Test methods and systems for aerosol deposition in containment structures of nuclear power plants

Abstract

This application relates to a method and system for testing aerosol deposition in the containment of a nuclear power plant. It includes: determining the target boundary conditions and the inertial impaction deposition rate under non-condensation conditions for aerosol deposition testing in the containment of a nuclear power plant; obtaining a second target boundary condition based on the target boundary conditions; conducting a steam-aerosol impingement jet test based on the second target boundary conditions to obtain the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of steam inertial impaction and droplet precipitation; obtaining the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to droplet precipitation based on the inertial impaction deposition rate under non-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of steam inertial impaction and droplet precipitation; obtaining a third target condition based on the second target boundary conditions; and conducting a steam-aerosol impingement jet test based on the third target boundary conditions to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation. This method can comprehensively and realistically reflect the aerosol retention mechanism and particle size evolution law.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of nuclear energy technology, and in particular to a method and system for testing aerosol deposition in the containment of a nuclear power plant. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant, fission products are released primarily in the form of aerosols into the containment compartment. Due to the complex structure of the containment compartment, the fission products, during their release with the high-temperature coolant, easily interact with the inner walls of the compartment and the surfaces of equipment, thus inducing an aerosol retention effect. This process involves multiple complex physical phenomena: it includes the two-phase flow characteristics of superheated steam release, as well as the direct contact condensation process of steam on the surface of the compartment structure; for aerosol particles, driven by gas momentum, they undergo deposition behaviors coupled with multiple mechanisms such as inertial collisions, turbulent deposition, thermophoresis, and diffusion migration with the compartment structural components; and in terms of particle size evolution, after the aerosols are released from the high-temperature reactor core, the condensation and evaporation of steam, as well as the collisions and agglomeration between aerosol particles, all lead to an increasing trend in aerosol particle size. It is worth noting that, for harsh working conditions with high temperature and high water vapor content, if the gas sample is directly collected in a normal temperature and pressure environment for measurement, the water vapor will easily condense into small droplets, which will seriously interfere with the accuracy of the aerosol concentration measurement results.

[0003] Current research typically employs the "separation effect experiment" method, which focuses on isolated studies of single deposition phenomena (such as inertial collisions and thermophoresis), making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately reflect the retention mechanism and particle size evolution of aerosols under actual complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a test method and system for aerosol deposition in the containment of nuclear power plants that can comprehensively and realistically reflect the retention mechanism and particle size evolution law of aerosols under actual complex working conditions, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for testing aerosol deposition in the containment of a nuclear power plant, and an aerosol deposition testing system applied to the containment of a nuclear power plant, comprising:

[0006] The target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition tests in the containment of a nuclear power plant were determined; based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test was conducted, and combined with the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions was obtained.

[0007] The temperature and humidity of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to target values, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to exceed the first preset temperature to obtain the second target boundary conditions; based on the second target boundary conditions, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate caused by the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation.

[0008] Based on the inertial collision deposition rate under non-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the droplet precipitation phenomenon is obtained.

[0009] The temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary condition is adjusted to exceed the second preset temperature, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to be lower than the third preset temperature to obtain the third target boundary condition; based on the third target boundary condition, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the wall condensation.

[0010] In one embodiment, before determining the target boundary conditions for an aerosol deposition test of the containment in a nuclear power plant, the method further includes:

[0011] Based on the characteristic parameters and dimensionless parameters of the actual accident conditions of the nuclear power plant containment, the boundary conditions for the unobstructed aerosol deposition test are determined; based on the boundary conditions, the unobstructed aerosol deposition test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under unobstructed conditions.

[0012] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0013] The temperature of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle in the boundary conditions were adjusted to be consistent to obtain the first boundary condition; based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet test was carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial collision.

[0014] In one embodiment, the process of obtaining the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact includes:

[0015] The temperature of the obstacle and the temperature of the test tank environment in the first boundary condition are adjusted to form a preset gradient, and the second boundary condition is obtained. Based on the second boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis.

[0016] In one embodiment, target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition tests on the containment of a nuclear power plant are determined; based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted to obtain the inertial impaction deposition rate under non-condensation conditions, including:

[0017] The carrier gas in the first boundary condition is adjusted to steam, and the temperatures of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle are controlled to be consistent and exceed the preset temperature to obtain the target boundary condition. Based on the target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol take-off rate under the action of steam inertial collision. Based on the aerosol deposition rate under inertial collision and the aerosol take-off rate under the action of steam inertial collision, the inertial collision deposition rate under the condition of no condensation is determined.

[0018] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0019] The obstacle temperature and the temperature of the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to form a preset gradient, resulting in the fourth boundary condition. Based on the fourth boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol capture rate of thermophoresis under steam environment. Based on the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis and the aerosol capture rate of thermophoresis under steam environment, the thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined.

