A CNC double-column vertical lathe

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of lathe technology, specifically to a CNC double-column vertical lathe, which includes a machine tool, a tool post, a tool changer, and multiple clamping mechanisms. The tool post is used to mount a cutting tool. The tool changer is rotatably mounted on the machine tool and connected to a drive motor, which drives the tool changer to rotate. Multiple clamping mechanisms are distributed circumferentially along the tool changer and mounted on it. Each clamping mechanism is used to clamp a cutting tool, and the tool's peripheral wall has a slot. Each clamping mechanism includes a base, a connecting block, an abutment block, a clamping arm, a limiting component, and an adjusting component. By setting the adjusting component, this invention adjusts the distance between the hinge shaft and the clamping wheel according to the working conditions, thereby reducing the force required for the cutting tool to insert into and remove from the clamping mechanism, and increasing the force required for the cutting tool to detach from the clamping mechanism after clamping. This reduces the wear on the cutting tool and the clamping mechanism during insertion and removal, while improving the accuracy and stability of the clamped cutting tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lathe technology, specifically to a CNC double-column vertical lathe. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry, the requirements for machining accuracy, efficiency, and stability in the heavy equipment manufacturing field are constantly increasing. The double-column vertical lathe, as a heavy industrial machine tool specifically designed for ultra-large disc-ring parts, is one of the core equipment in the heavy machining process of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry. It consists of a column and a crossbeam, forming a "gate" frame capable of easily supporting workpieces weighing hundreds of tons and performing heavy-duty cutting. It uses a CNC system to precisely control the movement of the tool post and is widely used in machining key components such as wind turbine main shafts and nuclear power rotors. Its strong load-bearing capacity and stability make it a cornerstone of the heavy equipment manufacturing industry and a crucial support for promoting the high-end and precision development of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry. Lathes generally use a disc-type tool magazine, which is installed on one side of the machine tool column or inside. During tool changing, the machine tool tool post moves to the designated tool changing point, and the tool is exchanged between the tool magazine and the tool changing robot or the tool post itself, achieving automatic replacement of different cutting tools.

[0003] However, to meet the machining requirements of large workpieces, double-column vertical lathes often use heavy-duty cutting tools. To ensure clamping stability, the tool holder is usually forced to provide extremely high clamping force, which leads to excessive resistance in tool insertion and removal, making operation difficult and aggravating contact wear between the tool and the tool holder, forming a vicious cycle of "wear - increased clamping force - more severe wear". In addition, during the rotation of the tool magazine, the cutting tool is subjected to multiple dynamic loads such as centrifugal force, starting and stopping inertial force, and eccentric oscillation. Traditional clamping methods are prone to causing tool displacement and shaking, resulting in poor clamping stability, safety hazards, and difficulty in meeting the core requirements of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry for high precision and high reliability of machining equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a CNC double-column vertical lathe. This device solves the problems of high difficulty in insertion and removal due to the need to ensure clamping stability, resulting in wear, and the safety hazards caused by tool shaking during rotation in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention provides a CNC double-column vertical lathe with the following technical solution, comprising a machine tool, a tool post, a tool changer, and multiple clamping mechanisms; the tool post is slidably mounted on the machine tool in both horizontal and vertical directions, and is used to mount turning tools; the tool changer is rotatably mounted on the machine tool, and is connected to a drive motor, which drives the tool changer to rotate; multiple clamping mechanisms are distributed circumferentially along the tool changer and mounted on it, and are used to clamp turning tools, with slots provided on the peripheral walls of the turning tools; the clamping mechanisms include:

[0006] The base is fixedly connected to the tool changer disc;

[0007] The connecting block is connected to the base. Both sides of the first direction are provided with guide grooves that run vertically through the base. The guide grooves extend along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. That is, the second direction is parallel to the radial direction of the tool changer and one end is close to the axis of the tool changer, while the other end is far away from the axis of the tool changer.

[0008] The abutment block is slidably installed on the connecting block along the second direction, with the side closer to the tool changer axis being the inner side and the side farther from the tool changer axis being the outer side; the outer end faces of both the connecting block and the abutment block are arc surfaces, and after the abutment block moves a preset distance in the direction of the tool changer axis, the outer end faces of the connecting block and the abutment block are flush; the thickness of the abutment block is consistent with the width of the slot.

[0009] Two clamping arms are provided, respectively located on both sides of the connecting block in the first direction; the clamping arms extend along the second direction and have guide grooves that run vertically through them; the guide grooves coincide with the guide grooves; a clamping wheel is rotatably mounted on the outer end of the clamping arm; a compression spring is connected between the inner end of the clamping arm and the connecting block; a hinge shaft is slidably mounted in the guide grooves and the guide grooves, and in the initial state, the hinge shaft is located at the inner end of the guide groove.

[0010] A limiting component is used to ensure that the clamping arm can only rotate about the hinge axis;

[0011] There are two adjustment components, each corresponding to a different hinge axis. The adjustment components are used to move the hinge axis away from the compression spring when the cutting tool is clamped, and to move the hinge axis closer to the compression spring when the cutting tool is pulled out.

[0012] Optionally, the adjustment assembly includes a rotating shaft and a telescopic rod. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the connecting block, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and the hinge shaft, respectively. A sensing assembly is provided on the base. The sensing assembly is used to cause the telescopic rod to extend when the cutting tool is clamped, and to bring the hinge shaft close to the compression spring when the cutting tool is pulled out.

