A four-axis ply design method for J-beams, four-axis ply design for J-beams, and J-beams
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CORP OF CHINA LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
Smart Images
Figure CN121723800B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of J-beam technology, and in particular to a four-axis layup design method for J-beams, a four-axis layup for J-beams, and a J-beam. Background Technology
[0002] J-beams, as a commonly used structural component, are primarily constructed from profiles with uniform cross-sections and have broad application prospects in various fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, and engineering machinery. Currently, the forming process of J-beams mainly employs autoclave molding with prepreg, which is one of the mainstream processes for forming thermosetting composite material components.
[0003] Due to the inherent material properties of thermosetting prepregs, when J-beams are manufactured using autoclave molding, the curing process must strictly follow a specific temperature control procedure, which involves multiple steps in sequence. This results in a long production cycle and still low production efficiency.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a four-axis layup design method for J-beams, a four-axis layup method for J-beams, and a J-beam to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a four-axis layup design method for J-beams, a four-axis layup method for J-beams, and a J-beam, so as to solve the technical problems of long production cycle and low production efficiency of J-beams in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] On the one hand, a four-axis ply design method for J-shaped beams is provided, including the following steps:
[0008] Obtain the loading requirements for the J-shaped beam under the specified conditions;
[0009] A finite element model of the J-shaped beam was established based on the loading requirements of the J-shaped beam.
[0010] The four-layer braided fabric was pultruded into a quadriaxial layup using the RTM process with an initial layup angle, and then processed into a J-beam. The J-beam was then subjected to preliminary finite element simulation verification. The initial layup angles were 0°, 45°, -45° and 90°.
[0011] Obtain the optimized ply thickness and ply angle of the quadriaxial ply, and use the optimized ply thickness and ply angle to make the optimized quadriaxial ply and process it into an optimized J-beam;
[0012] The optimized J-beam was subjected to finite element simulation again to verify whether it met the strength and stiffness requirements. If it did, the plying was carried out according to the optimized four-axis ply thickness and ply angle.
[0013] Preferably, the requirement for obtaining the loading condition of the J-beam includes obtaining the load density of the J-beam under load.
[0014] Preferably, the J-beam is fixed when loading is applied to it.
[0015] Preferably, fixing the J-shaped beam during loading includes fixing the J-shaped beam in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
[0016] Preferably, the preliminary finite element simulation verification of the quadriaxial woven fabric with the initial layup angle includes: evaluating the deformation and strain of the J-beam.
[0017] On the other hand, a J-beam quad-axis layup is provided, which is designed using the above-mentioned J-beam quad-axis layup design method, including four layers of woven fabric stacked together, with each layer of woven fabric having a different fiber ratio.
[0018] A J-shaped beam is also provided, comprising a flat plate, a C-shaped plate, and a Z-shaped plate, wherein the flat plate, the C-shaped plate, and the Z-shaped plate are all made of the aforementioned J-shaped beam four-axis layup.
[0019] Preferably, the flat plate is made of three layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply, the C-shaped plate is made of two layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply, and the Z-shaped plate is made of two layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply.
[0020] Preferably, the system also includes a filling core material disposed in the area enclosed by the C-shaped plate, the Z-shaped plate, and the flat plate.
[0021] Preferably, the filling core material is made of a single layer of the J-beam quadriaxial layup.
[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0023] The J-beam quadriaxial layup design method provided by this invention obtains the working condition loading requirements of the J-beam and establishes a finite element model of the J-beam. This shifts the layup design from the previous method of fabricating and then conducting experiments to simulation optimization, enabling rapid evaluation of the suitability of the J-beam quadriaxial layup design scheme. Subsequently, the thickness and angle of the J-beam quadriaxial layup are iteratively optimized for specific working conditions, and verified through simulation again using the finite element model. This ensures that the strength and stiffness of the final designed J-beam quadriaxial layup meet the working requirements of the J-beam, significantly improving the scientific rigor and success rate of the J-beam quadriaxial layup design method. Furthermore, by employing pultrusion RTM molding technology, the thickness design of the J-beam quadriaxial layup can be freely achieved by adjusting the fiber content of the braided fabric at different layup angles.
[0024] The J-shaped beam four-axis layup provided by this invention has been simulated and verified to meet the working conditions before laying. After installation, it can better meet the usage requirements and significantly improve production efficiency and reduce costs.
