Mine landslide multi-view angle acoustic wave detection equipment and system

Abstract

The application discloses a mine landslide multi-view angle sound wave detection equipment and system, and relates to the technical field of mine landslide detection equipment.The outer side of the outer sleeve is fixedly provided with a spiral plate, one end of the spiral plate away from the outer sleeve is upwardly bent, the spiral plate is uniformly arranged on the outer side of the outer sleeve in the axial direction, and the outer side of the outer sleeve is fixedly provided with a partition ring.The mine landslide multi-view angle sound wave detection equipment and system are characterized in that: when the hole filling gap is installed, the hole sealing treatment is performed, the backfilled soil is segmented and blocked by the partition ring, meanwhile, the upward bending of the spiral plate away from the outer sleeve side fixes the part of the soil backfilled, a connection is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole, the gap between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole is prevented, and when the wave is accepted, the wave is blocked due to the gap, the acceptance of the seismic wave is affected, and the detection data is affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine landslide detection equipment technology, specifically to a multi-view acoustic detection equipment and system for mine landslides. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides are natural phenomena where rock and soil masses on a slope slide downwards, either as a whole or in scattered areas, along certain weak surfaces or zones under the influence of gravity. They are primarily related to slope geology and strata. As a hidden geological hazard, mine landslides severely impact the efficient and safe extraction of resources. The causes of mine landslides are twofold: firstly, geologically, the rock mass is composed of various types of rocks, containing various structural planes that affect the stability of the slope; secondly, stratigraphically, slope rock masses are often not homogeneous but rather consist of alternating layers of soft and hard rock with varying strengths. The core issue lies in the lithological combination and occurrence of these strata. Based on the shape and spatial relationship with the slope, mine landslide detection equipment can be divided into several categories, such as surface monitoring, deep displacement monitoring, and environmental collaborative monitoring. It covers various types, including contact and non-contact types, and can capture abnormal signals such as slope deformation, stress, and environmental factors in an all-round way, providing data support for landslide early warning. However, when existing detection equipment is used for detection, it usually adopts the method of drilling holes. Installation holes are drilled at the landslide detection location, and then the sensor is inserted into the hole for detection. However, there may be voids and gaps between the inner wall of the hole and the sensor housing. These voids and gaps will block the transmission of waves, resulting in errors in the collected wave data.

[0003] Current landslide detection mainly relies on VSP (Video Spatial Probe) technology. VSP technology uses downhole geophone arrays to deploy seismic sources on the surface for excitation. By picking up the first arrival time of the direct wave, tomographic imaging technology is used to invert the physical properties of the medium between the surface and the borehole. It was first applied in the field of oil and gas exploration. Due to its high inversion accuracy and convenient construction, it has been introduced into the field of geotechnical exploration. However, VSP technology is limited by the geophone spacing and length, resulting in insufficient wavefield perception and strong noise interference. In particular, the imaging accuracy of small-scale landslide surfaces is insufficient, which makes it easy to miss or misjudge large-scale landslides caused by the connection of multiple small-scale landslide surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a multi-view acoustic detection device for mine landslides, comprising:

[0005] The fiber optic sensing component and the distributed sensing component are provided. The distributed sensing component is equipped with a WiFi signal transmitter on its top. The fiber optic sensing component is connected to a fiber optic vibration monitoring host via an optical cable.

[0006] The data synchronization module and the excitation source are described. The excitation source is a vibration wave generator. The data synchronization module consists of a synchronization trigger component and a data cache component. The synchronization trigger component is connected to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host and the excitation source via cables. The data cache component is connected to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host and the WiFi signal generator via two paths.

[0007] A high-performance host processor, which is connected to a data synchronization module via a cable;

[0008] The fiber optic sensing assembly includes an outer sleeve. A sealing sleeve is fixedly installed on the top of the outer sleeve, and a spiral plate is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve. The end of the spiral plate away from the outer sleeve bends upward. Through the spiral bending of the spiral plate, in conjunction with the separation of the partition ring, during the sealing treatment of the filling hole gap, the backfilled soil is blocked in segments by the partition ring. At the same time, the upward bending of the spiral plate on the side away from the outer sleeve fixes part of the backfilled soil, forming a connection between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole. This prevents gaps between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole from obstructing the reception of vibrations, which would affect the reception of vibrations from the seismic source. The spiral plates are evenly installed axially on the outside of the outer sleeve, and a separator ring is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer sleeve. When it rains, rainwater enters the gap between the hole and the outer sleeve and seeps downward at the gap. During the flow, it carries the backfilled soil. At this time, the spiral shape of the spiral plates supports the bottom of the backfilled soil and guides the seeping rainwater, making the rainwater spiral downward and changing the vertical downward flow path of the rainwater. This prevents the backfilled soil from being carried downward by the rainwater, which would cause a void to appear in the upper gap between the outer sleeve and the hole. The separator ring is located between the spiral plates.

