Flow-induced wear test apparatus for steam generator heat transfer tubes

Abstract

The application provides a flow-induced abrasion test device for a steam generator heat pipe, and relates to the technical field of reactor simulation test. The flow-induced abrasion test device comprises a test cylinder body, a top simulation support plate comprising a first simulation hollowed-out area, the top simulation support plate being located in the test cylinder body and fixedly connected with the test cylinder body, a plurality of simulation heat pipes located in the test cylinder body, the simulation heat pipes comprising simulation to-be-tested sections which are produced in accordance with true to-be-tested sections without scaling in proportion, the simulation to-be-tested sections penetrating through the top simulation support plate, an adjustable cover plate comprising at least one flow channel hole, the adjustable cover plate being adapted to be fixedly connected with the top simulation support plate and covering the first simulation hollowed-out area, the adjustable cover plate being adapted to change a flow field of a steam-water mixture after the steam-water mixture flows through the first simulation hollowed-out area through the at least one flow channel hole, and a data acquisition module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application mainly relates to the field of reactor simulation test technology, and in particular to a flow-induced wear test device for heat transfer tubes of a steam generator. Background Technology

[0002] As a key piece of equipment in a nuclear power system, the steam generator plays a crucial role in converting the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor into steam energy, serving as a critical interface connecting the primary and secondary loops. The heat transfer tubes of the steam generator are a critical component of the primary loop pressure boundary, accounting for 80% of the total area of ​​the primary coolant system pressure boundary. While the steam generator's heat transfer tubes are an important barrier against the leakage of radioactive fission products, they are also the weakest link in the primary loop system. During service, the high-temperature, high-pressure steam-water mixture on the secondary side laterally erodes the heat transfer tubes, easily causing flow-induced vibration and fretting wear. Prolonged flow-induced vibration and fretting wear can lead to thinning of the heat transfer tube walls, crack propagation, and even rupture, resulting in the serious consequence of radioactive material leakage.

[0003] In existing technologies, research on flow-induced vibration and fretting wear (i.e., flow-induced wear) of heat transfer tubes mainly relies on simplified experimental models and numerical simulation methods, but these methods all have certain limitations. Traditional simplified experimental models cannot effectively simulate the complex flow field around the heat transfer tube, while complex experimental models require excessively large equipment, high investment, and long testing cycles. Furthermore, existing research also struggles to adjust the flow field around the heat transfer tube to study the flow-induced wear of the heat transfer tube under the influence of different flow fields.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a compact flow-induced wear test device that can effectively simulate and adjust the flow field around the heat transfer tube. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a flow-induced wear test device for heat transfer tubes of steam generators, which can effectively simulate and adjust the flow field around the heat transfer tubes and has a compact size.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a flow-induced wear testing device for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator. This device is suitable for conducting flow-induced wear tests on actual heat transfer tubes in a steam generator. The steam generator includes a top real support plate and multiple actual heat transfer tubes. Each actual heat transfer tube includes an actual test section. The top real support plate includes a first real center plate area, which includes a first real hollow area. The actual test sections of the multiple actual heat transfer tubes pass through the first real center plate area. The flow-induced wear testing device includes: a test cylinder with at least one water inlet at its bottom, suitable for allowing a steam-water mixture to flow into the test cylinder; and a top simulated support plate, including a first simulated center plate area scaled proportionally to the first real center plate area. The test chamber includes a core plate area, comprising a first simulated hollow area corresponding to a first real hollow area, and a top simulated support plate located inside the test chamber and fixedly connected to the test chamber. It also includes multiple simulated heat transfer tubes located inside the test chamber, each including a simulated test section made to scale according to the actual test section, which passes through the top simulated support plate. An adjustable cover plate, including at least one flow channel hole, is adapted to be fixedly connected to the top simulated support plate and cover the first simulated hollow area. The adjustable cover plate is adapted to change the flow field of the steam-water mixture after it flows through the first simulated hollow area through at least one flow channel hole. Finally, a data acquisition module, including multiple sensor units, is located inside the test chamber.

[0007] Optionally, the steam generator includes a real test cover close to multiple real heat transfer tubes. The test cylinder includes a simulated test cover made to the same scale as the real test cover without scaling. The simulated test cover has multiple first through holes. The flow-induced wear test device also includes a data analysis module located outside the test cylinder. The data acquisition module also includes multiple data transmission lines, wherein each data transmission line is connected to the data analysis module and passes through the corresponding first through hole to be connected to the corresponding sensor unit. The data analysis module is adapted to calculate the flow-induced wear result of the simulated heat transfer tubes based on the data collected by the multiple sensor units.

[0008] Optionally, the data acquisition module further includes: multiple transmission line fixing components, each including a first fixing ring, a flexible water-blocking component, a second fixing ring, and a fixing bolt. Each transmission line fixing component corresponds to a data transmission line. The first fixing ring, the flexible water-blocking component, and the second fixing ring are sequentially sleeved on the corresponding data transmission line and located in the first through hole corresponding to the data transmission line. The fixing bolt has a second through hole that extends along the axial direction of the fixing bolt. The data transmission line is adapted to pass through the second through hole, and the fixing bolt is adapted to extend into the first through hole. The outer surface of the data transmission line, the inner surface of the first through hole, and the opposing sides of the first and second fixing rings constitute a receiving space. The flexible water-blocking component is adapted to fill the receiving space after the fixing bolt abuts against the second fixing ring.

[0009] Optionally, the first through hole includes a first through hole section, a second through hole section, and a third through hole section connected in sequence along the radial direction of the test cylinder, with the hole diameter increasing in sequence; the third through hole section has an internal thread, and the fixing bolt has an external thread corresponding to the internal thread; the first fixing ring, the flexible water-blocking element, and the second fixing ring are located in the second through hole section, and the first fixing ring abuts against the end of the first through hole section near the second through hole section.