[0025] The J-beam provided in this invention applies an optimized four-axis layup to each component of the J-beam. By first designing the four-axis layup to meet usage requirements, the J-beam made from the aforementioned four-axis layup can ensure the balance and controllability of the mechanical properties of the entire component. At the same time, due to the high degree of design freedom of the four-axis layup, the layup design of the J-beam is also more flexible, and it can realize the efficient, low-cost, and net boundary size production of the J-beam. Attached Figure Description
[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.
[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the J-beam four-axis ply design method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the J-shaped beam during simulation of the four-axis ply design method for the J-shaped beam provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the maximum principal strain of a J-shaped beam during simulation of the four-axis ply design method for J-shaped beams provided by this invention;
[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the J-shaped beam structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0031] In the picture:
[0032] 1. Flat plate; 2. C-shaped plate; 3. Z-shaped plate; 4. Filling core material. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.
[0034] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0035] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0036] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a four-axis ply design method for J-shaped beams, including the following steps:
[0039] Obtain the loading requirements for the J-shaped beam under the specified conditions;
[0040] A finite element model of the J-shaped beam was established based on the loading requirements of the J-shaped beam.
[0041] The four-layer braided fabric was pultruded into a quadriaxial layup using the RTM process with an initial layup angle, and then processed into a J-beam. The J-beam was then subjected to preliminary finite element simulation verification. The initial layup angles were 0°, 45°, -45° and 90°.
[0042] Obtain the optimized ply thickness and ply angle of the quadriaxial ply, and use the optimized ply thickness and ply angle to make the optimized quadriaxial ply and process it into an optimized J-beam;
[0043] The optimized J-beam was subjected to finite element simulation again to verify whether it met the strength and stiffness requirements. If it did, the plying was carried out according to the optimized four-axis ply thickness and ply angle.
[0044] Understandably, continuous pultrusion production is maintained by using the pultrusion force of 0° braided fabric through the pultrusion RTM molding process.
[0045] Of course, in some other embodiments, the initial layup angle can also be 0°, -45°, 90° and 45° or 0°, 90°, 45° and -45°, which will not be listed in this embodiment.
[0046] The J-beam quadriaxial layup design method provided in this embodiment obtains the working condition loading requirements of the J-beam and establishes a finite element model of the J-beam. This shifts the layup design from fabrication followed by experimentation to simulation optimization, enabling rapid evaluation of the suitability of the J-beam quadriaxial layup design. Subsequently, the thickness and angle of the J-beam quadriaxial layup are iteratively optimized for specific working conditions, and verified through simulation again using the finite element model. This ensures that the strength and stiffness of the final designed J-beam quadriaxial layup meet the working requirements of the J-beam, significantly improving the scientific rigor and success rate of the J-beam quadriaxial layup design method. Furthermore, by employing pultrusion RTM molding technology, the thickness design of the J-beam quadriaxial layup can be freely achieved by adjusting the fiber content of the braided fabric at different layup angles.
[0047] In some embodiments, obtaining the loading requirements of the J-beam includes obtaining the load density of the J-beam under load.
[0048] Understandably, load density is a core input parameter for evaluating the load-bearing capacity of a structure, providing a basis for strength and stiffness assessments in subsequent finite element model simulations. For example, in this implementation, a load density of 2090 kg / m³ is applied to the center of the J-shaped beam to perform finite element simulation verification.
[0049] In some embodiments, the J-beam is fixed during loading to improve the accuracy of the simulation results.
[0050] Understandably, fixing the J-beam simulates the real-world application scenario of the J-beam being installed on an aircraft. This ensures that the load applied in the finite element model simulation is consistent with the load experienced by the J-beam in its actual installation state. Furthermore, fixing the J-beam accurately reflects the stress and deformation behavior of the structure under load, avoiding simulation distortion caused by simplified boundary conditions. This guarantees the reliability and practicality of subsequent design results based on optimization of ply thickness and ply angle.
[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments, fixing the J-beam during loading includes fixing it in both the horizontal and vertical directions. It is understood that simultaneously constraining both the horizontal and vertical directions of the J-beam allows for a more comprehensive simulation of real-world installation conditions, thereby enabling more accurate assessments of the strength and stiffness of the quadriaxial layup.
[0052] For example, in this embodiment, rivet holes are provided at both ends of the J-shaped beam. The horizontal direction of the J-shaped beam is fixed through the rivet holes at both ends, and the middle part of the J-shaped beam is fixed vertically through the added support rod.
[0053] In some embodiments, preliminary finite element simulation verification of the quadriaxial braid with an initial layup angle includes: evaluating the deformation and strain of the J-beam.