[0009] A bottom end cap is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer sleeve. The bottom of the bottom end cap is a raised spherical surface. An inner partition is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve. A corrugated cylinder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner partition. The inner wall of the corrugated cylinder has convex rings evenly arranged along the axial direction. The convex rings evenly arranged on the inner wall of the corrugated cylinder contact the armor cylinder of the outer layer of the optical fiber to form a uniform contact point. When receiving fluctuations, the fluctuations at each position are transmitted to the optical fiber through the contact between the convex rings and the armor cylinder, ensuring the uniformity of the optical fiber detection point. The armor cylinder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner partition, and the outer side of the armor cylinder is fitted with the convex rings of the corrugated cylinder. The optical fiber is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the armor cylinder.

[0010] The distributed sensing component includes a mounting plate with a circular groove at the center of its top. A distributed sensor is fixedly installed in the groove, and the top of the distributed sensor is electrically connected to a WiFi signal transmitter. Screw holes are provided at the corners of the top of the mounting plate, and studs are threaded into these holes. A ball head is provided at the bottom of the stud, and a rotating head is fixedly installed at the top. A spike is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the stud via the ball head. The spike's protrusion, combined with the ball head at the bottom of the stud, allows for rotational connection. Even after the spike is inserted into the surface soil, the screw and spike can still rotate, facilitating adjustment of the horizontal angle between the mounting plate and the distributed sensor, ensuring the distributed sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The insertion of the spike into the soil also improves the connection and fixation between the spike and the soil, preventing slippage during detection. The bottom of the spike has a protruding spike.

[0011] A multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides includes: a detection excitation module, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module;

[0012] The detection excitation module generates controllable signals through mechanical vibration or pulse signals through explosion, providing signals for the data acquisition module to acquire data.

[0013] The data acquisition module acquires the signals generated by the detection excitation module and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module in the form of electrical signals.

[0014] The data processing module is used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition module.

[0015] The data acquisition module includes a distributed sensing component and a fiber optic sensing component;

[0016] The distributed sensing component is installed on the ground surface and is used to receive direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave signals.

[0017] The fiber optic sensing component is installed inside a borehole drilled into the landslide, and converts the optical signal into a vibration signal by interpreting the scattered Rayleigh waves.

[0018] The data processing module includes: a data adjustment unit, a data synchronization unit, a noise reduction unit, a wavefield separation unit, and an imaging unit;

[0019] The data adjustment unit adjusts the data collected by the distributed sensing component and the fiber optic sensing component. Since there are differences between the two data, the data adjustment unit uses amplitude compensation and phase correction methods to adjust the data.

[0020] The data synchronization unit determines that the data of the distributed sensing component is the reference data and the data of the fiber optic sensing component is the data to be synchronized. In the overlapping area of ​​the two data volumes or near the common feature points, a time window of signal is extracted as the reference channel and the target channel, and the cross-correlation function is calculated.

[0021] The noise reduction processing unit performs noise reduction processing on the acquired wave field information to remove environmental interference information from the wave field.

[0022] The wavefield separation unit performs forward modeling on the collected denoised wavefield information. Different wavefields show different results in the forward modeling, thus separating the wavefields.

[0023] The imaging unit processes the separated wavefield data. Based on the advantages of high imaging accuracy and wide imaging range of transmitted waves, it uses a deep learning network to construct the relationship between reflected and transmitted waves. The overlapping area of ​​shallow reflected and transmitted waves is used as a sample for supervised learning to achieve virtual wavefield transformation from deep reflected wave imaging to transmitted wave imaging.

