Atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for synchronous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters, belonging to the field of atmospheric laser remote sensing technology. The probe light and the reference light are obtained by splitting laser pulses; the probe light is expanded, reflected, and then perpendicularly incident into the atmosphere, where it is scattered by the atmosphere to obtain the echo light. That is, all parameters originate from the same measurement and the same spectrum, resulting in perfect spatiotemporal consistency of the data, efficient measurement methods, and accurate measurement results. The temperature and pressure parameters in the atmosphere are calculated using the normalized scattering spectrum, and then aerosol and wind speed parameters are obtained, achieving true synchronous inversion of the four key parameters of temperature, pressure, wind speed, and aerosols for the first time. Furthermore, in applications such as meteorological forecasting, achieving synchronous measurement of atmospheric temperature, pressure, wind speed, and aerosols can save costs and improve efficiency, which has significant practical implications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of atmospheric laser remote sensing technology, and more specifically, relates to a method and system for simultaneous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters. Background Technology

[0002] LiDAR, as an active remote sensing technology, has become a core tool for acquiring the vertical distribution of atmospheric parameters. Its basic principle is: a pulsed laser beam of a specific wavelength is emitted into the atmosphere, interacting with gas molecules, aerosols (particulate matter), clouds, and other target objects. Part of the laser energy is backscattered back to the receiving system. By analyzing the intensity, time delay, and spectral characteristics of these echo signals, various physical and chemical parameters of the atmosphere can be deduced.

[0003] Existing technologies utilize Brillouin lidar systems to emit laser signals and collect Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering signals. By extracting characteristic parameters from the Brillouin scattering peaks in the scattering spectrum, atmospheric parameters such as temperature and pressure are obtained, enabling real-time acquisition of temperature and pressure changes at different altitudes. Meanwhile, in previous studies of atmospheric parameter inversion models, simultaneous inversion models involving temperature and pressure have been proposed. For example, in patent application CN116430411A, a temperature inversion model was established based on the relationship between the overall linewidth of the scattering spectrum and the number of molecular scattered photons and atmospheric temperature and pressure. However, this model is limited because it is built based on the overall linewidth and the number of molecular scattered photons, resulting in insufficient detailed description of the atmospheric scattering spectrum and requiring improvement in inversion accuracy. In other words, existing technologies lack efficient and high-precision solutions for inverting multiple atmospheric parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method and system for synchronous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters, the purpose of which is to solve the technical problem that the existing technology cannot efficiently and accurately invert multiple atmospheric parameters.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for simultaneous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters is provided, comprising: The instrument parameters of the fiber optic channel corresponding to the scattering spectrum of the echo light after the probe light is scattered by the atmosphere and the reference light are obtained respectively. The probe light and the reference light are obtained by laser pulse beam splitting. The probe light is expanded and reflected vertically into the atmosphere, and then scattered by the atmosphere to obtain the echo light. The scattering spectrum is frequency-shifted and corrected using the instrument parameters under the same normalized reference frame to obtain a normalized scattering spectrum. Extract the overall linewidth from the normalized scattering spectrum. The normalized scattering spectrum is fitted, and the Brillouin frequency shift is extracted from the fitting result. ; to the overall line width and the Brillouin frequency shift Substitute the parameters into the temperature and pressure inversion model to simultaneously calculate the temperature and pressure parameters in the atmosphere; The aerosol parameters in the atmosphere are calculated by combining the aforementioned temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations. The normalized scattering spectrum is analyzed to obtain wind speed parameters in the atmosphere.

[0006] Furthermore, the overall line width The overall linewidth is defined as the full width at half the peak intensity in the normalized scattering spectrum. It is affected by both temperature and pressure.

[0007] Furthermore, the Brillouin frequency shift The Brillouin scattering peak shift is defined as the shift relative to the incident laser frequency obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting of the normalized scattering spectrum using the G3 model; the G3 model is a physical model containing one Rayleigh peak and a pair of Brillouin peaks; the Brillouin frequency shift is defined as... It is related to the speed of sound and the wind speed in the line of sight.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature and pressure inversion model represents:

[0009]

[0010] in, These are the model coefficients.

