A laser projection positioning system for component part installation, application and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of component part installation laser projection positioning system, application and method, solve the existing technology in the positioning method of the assembly welding of bogie frame parts There is big error, the problem that template cannot be universal, with the beneficial effect of ensuring the accuracy and precision of part projection positioning, specific scheme is as follows: a kind of component part installation laser projection positioning system, including target tooling, target tooling includes target support, multiple target balls are arranged at target support, the both ends of target support are supported by adjusting mechanism respectively, adjusting mechanism is positioned by component and is placed on the surface of component;Control unit is supported by movable car, laser projector sends to control unit after obtaining the actual coordinates of target tooling, the actual coordinates of target tooling are made consistent with the theoretical coordinates of target tooling by adjusting mechanism, after consistent, control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of part to laser projector, and laser projector is launched the laser of part shape towards component according to the theoretical coordinates of part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit technology, and in particular to a laser projection positioning system, application, and method for installing components and parts. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the welding process of steering frame components, there are problems such as a large number of parts and numerous welding dimensions, and the dimensions and shapes of parts vary between different vehicle models. Currently, a scribing method is used to assemble steering frame components, but this method has the following drawbacks: the manual scribing workload is large, requiring the assembly dimensions or outlines of each part to be drawn, and manual work is prone to errors; the production process is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high. Another method is to use templates for each part for assembly, but this method requires a large number of templates, which are prone to being mixed up; moreover, templates for different vehicle models are not interchangeable, and new templates must be made for model changes; welding templates are prone to deformation, and mass production requires multiple re-makings.

[0004] Three-dimensional projection positioning is used in the hull construction process, but not in the welding of bogie frame components. The three-dimensional projection positioning method requires the use of a laser projector. Large gantry cranes are set up during the hull construction process because the hull structural components are relatively large, and the cost and space occupied by building large gantry cranes are acceptable. However, if large gantry cranes are built in the welding of bogie frame components, there are problems such as large space occupation, inconvenience in movement, and high cost. Moreover, the target settings of the bogie frame or other components are definitely different from those of the hull parts, and positioning must be taken into consideration. The target cannot be used directly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a laser projection positioning system for the installation of components and parts, which has a reasonable structure, is easy to move, effectively controls costs, and can achieve accurate positioning of the projection of components and parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts, comprising: Target fixture: The target fixture includes a target bracket with multiple target balls. Both ends of the target bracket are supported by adjustment mechanisms. The adjustment mechanisms are placed on the surface of the component and positioned by the component. The adjustment mechanisms have support columns that position the target bracket. The adjustment mechanisms can move in multiple directions. A laser projector, supported by a movable vehicle, can be moved to the side of a component to emit a laser beam in the shape of the part onto the component. Control Unit: The control unit is supported by a movable vehicle. The laser projector is connected to the control unit. The control unit stores the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture and the theoretical coordinates of the part. After the laser projector obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The adjustment mechanism makes the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. After they are consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector. The laser projector emits a laser beam in the shape of the part toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part.

[0007] In the laser projection positioning system for mounting components described above, when the reference of the component and the reference of the target tooling are the same, the theoretical coordinates of the component are obtained through theoretical calculation.

[0008] As described above, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components utilizes the structural features of the components, and the adjustment mechanism positions the components using the spring holes and the upper surface of the components. The target bracket has a positioning hole on the side facing the adjustment mechanism. The top of the support column is conical so that the top of the support column can be inserted into the positioning hole. In this way, the component positions the adjustment mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism positions the target fixture, ensuring that the position reference of the target fixture is the same for all workpieces.

[0009] As described above, in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts, the length of the target bracket is greater than the width of the inner side of the component, and the length of the target bracket is less than the width of the outer side of the component, so as to ensure stable support for the target bracket and avoid complicating the mechanism of the target tooling. The target support is a right-angled trapezoid with a width of less than or equal to 12cm at one end. Multiple target balls are set on the right-angled side and the hypotenuse of the target support, which is beneficial to the structural stability of the target support.

[0010] As described above, in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts, the two ends of the target bracket are positioned above the component, and the distance between adjacent target balls is set. Because the component has only two spring holes, one end of the target bracket is supported by one adjustment mechanism, the other end of the target bracket is supported by two adjustment mechanisms, and the two adjustment mechanisms at the other end of the target bracket are supported by the same base plate.