[0024] The data conditioning unit calculates the root mean square amplitude value during the stable period from the data of the distributed sensing component and the data of the fiber optic sensing component, and calculates the scalar gain factor. The formula for calculating the scalar gain factor is:

[0025] Gain = RMS_A / RMS_B;

[0026] In the formula, Gain is the scalar gain factor, RMS_A is the root mean square amplitude of the data of the distributed sensing component, and RMS_B is the root mean square amplitude of the data of the fiber optic sensing component.

[0027] Finally, the data amplitude of the fiber optic sensing component is multiplied by Gain to make its overall level comparable to that of the distributed sensing component.

[0028] The cross-correlation function of the data synchronization unit is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] R_AB(τ)=Σ[A(t)*B(t+τ)];

[0030] In the formula, R_AB(τ) is the cross-correlation function, τ is the time delay, A is the data of the distributed sensing component, B is the data of the fiber optic sensing component, and t is the discrete time point;

[0031] Find the point where the cross-correlation function R_AB(τ) reaches its maximum value, and the corresponding delay. It refers to the time difference between two signals. After calculating the time difference, the data of the distributed sensing components is time-shifted to achieve synchronization between the two data.

[0032] The denoising unit uses sparse dictionary learning and Radon transform to achieve denoising. The model formula for the wavelet-based neural network is as follows:

[0033] min{D,X}[||YD*X||_F^2+λ*||X||_0];

[0034] Y is the original data containing noise, D is the complete dictionary matrix, X is the sparse coefficient matrix, F is the Frobenius norm, and λ is the regularization parameter, which is a scalar greater than zero.

[0035] The wavefield separation unit performs forward modeling on the collected wavefield information. Different wavefields show different results in the forward modeling. Wavefield separation is achieved using the wave equation, which is:

[0036] = ;

[0037] In the formula, P(x) represents the pressure field, v(x) represents the wave velocity, which is a function of spatial location, i.e., the terrain model velocity, and s(x,t) represents the source function.

[0038] This invention provides a multi-view acoustic detection equipment for mine landslides. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (I) The multi-angle acoustic detection equipment for mine landslides uses the spiral bending of the spiral plate, combined with the separation of the separator ring, to block the backfilled soil in segments when sealing the gaps in the filling holes. At the same time, the upward bending of the spiral plate away from the outer sleeve fixes part of the backfilled soil and forms a connection in the gap between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole. This prevents the gap between the outer sleeve and the inner wall of the hole from being blocked when receiving vibrations, which would affect the reception of vibration sources and the detection data. This also prevents data acquisition errors caused by gaps from affecting the final data processing results.

[0040] (II) The multi-angle acoustic detection equipment for landslides in this mine utilizes the following: When rainwater enters the gap between the hole and the outer sleeve during rainy weather, it seeps downwards at the gap. During the flow, it carries the backfilled soil. At this time, the spiral shape of the spiral plate supports the bottom of the backfilled soil and guides the seeping rainwater, causing the rainwater to flow downwards in a spiral. This changes the path of the rainwater's vertical downward flow and prevents the backfilled soil from being carried downwards by the rainwater, which could lead to voids in the upper gap between the outer sleeve and the hole.

[0041] (III) The multi-angle acoustic wave detection equipment for landslides in this mine forms uniform contact points by the convex rings evenly arranged on the inner wall of the corrugated pipe and the armored cylinder of the outer layer of the optical fiber. When receiving fluctuations, the fluctuations at each position are transmitted to the optical fiber through the contact between the convex rings and the armored cylinder, ensuring the uniformity of the optical fiber detection points.

[0042] (iv) The multi-angle acoustic detection equipment for mine landslides uses the protrusion of the spike foot, which is connected to the ball head at the bottom of the stud for rotation. After the spike foot is inserted into the surface soil, the screw and the spike foot can still rotate at an angle, which is convenient to adjust the horizontal angle between the mounting plate and the distributed sensor, so that the distributed sensor is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. At the same time, after the spike foot is inserted into the soil, it can improve the connection and fixation effect with the soil and prevent slippage during detection. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distributed sensing component of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber optic sensing component of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 5 An enlarged schematic diagram of structure A;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the fiber optic sensing component of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of structure B;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the fiber optic sensing component of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-view acoustic wave detection equipment and system for mine landslides of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a wavefield imaging diagram of the present invention.