[0010] Optionally, the actual test section includes an actual U-shaped pipe section located above the actual support plate at the top and two actual straight pipe sections connected to both ends of the actual U-shaped pipe section. The simulated test section includes a simulated U-shaped pipe section corresponding to the actual U-shaped pipe section and two simulated straight pipe sections corresponding to the two actual straight pipe sections. The flow-induced wear test device also includes: a simulated tube sheet, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test cylinder and covers the bottom. The ends of the simulated straight pipe sections of multiple simulated heat transfer pipes are fixedly connected to the simulated tube sheet. At least one water inlet is opened radially on the test cylinder above the simulated tube sheet.

[0011] Optionally, the simulated U-shaped pipe segment includes a simulated bend away from the top real support plate, and the flow-induced abrasion test device further includes: a first anti-vibration strip assembly, including a first anti-vibration strip fixing ring and multiple first anti-vibration strips fixedly connected to the first anti-vibration strip fixing ring, the first anti-vibration strip fixing ring being detachably connected to the test cylinder, and the first anti-vibration strips being located between adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe segments and close to the simulated bend.

[0012] Optionally, the flow-induced wear test apparatus further includes: a second anti-vibration strip assembly, including a second anti-vibration strip fixing ring and multiple second anti-vibration strips fixedly connected to the second anti-vibration strip fixing ring, the second anti-vibration strip fixing ring being detachably connected to the test cylinder, and the second anti-vibration strips being located between adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe sections and away from the simulated bend.

[0013] Optionally, the steam generator also includes multiple intermediate real support plates, each including a second real center plate area. Multiple real heat transfer tube segments pass sequentially through these second real center plate areas. The flow-induced wear test device also includes multiple intermediate simulated support plates, each including a second simulated center plate area manufactured proportionally to the second real center plate area without scaling. Each intermediate simulated support plate corresponds to one intermediate real support plate. The multiple intermediate simulated support plates are fixedly connected to the test cylinder. The distance between each intermediate simulated support plate and the top simulated support plate is equal to the distance between the corresponding intermediate real support plate and the top real support plate. Each simulated straight tube segment passes sequentially through each second simulated center plate area.

[0014] Optionally, the steam generator also includes a real cylinder and multiple real top wedges. The real top support plate, multiple real top wedges, and multiple real heat transfer tubes are located inside the real cylinder. The multiple real top wedges are fixedly connected to the real cylinder, and the real top support plate is fixedly connected to the multiple real top wedges. The flow-induced wear test device also includes multiple simulated top wedges. The test cylinder has multiple openings corresponding to the multiple simulated top wedges. The multiple simulated top wedges are made based on multiple real top wedges. Each simulated top wedge extends into the test cylinder through its corresponding opening, and the multiple simulated top wedges are fixedly connected to the simulated top support plate.

[0015] Optionally, the sensor unit includes: a pressure sensor adapted to acquire pressure distribution data of the flow field of the steam-water mixture within the test cylinder; and / or a temperature sensor adapted to acquire temperature distribution data of the flow field of the steam-water mixture within the test cylinder; and / or a stress sensor disposed on the simulated heat transfer tube, adapted to acquire stress distribution data of the simulated heat transfer tube; and / or an acceleration sensor disposed on the simulated heat transfer tube, adapted to acquire acceleration data of the simulated heat transfer tube.

[0016] Optionally, the flow-induced abrasion test apparatus further includes a hot loop module connected to the test cylinder, the hot loop module being adapted to generate a steam-water mixture with a preset temperature, preset pressure, and preset flow rate.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this application has the following advantages: By performing a scale-independent, unscaled simulation of the actual test section containing the first actual hollow area and the actual heat transfer tubes, it is possible to better simulate the corresponding flow field conditions of the multiple actual heat transfer tubes most affected by flow-induced wear, thereby obtaining more accurate test results. Furthermore, since only a local area in the steam generator is simulated scale-independently, the overall volume of the flow-induced wear test device can be reduced, thus improving its compactness. On the other hand, by setting an adjustable cover plate, an effective means of changing the flow field can be provided in the test scenario, thereby providing more supporting data for suppressing flow-induced wear of the actual heat transfer tubes in the steam generator. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this application; they are incorporated into and constitute a part of this application. The drawings illustrate embodiments of this application and, together with this specification, serve to explain the principles of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the actual top support plate. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flow-induced wear testing apparatus according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the lower part of the flow-induced wear test device along the y-direction; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the upper part of the flow-induced wear test device along the y-direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A top view of the simulation test cover, the top simulation wedge, and the top simulation support plate; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A top view of the central simulated support plate and the central simulated wedge block; Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Top view of the adjustable cover plate; Figure 8 yes Figure 2 A front view of the simulated test cover; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the simulation test cover plate, transmission line fixing assembly, and data transmission line along the thickness direction of the simulation test cover plate; and Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the transmission line fixing assembly.

[0019] Figure label: Flow-induced abrasion testing apparatus 100; test cylinder 101; cylinder body 1011; conical shell 1012; cylinder section 1013; water inlet 1014; simulation test cover 1015; first through hole 1016; first through hole section 10161; second through hole section 10162; third through hole section 10163; simulation tube sheet 102; simulation tube sheet tube hole 1021; top simulation support plate 103; first simulation center plate area 1031; first simulation hollow area 1032; first simulation tube hole 1033; top simulation wedge 104; simulation heat transfer tube 105; simulation U-shaped tube section 1051; simulation straight tube section 1052; intermediate simulation support plate 106; simulation Pull rod 107; Adjustable cover plate 108; Flow channel hole 1081; First anti-vibration strip assembly 109; First anti-vibration strip fixing ring 1091; First anti-vibration strip 1092; Second anti-vibration strip assembly 110; Second anti-vibration strip fixing ring 1101; Second anti-vibration strip 1102; Middle simulated wedge block 111; Positioning plate 112; First fixing block 113; Data transmission line 120; Transmission line fixing assembly 130; First fixing ring 131; Flexible water blocking component 132; Second fixing ring 133; Fixing bolt 134; Second through hole 1341; Top real support plate 21; First real hollow area 211; First real pipe hole 212 and First real center plate area 213. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0021] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not specifically singular and may include plural forms. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0022] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0024] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, these terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. In addition, although the terminology used in this application is selected from commonly known and used terms, some terms mentioned in this application's specification may have been chosen by the applicant according to his or her judgment, and their detailed meanings are explained in the relevant sections of this description. Moreover, this application should be understood not only through the actual terms used, but also through the meaning implied by each term.

