion on metal surfaces. During fuel combustion, it inhibits the reaction between metals and active molecules in the fuel through chemical reactions, protecting the engine and fuel system and extending equipment lifespan.

[0048] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 0.5 to 1 part of a metal-organic catalytic combustion improver, preferably 0.6 to 0.8 parts, more preferably 0.65 to 0.75 parts, and even more preferably 0.7 parts.

[0049] In this invention, the organometallic catalytic combustion aid is preferably one or more of ferrocene, manganese isooctanoate, and cobalt isooctanoate.

[0050] In this invention, the organometallic catalytic combustion aid is capable of forming a reversible metal redox cycle (e.g., during fuel combustion) This component enables a continuous supply of active oxygen and electron migration in the fuel, significantly reducing the combustion activation energy and promoting the complete combustion of hydrocarbons. In the early stages of combustion, it accelerates the generation of free radicals and the propagation of chain reactions, improving fuel ignition performance and heat release rate. In the later stages of combustion, the trace metal oxides generated further catalyze the oxidative decomposition of unburned carbon residues, effectively reducing carbon deposits and soot formation, thereby improving combustion efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, reducing exhaust emissions, and improving engine cold start and operational stability.

[0051] The fuel additive of the present invention contains 20 to 30 parts of solvent oil, preferably 22 to 28 parts, more preferably 24 to 26 parts, and even more preferably 25 parts.

[0052] In this invention, the solvent oil is preferably one or more of paraffin oil, mineral oil, and naphtha.

[0053] In this invention, the main function of the solvent oil in the fuel additive is to regulate the flowability of the fuel, improve its dilution and stability, and contribute to the uniform distribution of various components. The solvent oil enhances the solubility of the additive and, through its suitable volatility, helps the fuel achieve good atomization, thereby improving combustion efficiency.

[0054] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned fuel additive, comprising the following steps: 1) After pretreating fatty acid esters, alcohol ether compounds and surfactants are added and mixed to obtain a mixture; 2) The nano-oxide and the organometallic catalytic combustion aid are added to the mixture and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a dispersion; 3) Add oxidation stabilizer, sodium benzoate and 2,6-dimethylpyridine to the dispersion, mix and then add solvent oil and stir to obtain fuel additive.

[0055] In this invention, the pretreatment in step 1) is preferably to heat the fatty acid ester at 50~70°C to dehydrate for 30~40 min, more preferably to heat the fatty acid ester at 55~65°C to dehydrate for 34~36 min, and more preferably to heat the fatty acid ester at 60°C to dehydrate for 35 min. The mixing speed is preferably 200~300 r / min, more preferably 240~260 r / min, and even more preferably 250 r / min; the temperature is preferably 60~70℃, more preferably 64~66℃, and even more preferably 65℃; the time is preferably 20~30 min, more preferably 24~26 min, and even more preferably 25 min.

[0056] In this invention, the power of ultrasonic dispersion in step 2) is preferably 300~400W, and further preferably... The power is selected to be 340~360W, more preferably 350W; the frequency is preferably 20~40kHz, further preferably 25~35kHz, more preferably 30kHz; the temperature is preferably 30~40℃, further preferably 34~36℃, more preferably 35℃; the time is preferably 30~35min, further preferably 32~34min, more preferably 33min.

[0057] In this invention, the mixing speed in step 3) is preferably 400~500 r / min, more preferably 440~460 r / min, and even more preferably 450 r / min; the temperature is preferably 40~50℃, more preferably 44~46℃, and even more preferably 45℃; the time is preferably 10~20 min, more preferably 14~16 min, and even more preferably 15 min. The stirring speed is preferably 250~300 r / min, more preferably 260~280 r / min, and even more preferably 270 r / min; the temperature is preferably 20~30℃, more preferably 24~26℃, and even more preferably 25℃; the time is preferably 40~60 min, more preferably 45~55 min, and even more preferably 50 min.

[0058] The present invention also provides the application of the fuel additive in fuel, wherein the fuel additive is mixed with fuel at a volume ratio of 1:800~1000.

[0059] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0060] 50g of methyl palmitate was placed in a constant temperature reaction vessel and heated at 60℃ for 35 minutes to remove water. Then, 15g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 3g of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether were added. The mixture was stirred at 65°C at a speed of 250 r / min for 25 min to obtain a mixture.

[0061] 2g of iron oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 25nm) and 0.8g of ferrocene were added to the mixture, and the mixture was treated with an ultrasonic dispersion device. The ultrasonic dispersion power was 350W, the frequency was 30kHz, the temperature was 35℃, and the time was 30min to obtain the dispersion.