[0013] Optionally, the sensing assembly includes a sensing plate, a push rod, a connecting tube, and a return spring; a mounting groove is provided in the base, and the abutment block is slidably installed in the mounting groove along the second direction, with its outer end extending out of the base; the sensing plate is slidably installed in the abutment block along the second direction, and the outer end of the sensing plate and the abutment block define a receiving cavity; the push rod extends along the second direction, one end of the push rod abuts against the connecting block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the sensing plate; the return spring is installed in the receiving cavity, and its two ends are respectively connected to the sensing plate and the abutment block; the connecting tube is a flexible tube, with both ends connecting the telescopic rod and the receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity, the connecting tube, and the telescopic rod are filled with hydraulic oil.

[0014] Optionally, the base is provided with a momentary component that causes the return spring to release its elastic force momentarily when the cutting tool begins to be pulled out.

[0015] Optionally, the abutment block can also be slidably installed in the mounting slot in a vertical direction; the instantaneous component includes a movable plate, a clearance slot, a push plate, a telescopic shaft, and an instantaneous spring; the movable plate is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod away from the sensing plate, the clearance slot is opened in the base and communicates with the upper part of the inner end of the mounting slot, when the abutment block moves upward a preset distance, the movable plate is directly facing the clearance slot; the push plate is movably installed in the mounting slot and is located below the movable plate; the two ends of the telescopic shaft are respectively connected to the push plate and the abutment block; the instantaneous spring is fitted into the telescopic shaft, and the two ends of the instantaneous spring abut against the push plate and the abutment block respectively, the instantaneous spring causing the abutment block to tend to move away from the push plate; the clamping wheel is divided into upper and lower half wheels, the two half wheels are movably installed in the clamping arm; an adjusting element is installed in the half wheel to adjust the distance between the two half wheels.

[0016] Optionally, the adjusting element is a disc spring, in which the upper surface of the upper half-wheel and the lower surface of the lower half-wheel abut against the upper and lower end faces of the slot, respectively, in the natural state.

[0017] Optionally, the connecting block is rotatably mounted on the base within a preset angle range, and a counterweight is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting block facing the axis of the tool changer. The mass of the counterweight is greater than the sum of the masses of the two clamping arms, the two clamping wheels, and the cutting tool. The clamping mechanism also includes a buffer assembly, which is used to make the counterweight tend to maintain its initial position.

[0018] Optionally, the buffer assembly includes two buffer springs and two buffer blocks. The two buffer blocks are located on both sides of the counterweight in the first direction. The buffer blocks are fixedly connected to the tool changer. The two buffer springs are located on both sides of the counterweight, with one end connected to the counterweight and the other end connected to the buffer block.

[0019] Optionally, a groove is provided on the clamping arm, and the limiting component includes two limiting blocks, which are fixedly connected to the connecting block. Both limiting blocks are located between the two clamping arms and abut against the two clamping arms respectively. A locking block is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting block facing the clamping arm and is inserted into the groove. In the second direction, the width of the groove is greater than the width of the locking block. The end faces of the groove and the locking block facing the compression spring and the end faces away from the compression spring are both arc-shaped. The end faces of the groove and the locking block facing the compression spring are concentric with the hinge axis when they are far from the limit position of the compression spring, and the end faces of the groove and the locking block away from the compression spring are concentric with the hinge axis when they are close to the limit position of the compression spring.

[0020] Optionally, the machine tool is also equipped with a rotating platform, columns, a crossbeam, and a CNC system; the rotating platform is rotatably mounted on the machine tool for clamping workpieces, and a drive unit is connected to the rotating platform to drive it to rotate; two columns are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotating platform, and fixedly connected to the machine tool; the crossbeam is horizontally arranged between the two columns, and its two ends are slidably connected to the two columns at their respective ends; the tool post is slidably mounted on the crossbeam along its extension direction; the CNC system is used to receive programs and control the movement of the crossbeam, tool post, and rotating platform.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting an adjustment component, this invention adjusts the distance between the hinge shaft and the clamping wheel according to the working conditions, thereby switching the lever ratio of the clamping arm, reducing the force required for the cutting tool to be inserted into and removed from the clamping mechanism, increasing the force required for the cutting tool to be removed from the clamping mechanism after the cutting tool is clamped when the tool changer rotates, reducing the wear on the cutting tool and clamping mechanism during insertion and removal, extending the service life, and improving the accuracy and stability of the cutting tool after clamping.

[0022] Furthermore, this invention, by setting a rotatable connecting block on the base and fixing a counterweight block to the connecting block, enables the clamping mechanism to sensitively respond to tangential inertial forces during acceleration and deceleration. When the tool changer rotates at varying speeds, it automatically induces a change in the contact position between the clamping wheel and the cutting tool, thereby unloading the rapidly increasing local contact stress caused by the tangential inertial force and reducing wear on the cutting tool and clamping wheel during non-uniform motion. Moreover, because the contact position between the clamping arm and the cutting tool changes, the repositioned clamping arm exerts an inward force on the tool, preventing radial wobbling. Simultaneously, most of the force on the tool in the tangential direction acts on the abutment block rather than the clamping wheel, further preventing displacement of the clamping arm on one side due to excessive force, which could cause tool wobbling and eliminate safety hazards.