[0011] Further, the analysis of the normalized scattering spectrum to obtain atmospheric wind speed parameters includes: The normalized scattering spectrum is segmented to obtain a symmetric part and an asymmetric part; Calculate the centroid of each of the symmetrical and asymmetrical parts; The wind speed parameters in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere are calculated based on the offset of their centers of gravity.

[0012] Furthermore, the calculation of the wind speed parameter in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere based on the offset of the centers of gravity of the two includes: Using the formula V= Calculate the wind speed V in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere; The centroid of the symmetrical part. The centroid of the asymmetrical part. This represents the wind speed corresponding to each channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the calculation of aerosol parameters in the atmosphere by combining the temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations includes: The atmospheric backscattering coefficient is calculated by combining the temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations. This allows for the separation of the aerosol backscattering coefficient. With aerosol extinction coefficient .

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, an atmospheric multi-parameter acquisition system is provided, comprising: A laser, used to emit laser pulses; A beam splitter is disposed in the output optical path of the laser pulse to split the laser pulse into a reference beam and a signal beam in a proportional manner, and to output the reference beam and the probe beam. A reference optical path assembly is disposed on the propagation optical path of the reference light, which is transmitted via optical fiber; A detection optical path assembly is disposed on the propagation optical path of the detection light. The detection light is first expanded and then guided to be vertically incident into the atmosphere. The echo light after the detection light is scattered by the atmosphere is then received. A spectral detection unit is disposed in the propagation optical path of the echo light and the reference light, and is used to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light; The signal processing unit, connected to the spectral detection unit, is used to execute the atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method.

[0015] Furthermore, the detection optical path assembly includes, in sequence: a beam expander, a reflector F1, and a telescope; the detection light is expanded by the beam expander and then guided by the reflector F1 to be directed vertically into the atmosphere; the telescope receives the echo light of the detection light after it has been scattered by the atmosphere.

[0016] Furthermore, the spectral detection unit, disposed in the propagation optical path of the echo light and the reference light, includes a fiber coupler, a collimating lens, an interferometer, and a shaping lens group arranged sequentially. The fiber coupler couples the echo light and the reference light, which are then converted into parallel light by the collimating lens and incident on the interferometer. After passing through the interferometer, light of different frequencies forms interference fringes in space. The shaping lens group then images part of the interference fringes onto the PMT array to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light.

[0017] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention provides a method for synchronous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters. The probe light and the reference light are obtained by splitting laser pulses. The probe light is expanded and reflected vertically into the atmosphere, and then scattered by the atmosphere to obtain the echo light. That is, all parameters originate from the same measurement and the same spectrum, resulting in perfect spatiotemporal consistency of data, efficient measurement method, and accurate measurement results. The temperature and pressure parameters in the atmosphere are calculated using the normalized scattering spectrum, and then aerosol parameters and wind speed parameters are obtained. For the first time, true synchronous inversion of the four key parameters of temperature, pressure, wind speed, and aerosols is achieved. In addition, in applications such as meteorological forecasting, the synchronous measurement of atmospheric temperature, pressure, wind speed, and aerosols can save costs and improve efficiency, which has important practical significance.

[0018] (2) The joint inversion model of this scheme fully considers the coupling effect between physical parameters and has high inversion accuracy. Experiments show that the average error can be as low as 0.86K in the low-altitude atmospheric temperature inversion.

[0019] (3) This solution breaks through the limitations of near-field measurement: The normalized spectral processing technology based on the reference channel is the key innovation of this invention. It fundamentally eliminates the influence of the geometric overlap factor, enabling the system to obtain high-precision measurement results comparable to those in the far field in the geometric overlap area within 500 meters without any complex correction. It realizes seamless and high-precision continuous detection from the near field to the far field, filling the gap in near-field detection of traditional lidar.

[0020] (4) This solution has high system integration and good cost-effectiveness: one system integration replaces the functions of multiple traditional systems (temperature measurement, wind measurement, aerosol detection), which greatly simplifies the system structure and reduces hardware costs, operation and maintenance complexity and data fusion difficulty.