[0026] It should be understood that when a component is referred to as "on another component," "connected to another component," "coupled to another component," or "in contact with another component," it can be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or in contact with that other component, or there may be an intervening component. In contrast, when a component is referred to as "directly on another component," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," or "directly in contact with" another component, there is no intervening component. Similarly, when a first component is referred to as "electrically contacting" or "electrically coupled to" a second component, there is an electrical path between the first and second components that allows current to flow. This electrical path may include capacitors, coupled inductors, and / or other components that allow current to flow, even if there is no direct contact between the conductive components.

[0027] First, a brief description of some structures of the steam generator in this embodiment will be given. The steam generator in this embodiment includes a real cylinder, a top real support plate, and numerous real heat transfer tubes. The top real support plate is located inside the real cylinder. Each real heat transfer tube passes through the top real support plate. Each real heat transfer tube includes a real U-shaped tube section and real straight tube sections connected to both ends of the real U-shaped tube section, and the top real support plate is located near the top of the real cylinder. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The top real support plate 21 has a central axis M extending along the x-direction, and includes two first real hollow areas 211 that are hollowed out and extend along the x-direction and are arranged on the central axis M, and a plurality of first real tube holes 212 symmetrically distributed about the central axis M. Each first real hollow area 211 is symmetrical about the central axis M, and some of the first real tube holes 212 are close to the opposite sides of the first real hollow area 211. In this embodiment, two real straight tube segments of each real heat transfer tube pass through a pair of symmetrically arranged first real tube holes 212 on both sides of the central axis M, so that each real heat transfer tube spans the central axis M, and each real U-shaped tube segment is located above the top real support plate 21. It should be noted that... Figure 1 Only a portion of the first real tube hole 212 near the first real hollow area 211 is schematically depicted, and Figure 1 In order to highlight the first real hollow area 211, its size in the top real support plate 21 was enlarged.

[0028] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment, the steam-water mixture in the steam generator flows from the bottom to the top of the steam generator. Part of the steam-water mixture passes through the first real hollow area 211 and continues to flow through the real U-shaped pipe section. (Continue referring to...) Figure 1 Because the top real support plate 21 contains multiple pairs of first real tube holes 212 symmetrically arranged along the central axis M, the two real straight tube segments corresponding to each pair of first real tube holes 212 have different spacings, that is, the real U-shaped tube segments have multiple different radii. The inventors found that among the U-shaped tube segments spanning above the first real hollow area 211, the real U-shaped tube segments with smaller radii are more susceptible to the impact of the steam-water mixture flowing out of the first real hollow area 211 than the real U-shaped tube segments with larger radii. This leads to the real heat transfer tubes with smaller radii in the real U-shaped tube segments being more prone to flow-induced vibration and causing greater fretting wear.

[0029] In response to the above situation, refer to Figures 2-4One embodiment of this application proposes a flow-induced wear testing device 100 for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator (hereinafter referred to as the flow-induced wear testing device 100). This flow-induced wear testing device 100 is suitable for flow-induced wear testing of actual heat transfer tubes in a steam generator. Specifically, the flow-induced wear testing device 100 performs flow-induced wear testing on actual heat transfer tubes, i.e., the heat transfer tubes to be simulated, located near the first actual hollow area 211 of the actual straight tube section. In this embodiment, the flow-induced wear testing device 100 includes a test cylinder 101, a simulated tube sheet 102, a top simulated support plate 103, multiple top simulated wedges 104, multiple simulated heat transfer tubes 105, multiple intermediate simulated support plates 106, multiple simulated tie rods 107, an adjustable cover plate 108, a first anti-vibration strip assembly 109, a second anti-vibration strip assembly 110, multiple intermediate simulated wedges 111, a positioning plate 112, a data acquisition module (not shown in the figure), a data analysis module (not shown in the figure), and a thermal loop module (not shown in the figure). The hot loop module is connected to the test cylinder 101 and is suitable for generating a steam-water mixture with a preset temperature, preset pressure and preset flow rate, thereby simulating the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the steam-water mixture in the steam generator under any working condition.

[0030] Continue to refer to Figures 2-4 In this embodiment, the test cylinder 101 includes a test cylinder body 1011, a conical shell 1012, and a cylinder section 1013 connected sequentially from the flow direction of the steam-water mixture, i.e., the y-direction. It can be understood that the y-direction is also the direction from the bottom to the top of the test cylinder 101. Furthermore, the diameter of the upper opening of the conical shell 1012 is larger than the diameter of the lower opening of the conical shell 1012. With the above configuration, this embodiment can more accurately simulate the outer interface of the flow field around the heat transfer tube to be simulated using the test cylinder 101. Further, in some instances, the cylinder body 1011, the conical shell 1012, and the cylinder section 1013 are fixedly connected by welding, thereby preventing leakage of the high-pressure steam-water mixture from the joints between them, thus improving the simulation accuracy of the flow-induced abrasion test device 100.