[0062] 1 g of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 2.5 g of sodium benzoate, and 1.5 g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine were added to the dispersion and mixed for 15 min at 45°C and 450 r / min. Then, 25 g of paraffin oil was added and stirring continued at 280 r / min, 25°C, for 50 min. After stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 h, filtered to remove impurities, and a transparent and uniform fuel additive was obtained. Example 2

[0063] 40g of methyl oleate was placed in a constant temperature reaction vessel and heated at 50℃ for 40 minutes to remove water. Then, 10g of diethylene glycol ethyl ether and 2g of polyoxyethylene stearate were added. (n=12) were mixed at 60℃ at a speed of 300 r / min for 20 min to obtain a mixture.

[0064] 1g of cerium oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 20nm) and 0.5g of manganese isooctanoate were added to the mixture, and the mixture was treated with an ultrasonic dispersion device. The ultrasonic dispersion power was 300W, the frequency was 40kHz, the temperature was 30℃, and the time was 35min to obtain the dispersion.

[0065] 1.5 g of 4-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, 2 g of sodium benzoate, and 1 g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine were added to the dispersion and mixed for 10 min at 40 °C and a stirring speed of 500 r / min. Then, 20 g of mineral oil was added and stirring continued at 250 r / min, 30 °C, and for 40 min. After stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 h, filtered to remove impurities, and a transparent and homogeneous fuel additive was obtained. Example 3

[0066] 60g of ethyl oleate was placed in a constant temperature reaction vessel and heated at 70℃ for 30 minutes to remove water. Then, 20g of triethylene glycol methyl ether and 4g of polyethylene glycol monolaurate were added. , (n=10) were mixed at 70℃ at a speed of 200r / min for 30min to obtain a mixture.

[0067] Add 3g of copper oxide nanoparticles (average particle size 30nm) and 1g of isooctanoic acid to the mixture. Cobalt was processed using an ultrasonic dispersion device. The ultrasonic dispersion power was 400W, the frequency was 20kHz, the temperature was 40℃, and the time was 32min to obtain a dispersion.

[0068] Add 2g of triphenylphosphine, 3g of sodium benzoate, and 2g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine to the dispersion and mix for 20 minutes at 50℃ and 400 rpm. Then add 30g of naphtha and continue stirring at 300 rpm at 20℃ for 60 minutes. After stirring, let stand for 1 hour, filter to remove impurities, and obtain a transparent and uniform fuel additive. Example 4

[0069] 45g of tripalmitic acid glyceride was placed in a constant temperature reaction vessel and heated at 55℃ for 40 minutes to remove water. Then, 15g of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 2.5g of oleic acid polyoxyethylene ester were added. The mixture was stirred at 65°C at a speed of 250 r / min for 25 min to obtain a mixture.

[0070] 1.5 g of copper oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 25 nm) and 0.6 g of cobalt isooctanoate were added to the mixture, and the mixture was treated with an ultrasonic dispersion device. The ultrasonic dispersion power was 320 W, the frequency was 25 kHz, the temperature was 30 °C, and the time was 34 min to obtain the dispersion.

[0071] 1.2 g of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 2.4 g of sodium benzoate, and 1.3 g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine were added to the dispersion and mixed for 14 min at 40 °C and 420 r / min. Then, 25 g of paraffin oil was added and stirring continued at 260 r / min, 20 °C, and for 55 min. After stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 h, filtered to remove impurities, and a transparent and homogeneous fuel additive was obtained. Example 5

[0072] 55g of methyl lauryl acetate was placed in a constant temperature reaction vessel and heated at 65℃ for 40 minutes to remove water. Then, 18g of diethylene glycol ethyl ether and 3.5g of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether were added. (n=7) were mixed at 70℃ at a speed of 300 r / min for 20 min to obtain a mixture.

[0073] 2.5g of cerium oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 25nm) and 0.7g of manganese isooctanoate were added to the mixture, and the mixture was treated with an ultrasonic dispersion device. The ultrasonic dispersion power was 300W, the frequency was 35kHz, the temperature was 30℃, and the time was 32min to obtain the dispersion.

[0074] Add 1.6 g of 4-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, 2.8 g of sodium benzoate, and 1.6 g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine to the dispersion, and mix for 15 min at 40 °C and a stirring speed of 500 r / min. Then add... Continue stirring with 26g of mineral oil at a speed of 260r / min, a temperature of 25℃, and a time of 55min.

[0075] After stirring, let it stand for 1 hour, then filter to remove impurities, and obtain a transparent and uniform fuel additive. Comparative Example 1

[0076] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the iron oxide nanoparticles and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether are omitted. Comparative Example 2

[0077] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the pretreatment process of methyl palmitate is omitted. Comparative Example 3

[0078] The method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that sodium benzoate is omitted and the amount of 2,6-dimethylpyridine is adjusted to 5g. Comparative Example 4

[0079] The method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is adjusted to 0.5g and the amount of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole is adjusted to 4g. Comparative Example 5

[0080] The procedure is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the ultrasonic dispersion power is adjusted to 500W, the frequency is adjusted to 50kHz, and the time is adjusted to 20min. Comparative Example 6

[0081] The experiment was basically the same as in Example 1, except that the stirring speed was adjusted to 200 r / min, the temperature was adjusted to 50°C, and the time was adjusted to 30 min.