[0021] (5) This scheme has high time resolution and strong real-time performance: the non-scanning spectral detection method (interferometer + array detector) allows a single pulse to acquire the complete spectrum. Combined with the efficient inversion algorithm, the system has extremely high time resolution (up to the second level or even higher), which is very suitable for observing rapidly changing atmospheric processes such as wind shear, turbulence initiation, and pollution transport.

[0022] (6) The system of this scheme has strong robustness: there are no moving scanning components in the optical system, which improves the long-term stability and environmental adaptability of the system and is more suitable for long-term continuous operation in business. The laser is emitted in the atmospheric environment to be measured, and the scattered echo signal of the laser is collected. The Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectrum of the scattered echo signal in the atmospheric environment to be measured is fitted. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2The image shows the line-of-sight wind speed results in the range of 0-4.83 km based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The temperature results at 0-4.83 km based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are shown.

[0025] Figure 4 The pressure results in the range of 0-4.83 km based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectrum are shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for simultaneous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the procedure includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the scattering spectrum of the echo light after the probe light is scattered by the atmosphere and the instrument parameters of the fiber optic channel corresponding to the reference light. The probe light and reference light are obtained by laser pulse beam splitting; the probe light is expanded and reflected vertically into the atmosphere, and then scattered by the atmosphere to obtain the echo light. S2: Under the same normalized reference frame, the scattering spectrum is frequency-shifted and corrected using the instrument parameters to obtain the normalized scattering spectrum. S3: Extract the overall linewidth from the normalized scattering spectrum. The normalized scattering spectrum is fitted, and the Brillouin frequency shift is extracted from the fitting result. ; Adjust the overall line width Brillouin Shift Substituting the values ​​into the temperature and pressure inversion model, the temperature and pressure parameters in the atmosphere are calculated simultaneously. The aerosol parameters in the atmosphere are then calculated by combining the temperature and pressure parameters with the lidar equations. The normalized scattering spectrum is analyzed to obtain the wind speed parameters in the atmosphere.

[0029] Specifically, the laser is first triggered to emit a laser pulse, and the data acquisition card is simultaneously controlled to acquire discrete spectral data corresponding to the multi-point echo light. (i=1, 2, ..., 16), where point 16 is only for illustrative purposes. This includes atmospheric scattering signals and system noise. During periodic system calibration, the probe optical path is closed, and the shutter Sh1 of the reference optical path is opened to acquire discrete data of the instrument parameters. Further, dark noise subtraction and channel sensitivity non-uniformity correction are performed on the raw acquired echo scattering spectrum. Then, the echo scattering spectrum and the instrument parameter spectrum are aligned and normalized in the frequency domain to obtain the normalized scattering spectrum. :

[0030] in This is the corrected frequency shift. This normalization process fundamentally eliminates the influence of factors such as geometric overlap factor, laser pulse energy fluctuations, and optical system efficiency variations, enabling the system to obtain consistent high-precision spectral data both inside and outside the geometric overlap region. This normalization process eliminates the influence of laser energy fluctuations, detector response differences, and most critically, the system's geometric overlap factor, allowing the same inversion model to be used directly both inside and outside the 261m geometric overlap region without the need for geometric factor correction.

[0031] As an optional implementation method, the overall line width Defined as the full width at half the peak intensity in the normalized scattering spectrum, the overall linewidth. It is also affected by temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the Brillouin frequency shift... The Brillouin scattering peak shift is defined as the shift relative to the incident laser frequency, obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting of the normalized scattering spectrum using the G3 model. The G3 model is a physical model containing one Rayleigh peak and a pair of Brillouin peaks. The Brillouin frequency shift is... It is related to the speed of sound and the wind speed in the line of sight.

[0032] Specifically, the G3 model is used to perform nonlinear least-squares fitting on the normalized spectrum. The expression for the G3 model is:

[0033]

[0034] The fitting process iteratively optimizes parameter A (Rayleigh component intensity weight) using the least squares method. (Rayleigh linewidth) (Brillouin line width) and (Brillouin shift). From the fitting results, two key feature parameters are extracted: overall linewidth. Calculated as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectrum. Brillouin frequency shift. : Directly take the absolute value of the fitted parameters.