[0031] In this embodiment, the steam generator also includes a real tube sheet, which is located at the bottom of the real cylinder and is used to fix the bottom end of the real heat transfer tube, that is, the end of the real straight tube section of the real heat transfer tube that is away from the real U-shaped tube. Accordingly, continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In this embodiment, the simulated tube sheet 102 corresponds to the real tube sheet. Specifically, the simulated tube sheet 102 is fixedly connected to the cylinder body 1011 and seals the end of the cylinder body 1011 away from the conical shell 1012, that is, the simulated tube sheet 102 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test cylinder 101 and covers the bottom of the test cylinder 101. Based on this, the bottom of the test cylinder 101 has multiple water inlets 1014, and the multiple water inlets 1014 are adapted to allow a steam-water mixture to flow into the test cylinder 101. Specifically, the multiple water inlets 1014 are distributed circumferentially on the test cylinder 101 above the simulated tube sheet 102. It can be understood that by adjusting the size of the water inlets 1014, the flow rate of the steam-water mixture in the test cylinder 101 can accurately correspond to the flow rate of the steam-water mixture in the steam generator under any operating condition, thereby giving the flow-induced wear test device better simulation performance. For example, the flow rate of the steam-water mixture can be controlled by opening a large inlet 1014 and then partially blocking the inlet 1014. It should be noted that this application does not limit the number of inlets 1014 on the test cylinder 101, and in some embodiments the test cylinder 101 includes only one inlet 1014.

[0032] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the top simulation support plate 103 is located inside the test cylinder 101 and is fixedly connected to the test cylinder 101. Specifically, the top simulation support plate 103 is located at the end of the cylinder body 1011 near the conical shell 1012, that is, near the top of the test cylinder 101. Further refer to... Figure 1 In this embodiment, the top real support plate 21 includes a first real center plate area 213, and the first real center plate area 213 includes a first real hollow area 211 and multiple first real tube holes 212. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the two first real hollow areas 211 and the surrounding first real tube holes 212 have the same shape and layout. Therefore, in this embodiment, any real heat transfer tube corresponding to any first real hollow area 211 and the surrounding multiple first real tube holes 212 is used as the flow-induced wear test object, and the first real center plate area 213 is defined according to the flow-induced wear test object. (Continue referring to...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 Based on this, in this embodiment, the top simulated support plate 103 includes a first simulated center plate area 1031 manufactured proportionally to the first real center plate area 213 without scaling, and the first simulated center plate area 1031 includes a first simulated hollow area 1032 corresponding to the first real hollow area 211 and a plurality of first simulated pipe holes 1033 corresponding to a plurality of first real pipe holes 212. It should be noted that, Figure 5The area of ​​the first simulation center plate region 1031 is roughly indicated by dashed circles, causing some of the first simulated tube holes 1033 to be located outside the dashed circles. In one example, the first simulated tube holes 1033 located on one side of the first simulated hollow area 1032 in the top simulated support plate 103 are arranged in a 3-row, 9-column configuration, that is, 27 real heat transfer tubes close to the first real hollow area 211 are selected to create the corresponding simulated heat transfer tubes 105. It can be understood that the first simulated tube holes 1033 and the first real tube holes 212 have the same aperture and the same arrangement. Through the above settings, on the one hand, the arrangement of multiple heat transfer tubes to be simulated in the steam generator can be completely simulated, thereby improving the simulation effect of the actual flow field and enabling the flow-induced wear test device to have a better simulation effect; on the other hand, the number of flow-induced wear test objects can be reduced, thereby reducing the radial footprint of the flow-induced wear test device 100 and making the entire flow-induced wear test device 100 have a smaller volume.

[0033] In this embodiment, the steam generator also includes multiple top real wedges located within the real cylinder. These top real wedges are fixedly connected to the real cylinder, and a top real support plate is also fixedly connected to the top real wedges. Specifically, the first end of each top real wedge is fixedly connected to the real cylinder, and the second end of the top real wedge, opposite the first end, is snap-fitted to the top real support plate. Continuing with this, refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, multiple simulated top wedges 104 are fabricated based on multiple real top wedges, and are fixedly connected to a simulated top support plate 103. The simulated top wedges 104 are configured to function identically to the real top wedges. Specifically, the simulated top wedges 104 are snap-fitted to the simulated top support plate 103, preventing the simulated top support plate 103 from rotating within the test cylinder 101, and thus preventing the simulated heat transfer tube 105 connected to the simulated top support plate 103 from rotating within the test cylinder 101. This configuration allows the simulated top support plate 103 to accurately simulate the connection relationship of the real top support plate within the real cylinder, thereby better simulating the state of the real top support plate under continuous impact from a steam-water mixture. Based on this, the cylindrical body 1011 has multiple openings corresponding to multiple top simulation wedges, and each top simulation wedge 104 extends into the cylindrical body 1011 through the corresponding opening. This reduces the radial dimension of the cylindrical body 1011 without affecting the snap-fit ​​relationship between the top simulation wedge 104 and the top simulation support plate 103. It also facilitates the installation of the top simulation wedge 104 on the cylindrical body 1011, which has a smaller radial dimension and a compact internal component arrangement. This improves the compactness of the flow-induced wear test device 100 and the ease of installation of the top simulation wedge 104.

[0034] In this embodiment, the actual straight pipe section of the real heat transfer tube has a relatively long length, resulting in a relatively long axial length for the entire steam generator. Therefore, in this embodiment, the entire actual U-shaped pipe section and a portion of the actual straight pipe section near the actual U-shaped pipe section (i.e., the actual straight pipe sub-segment) are used as the actual test section, and a corresponding simulated heat transfer tube 105 is fabricated based on this actual test section. Specifically, refer to... Figures 2-4 Multiple simulated heat transfer tubes 105 are located within the cylindrical body 1011. Each simulated heat transfer tube 105 includes a simulated test section fabricated to the same scale as the actual test section, and this simulated test section includes a simulated U-shaped tube section 1051 corresponding to the actual U-shaped tube section and two simulated straight tube sections 1052 corresponding to two actual straight tube sections. Since the flow-induced wear of the actual heat transfer tube is mainly affected by the flow field around the actual top support plate, the above setup allows for the removal of the simulation of the actual straight tube sections far from the actual top support plate. This further reduces the axial length of the entire flow-induced wear test device 100 while maintaining simulation accuracy, thereby improving the compactness of the flow-induced wear test device 100. In one example, when the actual heat transfer tube is 9.8 meters long and the corresponding simulated heat transfer tube 105 is 4.2 meters long, the flow field in the region of the simulated top support plate 103 in the flow-induced wear test device 100 is essentially the same as the flow field in the region of the actual top support plate. This means that the axial length of the flow-induced wear test device 100 can be shortened while ensuring simulation accuracy. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ends of the simulated straight tube segments 1052 of the multiple simulated heat transfer tubes 105 are respectively fixedly connected to the simulated tube sheet 102. For example, in some embodiments, the simulated tube sheet 102 has multiple simulated tube sheet holes 1021, and the end of each simulated straight tube segment 1052 extends into the corresponding simulated tube sheet hole 1021. The end is then hydraulically sealed, thereby fixing the simulated straight tube segment 1052 to the simulated tube sheet 102, thus preventing relative displacement between the simulated heat transfer tubes 105 and the cylinder body 1011 under non-flow field influences during the simulation experiment.