[0023] Furthermore, by setting an instantaneous component, when the tool moves vertically a preset distance, the hinge shaft instantly moves to a force-saving position, changing the leverage ratio of the clamping arm. This eliminates the need to apply a large force to overcome the spring force at the beginning of the tool removal phase, making the tool removal smoother. Simultaneously, the clamping wheel is divided into upper and lower halves, and the distance between the two halves is adjustable, thereby suppressing tool wobbling and reducing the overturning torque caused by tool instability, further enhancing clamping stability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC double-column vertical lathe according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool changer in a CNC double-column vertical lathe according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a front view of the clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 The present invention relates to a clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure cut at section AA;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point X;

[0031] Figure 7 The present invention relates to a clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure cut at section BB;

[0032] Figure 8 The present invention relates to a clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure cut through the CC section;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view at point Y;

[0034] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the clamping mechanism in a CNC double-column vertical lathe according to the present invention.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 100. Machine tools;

[0037] 200. Knife holder;

[0038] 300. Tool changer; 310. Drive motor;

[0039] 400. Clamping mechanism; 410. Base; 411. Mounting slot; 420. Connecting block; 421. Guide slot; 422. Counterweight; 430. Abutment block; 440. Clamping arm; 441. Guide groove; 442. Clamping wheel; 443. Compression spring; 444. Hinge shaft; 445. Slide groove; 450. Limiting assembly; 451. Limiting block; 452. Locking block; 460. Adjusting assembly; 461. Rotating shaft; 462, telescopic rod; 470, sensing component; 471, sensing plate; 472, push rod; 473, connecting pipe; 474, return spring; 475, receiving cavity; 480, instantaneous component; 481, moving plate; 482, clearance groove; 483, push plate; 484, telescopic shaft; 485, instantaneous spring; 490, buffer component; 491, buffer spring; 492, buffer block;

[0040] 500. Rotating platform;

[0041] 600. Column;

[0042] 700, crossbeam;

[0043] 800. Numerical control system. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a CNC double-column vertical lathe including a machine tool 100, a tool post 200, a tool changer 300, and multiple clamping mechanisms 400; the tool post 200 is slidably mounted on the machine tool 100 along a horizontal first direction and a vertical direction, and is used to mount turning tools; the tool changer 300 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool 100, and is connected to a drive motor 310, which is used to drive the tool changer 300 to rotate; multiple clamping mechanisms 400 are distributed around the tool changer 300 and mounted on the tool changer 300, and are used to clamp turning tools, with slots provided on the peripheral walls of the turning tools; the clamping mechanism 400 includes a base 410, a connecting block 420, an abutment block 430, a clamping arm 440, a limiting component 450, and an adjusting component 460;

[0046] The base 410 is fixedly connected to the tool changer 300;

[0047] The connecting block 420 is connected to the base 410. Both sides of the first direction (covering the circumference of the tool changer 300) are provided with guide grooves 421 that run vertically through the base. The guide grooves 421 extend along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. That is, the second direction is parallel to the radial direction of the tool changer 300, with one end close to the axis of the tool changer 300 and the other end far away from the axis of the tool changer 300.

[0048] The abutment block 430 is slidably mounted on the connecting block 420 along the second direction, with the side closer to the axis of the tool changer 300 designated as the inner side and the side farther from the axis of the tool changer 300 designated as the outer side; the outer end faces of both the connecting block 420 and the abutment block 430 are arc surfaces, and after the abutment block 430 moves a preset distance in the direction of the axis of the tool changer 300, the outer end faces of the connecting block 420 and the abutment block 430 are flush; the thickness of the abutment block 430 is consistent with the width of the slot;

[0049] Two clamping arms 440 are provided, respectively located on both sides of the connecting block 420 in the first direction; the clamping arms 440 extend along the second direction and have a guide groove 441 that runs vertically through them; the guide groove 441 coincides with the guide groove 421; a clamping wheel 442 is rotatably mounted on the outer end of the clamping arm 440; a compression spring 443 is connected between the inner end of the clamping arm 440 and the connecting block 420; a hinge shaft 444 is slidably mounted in the guide groove 441 and the guide groove 421, and in the initial state, the hinge shaft 444 is located at the inner end of the guide groove 421;

[0050] The limiting component 450 is used to ensure that the clamping arm 440 can only rotate about the hinge axis 444;

[0051] There are two adjustment components 460, each corresponding to a hinge axis 444. The adjustment components 460 are used to move the hinge axis 444 away from the compression spring 443 when the cutting tool is clamped, and to move the hinge axis 444 closer to the compression spring 443 when the cutting tool is pulled out.

[0052] When a tool change is required, the tool changer 300 is rotated by the drive motor 310, causing the clamping mechanism 400, which does not hold the cutting tool, to rotate to a preset position. At this time, the axis of the cutting tool and the center of the arc surface of the connecting block 420 and the abutment block 430 are located in the same radial direction of the tool changer 300, and the tool holder 200 is driven to approach the clamping mechanism 400 along this radial direction.

[0053] After the cutting tool moves a preset distance, it comes into contact with the two clamping wheels 442. Before the maximum diameter of the cutting tool contacts the clamping wheels 442, the cutting tool continues to move and applies force to the clamping wheels 442. The two clamping wheels 442 move away from each other. When the two clamping wheels 442 move away from each other, they drive the two clamping arms 440 to rotate around the two hinge shafts 444 respectively. The ends of the two clamping arms 440 that are close to the axis of the tool changer 300 move closer to each other, and the two compression springs 443 are compressed and store force.