[0035] As an optional implementation method, the temperature and pressure inversion model represents:

[0036]

[0037] in, These are the model coefficients.

[0038] Specifically, the extracted overall line width Brillouin Shift Substitute the data into the dedicated inversion model established in this invention. Wherein, The coefficients are model coefficients determined through extensive simulation data and experimental calibration. In this embodiment, the model coefficients obtained through prior calibration are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Parameters in the inversion model

[0039] As an optional implementation, analyzing the normalized scattering spectrum to obtain atmospheric wind speed parameters includes: segmenting the normalized scattering spectrum to obtain symmetrical and asymmetrical parts; calculating the centroids of the symmetrical and asymmetrical parts; and calculating the wind speed parameters in the line-of-sight direction based on the offset of their centroids. Further, calculating the wind speed parameters in the line-of-sight direction based on the offset of their centroids includes: using the formula V = Calculate the wind speed V in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere; The centroid of the symmetrical part. The centroid of the asymmetrical part. This represents the wind speed corresponding to each channel.

[0040] Specifically, wind speed inversion is performed using the symmetry of the normalized spectrum. The spectrum is divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical parts at the frequency center. Since the Brillouin shift and wind speed cause changes in intensity on both sides of the spectrum, the wind speed is calculated by separately calculating the centroid frequencies of these two spectral parts and then using their centroid shift. The actual process can be divided into the following steps: The scattering spectrum and instrument parameter graphs were obtained separately. Frequency shift corrections were performed on both graphs in the same normalized reference frame. The center frequency point of the spectrum was then located, and the spectrum was divided into left and right parts (symmetric and asymmetric parts). The barycentric frequencies of the two spectra were then calculated separately. and The wind speed V in the line-of-sight direction is directly proportional to the shift in the center of gravity. V=

[0041] Since this method directly analyzes the normalized spectral shape, it is also unaffected by the geometric overlap factor.

[0042] As an optional implementation, aerosol parameters in the atmosphere are calculated by combining temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations, including: calculating the atmospheric backscattering coefficient by combining temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations. This allows for the separation of the aerosol backscattering coefficient. With aerosol extinction coefficient .

[0043] Specifically, by using the temperature T and pressure P obtained from precise inversion, combined with standard atmospheric models or real-time sounding data, the backscattering coefficient of pure molecular atmosphere can be accurately calculated. and extinction coefficient Then, combining the lidar equation, the aerosol backscattering coefficient can be separated from the total backscattered signal. The lidar equation is:

[0044] In the formula, Let r be the energy of the laser echo signal received by the radar receiving system at altitude r. The emission energy of the laser; denoted as the total optical efficiency of the corresponding receiving channel; A is the mirror area of ​​the receiving telescope. Let be the geometric overlap factor of the system at height r; L is half the pulse space length, which can be expressed as: , where c is the speed of light and t is the pulse period of the laser; and These represent the backscattering coefficients of molecules and aerosols, respectively. and These represent the extinction coefficients of molecules and aerosols, respectively. By systematically correcting the lidar equations, the total attenuation backscattering coefficients of molecules and aerosols can be obtained. :

[0045] Furthermore, it is possible to utilize Solve for the aerosol extinction coefficient .

[0046] Figure 2 The figure shows the temperature results of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy in the range of 0-4.83 km provided in Example 1. Figure 3 The pressure results in the range of 0-4.83 km based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy provided in Example 1 are shown. Figure 4This is a flowchart of the synchronous measurement method for multiple atmospheric parameters based on Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy provided in Example 1. This example successfully achieved synchronous and high-precision detection of atmospheric temperature, pressure, wind speed, and aerosol optical parameters. The system has a high time resolution (100Hz), enabling it to capture rapidly changing atmospheric processes; furthermore, thanks to normalized spectral processing technology, it achieves high-precision measurement across the entire range from near-field (261m) to far-field (4617m), verifying the effectiveness and advancement of the invention.