[0011] As described above, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts includes an adjustment mechanism comprising a base plate with a support block at the bottom of the base plate. The support block can be inserted into the spring hole of the component. Support blocks are respectively provided on both sides of the support block on the base plate. The support blocks are in contact with the upper surface of the component. The bottom of the support block is spherical. The base plate supports a multi-directional adjustment component.

[0012] As described above, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components includes a multi-directional adjustment component comprising a Y-axis adjustment member that supports an X-axis adjustment member. The X-axis adjustment member includes a first pad that supports and is slidably connected to an X-axis slider. The X-axis slider is connected to the support column. An adjustment component is provided between the first pad and the X-axis slider. The Y-axis adjustment member includes a second pad that supports and is slidably connected to a Y-axis slider. An adjustment component is also provided between the second pad and the Y-axis slider. The two adjustment components are staggered. The Y-axis slider supports the first pad. The X-axis and Y-axis positions of the component can be effectively adjusted using the X-axis and Y-axis adjustment components to fine-tune the position of the target tooling.

[0013] As described above, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components includes an adjustment component comprising a mounting base fixed to the side of the first pad or the second pad, an adjustment rod passing through the mounting base and connected to the X-axis slider or the Y-axis slider after passing through the mounting base, and a locking element provided after the adjustment rod passes through the mounting base.

[0014] As described above, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components includes a movable vehicle with a vehicle body, multiple wheels at the bottom of the vehicle body, and a lifting mechanism inside the vehicle body. The lifting mechanism is connected to a laser projector, and the laser projector is rotatable and swingable relative to the top of the lifting mechanism so that the laser projector can emit laser light toward the surface of the component.

[0015] As described above, in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts, the target ball is inserted into the target bracket, the target ball is a multifaceted sphere, and at least one reflector is provided on the side of the target ball.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention provides an application of a laser projection positioning system for mounting components, which is applied to the positioning of bogie frame components in rail transit vehicles.

[0017] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a laser projection positioning method for bogie frame parts, employing the aforementioned laser projection positioning system for component installation, comprising the following: The target fixture is fabricated, supported by an adjustment mechanism, and positioned. The target fixture is then placed on the bogie frame, which positions it accordingly. Move the laser projector to one side of the steering frame; The position of the target tooling is calibrated for the first time: the theoretical positions of the target tooling and the parts at the bogie frame are determined, and the theoretical coordinates of the parts are determined. The theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts are obtained by the laser projector. The laser projector sends the obtained theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts to the control unit, which stores them. During construction, a target fixture is placed on the bogie frame. After the laser projector obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the mechanism to make the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. Once consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector. The laser projector then emits a laser beam in the shape of the part toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The present invention provides a laser projection positioning system, including a target fixture, a laser projector, and a control unit. The target fixture is placed at the component and accurately positioned by the component, thus ensuring the positional relationship between the target fixture and the part. The setting of the adjustment mechanism can drive the target fixture to make fine adjustments to ensure that the actual coordinates of the target fixture match the theoretical coordinates. The theoretical coordinates of the target fixture and the theoretical coordinates of the part are stored in the control unit. As long as the actual coordinates of the target fixture are consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture, the laser projector emits a laser beam of the part shape toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part, ensuring the accuracy and precision of the projection positioning of the part.

[0019] 2) In this invention, the characteristics of the component are utilized to position and adjust the mechanism through the two spring holes of the component with relatively precise positional relationship. The upper surface of the component positions and adjusts the mechanism. Moreover, the top of the support column is inserted into the positioning hole of the target bracket. The component positions the adjustment mechanism as a whole, and the adjustment mechanism positions the target tooling to ensure the position reference of the target tooling, so that the reference of all workpieces is the same.

[0020] 3) In this invention, the target support is reasonably set up. The shape of the target support conforms to the size of the component. The target support is trapezoidal, but the width of one side is less than or equal to 15mm, so that the whole is approximately triangular. The triangular shape is stable and also facilitates the setting of three adjustment mechanisms. The three adjustment mechanisms can provide stable support for the target fixture. Two of the three adjustment mechanisms are placed on the same side of the component and supported by the same base plate, so as to ensure accurate positioning of one end of the target support through the same air spring hole.