[0020] In one embodiment, after obtaining the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation, the method further includes:

[0021] Based on the fourth boundary condition and the second target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted under the combined effect to obtain the total deposition rate under the simultaneous action of four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

[0022] Secondly, this application also provides an aerosol deposition test system for the containment of a nuclear power plant, including a gas supply and flow control device and a steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device connected in series.

[0023] The gas supply and flow control device is used to supply two types of carrier gases, air and steam, and to create an environment for aerosol deposition experiments in the test tank of the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device by regulating the temperature, pressure and flow parameters of the carrier gases.

[0024] The steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device receives carrier gas from a gas supply and flow control device, generates aerosols with preset particle size and concentration, and uniformly mixes the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol-water vapor mixture. The aerosol-water vapor mixture is output to the test tank through an air / steam nozzle to form an impingement jet. In the environment constructed by the gas supply and flow control device, aerosol deposition tests are carried out under different boundary conditions to determine the aerosol deposition rate under four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

[0025] In one embodiment, the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test apparatus includes a test tank, a movable track, an air / steam nozzle, and a compartment obstacle simulator;

[0026] The test chamber provides a sealed test space for aerosol deposition experiments, and the temperature and humidity inside the chamber are controlled by a temperature and humidity control module to trigger droplet precipitation and wall condensation deposition mechanisms. The movable track is used to adjust the relative position of the air / steam nozzle and the compartment obstacle simulator based on dimensionless parameters. The air / steam nozzle is used to spray the aerosol water vapor mixture into the test chamber at a preset flow rate to form an impact jet. The compartment obstacle simulator creates a temperature gradient or triggers wall condensation by adjusting the surface temperature.

[0027] In one embodiment, the gas supply and flow control device includes a boiler, an air compressor, an aerosol generator, and a flow control module;

[0028] The boiler is used to provide the steam carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and works with the flow control module to adjust the output pressure and temperature of the steam; the air compressor is used to provide the air carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and works with the flow control module to adjust the output pressure of the air; the aerosol generator is used to provide aerosols with preset particle size and concentration, and to uniformly mix the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol water vapor mixture that meets the test requirements.

[0029] The aforementioned method and system for aerosol deposition testing of the containment in a nuclear power plant determines the target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition testing of the containment in a nuclear power plant; based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted, and combined with the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is obtained; the temperature and humidity of the vented gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to target values, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to exceed a first preset temperature to obtain a second target boundary condition; based on the second target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted. A flow experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of vapor inertial impaction and droplet precipitation. Based on the inertial impaction deposition rate under non-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of vapor inertial impaction and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to droplet precipitation was obtained. The temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary condition was adjusted to exceed a second preset temperature, and the obstacle temperature was controlled to be lower than a third preset temperature to obtain the third target boundary condition. Based on the third target boundary condition, a vapor-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation. This application separates the aerosol deposition rates caused by droplet precipitation and wall condensation through data comparison, which can comprehensively and realistically reflect the retention mechanism and particle size evolution law of aerosols under actual complex working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an aerosol deposition test method for a nuclear power plant containment in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of an aerosol deposition test system for the containment of a nuclear power plant in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application can be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from the second element. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in this application, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The term "multiple" used in this application refers to two or more. The term "and / or" used in this application refers to one of the embodiments, or any combination of multiple embodiments.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for testing aerosol deposition in the containment of a nuclear power plant is provided, applicable to an aerosol deposition testing system for the containment of a nuclear power plant. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 102: Determine the target boundary conditions for the aerosol deposition test of the containment in the nuclear power plant; conduct a steam-aerosol impingement jet test based on the target boundary conditions, and obtain the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions by combining the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact.

[0037] Among them, the steam-aerosol impact jet test uses high-temperature and high-humidity steam (or air-steam mixture) as carrier gas to carry aerosol particles that simulate fission products to form a directional jet that impacts obstacles in a simulated containment structure. By controlling the temperature and humidity of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacles, "droplet precipitation" or "wall condensation" scenarios are artificially constructed. In addition to inertial collision, aerosol particles are further subjected to droplet capture (droplet precipitation scenario) or wall liquid film adsorption (wall condensation scenario). Finally, the overall deposition rate is obtained through concentration measurement.