[0047] Example 2 This embodiment provides an atmospheric multi-parameter acquisition system, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes: a laser, a beam splitter, a reference optical path assembly, a probe optical path assembly, a spectral detection unit, and a signal processing unit.

[0048] A laser emits laser pulses, which can be narrow-linewidth laser pulses. A beam splitter, positioned in the output optical path of the laser pulse, splits the laser pulse proportionally into reference and signal beams, and outputs reference and probe beams. A reference optical path assembly is positioned in the propagation optical path of the reference beam, which is transmitted via optical fiber. A probe optical path assembly is positioned in the propagation optical path of the probe beam, which is first expanded and then guided vertically into the atmosphere; it then receives the echo light scattered by the atmosphere. A spectral detection unit is positioned in the propagation optical paths of the echo and reference beams, used to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light; both the reference and probe optical path assemblies are equipped with shutters, and the spectral detection unit can be controlled to receive the corresponding optical signal by controlling the opening and closing of the shutters. A signal processing unit, connected to the spectral detection unit, is used to execute the atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method.

[0049] As an optional implementation, the detection optical path assembly includes, in sequence: a beam expander, a reflector F1, and a telescope; the detection light is expanded by the beam expander and then guided by the reflector F1 to be directed vertically into the atmosphere; the telescope receives the echo light after the detection light is scattered by the atmosphere.

[0050] As an optional implementation, the spectral detection unit is set in the propagation optical path of the echo light and the reference light, and includes a fiber coupler, a collimating lens, an interferometer, and a shaping lens group arranged in sequence. The fiber coupler couples the echo light and the reference light, which are then collimated into parallel light by the collimating lens and incident on the interferometer. After passing through the interferometer, light of different frequencies forms interference fringes in space. The shaping lens group then images part of the interference fringes onto the PMT array to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light.

[0051] For example, the laser in this scheme can be a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a working wavelength of 532nm, an output linewidth of less than 0.1pm, a pulse energy of 120mJ, and a repetition frequency of 100Hz. The laser beam first passes through a low-bias beam splitter, which can split it into two beams with a 1:9 ratio. The weaker beam (10%) serves as the reference beam, which is focused by lens L0 and then coupled into the optical fiber after passing through the laser shutter Sh1, and transmitted to the spectral detection unit as a calibration source. The stronger beam (90%) serves as the probe beam, which is expanded by a double beam expander and then guided to the sky by reflector F1, entering the atmosphere vertically.

[0052] Alternatively, a 320mm aperture Cassegrain telescope can be used to receive atmospheric backscattered signals. Preferably, the echo signal received by the telescope first passes through a narrow-band filter (center wavelength 532nm, bandwidth 0.3nm) to suppress background sky light. Subsequently, the probe light is guided to the spectral detection unit by the same low-bias beam splitter (which also serves as the receiving optics).

[0053] The probe light is then collimated by a collimating lens before being incident on the Fizeau interferometer. The Fizeau interferometer has a free spectral range of 15 GHz and a precision greater than 30. After passing through the interferometer, light of different frequencies forms alternating bright and dark interference fringes in space. A beam-shaping lens group images one of the clearest interference fringes onto a 32-channel photomultiplier tube (PMT) array. Each channel corresponds to a specific frequency, allowing the complete Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectrum to be recorded in a single exposure. The fiber optic exit end of the reference light path is also located in this path and can illuminate the Fizeau interferometer when needed to record instrument parameters.

[0054] Finally, the electrical signals output by the multi-channel PMT array are synchronously acquired by a high-speed multi-channel data acquisition card at a sampling frequency of 100MHz. The acquired data is sent to an electronic device with a processor, namely a signal processing unit, which uses the method described in Example 1 to invert atmospheric multi-parameters and then stores them.