[0021] 4) The laser projection positioning method provided by the present invention first calibrates the position of the target tooling. After calibration, the laser projector can obtain the theoretical position of the target tooling and the part at the bogie frame and store it by the control unit. In actual construction, as long as the actual coordinates of the target tooling are consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target tooling, the theoretical coordinates of the part can be sent to the laser projector to emit laser, thereby accurately positioning the projection of the part. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a target device at a component in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the target device at the component in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of two adjustment mechanisms at one end of a target tooling in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism at the other end of the target tooling in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a lifting mechanism in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of a laser projector in a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0030] The components are: 1. Component, 2. Target bracket, 3. Target ball, 4. Adjustment mechanism, 5. Base plate, 6. Support column, 7. Mounting seat, 8. Adjusting rod, 9. X-axis slider, 10. First pad, 11. Fixed plate, 12. Y-axis slider, 13. Second pad, 14. X-axis adjusting component, 15. Y-axis adjusting component, 16. Support pier, 17. Connecting column, 18. Movable vehicle, 19. Rotary motor, 20. Swing motor, 21. Connecting ear, 22. U-shaped frame, 23. Laser projector, 24. Support ear, 25. Lifting mechanism, 26. Wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0032] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. As described in the background section, the existing methods for assembling and positioning bogie frame parts have problems such as large errors and the inability to use universal templates. In order to solve the above technical problems, this invention proposes a laser projection positioning system for installing component parts.

[0033] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, a laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts includes: Target fixture: The target fixture includes a target support 2, and multiple target balls 3 are set at the target support 2, with a distance between adjacent target balls 3; both ends of the target support 2 are supported by adjustment mechanisms, which are placed on the surface of component 1 and positioned by component 1. The adjustment mechanism 4 has a support column, which positions the target support, and the adjustment mechanism 4 can move in multiple directions. Laser projector 23, supported by movable vehicle 18, is movable to the side of component 1 to emit laser in the shape of part onto component 1. Control Unit: The control unit is supported by the movable vehicle 18. The laser projector 23 is connected to the control unit. The control unit stores the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture and the theoretical coordinates of the part. After the laser projector 23 obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The adjustment mechanism 4 makes the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. After they are consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector 23. The laser projector 23 emits a laser beam in the shape of the part toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part.

[0034] It is easy to understand that the theoretical coordinates of the part are obtained through theoretical calculations; the adjustment mechanism 4 positions the target fixture, which is located at component 1 and accurately positioned by component 1, ensuring that the reference points of the part and the target fixture are the same, thus guaranteeing the positional relationship between the target fixture and the part. At this point, as long as the actual position of the target fixture is consistent with its theoretical position, the actual position of the part can be quickly obtained. After the initial calibration, the target fixture is positioned in the X and Y directions using the spring holes as reference points, and in the Z direction using the spring seat plate as reference points. Through fine-tuning by the adjustment mechanism, the projection center line is aligned with the workpiece reference line, and then the part can be projected according to the program.

[0035] When component 1 is a bogie frame, the structural features of the component are utilized to position the adjustment mechanism by the spring holes of the component and the upper surface of component 1. A spring hole is set on each side of the bogie frame. The accuracy of the spring holes has been determined in the early stage, and the distance between the two spring holes is also precise. By using the spring holes to position the adjustment mechanism, the accurate positioning of the target tooling can be guaranteed. In this embodiment, the target support 2 is set across the component, with both ends of the target support 2 positioned above the component 1. This facilitates the adjustment mechanism 4 to contact the target support 2 for positioning, and avoids making the target support too complex. The length of the target support 2 is greater than the width of the inner side of the component 1, and the length of the target support 2 is less than the width of the outer side of the component 1, so as to ensure stable support for the target support 2 and avoid complicating the mechanism of the target tooling. Specifically, the target bracket 2 is a right trapezoidal shape. Both ends of the target bracket 2 (the non-right-angled side and the hypotenuse of the right trapezoid) are positioned above the air spring holes of the steering frame. The width of one end of the target bracket 2 (the end of the right trapezoid) is less than or equal to 12cm, and the width of the other end of the target bracket 2 is greater than 30cm. Multiple target balls 3 are set on the right-angled side and the hypotenuse of the target bracket 2, making the whole shape approximately triangular. The triangular shape is stable and also facilitates the setting of three adjustment mechanisms. The three adjustment mechanisms can provide stable support for the target fixture.