[0038] Optionally, in addition to air-aerosol impingement jet tests, aerosol deposition tests also include air-aerosol impingement jet tests and unshielded aerosol tests. Target boundary conditions refer to the boundary conditions set as target values. These boundary conditions include: environmental parameters (test tank / simulated containment conditions), jet parameters (jet characteristics of the released gas / aerosol), test medium parameters (aerosol and carrier gas characteristics), and obstacle parameters (simulated containment equipment / structural components). The target boundary conditions here can be: Environmental parameters: the test tank is set to normal temperature (e.g., 25-35℃), low humidity (relative humidity ≤30%, close to dry conditions), and normal pressure (e.g., 1 atm), excluding thermodynamic conditions that would cause condensation. Jet parameters: the carrier gas is dry air, the jet velocity and flow rate match the normal operating conditions of coolant release within the containment (e.g., jet velocity 5-20 m / s), and the jet direction simulates the actual release angle (e.g., vertical or inclined towards the obstacle) to ensure that aerosol particles have the momentum required for inertial collisions. Test medium parameters: Aerosol particle size distribution is 0.1-10μm (matching the actual range of fission product aerosols), initial concentration is stable, and particle material is selected to simulate the carrier of radioactive nuclides (such as zirconium dioxide, alumina); the carrier gas is dry air with no vapor components. Obstacle parameters: The material is consistent with the equipment / walls inside the containment (such as stainless steel, concrete), the geometry and arrangement simulate the actual structure, and the obstacle temperature is maintained at room temperature (consistent with the ambient temperature of the test tank) to avoid condensation caused by temperature differences.

[0039] The unshrouded aerosol test is used to eliminate obstruction interference and focuses on investigating the diffusion and sedimentation patterns of aerosols in the open space of the containment, providing blank control data for subsequent analysis of the impact of obstructions on deposition. The air-aerosol impact jet test uses dry air as the carrier gas to form a directional jet of aerosol particles simulating fission products at a set velocity and flow rate, impacting obstacles simulating equipment / structural components within the containment. Utilizing the momentum of the aerosol particles, they undergo inertial collisions with the obstacle surface and are deposited. By measuring the change in aerosol concentration before and after the test, the pure inertial impact deposition rate is calculated.

[0040] Step 104: Adjust the temperature and humidity of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions to the target values, and control the temperature of the obstacle to exceed the first preset temperature to obtain the second target boundary conditions; based on the second target boundary conditions, conduct a steam-aerosol impact jet test to obtain the aerosol deposition rate caused by the combined effect of steam inertial collision and droplet precipitation.

[0041] The second target boundary condition is obtained by modifying the temperature of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacles in the target boundary condition, based on the target boundary condition.

[0042] Step 106: Based on the inertial collision deposition rate under non-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the droplet precipitation phenomenon is obtained.

[0043] Optionally, the deposition rate corresponding to the droplet precipitation phenomenon can be obtained by subtracting the inertial collision deposition rate under non-condensation conditions from the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation. The first preset temperature is 3-5℃ higher than the ambient temperature of the test tank (the specific value needs to be determined based on the actual humidity of the test tank; for example, when the ambient dew point is 25℃, the first preset temperature can be set to 28-30℃).

[0044] Step 108: Adjust the temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary condition to exceed the second preset temperature, and control the temperature of the obstacle to be lower than the third preset temperature to obtain the third target boundary condition; based on the third target boundary condition, conduct a vapor-aerosol impact jet test to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the wall condensation.

[0045] Optionally, the second preset temperature can be 150-300℃.

[0046] The aforementioned method for aerosol deposition testing of the containment in a nuclear power plant determines the target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition testing of the containment in a nuclear power plant; based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted, and combined with the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is obtained; the temperature and humidity of the vented gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to target values, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to exceed a first preset temperature to obtain a second target boundary condition; based on the second target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted. The aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of steam inertial collisions and droplet precipitation was obtained through experiments. Based on the inertial collision deposition rate under non-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effects of steam inertial collisions and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to droplet precipitation was obtained. The temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary condition was adjusted to exceed a second preset temperature, and the obstacle temperature was controlled to be lower than a third preset temperature to obtain a third target boundary condition. Based on the third target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation. This application separates the aerosol deposition rates caused by droplet precipitation and wall condensation through data comparison, which can comprehensively and realistically reflect the retention mechanism and particle size evolution law of aerosols under actual complex working conditions.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, before determining the target boundary conditions for an aerosol deposition test of the containment in a nuclear power plant, the method further includes:

[0048] Based on the characteristic parameters and dimensionless parameters of the actual accident conditions of the nuclear power plant containment, the boundary conditions for the unobstructed aerosol deposition test are determined; based on the boundary conditions, the unobstructed aerosol deposition test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under unobstructed conditions.

[0049] Among them, the characteristic parameters of the actual accident conditions of the nuclear power plant containment include temperature, humidity, pressure, aerosol particle size distribution and initial concentration, steam release velocity and flow rate, etc., inside the containment under accident conditions; the dimensionless parameters are selected from key parameters related to aerosol deposition, such as Reynolds number (characterizing jet flow state), Prandtl number (characterizing heat transfer characteristics), Schmidt number (characterizing mass diffusion characteristics), inertial parameters (characterizing aerosol particle inertia), etc.

[0050] For example, the characteristic parameters of the actual accident conditions are combined with dimensionless parameters, and the parameters are scaled and matched according to the geometric proportions and capacity range of the test device to determine the boundary conditions of the unobstructed aerosol deposition test (such as normal / high temperature, low / high humidity, normal pressure / simulated overpressure in the test tank, aerosol particle size and concentration are replicated proportionally, and the jet velocity is matched to the actual conditions through Reynolds number). Based on the boundary conditions, the unobstructed aerosol deposition test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under unobstructed conditions.