[0053] In the diagram: 1. Fiber optic sensing component; 2. Distributed sensing component; 3. Excitation source; 4. Data synchronization module; 5. High-performance host processor; 6. Fiber optic vibration monitoring host; 7. WiFi signal transmitter; 11. Outer sleeve; 12. Separator ring; 13. Bottom end cap; 14. Spiral plate; 15. Sealing sleeve; 16. Armored cylinder; 17. Corrugated cylinder; 18. Inner partition cylinder; 19. Fiber optic cable; 41. Synchronization triggering component; 42. Data buffer component; 21. Card holder plate; 22. Stud; 23. Distributed sensor; 24. Spike foot; 25. Rotating head. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] For the first embodiment, please refer to... Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0056] A multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides includes: a detection excitation module, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module;

[0057] The detection excitation module generates controllable signals through mechanical vibration or pulse signals through explosion, providing signals for the data acquisition module to acquire data.

[0058] The data acquisition module acquires the signals generated by the detection excitation module and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module in the form of electrical signals.

[0059] The data processing module is used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition module.

[0060] The data acquisition module includes a distributed sensing component and a fiber optic sensing component;

[0061] The distributed sensing component is installed on the ground surface and is used to receive direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave signals.

[0062] The fiber optic sensing component is installed inside a borehole drilled into the landslide, and converts the optical signal into a vibration signal by interpreting the scattered Rayleigh waves.

[0063] The data processing module includes: a data adjustment unit, a data synchronization unit, a noise reduction unit, a wavefield separation unit, and an imaging unit;

[0064] The data adjustment unit adjusts the data collected by the distributed sensing component and the fiber optic sensing component. Since there are differences between the two data, the data adjustment unit uses amplitude compensation and phase correction methods to adjust the data.

[0065] The data synchronization unit determines that the data of the distributed sensing component is the reference data and the data of the fiber optic sensing component is the data to be synchronized. In the overlapping area of ​​the two data volumes or near the common feature points, a time window of signal is extracted as the reference channel and the target channel, and the cross-correlation function is calculated.

[0066] The noise reduction processing unit performs noise reduction processing on the acquired wave field information to remove environmental interference information from the wave field.

[0067] The wavefield separation unit performs forward modeling on the collected denoised wavefield information. Different wavefields show different results in the forward modeling, thus separating the wavefields.

[0068] The imaging unit processes the separated wavefield data. Based on the advantages of high imaging accuracy and wide imaging range of transmitted waves, it uses a deep learning network to construct the relationship between reflected and transmitted waves. The overlapping area of ​​shallow reflected and transmitted waves is used as a sample for supervised learning to achieve virtual wavefield transformation from deep reflected wave imaging to transmitted wave imaging.

[0069] The data conditioning unit calculates the root mean square amplitude value during the stable period from the data of the distributed sensing component and the data of the fiber optic sensing component, and calculates the scalar gain factor. The formula for calculating the scalar gain factor is:

[0070] Gain = RMS_A / RMS_B;

[0071] In the formula, Gain is the scalar gain factor, RMS_A is the root mean square amplitude of the data of the distributed sensing component, and RMS_B is the root mean square amplitude of the data of the fiber optic sensing component.

[0072] Finally, the data amplitude of the fiber optic sensing component is multiplied by Gain to make its overall level comparable to that of the distributed sensing component.

[0073] The cross-correlation function of the data synchronization unit is calculated using the following formula:

[0074] R_AB(τ)=Σ[A(t)*B(t+τ)];

[0075] In the formula, R_AB(τ) is the cross-correlation function, τ is the time delay, A is the data of the distributed sensing component, B is the data of the fiber optic sensing component, and t is the discrete time point;

[0076] Find the point where the cross-correlation function R_AB(τ) reaches its maximum value, and the corresponding delay. It refers to the time difference between two signals. After calculating the time difference, the data of the distributed sensing components is time-shifted to achieve synchronization between the two data.

[0077] The denoising unit uses sparse dictionary learning and Radon transform to achieve denoising. The model formula for the wavelet-based neural network is as follows:

[0078] min{D,X}[||YD*X||_F^2+λ*||X||_0];

[0079] In the formula, Y is the original data containing noise, D is the complete dictionary matrix, X is the sparse coefficient matrix, F is the Frobenius norm, and λ is the regularization parameter, which is a scalar greater than zero.