[0035] As mentioned above, the actual heat transfer tubes have a relatively long length. Therefore, in the steam generator, in addition to the top actual support plate 21 and the actual tube sheet supporting and fixing the actual heat transfer tubes, multiple intermediate actual support plates are also provided for further support and fixing. Specifically, the intermediate actual support plates include second actual center plate areas, and multiple straight tube segments of the actual heat transfer tubes sequentially pass through multiple second actual center plate areas. Correspondingly, refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 6In this embodiment, the intermediate simulated support plate 106 includes a second simulated center plate area manufactured proportionally to the second real center plate area without scaling. Specifically, the second real center plate area includes multiple second real pipe holes and a second real hollow area. Therefore, the second simulated center plate area includes multiple second simulated pipe holes 1061 corresponding to the multiple second real pipe holes and a second simulated hollow area 1062 corresponding to the second real hollow area. In this embodiment, each intermediate simulated support plate 106 corresponds to one intermediate real support plate. The multiple intermediate simulated support plates 106 are fixedly connected to the cylinder body 1011, and the distance between each intermediate simulated support plate 106 and the top simulated support plate 103 is equal to the distance between the corresponding intermediate real support plate and the top real support plate. That is, each intermediate simulated support plate 106 is set according to the position of the corresponding intermediate real support plate. Furthermore, each simulated straight pipe segment 1052 passes sequentially through each intermediate simulated support plate 106, thereby stabilizing the position of each simulated heat transfer pipe 105 within the cylinder body 1011 and making the flow field within the test cylinder 101 more consistent with the flow field within the real cylinder. It should be noted that since the simulated straight pipe segments in the simulated heat transfer pipes only correspond to a portion of the straight pipe segments of the real heat transfer pipes, all intermediate simulated support plates 106 in the flow-induced wear test device 100 only correspond to the portion of the intermediate real support plates in the steam generator that have a fixed relationship with the aforementioned portion of the straight pipe segments. In addition, the steam generator also includes intermediate real wedges for fixing the intermediate real support plates within the real cylinder. Correspondingly, the intermediate simulated wedge 111 in this embodiment has a corresponding relationship with the intermediate real wedge, that is, the intermediate simulated wedge 111 is prepared according to the snap-fit ​​connection relationship between the intermediate real wedge and the intermediate real support plate, and can also snap-fit ​​with the intermediate simulated support plate. It should be noted that the installation method of the intermediate simulation wedge 111 on the test cylinder 101 is the same as that of the top simulation wedge 104 on the test cylinder 101, and will not be repeated here.

[0036] It should also be noted that the steam generator includes multiple real tie rods disposed between adjacent top real support plates, multiple intermediate real support plates, and real tube sheets, thereby ensuring that the top real support plates, multiple intermediate real support plates, and real tube sheets have the same spacing. Accordingly, refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3In this embodiment, the simulated tie rod 107 is manufactured proportionally without scaling up the real tie rod. The simulated tie rod 107 is also correspondingly positioned between the top simulated support plate 103, each intermediate simulated support plate 106, and the simulated tube sheet 102. This prevents relative displacement between the top simulated support plate 103, each intermediate simulated support plate 106, and the simulated tube sheet 102, and also allows the flow field within the test cylinder 101 to more closely approximate the flow field within the real cylinder 101. Furthermore, the real cylinder also has a real test cover, and the real test cover is close to multiple real heat transfer tubes. Referring to this... Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, the test cylinder 101 also includes a simulated test cover 1015 corresponding to the real test cover, and the simulated test cover 1015 is manufactured proportionally to the real test cover without scaling, thereby further restoring the structure of the real cylinder. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the test cylinder 101 is fixedly connected to the external structural components through a positioning plate 112, thereby making the external environment of the test cylinder 101 closer to the external environment of the real cylinder.

[0037] It should be noted that the flow-induced wear testing device 100 in this embodiment can not only accurately simulate the flow field in an existing steam generator through the above-described structure, but also suppress flow-induced wear through optimized settings such as the adjustable cover plate 108, the first anti-vibration strip assembly 109, and the second anti-vibration strip assembly 110. Furthermore, by acquiring and analyzing the flow-induced vibration data of the simulated heat transfer tube 105 under different settings through the data acquisition module and the data analysis module, the flow-induced vibration of the original simulated heat transfer tube 105 without optimized settings can be compared with the suppressed flow-induced vibration of the simulated heat transfer tube 105 under optimized settings, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the corresponding optimized settings. For this purpose, refer to... Figure 7 In this embodiment, the adjustable cover plate 108 includes a plurality of flow channel holes 1081. It should be noted that this application does not limit the number of flow channel holes 1081; in some embodiments, the adjustable cover plate 108 includes only one flow channel hole 1081. Further reference... Figure 4In this embodiment, the adjustable cover plate 108 is adapted to be fixedly connected to the top simulated support plate 103 and cover the first simulated hollow area 1032. The adjustable cover plate 108 is also adapted to change the flow field of the steam-water mixture after it flows through the first simulated hollow area 1032 through multiple flow channel holes 1081. Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple adjustable cover plates 108 can be prepared, each with different distribution patterns and apertures of the flow channel holes 1081. This allows the steam-water mixture passing through the first simulated hollow area 1032 to continue flowing through the flow channel holes 1081 on the adjustable cover plate 108, resulting in different flow fields due to the distribution and aperture of the flow channel holes 1081. Consequently, the simulated U-shaped tube segment of the simulated heat transfer tube 105 experiences different flow-induced vibrations, thus helping to determine effective optimization settings for reducing flow-induced vibrations that can be applied to the steam generator. In this embodiment, the adjustable cover plate 108 is bolted to the top simulated support plate 103, facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the adjustable cover plate 108. In addition, in this embodiment, by opening the simulation detection cover 1015, the adjustable cover plate 108 can be conveniently placed into or removed from the cylinder body 1011.