[0051] In this embodiment, by excluding the influence of obstacles such as equipment and structural components inside the containment, only the deposition rate of aerosols in an open space, dominated by mechanisms such as diffusion and gravity settling, is obtained. This can provide a blank control for the deposition rate data of subsequent obstacle scenarios (such as air-aerosol and vapor-aerosol impact jet tests), making it easier to accurately separate the independent deposition contributions of mechanisms such as inertial collision and wall condensation caused by obstacles.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the process of obtaining the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact includes:

[0053] The temperature of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle in the boundary conditions were adjusted to be consistent to obtain the first boundary condition; based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet test was carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial collision.

[0054] For example, the key setting of the first boundary condition is to uniformly control the temperature of the ejected gas, the ambient temperature inside the test tank, and the surface temperature of the obstacle to the same constant value (such as the normal temperature range of 25-35℃, or a specific temperature matching the actual working conditions), while maintaining low ambient humidity and dry air as the carrier gas to ensure that no temperature gradient is generated during the test; based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial collision.

[0055] In this embodiment, the air-aerosol impact jet test is carried out based on the first boundary condition, which enables the deposition of aerosol particles to be dominated only by inertial collisions, completely avoiding additional effects such as thermophoretic deposition and airflow disturbances that may be induced by temperature differences.

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0057] The temperature of the obstacle and the temperature of the test tank environment in the first boundary condition are adjusted to form a preset gradient, and the second boundary condition is obtained. Based on the second boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis.

[0058] Optionally, the preset gradient refers to setting a fixed difference between the obstacle temperature and the ambient temperature of the test tank based on the temperature difference range between the equipment / walls inside the containment and the environment in actual accident conditions (such as the obstacle temperature being 10-30°C higher or lower than the ambient temperature, covering the positive and negative effects of thermophoresis).

[0059] For example, under the first boundary condition, the temperature of the ejected gas is kept consistent with the ambient temperature of the test tank, the ambient humidity is low, and the carrier gas is dry air with no condensation. The second boundary condition is obtained by only adjusting the temperature of the obstacle to construct a clear temperature gradient. Based on the second boundary condition, an air-aerosol impingement jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis.

[0060] In this embodiment, by conducting an air-aerosol impact jet test under the second boundary condition, the deposition rate can be obtained as a comprehensive deposition rate of "inertial collision + thermophoresis", and the deposition rate under thermophoresis can be obtained by subsequent separation.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition tests on the containment of a nuclear power plant are determined; based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted to obtain the inertial impaction deposition rate under non-condensation conditions, including:

[0062] The carrier gas in the first boundary condition is adjusted to steam, and the temperatures of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle are controlled to be consistent and exceed the preset temperature to obtain the target boundary condition. Based on the target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol take-off rate under the action of steam inertial collision. Based on the aerosol deposition rate under inertial collision and the aerosol take-off rate under the action of steam inertial collision, the inertial collision deposition rate under the condition of no condensation is determined.

[0063] Optionally, the preset temperature can be 100-200 degrees Celsius.

[0064] For example, the carrier gas in the first boundary condition is adjusted to steam, and the temperatures of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle are controlled to be consistent and exceed 200 degrees Celsius to obtain the target boundary condition. Based on the target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under steam inertial impact. The aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact is numerically compared with that under steam inertial impact: if the difference between the two is within the allowable range of experimental error (usually ±5%), it indicates that the carrier gas type has a minimal impact on inertial impact deposition, and the arithmetic mean of the two can be directly taken as the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions. If the difference exceeds the error range, it is necessary to correct it by combining the physical properties of the carrier gas (such as the density and viscosity differences between steam and air), and obtain a unified inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions after correction by a correction formula based on inertial parameters.

[0065] In this embodiment, by replacing the carrier gas in the first boundary condition with steam, and strictly controlling the temperature of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle to be consistent and exceed a preset high temperature (such as 200 degrees Celsius), a pure steam carrier gas test scenario without condensation and without temperature gradient is constructed. Then, by integrating the two sets of pure inertial collision deposition rate data under air carrier gas and steam carrier gas through the logic of numerical comparison + error judgment + on-demand correction, the interference caused by the difference in carrier gas type (air / steam) can be eliminated, and a more accurate and universal inertial collision deposition rate benchmark value under non-condensation conditions can be obtained.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0067] The obstacle temperature and the temperature of the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to form a preset gradient, resulting in the fourth boundary condition. Based on the fourth boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol capture rate of thermophoresis under steam environment. Based on the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis and the aerosol capture rate of thermophoresis under steam environment, the thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined.