[0082] The fuel additives obtained in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were added to 93-octane gasoline at a ratio of 1:1000 (by volume), and then their combustion performance was tested. The test results and test methods are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Performance test results of different fuel additives

[0084] As shown in Table 1, the fuel additives of Examples 1-5 are superior to those of Comparative Examples 1-6 in all performance indicators, especially in terms of the reduction rate of CO, HC and NOx and fuel consumption, where the performance of the Examples is more outstanding.

[0085] Regarding fuel consumption, Example 1 showed a fuel consumption of 4.56 L / h, significantly lower than Comparative Example 1's 5.22 L / h, demonstrating that the fuel additive of the present invention has a higher fuel utilization rate. The fuel consumption of Examples 2-5 was also generally lower than the comparative example, indicating that the fuel additive of the present invention can effectively reduce fuel consumption.

[0086] Regarding CO reduction rate, Example 1 achieved a CO reduction rate of 60%, significantly higher than Comparative Example 1's 48%. Examples 2-5 also showed significantly higher CO reduction rates than the comparative example. These results demonstrate that the fuel additive of the present invention can significantly promote complete fuel combustion, reduce carbon monoxide emissions, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing environmental pollution.

[0087] Regarding the HC reduction rate, Example 1 showed an HC reduction rate of 63%, compared to 45% in Comparative Example 1. The reduction effect is more significant. The HC reduction rate of other embodiments is also higher than that of the comparative example, which further proves the effective inhibition of unburned hydrocarbons by the fuel additive of the present invention, which helps to improve the combustion process and reduce harmful emissions.

[0088] Regarding NOx reduction rate, Example 1 showed a NOx reduction rate of 82%, significantly higher than Comparative Example 1's 65%. Examples 2-5 also showed better NOx reduction rates than the comparative examples, indicating that the fuel additive of the present invention can effectively reduce NOx emissions, improve NOx formation during high-temperature combustion, and help reduce air pollution.

[0089] In summary, the fuel additive of the present invention has significant advantages in energy saving and emission reduction compared with the prior art, especially in terms of fuel consumption, CO, HC and NOx emission control, demonstrating the great potential of the fuel additive of the present invention in improving fuel utilization, reducing emissions and improving combustion efficiency.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel additive, characterized in that, The components comprise the following parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fatty acid esters, 10-20 parts of alcohol ether compounds, 1-3 parts of nano oxides, 2-4 parts of surfactants, 1-2 parts of oxidation stabilizers, 2-3 parts of sodium benzoate, 1-2 parts of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 0.5-1 parts of organometallic catalytic combustion promoters, and 20-30 parts of solvent oil; The fatty acid ester is one or more of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, tripalmitoyl glycerol, and methyl lauryl ester. The alcohol ether compound is one or more of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether and triethylene glycol methyl ether; The nano-oxide is one or more of cerium oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide, and the average particle size of the nano-oxide is 20~30nm. The surfactant is lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyethylene glycol monolaurate or oleic acid polyoxyethylene ester. The oxidation stabilizer is one or more of 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole, 4-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole, and triphenylphosphine; The organometallic catalytic combustion aid is one or more of ferrocene, manganese isooctanoate, and cobalt isooctanoate; The solvent oil is one or more of paraffin oil, mineral oil, and naphtha.

2. The method for preparing the fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) After pretreating fatty acid esters, alcohol ether compounds and surfactants are added and mixed to obtain a mixture; 2) The nano-oxide and the organometallic catalytic combustion aid are added to the mixture and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a dispersion; 3) Add oxidation stabilizer, sodium benzoate and 2,6-dimethylpyridine to the dispersion, mix and then add solvent oil and stir to obtain fuel additive.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1) The pretreatment involves heating the fatty acid ester at 50-70°C to dehydrate it for 30-40 minutes. Step 1) The mixing speed is 200~300 r / min, the temperature is 60~70℃, and the time is 20~30 min.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 2) The ultrasonic dispersion power is 300~400W, the frequency is 20~40kHz, the temperature is 30~40℃, and the time is 30~35min.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, Step 3) The mixing speed is 400~500 r / min, the temperature is 40~50℃, and the time is 10~20 min; Step 3) The stirring speed is 250~300 r / min, the temperature is 20~30℃, and the time is 40~60 min.

6. The application of the fuel additive according to claim 1 in fuel, characterized in that, The fuel additive is mixed with fuel at a volume ratio of 1:800~1000.

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