[0054] When the axis of the cutting tool passes the clamping wheel 442, the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 decreases, the compression spring 443 releases its elastic force, and the clamping arm 440 rotates around the hinge shaft 444 under the elastic force of the compression spring 443. The ends of the two clamping arms 440 closest to the axis of the tool changer 300 move away from each other, while the two clamping wheels 442 move closer to each other, simultaneously applying clamping forces in the second and first directions to the cutting tool. After the cutting tool continues to move a preset distance, it contacts the abutment block 430 and applies a force pointing towards the axis of the tool changer 300 to the abutment block 430. Subsequently, as the cutting tool moves, the abutment block 430 moves synchronously until the end face of the abutment block 430 that contacts the cutting tool is flush with the end face of the base 410 that is away from the axis of the tool changer 300. At this point, the cutting tool abuts against the base 410. During the above process, the adjusting component 460 moves the hinge shaft 444 away from the compression spring 443.

[0055] Afterwards, the tool holder 200 is released from the cutting tool, and the tool holder 200 is driven to move upward. The drive motor 310 drives the tool changer 300 to rotate, causing the clamping mechanism 400 holding the cutting tool to be used to rotate to a preset position. At this time, the required cutting tool is located directly below the tool holder 200. During the rotation of the tool changer 300, the cutting tool is subjected to centrifugal force and tends to move away from the axis of the tool changer 300. However, at this time, the cutting tool is subjected to the clamping force of the clamping wheel 442. As the distance between the compression spring 443 and the hinge shaft 444 increases, the product of the elastic force of the compression spring 443 and the force arm on this side is large. The distance between the clamping wheel 442 and the hinge shaft 444 decreases. When the cutting tool is released from the clamping wheel 442, the centrifugal force needs to be much greater than the initial state, thereby ensuring the stability of the cutting tool clamping.

[0056] The drive tool holder 200 moves downward, clamps the cutting tool, and moves the tool holder 200 away from the axis of the tool changer 300 in the radial direction. During the movement of the cutting tool, the adjusting component 460 moves the hinge shaft 444 closer to the compression spring 443, shortens the distance between the compression spring 443 and the hinge shaft 444, reduces the product of the elastic force of the compression spring 443 and the force arm on that side, and increases the distance between the clamping wheel 442 and the hinge shaft 444. The force required to pull the cutting tool out of the clamping wheel 442 is reduced, thus making it easier to pull the cutting tool out of the clamping mechanism 400.

[0057] This invention, by setting an adjustment component 460, adjusts the distance between the hinge shaft 444 and the clamping wheel 442 according to the working conditions, thereby switching the leverage ratio of the clamping arm 440, reducing the force required for the cutting tool to insert into and remove from the clamping mechanism 400, increasing the force required for the cutting tool to detach from the clamping mechanism 400 after clamping, reducing the wear on the cutting tool and the clamping mechanism 400 during insertion and removal, extending service life, and improving the accuracy and stability of the cutting tool after clamping.

[0058] In a further embodiment, the adjustment assembly 460 includes a rotating shaft 461 and a telescopic rod 462. The rotating shaft 461 is rotatably mounted on the connecting block 420, and the two ends of the telescopic rod 462 are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 461 and the hinge shaft 444. A sensing assembly 470 is provided on the base 410. The sensing assembly 470 is used to cause the telescopic rod 462 to extend when the cutting tool is clamped, and to cause the hinge shaft 444 to approach the compression spring 443 when the cutting tool is pulled out.

[0059] In a further embodiment, the sensing component 470 includes a sensing plate 471, a push rod 472, a connecting pipe 473, and a return spring 474; a mounting groove 411 is provided in the base 410, and an abutment block 430 is slidably installed in the mounting groove 411 along a second direction, with its outer end extending out of the base 410; the sensing plate 471 is slidably installed in the abutment block 430 along the second direction, and the outer end of the sensing plate 471 and the abutment block 430 define a receiving cavity 475; the push rod 472 extends along the second direction, one end of the push rod 472 abuts against the connecting block 420, and the other end is fixedly connected to the sensing plate 471; the return spring 474 is installed in the receiving cavity 475, and its two ends are respectively connected to the sensing plate 471 and the abutment block 430; the connecting pipe 473 is a flexible hose, with both ends connecting the telescopic rod 462 and the receiving cavity 475, and the receiving cavity 475, the connecting pipe 473, and the telescopic rod 462 are filled with hydraulic oil.

[0060] When clamping the cutting tool, after the cutting tool moves a preset distance along the second direction, it contacts the abutment block 430 and applies a force to the abutment block 430 pointing towards the axis of the tool changer 300. Subsequently, when the cutting tool moves, the abutment block 430 moves synchronously. During the movement of the abutment block 430, the return spring 474 is compressed and stores power, and the volume of the receiving cavity 475 becomes smaller. The hydraulic oil in it enters the telescopic rod 462 through the connecting pipe 473 and causes the telescopic rod 462 to extend. When the telescopic rod 462 extends, it pushes the hinge shaft 444 to slide outward in the guide groove 421, away from the compression spring 443, thereby realizing the switching of the lever ratio of the clamping arm 440 and achieving the purpose of stable clamping.

[0061] When the cutting tool is pulled out of the tool changer 300, the force exerted by the cutting tool on the abutment block 430 decreases, the return spring 474 releases pressure, pushes the abutment block 430 to move outward, the volume of the receiving cavity 475 increases, thereby drawing back the hydraulic oil in the telescopic rod 462, the telescopic rod 462 shortens, and drives the hinge shaft 444 to move inward in the guide groove 421, close to the compression spring 443, thereby realizing the switching of the lever ratio of the clamping arm 440, achieving the purpose of pulling out with less effort.