[0068] For example, the core setting of the fourth boundary condition is: maintaining the carrier gas as steam, ensuring the temperature of the ejected gas is consistent with the ambient temperature of the test tank, and maintaining a non-condensing high-temperature state (e.g., 200°C). A clear temperature gradient is constructed only by adjusting the temperature of the obstacles, while eliminating interference from condensation and droplet precipitation, ensuring that the only additional variable in the experiment is the thermophoretic effect under steam conditions. Based on this boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted, and the obtained deposition rate was the aerosol deposition rate under steam conditions. Combined with the thermophoretic aerosol deposition rate obtained under the previous air carrier gas scenario (second boundary condition), the pure thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensing conditions can be accurately extracted through difference correction between the two sets of data (offsetting the contribution of inertial collisions and retaining only the difference in thermophoretic effects).

[0069] In this embodiment, by constructing a preset temperature gradient between obstacles and the test tank environment in a non-condensing high-temperature scenario with steam carrier gas, a unique test condition containing only "steam environment + thermophoretic effect" is formed. Combined with the thermophoretic deposition rate data already obtained in the air carrier gas scenario, and by removing interference such as inertial collisions through differential correction, the thermophoretic deposition contribution in the steam environment can be accurately quantified, thereby determining the pure thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensing conditions.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, after obtaining the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation, the method further includes:

[0071] Based on the fourth boundary condition and the second target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted under the combined effect to obtain the total deposition rate under the simultaneous action of four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

[0072] For example, the boundary conditions for the comprehensive effect test are set as follows: the carrier gas is high-temperature and high-humidity steam (matching the second target boundary condition to meet the droplet precipitation requirement); the temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment exceeds the second preset temperature (enhancing the condensation thermodynamic conditions); the obstacle temperature is lower than the third preset temperature (ensuring wall condensation to form a liquid film); and simultaneously, a preset temperature gradient is formed between the obstacle and the test tank environment (matching the fourth boundary condition to trigger the thermophoresis effect). Based on these comprehensive boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted. The deposition of aerosol particles is simultaneously affected by four mechanisms: inertial collision (driven by jet momentum), thermophoresis (induced by temperature gradient), droplet precipitation (steam condensation and capture), and wall condensation (liquid film adsorption). The obtained data is the total deposition rate.

[0073] In this embodiment, by integrating core parameters such as the temperature gradient required for thermophoresis, the high-temperature and high-humidity steam required for droplet precipitation, and the thermal difference required for wall condensation, a realistic working scenario is constructed where four deposition mechanisms—inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation—act simultaneously. The total deposition rate is then obtained through a steam-aerosol impact jet experiment. This overcomes the limitations of previous single-mechanism or partial-mechanism experiments, fully reproducing the complex reality of aerosol deposition within the containment under severe accidents. Furthermore, by comparing the total deposition rate with the sum of the deposition rates of each individual mechanism, a closed loop of "sub-mechanism quantification-comprehensive verification" is formed. This not only verifies the accuracy of the data for each sub-mechanism but also provides the most direct and reliable experimental evidence for a comprehensive assessment of the containment's aerosol retention capacity and the formulation of relevant safety standards.

[0074] In one exemplary embodiment, a method for testing aerosol deposition in the containment of a nuclear power plant includes:

[0075] Based on the characteristic parameters and dimensionless parameters of actual accident conditions in a nuclear power plant containment, the boundary conditions for the unobstructed aerosol deposition test are determined. Based on these boundary conditions, an unobstructed aerosol deposition test is conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under unobstructed conditions. The temperatures of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstruction are adjusted to be consistent to obtain the first boundary condition. Based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact. The temperature of the obstruction and the temperature of the test tank environment in the first boundary condition are adjusted to form a preset gradient to obtain the second boundary condition. Based on the second boundary condition, an air-aerosol impingement jet test is conducted to obtain the thermophoretic aerosol deposition rate. The carrier gas in the first boundary condition is adjusted to steam, and the temperatures of the ejected gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle are controlled to be consistent and exceed a preset temperature to obtain the target boundary condition. Based on the target boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol take-off rate under steam inertial impact. Based on the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact and the aerosol take-off rate under steam inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined. The obstacle temperature and the test tank environment temperature in the target boundary condition are adjusted to form a preset gradient to obtain the fourth boundary condition. Based on the fourth boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol take-off rate of thermophoresis under steam conditions. Based on the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis and the aerosol take-off rate of thermophoresis under steam conditions, the thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined. The temperature and humidity of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to target values, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to exceed the first preset temperature to obtain the second target boundary conditions. Based on the second target boundary conditions, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation. Based on the inertial collision deposition rate under no-condensation conditions and the aerosol deposition rate under the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the droplet precipitation phenomenon is obtained. The temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary conditions is adjusted to exceed the second preset temperature, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to be lower than the third preset temperature to obtain the third target boundary conditions. Based on the third target boundary conditions, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation. Based on the fourth boundary conditions and the second target boundary conditions, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test under the comprehensive effect is conducted to obtain the total deposition rate under the simultaneous action of four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

[0076] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, an aerosol deposition test system for the containment of a nuclear power plant includes a gas supply and flow control device 200 and a steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device 300 connected in series.