[0055] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. It should be noted that the terms "in one embodiment," "for example," and "again" in this invention are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0056] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneous inversion of multiple atmospheric parameters, characterized in that, include: The instrument parameters of the fiber optic channel corresponding to the scattering spectrum of the echo light after the probe light is scattered by the atmosphere and the reference light are obtained respectively. The probe light and the reference light are obtained by laser pulse beam splitting. The probe light is expanded and reflected vertically into the atmosphere, and then scattered by the atmosphere to obtain the echo light. The scattering spectrum is frequency-shifted and corrected using the instrument parameters under the same normalized reference frame to obtain a normalized scattering spectrum. Extract the overall linewidth from the normalized scattering spectrum. ; The normalized scattering spectrum is fitted, and the Brillouin frequency shift is extracted from the fitting result. ; to the overall line width and the Brillouin frequency shift Substitute the parameters into the temperature and pressure inversion model to simultaneously calculate the temperature and pressure parameters in the atmosphere; The aerosol parameters in the atmosphere are calculated by combining the aforementioned temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations. The normalized scattering spectrum is analyzed to obtain wind speed parameters in the atmosphere; The temperature and pressure inversion model indicates that: in, These are the model coefficients; Indicates temperature parameter, This represents the pressure parameter.

2. The atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The overall line width The overall linewidth is defined as the full width at half the peak intensity in the normalized scattering spectrum. It is affected by both temperature and pressure.

3. The atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The Brillouin frequency shift The Brillouin scattering peak shift is defined as the shift relative to the incident laser frequency obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting of the normalized scattering spectrum using the G3 model; the G3 model is a physical model containing one Rayleigh peak and a pair of Brillouin peaks; the Brillouin frequency shift is defined as... It is related to the speed of sound and the wind speed in the line of sight direction.

4. The atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis of the normalized scattering spectrum to obtain atmospheric wind speed parameters includes: The normalized scattering spectrum is segmented to obtain a symmetric part and an asymmetric part; Calculate the centroid of each of the symmetrical and asymmetrical parts; The wind speed parameters in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere are calculated based on the offset of their centers of gravity.

5. The atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation of wind speed parameters in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere based on the offset of the centers of gravity of the two includes: Using the formula V= Calculate the wind speed V in the line-of-sight direction in the atmosphere; The centroid of the symmetrical part. The centroid of the asymmetrical part. This represents the wind speed corresponding to each channel.

6. The atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of atmospheric aerosol parameters by combining the temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations includes: The atmospheric backscattering coefficient is calculated by combining the temperature parameters, pressure parameters, and lidar equations. This allows for the separation of the aerosol backscattering coefficient. With aerosol extinction coefficient .

7. An atmospheric multi-parameter acquisition system, characterized in that, include: A laser, used to emit laser pulses; A beam splitter is disposed in the output optical path of the laser pulse to split the laser pulse into a reference beam and a signal beam in a proportional manner, and to output the reference beam and the probe beam. A reference optical path assembly is disposed on the propagation optical path of the reference light, which is transmitted via optical fiber; A detection optical path assembly is disposed on the propagation optical path of the detection light. The detection light is first expanded and then guided to be vertically incident into the atmosphere. The echo light after the detection light is scattered by the atmosphere is then received. A spectral detection unit is disposed in the propagation optical path of the echo light and the reference light, and is used to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light; A signal processing unit, connected to the spectral detection unit, is used to execute the atmospheric multi-parameter synchronous inversion method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. The atmospheric multi-parameter acquisition system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The detection optical path assembly includes, in sequence: a beam expander, a reflector F1, and a telescope; the detection light is expanded by the beam expander and then guided by the reflector F1 to be directed vertically into the atmosphere; the telescope receives the echo light after the detection light is scattered by the atmosphere.

9. The atmospheric multi-parameter acquisition system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The spectral detection unit is disposed on the propagation optical path of the echo light and the reference light, and includes an optical fiber coupler, a collimating lens, an interferometer and a shaping lens group arranged in sequence; the optical fiber coupler functions to combine the optical signals at the reference end of the optical fiber and the telescope end, and maintains the waveform characteristics and polarization characteristics of the original signal. The fiber coupler couples the echo light and the reference light, which are then collimated by the collimating lens and incident on the interferometer. After passing through the interferometer, light of different frequencies forms interference fringes in space. A shaping lens group then images part of the interference fringes onto the PMT array to extract the scattering spectrum corresponding to the echo light and the instrument parameters corresponding to the reference light.

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