[0036] It is easy to understand that the target bracket 2 is provided with a positioning hole on the side facing the adjustment mechanism, and the top of the support column 6 is conical so that the top of the support column 6 can be inserted into the positioning hole. In this way, the component positions the adjustment mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism positions the target fixture, ensuring the position reference of the target fixture, so that the reference of all workpieces is the same.

[0037] It should be noted that the target ball 3 is inserted into the target bracket 2. The target ball 3 can be fixed to the upper surface of the target bracket 2 by a threaded structure, or the target ball 3 can be fixed to the target bracket 2 by a snap-fit ​​method. Each target ball 3 is a multi-faceted sphere. Each side of the target ball 3 is provided with a reflector. The reflector can be a circular sheet. The reflector is used to facilitate the laser projector to obtain the position of the target ball 3, and then the control unit obtains the coordinates of the target fixture.

[0038] In some examples, the target support 2 is made of a material with high rigidity and light weight. Based on the upper plane of the frame, it adopts three-point support to ensure the stability of the tooling without shaking, and each point is equipped with an adjustment mechanism.

[0039] Because component 1 has only two air spring holes, one end of the target bracket 2 is supported by one adjustment mechanism, the other end of the target bracket 2 is supported by two adjustment mechanisms, and the two adjustment mechanisms at the other end of the target bracket 2 are supported by the same base plate 5.

[0040] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 4 includes a base plate 5, with a support block 16 at the bottom of the base plate 5. The support block 16 can be inserted into the air spring hole of the component 1. The diameter of the support block 16 is adapted to the inner diameter of the air spring hole of the component. Support blocks are respectively set on both sides of the support block 16 on the base plate 5. The support blocks on both sides are integrally set with the base plate. The height of the support blocks on both sides is the same. The support blocks are in contact with the upper surface of the component. The upper surface of the air spring hole of the steering frame positions the base plate 5. The bottom of the support block 16 is spherical. The base plate supports the multi-directional adjustment component.

[0041] In this embodiment, since the positions of the spring holes on both sides have already ensured the Z-direction position of the target ball fixture, the multi-directional adjustment component can be adjusted in three directions: X and Y. In this embodiment, the multi-directional adjustment component includes a Y-direction adjustment component 15, which supports an X-direction adjustment component 14. The X-direction adjustment component 14 includes a first pad 10, which supports an X-direction slider 9 and is slidably connected to the X-direction slider 9. The X-direction slider 9 is connected to the support column 6 through a fixing plate 11. An adjustment component is provided between the first pad 10 and the X-direction slider 9. The Y-direction adjustment component 15 includes a second pad 13, which supports a Y-direction slider 12 and is slidably connected to the Y-direction slider 12. An adjustment component is also provided between the second pad 13 and the Y-direction slider 12. The two adjustment components are staggered. The Y-direction slider 12 supports the first pad 10. The X-direction adjustment component 14 and the Y-direction adjustment component 15 can effectively adjust the X-direction and Y-direction positions of the component to fine-tune the position of the target fixture.

[0042] In other examples, the fixed plate 11 is supported by the Z-axis adjusting member at the top of the X-axis adjusting member, and the support column 6 is installed on the fixed plate 11. The Z-axis adjusting member can be an existing Z-axis adjusting member, such as a screw between the fixed plate and the X-axis adjusting member, with the screw connected to the X-axis adjusting member by a threaded structure. Rotating the support column can adjust the height of the multi-axis adjusting member. Of course, other types of Z-axis adjusting members can also be selected.

[0043] The adjusting component includes a mounting base 7, which is fixed to the side of the first pad 10 or the second pad 13. The mounting base 9 is arranged along the longitudinal section of the first pad 10 or the second pad 13. The adjusting rod 8 passes through the mounting base 9 and is connected to the X-axis slider 9 or the Y-axis slider 12 after passing through the mounting base 9. A locking element is set after the adjusting rod 8 passes through the mounting base. The adjusting rod is specifically an adjusting bolt, which is engaged with the mounting base 7 through a threaded structure. The locking element set after passing through the mounting base is a locking nut.