[0077] The gas supply and flow control device is used to supply two types of carrier gases, air and steam, and to create an environment for aerosol deposition experiments in the test tank of the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device by regulating the temperature, pressure and flow parameters of the carrier gases.

[0078] The gas supply and flow control device 200 includes: a boiler 201, an air compressor 202, an aerosol generator 203, an aerosol sampling and measurement device 204, a flow control valve 205, a pressure measuring device 206, a temperature measuring device 207, a flow measuring device 208, and a test tank status adjustment pipeline 209.

[0079] The steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device receives carrier gas from a gas supply and flow control device, generates aerosols with preset particle size and concentration, and uniformly mixes the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol-water vapor mixture. The aerosol-water vapor mixture is output to the test tank through an air / steam nozzle to form an impingement jet. In the environment constructed by the gas supply and flow control device, aerosol deposition tests are carried out under different boundary conditions to determine the aerosol deposition rate under four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

[0080] The steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device 300 includes: a heating pipe 301 for a compartment obstacle simulator, a cooling pipe 302 for a compartment obstacle simulator, a test tank 303, a first pressure relief pipe 304, a second pressure relief pipe 305, an air / steam nozzle 306, a compartment obstacle simulator 307, a movable track 308, a condensate and deposited aerosol collection and measurement device 309, a droplet diameter measurement system 310, and a condensate collection tray 311.

[0081] The aforementioned aerosol deposition test system for the containment of the nuclear power plant includes a gas supply and flow control device and a steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device connected in series. The gas supply and flow control device provides two types of carrier gases, air and steam, and constructs the environment for aerosol deposition tests in the test tank of the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device by regulating the temperature, pressure, and flow parameters of the carrier gases. The steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device receives the carrier gas from the gas supply and flow control device, generates aerosols with a preset particle size and concentration, and uniformly mixes the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol-water vapor mixture. The aerosol-water vapor mixture is output to the test tank through an air / steam nozzle to form an impingement jet. In the environment constructed by the gas supply and flow control device, aerosol deposition tests are conducted under different boundary conditions to determine the aerosol deposition rate under four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation. This application separates the aerosol deposition rates caused by droplet precipitation and wall condensation through data comparison, which can comprehensively and realistically reflect the retention mechanism and particle size evolution law of aerosols under actual complex working conditions.

[0082] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device includes a test tank, a movable track, an air / steam nozzle, and a partition obstacle simulator. The test tank provides a sealed test space for aerosol deposition experiments, and the temperature and humidity inside the tank are controlled by a temperature and humidity control module to trigger droplet precipitation and wall condensation deposition mechanisms. The movable track is used to adjust the relative position of the air / steam nozzle and the partition obstacle simulator based on dimensionless parameters. The air / steam nozzle is used to spray the aerosol water vapor mixture into the test tank at a preset flow rate to form an impingement jet. The partition obstacle simulator creates a temperature gradient or triggers wall condensation by adjusting the surface temperature.

[0083] For example, boiler 201 provides steam with specified parameters for the test conditions, used to control the test tank 303 and the compartment obstacle simulator 307 within a specified thermal parameter range, and to supply steam into the test tank 303; air compressor 202 provides air flow at a specified flow rate; aerosol generator 203 provides aerosols with a specified particle size and flow rate; pressure, temperature, aerosol sampling measurement 204, and flow measurement 208 are sequentially arranged between aerosol generator 203 and the test tank 303. Simultaneously, boiler 201 can also provide steam for heating the gas inside the test tank 303 and for heating the compartment obstacle simulator 307. Cooling pipe 302 for the compartment obstacle simulator 307 is used to cool the compartment obstacle simulator 307. The cooling pipe 302 and the heating pipe 301 of the compartment obstacle simulator 307 work together to control the temperature of the compartment obstacle simulator 307.

[0084] The aerosol generator 203 in this system is equipped with two types of aerosol delivery devices: hygroscopic and non-hygroscopic. Their specific structures and working principles are as follows: Hygroscopic type: During use, dry solid powder is loaded into a cylindrical ash storage cylinder and compacted. A piston pushes the powder upwards at a constant speed to a rotating brush. The high-speed rotating brush disperses the powder sample into the gas phase space of the chamber. Simultaneously, dry compressed air is delivered to this chamber, thoroughly mixing with the dispersed powder sample before being ejected at high speed from the outlet nozzle. The high-speed airflow provides the necessary turbulence and shear force for thorough powder dispersion, ultimately dispersing agglomerated particles. This generator is suitable for aerosol delivery under downstream pressures up to 3 bar, with an aerosol delivery mass flow rate range of 1-560 g / h (assuming a particle density of 1 g / cm³), and a number concentration up to 10. 7aerosol concentration can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the ash storage cylinder or regulating the piston advance speed; a single loading can meet the aerosol supply needs for several hours, the specific duration depending on the piston advance speed and the ash storage height in the ash storage cylinder. Non-hygroscopic type: The workflow of the aerosol delivery circuit is as follows: compressed air generated by the air compressor is filtered by a refrigerated dryer and stored in an air tank to ensure a constant air source pressure; subsequently, the gas passes through a three-stage filter and a molecular sieve drying tube to ensure that the humidity and cleanliness requirements of the experiment are met. Qualified compressed air, after flow metering, is injected into the aerosol generator 203, allowing the aerosol powder to be smoothly delivered to the test tank 303. The aerosol delivery flow rate can be adjusted by regulating the carrier gas flow rate of the delivery circuit or by adjusting the belt and brush speed within the aerosol generator 203.