[0062] In a further embodiment, the base 410 is provided with an instantaneous component 480, which is used to instantaneously release the elastic force of the return spring 474 when the tool is pulled out.

[0063] The abutment block 430 can also be slidably mounted in the mounting groove 411 in a vertical direction; the instantaneous component 480 includes a movable plate 481, a clearance groove 482, a push plate 483, a telescopic shaft 484, and an instantaneous spring 485; the movable plate 481 is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod 472 away from the sensing plate 471, the clearance groove 482 is opened in the base 410 and communicates with the upper part of the inner end of the mounting groove 411, when the abutment block 430 moves upward a preset distance, the movable plate 481 is directly facing the clearance groove 482; the push plate 483 is slidably mounted in the mounting groove 411. A slot 411 is installed below the movable plate 481; the two ends of the telescopic shaft 484 are connected to the push plate 483 and the abutment block 430 respectively; a momentary spring 485 is fitted onto the telescopic shaft 484, and the two ends of the momentary spring 485 abut against the push plate 483 and the abutment block 430 respectively, causing the abutment block 430 to tend to move away from the push plate 483; the clamping wheel 442 is divided into upper and lower halves, which are mounted on the clamping arm 440 in a vertically movable manner; an adjusting element is installed inside the half wheel to adjust the distance between the two halves. The adjusting element is a disc spring, and in its natural state, the upper surface of the upper half wheel and the lower surface of the lower half wheel abut against the upper and lower end faces of the slot respectively.

[0064] In a further embodiment, a movable spring is provided in the mounting groove 411. The two ends of the movable spring are connected to the abutment block 430 and the connecting block 420 respectively. The movable spring causes the abutment block 430 to tend to maintain its initial position. In the initial state, the movable plate 481 is lower than the clearance groove 482 under the action of gravity and the movable spring.

[0065] By setting the instantaneous component 480, when the tool moves vertically a preset distance, the hinge shaft 444 instantly moves to the effort-saving position, changing the leverage ratio of the clamping arm 440. This eliminates the need to apply a large force to overcome the elasticity of the compression spring 443 at the beginning of the tool removal phase, making the tool removal smoother. Simultaneously, the clamping wheel 442 is divided into upper and lower halves, and the distance between the two halves is adjustable, thereby suppressing tool wobbling, reducing the overturning torque caused by tool instability, and further enhancing clamping stability.

[0066] In a further embodiment, the connecting block 420 is rotatably mounted on the base 410 within a preset angle range. A counterweight 422 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting block 420 facing the axis of the tool changer 300. The mass of the counterweight 422 is greater than the sum of the masses of the two clamping arms 440, the two clamping wheels 442, and the cutting tool. The clamping mechanism 400 also includes a buffer assembly 490, which is used to make the counterweight 422 tend to maintain its initial position.

[0067] The buffer assembly 490 includes two buffer springs 491 and two buffer blocks 492. The two buffer blocks 492 are located on both sides of the counterweight block 422 in the first direction. The buffer blocks 492 are fixedly connected to the tool changer 300. The two buffer springs 491 are located on both sides of the counterweight block 422, with one end connected to the counterweight block 422 and the other end connected to the buffer block 492.

[0068] During a single tool change, there are three stages: accelerated rotation, uniform rotation, and decelerated rotation of the tool changer 300. When the tool changer 300 rotates at a uniform speed, the centrifugal force of the cutting tool and the counterweight 422 is much greater than the inertial force. At this time, the buffer assembly 490 keeps the counterweight 422 in its initial position. The tangential force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping arm 440 is small, and the tangential force exerted by the cutting tool on the two clamping wheels 442 is also small. During this stage, the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheels 442 is minimal, and the wear of the two clamping wheels 442 is the same.

[0069] When the tool changer 300 accelerates its rotation, the inertial force of the cutting tool towards the rear of the rotation direction is much greater than the centrifugal force. Under the action of inertia, the counterweight 422 drives the connecting block 420 to rotate. The connecting block 420 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the tool changer 300. The connecting block 420 drives the clamping arm 440 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the clamping wheel 442 to rotate. The line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is no longer parallel to the tangent of the rotation. At this time, the cutting tool is subjected to the force of the abutment block 430 and the connecting block 420. The position of the cutting tool relative to the tool changer 300 remains unchanged, but the contact position between the clamping wheel 442 and the cutting tool changes. The clamping degree of the two clamping wheels 442 on the cutting tool remains unchanged. However, at this time, the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 on the rear side of the rotation direction is less than the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 when the line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is parallel to the tangent direction of rotation. This reduces the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheel 442 located on the rear side of the rotation direction during accelerated rotation.

[0070] When the tool changer 300 decelerates and rotates, the counterweight 422 drives the connecting block 420 to rotate under the action of inertia. The connecting block 420 rotates to the front side of the tool changer 300's rotation direction. The connecting block 420 drives the clamping wheel 442 to rotate through the clamping arm 440. The contact position between the clamping wheel 442 and the cutting tool changes. At this time, the normal force applied by the cutting tool to the clamping wheel 442 on the front side of the rotation direction is less than the normal force applied by the cutting tool to the clamping wheel 442 when the line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is parallel to the tangent direction of rotation. This reduces the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheel 442 located on the front side of the rotation direction during the deceleration and rotation process.