[0038] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The first vibration damping strip assembly 109 includes a first vibration damping strip fixing ring 1091 and multiple first vibration damping strips 1092. The two ends of each of the multiple first vibration damping strips 1092 are fixedly connected to the first vibration damping strip fixing ring 1091. In this embodiment, the first vibration damping strip fixing ring 1091 is detachably connected to the test cylinder 101. Specifically, in this embodiment, multiple first fixing blocks 113 are provided on the inner wall of the conical shell 1012, and the first vibration damping strip fixing ring 1091 is threadedly connected to the first fixing blocks 113, thereby allowing the first vibration damping strip assembly 109 to be easily inserted and removed from the top of the test cylinder 101. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first vibration damping strips 1092 are located between two adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe sections 1051 and close to the simulated bend of the simulated U-shaped pipe section 1051, i.e., the end of the simulated U-shaped pipe section 1051 away from the top simulated support plate 103, thereby limiting excessive flow-induced vibrations in the adjacent simulated bend due to the flow field influence through the first vibration damping strips 1092.

[0039] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the second vibration damping strip assembly 110 includes a second vibration damping strip fixing ring 1101 and multiple second vibration damping strips 1102. The two ends of each of the multiple second vibration damping strips 1102 are fixedly connected to the second vibration damping strip fixing ring 1101. In this embodiment, the second vibration damping strip fixing ring 1101 is detachably connected to the test cylinder 101. Specifically, in this embodiment, multiple second fixing blocks (not shown in the figure) are provided on the inner wall of the cylinder body 1011. The second vibration damping strip fixing ring 1101 is threadedly connected to the second fixing blocks, thereby allowing the second vibration damping strip assembly 110 to be easily inserted and removed from the top of the test cylinder 101. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second vibration damping strip 1092 is located between two adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe segments 1051 and away from the simulated bend of the simulated U-shaped pipe segment 1051, thereby limiting excessive flow-induced vibration caused by the flow field at the end of the simulated U-shaped pipe segment 1051 away from the simulated bend. It should be noted that in this embodiment, multiple first anti-vibration strip assemblies 109 and second anti-vibration strip assemblies 110 with different shapes can be prepared simultaneously to verify the suppression effect of the first anti-vibration strip 1092 with different shapes and distributions and the second anti-vibration strip 1102 with different shapes and distributions on the flow-induced vibration of the simulated heat transfer tube 105.

[0040] In this embodiment, the data acquisition module includes multiple sensor units disposed within the test cylinder 101 to acquire data related to the flow-induced wear test. Exemplarily, in some embodiments, the sensor units include pressure sensors adapted to acquire pressure distribution data of the steam-water mixture within the test cylinder 101. In some embodiments, the sensor units include temperature sensors adapted to acquire temperature distribution data of the steam-water mixture within the test cylinder 101. In some embodiments, the sensor units include stress sensors disposed on the simulated heat transfer tube 105, adapted to acquire stress distribution data of the simulated heat transfer tube. In some examples, the stress sensors include fiber optic strain gauges. In some embodiments, the sensor units include accelerometers disposed on the simulated heat transfer tube 105, adapted to acquire acceleration data of the simulated heat transfer tube 105. In some examples, the accelerometers include triaxial accelerometers. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the data acquisition module further includes a particle injection unit adapted to inject simulated impurities into the steam-water mixture in the test cylinder 101, thereby simulating the accelerating effect of secondary side impurities in a steam generator on wear.

[0041] In this embodiment, the data analysis module is located outside the test cylinder, and the data analysis module is adapted to calculate the flow-induced wear results of the simulated heat transfer tube 105 based on data collected by multiple sensor units. For this, refer to... Figure 8 and Figure 9In this embodiment, the data acquisition module further includes multiple data transmission lines 120 and multiple transmission line fixing components 130. The simulation detection cover 1015 has multiple first through holes 1016, allowing each data transmission line 120 to connect to the data analysis module and pass through the corresponding first through hole 1016 to connect to the corresponding sensor unit. This enables the data collected by the sensor unit to be sent to the data analysis module in real time and effectively. Furthermore, in this embodiment, each transmission line fixing component 130 corresponds to one data transmission line 120, ensuring that the steam-water mixture inside the test cylinder 101 does not leak from the first through hole 1016 to the outside of the test cylinder 101 after the data transmission line 120 passes through the first through hole 1016. Specifically, further refer to... Figure 10 The transmission line fixing assembly 130 includes a first fixing ring 131, a flexible water-blocking element 132, a second fixing ring 133, and a fixing bolt 134. The fixing bolt 134 has a second through hole 1341 extending axially along the bolt 134. The data transmission line 120 is adapted to pass through the second through hole 1341, and the fixing bolt 134 is adapted to extend into a first through hole 1016. Based on this, in this embodiment, the first fixing ring 131, the flexible water-blocking element 132, and the second fixing ring 133 are sequentially sleeved on the corresponding data transmission line 120 and located in the corresponding first through hole 1016 of the data transmission line 120. The outer surface of the data transmission line 120, the inner surface of the first through hole 1016, and the opposite sides of the first fixing ring 131 and the second fixing ring 133 constitute a receiving space. The flexible water-blocking member 132 is adapted to fill the receiving space after the fixing bolt 134 abuts against the second fixing ring 133, so that the steam-water mixture in the test cylinder 101 cannot overflow to the outside of the test cylinder 101 through the receiving space filled by the flexible water-blocking member 132.