[0085] Regarding aerosol sampling and measurement 204, this experiment used a Welas-3000H optical particle size analyzer. Its operating principle requires the sample gas flow rate through the instrument probe to be stable at 5 L / min, which is achieved through a vacuum pump and flow controller installed on the main unit. The vacuum pump and flow controller on the main unit need to operate under normal temperature and pressure conditions. For typical high-temperature industrial applications, simply adding a cooling device between the optical probe and the main unit would suffice. However, this experiment was conducted under high temperature and high water vapor content conditions. Cooling the sample gas flowing through the optical probe would inevitably lead to vapor condensation. In this case, the 5 L / min sampling flow rate controlled by the flow controller would only represent the flow rate of non-condensable gases in the sample gas, resulting in an actual mixed gas flow rate through the probe exceeding 5 L / min, thus distorting the measurement results.

[0086] In this embodiment, by integrating core components such as the test tank, movable track, air / steam nozzle, and compartment obstacle simulation, and with the functions of temperature and humidity adjustment, position adjustment, and temperature gradient construction, the aerosol deposition environment under the steam impact jet scenario can be accurately reproduced, providing a stable test platform for multiple deposition mechanisms such as droplet precipitation and wall condensation.

[0087] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the gas supply and flow control device includes a boiler, an air compressor, an aerosol generator, and a flow control module;

[0088] The boiler is used to provide the steam carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and works with the flow control module to adjust the output pressure and temperature of the steam; the air compressor is used to provide the air carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and works with the flow control module to adjust the output pressure of the air; the aerosol generator is used to provide aerosols with preset particle size and concentration, and to uniformly mix the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol water vapor mixture that meets the test requirements.

[0089] For example, a steam nozzle is used to supply air / steam to the test tank 303, a compartment obstacle simulator 307 is used to simulate containment compartment obstacles, and a movable track is used to adjust the distance between the obstacle and the nozzle. These three structures together constitute the basic structure of the impact jet behavior. A condensate and deposited aerosol collection and measurement device 309 is used to collect condensate generated within the test tank 303 or the compartment obstacle simulator 307, as well as flushed and deposited aerosols. The test tank 303 is equipped with two pressure relief pipelines in different directions, each adapted to different steam discharge directions, mainly used to maintain pressure balance during the test and for purging operations at the beginning and end of the test. Pressure measuring devices 206, temperature measuring devices 207, aerosol sampling measuring devices 204, and flow measuring devices 208 are sequentially installed on the first pressure relief pipeline 304 and the second pressure relief pipeline 305. The test tank 303 is also equipped with pressure measuring devices 206, temperature measuring devices 207, and aerosol sampling measuring devices 204 for real-time monitoring of thermal and aerosol parameters within the test tank 303. The surface of the compartment obstacle simulator 307 is coated with a hydrophobic material to reduce liquid retention on the test piece surface. The rings installed at both ends of the test piece cooperate with the rings on the inner surface of the test chamber to fix the test piece and prevent it from shaking when subjected to gas impact. During the test, the aerosol deposition on the surface of the compartment obstacle simulator 307 is measured, and the aerosol is collected and measured by the condensate and deposited aerosol collecting and measuring device 309 below.

[0090] In this embodiment, by integrating the gas supply and flow control device into a collaborative system of boiler, air compressor, aerosol generator and flow control module, it is possible to accurately supply the steam / air carrier gas and aerosol with preset characteristics required for the experiment, realize the precise control of carrier gas parameters and aerosol state, and provide a reliable guarantee for the stable generation of aerosol water vapor mixture.