[0071] During the two stages of non-uniform rotation, the contact position between the clamping arm 440 and the cutting tool changes. The clamping arm 440, after changing position, will exert an inward force on the cutting tool to prevent the cutting tool from shaking in the radial direction. At the same time, most of the force on the cutting tool in the tangential direction is applied to the abutment block 430 rather than the clamping wheel 442, further preventing the cutting tool from shaking due to excessive force on one side of the clamping arm 440, thus eliminating safety hazards.

[0072] This invention provides a rotatable connecting block 420 on the base 410 and a counterweight 422 fixedly connected to the connecting block 420. This allows the clamping mechanism 400 to respond sensitively to tangential inertial forces during acceleration and deceleration. When the tool changer 300 rotates at different speeds, it automatically induces a change in the contact position between the clamping wheel 442 and the cutting tool to unload the local contact stress that increases sharply due to tangential inertial forces. This improves the stability of the cutting tool during the non-uniform motion phase of the tool changer 300 and reduces the wear on the cutting tool and the clamping wheel 442 during the non-uniform rotation of the tool changer 300.

[0073] In a further embodiment, the clamping arm 440 is provided with a sliding groove 445, and the limiting component 450 includes two limiting blocks 451, which are fixedly connected to the connecting block 420. Both limiting blocks 451 are located between the two clamping arms 440 and abut against each of the two clamping arms 440 respectively. A locking block 452 is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting block 451 facing the clamping arm 440, and the locking block 452 is inserted into the sliding groove 445. In the second direction... The width of the slide 445 is greater than the width of the locking block 452; the end faces of the slide 445 and the locking block 452 facing the compression spring 443 and away from the compression spring 443 are both arc-shaped; the end faces of the slide 445 and the locking block 452 facing the compression spring 443 are concentric with the hinge shaft 444 when it is located far from the limit position of the compression spring 443, and the end faces of the slide 445 and the locking block 452 away from the compression spring 443 are concentric with the hinge shaft 444 when it is located close to the limit position of the compression spring 443.

[0074] In a further embodiment, the machine tool 100 is also equipped with a rotating platform 500, a column 600, a crossbeam 700, and a CNC system 800. The rotating platform 500 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool 100 for clamping workpieces. The rotating platform 500 is connected to a driving component, which drives the rotating platform 500 to rotate. Two columns 600 are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotating platform 500, and fixedly connected to the machine tool 100. The crossbeam 700 is horizontally arranged between the two columns 600, and its two ends are slidably connected to the two columns 600 at both ends. The tool holder 200 is slidably mounted on the crossbeam 700 along the extension direction of the crossbeam 700. The CNC system 800 is used to receive programs and control the movement of the crossbeam 700, the tool holder 200, and the rotating platform 500.

[0075] Work process:

[0076] When a tool needs to be changed during use, the tool changer 300 is rotated by the drive motor 310, causing the clamping mechanism 400, which does not hold the cutting tool, to rotate to a preset position. At this time, the axis of the cutting tool and the center of the arc surface of the connecting block 420 and the abutment block 430 are located in the same radial direction of the tool changer 300, and the tool holder 200 is driven to approach the clamping assembly along this radial direction.

[0077] After the cutting tool moves a preset distance, it comes into contact with the two clamping wheels 442. Before the maximum diameter of the cutting tool contacts the clamping wheels 442, the cutting tool continues to move and applies force to the clamping wheels 442. The two clamping wheels 442 move away from each other. When the two clamping wheels 442 move away from each other, they drive the two clamping arms 440 to rotate around the two hinge shafts 444 respectively. The ends of the two clamping arms 440 that are close to the axis of the tool changer 300 move closer to each other, and the two compression springs 443 are compressed and store force.

[0078] When the axis of the cutting tool passes the clamping wheel 442, the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 decreases, the compression spring 443 releases its elastic force, and the clamping arm 440 rotates around the hinge axis 444 under the elastic force of the compression spring 443. The ends of the two clamping arms 440 closest to the axis of the tool changer 300 move away from each other, while the two clamping wheels 442 move closer to each other, applying a clamping force to the cutting tool and simultaneously applying a force to the cutting tool pointing towards the axis of the tool changer 300. After the cutting tool continues to move a preset distance, the cutting tool contacts the abutment block 430 and applies a force to the abutment block 430 pointing towards the axis of the tool changer 300. Subsequently, as the cutting tool moves, the abutment block 430 moves synchronously until the end face of the abutment block 430 that contacts the cutting tool is flush with the end face of the base 410 that is away from the axis of the tool changer 300. At this point, the cutting tool abuts against the base 410. During the above process, when the abutment block 430 moves, the return spring 474 and the instantaneous spring 485 are compressed and stored, the telescopic shaft 484 shortens, the volume of the receiving cavity 475 becomes smaller, and the hydraulic oil in it enters the telescopic rod 462 through the connecting pipe 473, causing the telescopic rod 462 to extend. When the telescopic rod 462 extends, it pushes the hinge shaft 444 to slide outward in the slide groove 445, away from the compression spring 443, thereby changing the leverage ratio of the clamping arm 440.

[0079] Then, the tool holder 200 is released from the cutting tool, and the tool holder 200 is driven to move upward. The drive motor 310 drives the tool changer 300 to rotate, so that the clamping mechanism holding the cutting tool to be used rotates to the preset position. At this time, the required cutting tool is located directly below the tool holder 200.