[0080] The wavefield separation unit performs forward modeling on the collected wavefield information. Different wavefields show different results in the forward modeling. Wavefield separation is achieved using the wave equation, which is:

[0081] = ;

[0082] In the formula, P(x) represents the pressure field, v(x) represents the wave velocity, which is a function of spatial location, i.e., the terrain model velocity, and s(x,t) represents the source function.

[0083] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1 to 3 and Figures 5 to 8 As shown, a multi-view acoustic detection device for mine landslides includes:

[0084] The fiber optic sensing component 1 and the distributed sensing component 2 are equipped with a WiFi signal generator 7 on the top of the distributed sensing component 2. The fiber optic sensing component 1 is connected to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 via an optical cable.

[0085] The data synchronization module 4 is connected to the excitation source 3. The excitation source 3 is a vibration wave generator. The data synchronization module 4 consists of a synchronization trigger component 41 and a data buffer component 42. The synchronization trigger component 41 is connected to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 and the excitation source 3 respectively via cables. The data buffer component 42 is connected to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 and the WiFi signal device 7 respectively via two paths.

[0086] High-performance host processor 5 is connected to data synchronization module 4 via a cable;

[0087] The fiber optic sensing component 1 includes an outer sleeve 11. A sealing sleeve 15 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer side of the outer sleeve 11, and a spiral plate 14 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve 11. The end of the spiral plate 14 away from the outer sleeve 11 is bent upwards, and the spiral plate 14 is evenly installed axially on the outer side of the outer sleeve 11. The outer sleeve 11 is inserted into a hole drilled in the mine slope, and the spiral plate 14 on the surface of the outer sleeve 11 contacts the soil in the hole through the separator ring 12. During the insertion process, the hole is sealed simultaneously. During the insertion process, soil is backfilled between the hole and the outer sleeve 11, so that the soil fills the gap between the hole and the outer sleeve 11. The separator ring 12 cooperates with the spiral plate 14 to block the backfilled soil, so that the backfilled soil stays in the space between the hole and the outer sleeve 11. The separator ring 12 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve 11, and the separator ring 12 is evenly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve 11 and is located between the spiral plates 14.

[0088] A bottom end cap 13 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the outer sleeve 11. The bottom of the bottom end cap 13 is a raised spherical surface. An inner partition cylinder 18 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 11. A corrugated cylinder 17 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner partition cylinder 18. The inner wall of the corrugated cylinder 17 is uniformly provided with raised rings along the axial direction. An armored cylinder 16 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner partition cylinder 18. When receiving transmitted and reflected waves, the wave can contact the outer sleeve 11 along the soil. The wave is transmitted to the armored cylinder 16 outside the optical fiber 19 through the inner partition cylinder 18 and the corrugated cylinder 17 inside the outer sleeve 11. The wave is then transmitted to the optical fiber 19 through the armored cylinder 16. The signal is transmitted to the optical fiber vibration monitoring host 6 through the connection between the optical fiber 19 and the optical cable. The outer side of the armored cylinder 16 is in contact with the raised ring of the corrugated cylinder 17. The optical fiber 19 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the armored cylinder 16.

[0089] The third embodiment is based on embodiments one and two; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4As shown, the distributed sensing component 2 includes a mounting plate 21. A circular groove is formed at the center of the top of the mounting plate 21, and a distributed sensor 23 is fixedly installed in the circular groove of the mounting plate 21. The top of the distributed sensor 23 is electrically connected to the WiFi signal transmitter 7. During installation, the spikes 24 contact the surface soil of the slope, causing the protrusions at the bottom of the spikes 24 to insert into the soil. Then, by rotating the rotating head 25, the stud 22 rotates in the screw hole of the mounting plate 21. The height and level of the mounting plate 21 are adjusted by the screw connection between the spikes 24 and the ball head at the bottom of the stud 22, so that the sensor 23 is fixedly installed in the circular groove of the mounting plate 21. The distributed sensor 23 is in contact with the soil at its detection end, and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Screw holes are provided at the top corners of the mounting plate 21, and studs 22 are threaded into the screw holes of the mounting plate 21. A ball head is provided at the bottom of the stud 22. During the detection process, the distributed sensor 23 receives direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave signals through contact with the soil, and transmits them to one of the channels of the data buffer component 42 through the WiFi signal transmitter 7. A rotating head 25 is fixedly installed at the top of the stud 22, and a spike 24 is installed at the bottom of the stud 22 through the ball head. The bottom of the spike 24 is provided with a spike.