[0091] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages in other steps. It is understood that the steps in different embodiments can be freely combined as needed, and all non-contradictory solutions formed by such combinations are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0093] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0094] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for testing aerosol deposition in the containment structure of a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, An aerosol deposition testing system for containment structures in nuclear power plants, the method comprising: Determine the target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition tests on the containment structure of a nuclear power plant; conduct steam-aerosol impingement jet tests based on the target boundary conditions, and obtain the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions by combining the predetermined aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact. The temperature and humidity of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the target boundary conditions are adjusted to target values, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to exceed the first preset temperature to obtain the second target boundary conditions; based on the second target boundary conditions, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate of the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation. Based on the inertial collision deposition rate under the non-condensation condition and the aerosol deposition rate resulting from the combined effect of vapor inertial collision and droplet precipitation, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the droplet precipitation phenomenon is obtained. The temperature of the ejected gas and the test tank environment in the second target boundary condition is adjusted to exceed the second preset temperature, and the temperature of the obstacle is controlled to be lower than the third preset temperature to obtain the third target boundary condition; based on the third target boundary condition, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test is carried out to obtain the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to the wall condensation. The process of obtaining the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact includes: The first boundary condition is obtained by adjusting the temperature of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle in the boundary conditions to be consistent. Based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the target boundary conditions for the aerosol deposition test of the containment in a nuclear power plant, the following steps are also included: Based on the characteristic parameters and dimensionless parameters of the actual accident conditions of the nuclear power plant containment, the boundary conditions for the barrier-free aerosol deposition test are determined. Based on the aforementioned boundary conditions, an unobstructed aerosol deposition experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under unobstructed conditions.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The temperature of the obstacle and the temperature of the test tank environment in the first boundary condition are adjusted to form a preset gradient, thus obtaining the second boundary condition; Based on the second boundary condition, an air-aerosol impingement jet experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate of thermophoresis.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target boundary conditions for aerosol deposition tests on the containment structure of a nuclear power plant are determined; based on the target boundary conditions, steam-aerosol impingement jet tests are conducted, and combined with the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is obtained, including: The carrier gas in the first boundary condition is adjusted to steam, and the temperature of the released gas, the test tank environment and the obstacle is controlled to be consistent and exceed the preset temperature to obtain the target boundary condition. Based on the target boundary conditions, a steam-aerosol impact jet test was conducted to obtain the aerosol take-off rate under the action of steam inertial collision. Based on the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact and the aerosol sequestration rate under the action of vapor inertial impact, the inertial impact deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: By adjusting the obstacle temperature and the test tank environment temperature in the target boundary conditions to form a preset gradient, a fourth boundary condition is obtained. Based on the fourth boundary condition, a steam-aerosol impact jet test was conducted to obtain the aerosol capture rate of thermophoresis in a steam environment. Based on the aerosol deposition rate of the thermophoresis and the aerosol sequestration rate of the thermophoresis under the vapor environment, the thermophoretic deposition rate under non-condensation conditions is determined.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After obtaining the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to wall condensation, the method further includes: Based on the fourth boundary condition and the second target boundary condition, a vapor-aerosol impact jet test under the combined effect was conducted to obtain the total deposition rate under the simultaneous action of four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation.

7. An aerosol deposition testing system for the containment structure in a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, It includes a gas supply and flow control device and a steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device connected in series; The gas supply and flow control device is used to supply two types of carrier gases, air and steam, and to create an environment for aerosol deposition experiments in the test tank of the steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device by adjusting the temperature, pressure and flow parameters of the carrier gases. The steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior test device receives carrier gas from a gas supply and flow control device, generates aerosols with a preset particle size and concentration, and uniformly mixes the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol-water vapor mixture; the aerosol-water vapor mixture is output to the test tank through an air / steam nozzle to form an impingement jet, and aerosol deposition tests are conducted under different boundary conditions in the environment constructed by the gas supply and flow control device to determine the aerosol deposition rate under four deposition mechanisms: inertial collision, thermophoresis, droplet precipitation, and wall condensation; The process of obtaining the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact includes: The first boundary condition is obtained by adjusting the temperature of the released gas, the test tank environment, and the obstacle in the boundary conditions to be consistent. Based on the first boundary condition, an air-aerosol impact jet experiment was conducted to obtain the aerosol deposition rate under inertial impact.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The experimental apparatus for steam impingement jet aerosol deposition behavior includes an experimental tank, a movable track, an air / steam nozzle, and a partition obstacle simulation body; The test tank provides a closed test space for aerosol deposition experiments, and the temperature and humidity inside the tank are controlled by a temperature and humidity control module to trigger droplet precipitation and wall condensation deposition mechanisms. The movable track is used to adjust the relative position of the air / steam nozzle and the compartment obstacle simulator based on dimensionless parameters; The air / steam nozzle is used to spray the aerosol water vapor mixture into the test tank at a preset flow rate to form an impact jet. The compartment obstacle simulator creates a temperature gradient by adjusting the surface temperature or triggers wall condensation.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gas supply and flow control device includes a boiler, an air compressor, an aerosol generator, and a flow control module; The boiler is used to provide the steam carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and is used in conjunction with the flow control module to regulate the output pressure and temperature of the steam; The air compressor is used to provide the air carrier gas required for the aerosol deposition test, and works with the flow control module to adjust the output pressure of the air; The aerosol generator is used to provide aerosols with a preset particle size and concentration, and to uniformly mix the aerosols with the carrier gas to form an aerosol-water vapor mixture that meets the test requirements.

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