[0080] During the rotation of the tool changer 300, there are three stages: accelerated rotation, uniform rotation, and decelerated rotation.

[0081] When the tool changer 300 accelerates its rotation, the inertial force of the cutting tool towards the rear of the rotation direction is much greater than the centrifugal force. Under the action of inertia, the counterweight 422 drives the connecting block 420 to rotate. The connecting block 420 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the tool changer 300. The connecting block 420 drives the clamping arm 440 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the clamping wheel 442 to rotate. The line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is no longer parallel to the tangent of the rotation. At this time, the cutting tool is subjected to the force of the abutment block 430 and the connecting block 420. The position of the cutting tool relative to the tool changer 300 remains unchanged, but the contact position between the clamping wheel 442 and the cutting tool changes. The clamping degree of the two clamping wheels 442 on the cutting tool remains unchanged. However, at this time, the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 on the rear side of the rotation direction is less than the force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping wheel 442 when the line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is parallel to the tangent direction of rotation. This reduces the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheel 442 located on the rear side of the rotation direction during accelerated rotation.

[0082] When the tool changer 300 rotates at a constant speed, the centrifugal force of the cutting tool and the counterweight 422 is much greater than the inertial force. At this time, the buffer assembly 490 keeps the counterweight 422 in its initial position. The tangential force exerted by the cutting tool on the clamping arm 440 is small, and the tangential force exerted by the cutting tool on the two clamping wheels 442 is also small. During this stage, the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheels 442 is minimal, and the wear of the two clamping wheels 442 is the same.

[0083] When the tool changer 300 decelerates and rotates, the counterweight 422 drives the connecting block 420 to rotate under the action of inertia. The connecting block 420 rotates to the front side of the tool changer 300's rotation direction. The connecting block 420 drives the clamping wheel 442 to rotate through the clamping arm 440. The contact position between the clamping wheel 442 and the cutting tool changes. At this time, the normal force applied by the cutting tool to the clamping wheel 442 on the front side of the rotation direction is less than the normal force applied by the cutting tool to the clamping wheel 442 when the line connecting the two clamping wheels 442 is parallel to the tangent direction of rotation. This reduces the wear of the cutting tool and the clamping wheel 442 located on the front side of the rotation direction during the deceleration and rotation process.

[0084] During the two stages of non-uniform rotation, the contact position between the clamping arm 440 and the cutting tool changes. The clamping arm 440, after changing position, will exert an inward force on the cutting tool to prevent the cutting tool from shaking in the radial direction. At the same time, most of the force on the cutting tool in the tangential direction is applied to the abutment block 430 rather than the clamping wheel 442, further preventing the cutting tool from shaking due to displacement of the clamping arm 440 on one side caused by excessive force.

[0085] Subsequently, the CNC system 800 drives the tool post 200 to move vertically downwards, and the tool slot of the tool post 200 precisely aligns and clamps with the tool holder of the lathe tool; after the tool post 200 completes the clamping action of the lathe tool, the tool post 200 drives the lathe tool to move vertically upwards a preset distance, and then drives the lathe tool to move horizontally away from the abutment block 430. When the lathe tool disengages from the abutment block 430, the tool changing action is completed.

[0086] When the cutting tool moves vertically upward, the cutting tool drives the abutment block 430 to move synchronously, and the lower half-wheel moves upward, compressing and storing force in its disc spring. The upper disc spring releases its elasticity, causing the upper half-wheel to move upward to clamp the cutting tool. When the abutment block 430 moves upward, it drives the moving plate 481, the push plate 483, the telescopic shaft 484, the return spring 474, the instantaneous spring 485, and the sensing plate 471 to move upward synchronously. After the moving plate 481 moves a preset distance, it faces the clearance groove 482. The return spring 474 is released instantaneously, causing the moving plate 481 to move in the clearance groove 482. The volume of the receiving cavity 475 increases, drawing back the hydraulic oil in the telescopic rod 462. The telescopic rod 462 shortens, causing the hinge shaft 444 to move inward in the slide groove 445, approaching the compression spring 443, thereby realizing the switching of the lever ratio of the clamping arm 440 and achieving the purpose of pulling out with less effort. At this point, the abutment block 430 is blocked by the cutting tool, and the instantaneous spring 485 cannot be released and remains compressed. Then, the cutting tool is driven away from the abutment block 430, and the instantaneous spring 485 releases its elastic force, causing the abutment block 430 to move outward. When the abutment block 430 has moved a preset distance, the moving plate 481 moves from the clearance groove 482 into the mounting groove 411, and moves downward under the action of gravity (or the action of the moving spring), returning to its initial state. The tool change is complete.