[0044] It is easy to understand that, in order to achieve the movement of the laser projector, reference Figure 5 As shown, the movable vehicle 18 includes a vehicle body with multiple wheels 26 at the bottom. The wheels 26 are lockable. The interior of the vehicle body is hollow to facilitate the storage of the laser projector 23, lifting mechanism 25, and power supply. The lifting mechanism 25 is installed inside the vehicle body. Specifically, the lifting mechanism 25 is a multi-section lifting mechanism, or it can use an existing pneumatic or electric cylinder lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism 25 is connected to the laser projector 23. The laser projector can rotate and swing relative to the top of the lifting mechanism. (See reference...) Figure 6As shown, a connecting column 17 is provided at the top of the lifting mechanism 25. The connecting column 17 is vertically connected to the lifting mechanism. A rotary motor 19 is provided at the end of the connecting column 17. The rotary motor 19 is connected to the support ear 24 through a rotary disk to drive the support ear 24 and the laser projector 23 to rotate. The support ear 24 is connected to the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft passes through the support ear 24 and is set with the connecting ear 21. The connecting ear 21 is T-shaped and is connected to the U-shaped frame 22 of the laser projector 23. The output shaft of the swing motor 20 is connected to the rotating shaft to drive the rotating shaft to swing at a set angle. The angle of the laser projector can be adjusted by the rotary motor 19 and the swing motor 20 so that the laser projector 23 can emit laser towards the surface of the component.

[0045] In addition, the lifting mechanism 25 has a minimum height of about 1400mm and a maximum height of about 3000mm, which is suitable for different projection height requirements. The laser projector can be repositioned in both plane and height directions by means of the vehicle body.

[0046] It should be explained that the laser projector 23 uses an existing laser projector. The laser projector has a laser, and the laser projector 23 emits laser light through the laser. The emitted laser light passes through the lens inside the laser projector, is reflected by the dual galvanometers onto the target ball, is reflected back, is refracted by the lens and enters the camera. Through filtering, photoelectric conversion, grayscale processing, coordinate technology, data output, etc., the coordinates of the target ball are obtained and sent to the control unit.

[0047] The control unit uses an existing computer, which can also be installed inside the body of the movable vehicle 18, so that the entire system is movable. The control unit stores the theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the theoretical coordinates of the part, which is equivalent to determining the fixed positional relationship between the target tooling and the part. Only when the actual coordinates of the target tooling are consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target tooling will the control unit send a command to the laser projector to perform laser projection. The target tooling is placed on the component and fixed in relative position with the component, which plays the role of projection positioning.

[0048] In addition, the computer contains existing projection control software; this software can import various 3D models of steering frames and select model contour boundaries, lines, intersections, midpoints, and arbitrary lengths for laser projection. The projection control software stores the shapes of various parts, and the computer can send these shapes to the laser projector.

[0049] Example 2 This embodiment provides an application of a laser projection positioning system for the installation of component parts, specifically for the positioning of bogie frame parts in rail transit vehicles.

[0050] Example 3 This embodiment provides a laser projection positioning method for bogie frame parts, employing a laser projection positioning system for component installation described in Embodiment 1, including the following: The target fixture is fabricated, supported by an adjustment mechanism, and positioned. The target fixture is then placed on the bogie frame, which positions it accordingly. Move the laser projector 23 to one side of the steering frame; The position of the target tooling is calibrated for the first time: the theoretical positions of the target tooling and the parts at the bogie frame are determined, and the theoretical coordinates of the parts are determined. The theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts are acquired by the laser projector 23, and the laser projector 23 sends the acquired theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts to the control unit for storage. During construction, a target fixture is placed on the bogie frame. After the laser projector 23 obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the mechanism to make the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. After they are consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector 23 and sends the projected shape of the part to the laser projector 23. The laser projector 23 then emits a laser beam of the part shape toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser projection positioning system for component part installation, characterized by, include: Target fixture: The target fixture includes a target bracket with multiple target balls. Both ends of the target bracket are supported by adjustment mechanisms. The adjustment mechanisms are placed on the surface of the component and positioned by the component. The adjustment mechanisms have support columns that position the target bracket. The adjustment mechanisms can move in multiple directions. A laser projector, supported by a movable vehicle, can be moved to the side of a component to emit a laser beam in the shape of the part onto the component. Control Unit: The control unit is supported by a movable vehicle. The laser projector is connected to the control unit. The control unit stores the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture and the theoretical coordinates of the part. After the laser projector obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The adjustment mechanism makes the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. After they are consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector. The laser projector emits a laser beam in the shape of the part toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part. The length of the target bracket is greater than the width of the inner side of the component, and the length of the target bracket is less than the width of the outer side of the component; the target bracket is a right trapezoidal shape, the width of one end of the target bracket is less than or equal to 12cm, and multiple target balls are respectively set on the right-angled side and the hypotenuse of the target bracket. The adjustment mechanism includes the base plate, with a support block at the bottom of the base plate. The support block can be inserted into the air spring hole of the component. Support blocks are respectively provided on both sides of the support block on the base plate. The support blocks are in contact with the upper surface of the component. The bottom of the support block is spherical. The base plate supports the multi-directional adjustment component. The multi-directional adjustment component includes a Y-axis adjustment component, which supports an X-axis adjustment component. The X-axis and Y-axis positions of the component can be effectively adjusted through the X-axis and Y-axis adjustment components. A support column is installed on the top of the X-axis adjustment component via a Z-axis adjustment component. Rotating the support column allows for adjustment of the height of the multi-directional adjustment component.