[0090] In operation, boreholes are drilled at the target landslide locations, and the fiber optic sensing component 1 is installed into the drilled holes, which are then sealed. Simultaneously, distributed sensing components 2 are installed on the landslide surface. During data acquisition, the high-performance host processor 5 commands the synchronization trigger component 41 in the data synchronization module 4 to vibrate the excitation source 3 via a cable connection. Simultaneously, the synchronization trigger component 41 instructs the fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 to generate a pulsed light source, which is transmitted to the fiber optic sensing component via an optical cable, initiating signal acquisition. The scattered Rayleigh waves are then interpreted to convert the optical signal into a vibration signal. The distributed sensing component 2 receives direct wave, reflected wave, and refracted wave signals and transmits them to one channel of the data buffer component 42 via the WiFi signal transmitter 7. The transmitted and reflected waves are received by the fiber optic sensing component 1 inside the borehole and transmitted back to the fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 via optical cable. The fiber optic vibration monitoring host 6 demodulates the signals into vibration signals and transmits them back to another channel of the data buffer component 42. Finally, the signals are transmitted to the high-performance host processor 5 via cable. This completes the acquisition and storage of signals. The high-performance host processor 5 then analyzes and processes the acquired data to complete the acoustic detection of mine landslides.

[0091] When installing the fiber optic sensing component 1, the outer sleeve 11 is inserted into the hole drilled in the mine slope. The spiral plate 14 on the surface of the outer sleeve 11 and the partition ring 12 contact the soil in the hole. During the insertion process, the hole is sealed simultaneously. During the insertion process, soil is backfilled between the hole and the outer sleeve 11 to fill the gap between the hole and the outer sleeve 11. The partition ring 12 and the spiral plate 14 work together to block the backfilled soil, so that the backfilled soil stays in the space between the hole and the outer sleeve 11. When receiving transmitted and reflected waves, the wave can travel along the contact between the soil and the outer sleeve 11. The wave is transmitted to the armored tube 16 on the outside of the optical fiber 19 through the inner partition 18 and the corrugated tube 17 inside the outer sleeve 11. The wave is then transmitted to the optical fiber 19 through the armored tube 16. The signal is transmitted to the optical fiber vibration monitoring host 6 through the connection between the optical fiber 19 and the optical cable.

[0092] In the distributed sensing component 2, during installation, the spikes 24 contact the surface soil of the slope, causing the spikes at the bottom of the spikes 24 to insert into the soil. Then, by rotating the rotating head 25, the stud 22 rotates in the screw hole of the mounting plate 21. The spikes 24 and the ball head at the bottom of the stud 22 are connected by a threaded connection, and the height and level of the mounting plate 21 are adjusted so that the detection end of the distributed sensor 23, which is fixedly installed in the circular groove of the mounting plate 21, contacts the soil. At the same time, the distributed sensor 23 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. During the detection process, the distributed sensor 23 receives direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave signals through contact with the soil, and transmits them to one of the channels of the data buffer component 42 using the WiFi signal transmitter 7.

[0093] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0094] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides, characterized in that, include: The system includes a detection and excitation module, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module. The detection excitation module generates controllable signals through mechanical vibration or pulse signals through explosion, providing signals for the data acquisition module to acquire data. The data acquisition module acquires the signals generated by the detection excitation module and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module in the form of electrical signals. The data processing module is used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition module; The data acquisition module includes a distributed sensing component and a fiber optic sensing component; The distributed sensing component is installed on the ground surface and is used to receive direct wave, reflected wave and refracted wave signals. The fiber optic sensing component is installed inside a borehole drilled into the landslide, and converts the optical signal into a vibration signal by interpreting the scattered Rayleigh wave. The data processing module includes: a data adjustment unit, a data synchronization unit, a noise reduction unit, a wavefield separation unit, and an imaging unit; The data adjustment unit adjusts the data collected by the distributed sensing component and the fiber optic sensing component. Since there are differences between the two data, the data adjustment unit uses amplitude compensation and phase correction methods to adjust the data. The data synchronization unit determines that the data of the distributed sensing component is the reference data and the data of the fiber optic sensing component is the data to be synchronized. In the overlapping area of ​​the two data volumes or near the common feature points, a time window of signal is extracted as the reference channel and the target channel, and the cross-correlation function is calculated. The noise reduction processing unit performs noise reduction processing on the acquired wave field information to remove environmental interference information from the wave field. The wavefield separation unit performs forward modeling on the collected denoised wavefield information and separates the wavefields based on the differences in the forward modeling results of different wavefields. The imaging unit processes the separated wavefield data. Based on the advantages of high imaging accuracy and wide imaging range of transmitted waves, it uses a deep learning network to construct the relationship between reflected and transmitted waves. The overlapping area of ​​shallow reflected and transmitted waves is used as a sample for supervised learning to achieve virtual wavefield transformation from deep reflected wave imaging to transmitted wave imaging.

2. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data adjustment unit calculates the root mean square amplitude value during the stable period from the data of the distributed sensing component and the data of the fiber optic sensing component, calculates the scalar gain factor, and finally multiplies the data amplitude of the fiber optic sensing component by the scalar gain factor so that its overall level is comparable to that of the data of the distributed sensing component. The data synchronization unit calculates the time difference between the adjusted distributed sensing component data and the fiber optic sensing component data, using the distributed sensing component data as reference data and the fiber optic sensing component data as the data to be synchronized. Then, it performs time-shift processing on the fiber optic sensing component data to achieve synchronization between the two data.

3. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 2, characterized in that: The denoising unit extracts signals and suppresses noise using a wavelet basis plus sparse dictionary learning method. The wavelet basis is a set of functions generated by scaling and translation transformations of the mother wavelet, forming the mathematical basis of signal decomposition. Through a wavelet basis neural network, the wave field data is folded by scaling and convolution. By continuously folding, the effective signal is extracted in multiple dimensions, constructing a sparse optimized data representation. This allows a small number of features to represent a large amount of data. By combining wavelet transform and sparse dictionary learning, the effective signal can be extracted quickly and accurately, and noise can be removed.

4. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-wave field signals received by the wave field separation unit are superimposed and cannot be directly imaged, so wave field separation is required. Based on the differences in frequency and curvature of the multi-wave field signals in different wave fields, different wave field information is extracted and inversely transformed at different positions in the Radon domain.

5. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 4, characterized in that, include: The fiber optic sensing assembly includes an outer sleeve (11), a sealing sleeve (15) is fixedly installed on the top of the outer side of the outer sleeve (11), and a spiral plate (14) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve (11). The end of the spiral plate (14) away from the outer sleeve (11) bends upward, and the spiral plate (14) is evenly installed axially on the outer side of the outer sleeve (11). A separator ring (12) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve (11), and the separator ring (12) is evenly installed on the outer side of the outer sleeve (11) and is located between the spiral plates (14).

6. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the outer sleeve (11) is fixedly installed with a bottom end cap (13). The bottom of the bottom end cap (13) is a raised spherical surface. The inner wall of the outer sleeve (11) is fixedly installed with an inner partition cylinder (18). The inner wall of the inner partition cylinder (18) is fixedly installed with a corrugated cylinder (17). The inner wall of the corrugated cylinder (17) is uniformly provided with convex rings along the axial direction. The inner wall of the inner partition cylinder (18) is fixedly installed with an armored cylinder (16). The outer side of the armored cylinder (16) is in contact with the convex ring of the corrugated cylinder (17). The inner wall of the armored cylinder (16) is fixedly installed with an optical fiber (19).

7. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distributed sensing component includes a card holder plate (21), a circular groove is provided at the center of the top of the card holder plate (21), and a distributed sensor (23) is fixedly installed at the circular groove of the card holder plate (21), and the top of the distributed sensor (23) is electrically connected to the WiFi signal device (7).

8. The multi-view acoustic detection system for mine landslides according to claim 7, characterized in that: Screw holes are provided at the top corners of the card holder plate (21), and studs (22) are threadedly connected to the screw holes of the card holder plate (21). A ball head is provided at the bottom end of the stud (22), and a rotating head (25) is fixedly installed at the top end of the stud (22). A spike foot (24) is installed at the bottom end of the stud (22) through the ball head. A spike is provided at the bottom end of the spike foot (24).

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