[0087] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC double-column vertical lathe, characterized in that, The system includes a machine tool, a tool post, a tool changer, and multiple clamping mechanisms. The tool post is slidably mounted on the machine tool in both horizontal and vertical directions and is used to mount turning tools. The tool changer is rotatably mounted on the machine tool and connected to a drive motor, which drives the tool changer to rotate. Multiple clamping mechanisms are distributed circumferentially around the tool changer and mounted on it. These clamping mechanisms are used to clamp turning tools, and the turning tools have slots on their peripheral walls. The clamping mechanisms include: The base is fixedly connected to the tool changer disc; The connecting block is connected to the base. Both sides of the first direction are provided with guide grooves that run vertically through the base. The guide grooves extend along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. That is, the second direction is parallel to the radial direction of the tool changer and one end is close to the axis of the tool changer, while the other end is far away from the axis of the tool changer. The abutment block is slidably installed on the connecting block along the second direction, with the side closer to the tool changer axis being the inner side and the side farther from the tool changer axis being the outer side; the outer end faces of both the connecting block and the abutment block are arc surfaces, and after the abutment block moves a preset distance in the direction of the tool changer axis, the outer end faces of the connecting block and the abutment block are flush; the thickness of the abutment block is consistent with the width of the slot. Two clamping arms are provided, respectively located on both sides of the connecting block in the first direction; the clamping arms extend along the second direction and have guide grooves that run vertically through them; the guide grooves coincide with the guide grooves; a clamping wheel is rotatably mounted on the outer end of the clamping arm; a compression spring is connected between the inner end of the clamping arm and the connecting block; a hinge shaft is slidably mounted in the guide grooves and the guide grooves, and in the initial state, the hinge shaft is located at the inner end of the guide groove. A limiting component is used to ensure that the clamping arm can only rotate about the hinge axis; There are two adjustment components, each corresponding to a different hinge axis. The adjustment components are used to move the hinge axis away from the compression spring when the cutting tool is clamped, and to move the hinge axis closer to the compression spring when the cutting tool is pulled out.

2. The CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly includes a rotating shaft and a telescopic rod. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the connecting block, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and the hinge shaft, respectively. A sensing assembly is provided on the base. The sensing assembly is used to cause the telescopic rod to extend when the cutting tool is clamped, and to bring the hinge shaft close to the compression spring when the cutting tool is pulled out.

3. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensing assembly includes a sensing plate, a push rod, a connecting tube, and a return spring. A mounting groove is provided in the base, and a stop block is slidably installed in the mounting groove along a second direction, with its outer end extending out of the base. The sensing plate is slidably installed within the stop block along the second direction, and the outer end of the sensing plate and the stop block define a receiving cavity. The push rod extends along the second direction, with one end abutting against the connecting block and the other end fixedly connected to the sensing plate. The return spring is installed in the receiving cavity, with both ends connected to the sensing plate and the stop block, respectively. The connecting tube is a flexible hose, with both ends connecting the telescopic rod and the receiving cavity. The receiving cavity, connecting tube, and telescopic rod are filled with hydraulic oil.

4. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base is equipped with a momentary component that causes the return spring to release its elastic force momentarily when the cutting tool is first pulled out.

5. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The abutment block can also be slidably installed in the mounting slot in the vertical direction; the instantaneous component includes a moving plate, a clearance slot, a push plate, a telescopic shaft, and an instantaneous spring; the moving plate is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod away from the sensing plate, the clearance slot is opened in the base and communicates with the upper part of the inner end of the mounting slot, when the abutment block moves upward a preset distance, the moving plate is directly facing the clearance slot; the push plate is movably installed in the mounting slot and is located below the moving plate; the two ends of the telescopic shaft are respectively connected to the push plate and the abutment block; the instantaneous spring is fitted into the telescopic shaft, and the two ends of the instantaneous spring abut against the push plate and the abutment block respectively, the instantaneous spring causing the abutment block to tend to move away from the push plate; the clamping wheel is divided into upper and lower half wheels, the two half wheels are movably installed in the clamping arm; an adjusting component is installed in the half wheel to adjust the distance between the two half wheels.

6. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjusting component is a disc spring. In its natural state, the upper surface of the upper half-wheel and the lower surface of the lower half-wheel abut against the upper and lower end faces of the slot, respectively.

7. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting block is rotatably mounted on the base within a preset angle range. A counterweight is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting block facing the axis of the tool changer. The mass of the counterweight is greater than the sum of the masses of the two clamping arms, the two clamping wheels, and the cutting tool. The clamping mechanism also includes a buffer assembly, which is used to make the counterweight tend to maintain its initial position.

8. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The buffer assembly includes two buffer springs and two buffer blocks. The two buffer blocks are located on both sides of the counterweight in the first direction. The buffer blocks are fixedly connected to the tool changer. The two buffer springs are located on both sides of the counterweight, with one end connected to the counterweight and the other end connected to the buffer block.

9. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping arm has a sliding groove. The limiting component includes two limiting blocks, which are fixedly connected to the connecting block. Both limiting blocks are located between the two clamping arms and abut against the two clamping arms respectively. A locking block is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting block facing the clamping arm and is inserted into the sliding groove. In the second direction, the width of the sliding groove is greater than the width of the locking block. The end faces of the sliding groove and the locking block facing the compression spring and the end faces away from the compression spring are both arc-shaped. The end faces of the sliding groove and the locking block facing the compression spring are concentric with the hinge axis when they are far from the compression spring's limit position, and the end faces of the sliding groove and the locking block away from the compression spring are concentric with the hinge axis when they are close to the compression spring's limit position.

10. A CNC double-column vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine tool is also equipped with a rotating platform, columns, a crossbeam, and a CNC system. The rotating platform is rotatably mounted on the machine tool for clamping workpieces. The rotating platform is connected to a drive unit, which drives the rotating platform to rotate. Two columns are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotating platform and fixedly connected to the machine tool. The crossbeam is horizontally arranged between the two columns, with its two ends slidably connected to the two columns. The tool post is slidably mounted on the crossbeam along its extension direction. The CNC system is used to receive programs and control the movement of the crossbeam, tool post, and rotating platform.

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