2. The laser projection positioning system for installing a component part according to claim 1, wherein When the reference of the part and the reference of the target tooling are the same, the theoretical coordinates of the part are obtained through theoretical calculation.

3. The laser projection positioning system for installing a component part according to claim 1, wherein The adjustment mechanism is positioned by the air spring hole of the component and the upper surface of the component; The target bracket has a positioning hole on the side facing the adjustment mechanism, and the top of the support column is conical so that the top of the support column can be inserted into the positioning hole.

4. The laser projection positioning system for installing a component part according to claim 1, wherein The two ends of the target bracket are positioned above the component, and the target balls are spaced apart. One end of the target support is supported by one adjustment mechanism, and the other end of the target support is supported by two adjustment mechanisms. The two adjustment mechanisms at the other end of the target support are supported by the same base plate.

5. The laser projection positioning system for installing a component part according to claim 1, wherein The X-axis adjustment component includes a first pad, which supports and is slidably connected to the X-axis slider. The X-axis slider is connected to the support column. An adjustment component is provided between the first pad and the X-axis slider. The Y-axis adjustment component includes a second pad, which supports and is slidably connected to the Y-axis slider. An adjustment component is also provided between the second pad and the Y-axis slider. The two adjustment components are staggered. The Y-axis slider supports the first pad.

6. The laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting component includes a mounting base, which is fixed to the side of the first pad or the second pad. An adjusting rod passes through the mounting base and is connected to the X-axis slider or the Y-axis slider after passing through the mounting base. A locking element is provided after the adjusting rod passes through the mounting base.

7. The laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile vehicle includes a vehicle body with multiple wheels at the bottom. A lifting mechanism is installed inside the vehicle body and is connected to a laser projector. The laser projector can rotate and swing relative to the top of the lifting mechanism.

8. The laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target ball is inserted into the target bracket. The target ball is a multifaceted sphere, and at least one reflector is provided on the side of the target ball.

9. The application of the laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It is used for positioning bogie frame components in rail transit vehicles.

10. A laser projection positioning method for bogie frame parts, characterized in that, The laser projection positioning system for mounting components and parts according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following: The target fixture is fabricated, supported by an adjustment mechanism, and positioned. The target fixture is then placed on the bogie frame, which positions it accordingly. Move the laser projector to one side of the steering frame; The position of the target tooling is calibrated for the first time: the theoretical positions of the target tooling and the parts at the bogie frame are determined, and the theoretical coordinates of the parts are determined. The theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts are obtained by the laser projector. The laser projector sends the obtained theoretical coordinates of the target tooling and the parts to the control unit, which stores them. During construction, a target fixture is placed on the bogie frame. After the laser projector obtains the actual coordinates of the target fixture, it sends them to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the mechanism to make the actual coordinates of the target fixture consistent with the theoretical coordinates of the target fixture. Once consistent, the control unit sends the theoretical coordinates of the part to the laser projector. The laser projector then emits a laser beam in the shape of the part toward the component according to the theoretical coordinates of the part.

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