[0042] Continue to refer to Figure 10In one example, the first through-hole 1016 includes a first through-hole section 10161, a second through-hole section 10162, and a third through-hole section 10163 connected sequentially along the radial direction (r) of the test cylinder 101, with the diameters increasing sequentially. The third through-hole section 10163 has an internal thread, and the fixing bolt 134 has an external thread corresponding to the internal thread. Furthermore, a first fixing ring 131, a flexible water-blocking element 132, and a second fixing ring 133 are located in the second through-hole section 10162, and the first fixing ring 131 abuts against the end of the first through-hole section 10161 near the second through-hole section 10162. In this embodiment, the flexible water-blocking element 132 comprises linear flexible graphite, which is wound around the data transmission line 120 and has an extension length in the r direction. Understandably, when the fixing bolt 134 abuts against the second fixing ring 133 and continues to extend into the third through hole section 10163 through the thread, the first fixing ring 131 abuts against the first through hole section 10161, causing the flexible water-blocking element 132 to bear the force applied by the fixing bolt 134, thereby deforming the flexible water-blocking element and filling the entire accommodating space, thus preventing the steam-water mixture from overflowing from the first through hole 1016 where the data transmission line 120 is located to the outside of the test cylinder 101.

[0043] It should be noted that conventional sealing rings are prone to dislodging from their preset position within the first through hole 1016 due to vibrations of the data transmission line 120, leading to sealing failure. Furthermore, selecting matching sealing rings for data transmission lines 120 with different diameters and first through holes 1016 with different diameters as required obviously requires significant time and effort. It should also be noted that in some embodiments, the outer diameter of the end of the data transmission line 120 is relatively large, making it impossible for the sealing ring to be properly fitted onto the data transmission line 120 from its end. In other words, in these embodiments, the sealing ring cannot be applied to the corresponding data transmission line 120, and obviously cannot provide the corresponding sealing and water-blocking function. In contrast, the linear flexible graphite in this embodiment allows the flexible water-blocking element 132 to maintain close contact with the data transmission line 120 and adapt to any dimensional changes in the data transmission line 120, thereby achieving better water-blocking and sealing performance. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first fixing ring 131 and the second fixing ring 133 are each composed of two half-rings, and the first fixing ring 131 and the second fixing ring 133 are configured to abut against the corresponding area of ​​the data transmission line 120 when sleeved on the data transmission line 120. That is, the inner diameter of the first fixing ring 131 and the second fixing ring 133 are matched with the outer diameter of the corresponding area of ​​the data transmission line 120, so that the first fixing ring 131 and the second fixing ring 133 can adapt to any size change of the data transmission line 120 and can play a certain auxiliary sealing and water-blocking effect.

[0044] The structure of the flow-induced abrasion testing device 100 has been briefly described above. The specific process of conducting flow-induced abrasion tests on heat transfer tubes using the flow-induced abrasion testing device 100 will be described below. First, each simulated heat transfer tube 105 is sequentially passed through the corresponding positions of the top simulated support plate 103, each intermediate simulated support plate 106, and the simulated tube sheet 102. Second, the ends of the simulated heat transfer tubes 105 are fixed in the simulated tube sheet 102 using a hydraulic tube expansion process, thereby ensuring sealing and mechanical strength. Subsequently, each simulated tie rod 107 is fixed between adjacent top simulated support plates 103, intermediate simulated support plates 106, and simulated tube sheets 102. Top simulated wedges 104 and intermediate simulated wedges 111 are used to fix the top simulated support plates 103 and intermediate simulated support plates 106 to the test cylinder 101, preventing unnecessary displacement of the simulated heat transfer tubes 105 within the test cylinder 101. Next, corresponding sensor units are set at various detection locations, such as the simulated bend of the simulated U-shaped pipe section 1051 and the simulated straight pipe section near the top support plate 103. A steam-water mixture is injected into the test cylinder 101 through the hot loop module, and the data analysis module confirms whether accurate simulation of the real heat transfer pipe under corresponding operating conditions has been achieved. Finally, by setting different adjustable cover plates 108, the first anti-vibration strip assembly 109, and the second anti-vibration strip assembly 110, and confirming the optimal settings for reducing flow-induced vibration of the simulated heat transfer pipe 105 based on the data analysis module, an optimized flow-induced wear setting scheme based on the flow-induced wear test device 100 is obtained.

[0045] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above disclosure is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0046] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0047] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the present application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.

[0048] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of scope in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0049] Although this application has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application, and various equivalent changes or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, any changes or modifications to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of this application will fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator, characterized in that, A flow-induced abrasion test apparatus is applicable to actual heat transfer tubes in a steam generator. The steam generator includes a top actual support plate and multiple actual heat transfer tubes. Each actual heat transfer tube includes an actual test section. The top actual support plate includes a first actual center plate area, which includes a first actual hollow area. The actual test section of the multiple actual heat transfer tubes passes through the first actual center plate area. The flow-induced abrasion test apparatus includes: A test cylinder having at least one water inlet at its bottom, the at least one water inlet being adapted to allow a steam-water mixture to flow into the test cylinder; The top simulation support plate includes a first simulation center plate area made in proportion to the first real center plate area. The first simulation center plate area includes a first simulation hollow area corresponding to the first real hollow area. The top simulation support plate is located inside the test cylinder and is fixedly connected to the test cylinder. Multiple simulated heat transfer tubes are located inside the test cylinder. Each simulated heat transfer tube includes a simulated test section made to the same scale as the actual test section. The simulated test section passes through the top simulated support plate. An adjustable cover plate, including at least one flow channel hole, is adapted to be fixedly connected to the top simulated support plate and cover the first simulated hollow area. The adjustable cover plate is adapted to change the flow field of the soda-water mixture after it flows through the first simulated hollow area through the at least one flow channel hole. The data acquisition module includes multiple sensor units, which are disposed inside the test cylinder.

2. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steam generator includes a real test cover located near the multiple real heat transfer tubes. The test cylinder includes a simulated test cover manufactured to scale without modification, based on the real test cover. The simulated test cover has multiple first through holes. The flow-induced abrasion testing device also includes a data analysis module located outside the test cylinder. The data acquisition module further includes multiple data transmission lines. Each of the data transmission lines is connected to the data analysis module and passes through the corresponding first through hole to connect to the corresponding sensor unit. The data analysis module is adapted to calculate the flow-induced wear results of the simulated heat transfer tube based on the data collected by the multiple sensor units.

3. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition module also includes: Multiple transmission line fixing assemblies are provided, each comprising a first fixing ring, a flexible water-blocking component, a second fixing ring, and a fixing bolt. Each transmission line fixing component corresponds to one data transmission line. The first fixing ring, the flexible water-blocking component, and the second fixing ring are sequentially sleeved on the corresponding data transmission line and located in the first through hole corresponding to the data transmission line. The fixing bolt has a second through hole extending along the axial direction of the fixing bolt. The data transmission line is adapted to pass through the second through hole, and the fixing bolt is adapted to extend into the first through hole. The outer surface of the data transmission line, the inner surface of the first through hole, and the opposing sides of the first and second fixing rings constitute a receiving space. The flexible water-blocking component is adapted to fill the receiving space after the fixing bolt abuts against the second fixing ring.

4. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first through hole includes a first through hole section, a second through hole section, and a third through hole section that are connected sequentially along the radial direction of the test cylinder and whose diameters increase sequentially. The third through hole section has an internal thread, and the fixing bolt has an external thread corresponding to the internal thread; The first fixing ring, the flexible water-blocking component, and the second fixing ring are located in the second through-hole section, and the first fixing ring abuts against the end of the first through-hole section near the second through-hole section.

5. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actual test section includes a real U-shaped pipe section located above the top real support plate and two real straight pipe sections connected to both ends of the real U-shaped pipe section. The simulated test section includes a simulated U-shaped pipe section corresponding to the real U-shaped pipe section and two simulated straight pipe sections corresponding to the two real straight pipe sections. The flow-induced wear testing device further includes: A simulated tube sheet is fixedly connected to and covers the bottom of the test cylinder. The ends of the simulated straight tube segments of the multiple simulated heat transfer tubes are respectively fixedly connected to the simulated tube sheet. The at least one water inlet is formed radially on the test cylinder above the simulated tube sheet.

6. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The simulated U-shaped pipe section includes a simulated bend away from the top real support plate, and the flow-induced abrasion testing device further includes: The first vibration damping strip assembly includes a first vibration damping strip fixing ring and multiple first vibration damping strips fixedly connected to the first vibration damping strip fixing ring. The first vibration damping strip fixing ring is detachably connected to the test cylinder. The first vibration damping strips are located between adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe segments and close to the simulated bend.

7. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The flow-induced wear testing apparatus also includes: The second vibration damping strip assembly includes a second vibration damping strip fixing ring and multiple second vibration damping strips fixedly connected to the second vibration damping strip fixing ring. The second vibration damping strip fixing ring is detachably connected to the test cylinder. The second vibration damping strips are located between adjacent simulated U-shaped pipe sections and away from the simulated bend.

8. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The steam generator further includes multiple intermediate real support plates, each intermediate real support plate including a second real center plate region. The real straight tube segments of the multiple real heat transfer tubes sequentially pass through the multiple second real center plate regions. The flow-induced wear testing device further includes: Multiple intermediate simulated support plates are provided, each comprising a second simulated center plate area manufactured proportionally to the second real center plate area without scaling. Each intermediate simulated support plate corresponds to one intermediate real support plate. The multiple intermediate simulated support plates are fixedly connected to the test cylinder. The distance between each intermediate simulated support plate and the top simulated support plate is equal to the distance between the corresponding intermediate real support plate and the top real support plate. Each of the simulated straight pipe segments passes sequentially through each of the second simulated center plate areas.

9. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steam generator also includes a real cylinder and multiple real top wedges. The real top support plate, the multiple real top wedges, and the multiple real heat transfer tubes are located inside the real cylinder. The multiple real top wedges are fixedly connected to the real cylinder, and the real top support plate is fixedly connected to the multiple real top wedges. The flow-induced wear testing device also includes multiple simulated top wedges, and the test cylinder has multiple openings corresponding to the multiple simulated top wedges. The plurality of simulated top wedges are made based on the plurality of real top wedges. Each simulated top wedge extends into the test cylinder through a corresponding opening and is fixedly connected to the simulated top support plate.

10. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor unit includes: A pressure sensor, adapted to acquire pressure distribution data of the flow field within the test cylinder of the steam-water mixture; and / or Temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being adapted to acquire flow field temperature distribution data of the steam-water mixture within the test cylinder; and / or A stress sensor is mounted on the simulated heat transfer tube, the stress sensor being adapted to acquire stress distribution data of the simulated heat transfer tube; and / or An accelerometer is mounted on the simulated heat transfer tube, and the accelerometer is adapted to collect acceleration data of the simulated heat transfer tube.

11. The test apparatus for flow-induced wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow-induced wear testing apparatus also includes: A hot loop module is connected to the test cylinder, and the hot loop module is adapted to generate the steam-water mixture at a preset temperature, preset pressure and preset flow rate.

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