[0054] Understandably, deformation is directly related to the stiffness performance of J-beams; excessive deformation can affect their functionality. Strain, especially the maximum principal strain, is a key indicator for assessing whether a material has reached its failure threshold and judging structural strength. By examining and evaluating these two indicators, the rationality of the initial ply scheme can be quickly determined, providing a clear direction for subsequent optimization of the J-beam's quadrature ply angle or the ply thickness of a specific layer of fabric, thereby altering the ply thickness of the J-beam's quadrature ply. For example, Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the specific values are 2090 kg / m³. 3 The deformation and maximum principal strain of the J-beam are shown in the diagrams when the load density is applied to the center position of the J-beam and simulations are performed at the initial ply angles of 0°, 45°, -45° and 90°.
[0055] Example 2
[0056] This embodiment provides a J-beam quad-axis layup, designed using the J-beam quad-axis layup design method provided in Embodiment 1 above. The J-beam quad-axis layup includes four layers of woven fabric stacked together, with each layer having a different fiber ratio.
[0057] It is understandable that the four-axis layup of the J-beam provided in this embodiment, with its four layers of woven fabric, has been simulated and verified to meet the operating conditions before installation. After installation, it can better meet the usage requirements and significantly improve production efficiency while reducing trial and error costs. At the same time, the fiber ratio of each layer of woven fabric is adjustable. By adjusting the angle of the woven fabric (i.e., different layers of woven fabric), the thickness design of the four-axis layup of the J-beam can be freely achieved.
[0058] Example 3
[0059] like Figure 4As shown, this embodiment provides a J-shaped beam, including a flat plate 1, a C-shaped plate 2, and a Z-shaped plate 3. The flat plate 1, C-shaped plate 2, and Z-shaped plate 3 are all made by using the four-axis layup of the J-shaped beam in Embodiment 2.
[0060] It is understood that the J-beam provided in this embodiment applies the optimized four-axis layup to each component of the J-beam (flat plate 1, C-shaped plate 2, Z-shaped plate 3). By first designing the four-axis layup to meet the usage requirements, the J-beam made by the above four-axis layup can also ensure the balance and controllability of the mechanical properties of the entire component. At the same time, due to the high degree of design freedom of the four-axis layup, the layup design of the J-beam is also more free, and it can realize the efficient, low-cost, and net boundary size production of the J-beam.
[0061] In some embodiments, the plate 1 is made of three layers of J-beams laid in a four-axis ply, the C-shaped plate 2 is made of two layers of J-beams laid in a four-axis ply, and the Z-shaped plate 3 is made of two layers of J-beams laid in a four-axis ply.
[0062] Understandably, the configuration of plate 1, C-shaped plate 2, and Z-shaped plate 3 can be adaptively set based on the simulation results of the required J-shaped beam. For example, plate 1 can be configured as a four- or five-layer quadrature ply of stacked J-shaped beams, C-shaped plate 2 as a three- or four-layer quadrature ply of stacked J-shaped beams, and Z-shaped plate 3 as a three- or four-layer quadrature ply of stacked J-shaped beams. As the primary load-bearing surface, plate 1 typically needs to withstand significant bending stress. By ensuring that plate 1 has more layers than C-shaped plate 2 and Z-shaped plate 3, the overall performance of the J-shaped beam can be better guaranteed.
[0063] In some embodiments, the J-beam further includes a core material 4, which is disposed in the area enclosed by the C-shaped plate 2, the Z-shaped plate 3, and the flat plate 1.
[0064] Understandably, since both C-shaped plate 2 and Z-shaped plate 3 require bending during processing, a gap is left at the center enclosed by plate 1, C-shaped plate 2, and Z-shaped plate 3. Filling this gap with core material 4 stabilizes the structure of C-shaped plate 2 and Z-shaped plate 3, preventing buckling instability under compression. This significantly improves the bending and torsional stiffness of the cross-section, thereby enhancing the overall stability and load-bearing efficiency of the J-shaped beam structure.
[0065] In some embodiments, the core material 4 is made of a single J-beam quadriaxial layup.
[0066] It is understandable that the filling core material 4 is made of the same material as the flat plate 1, C-shaped plate 2 and Z-shaped plate 3, so that the filling core material 4 can better form a whole with the surrounding C-shaped plate 2, Z-shaped plate 3 and flat plate 1, share the load, further optimize the load transfer path, and thus improve the overall performance of the J-shaped beam.
[0067] Of course, in some other embodiments, the core material 4 can also be filled with other fibrous materials, which will not be listed in this embodiment.
[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A four-axis ply design method for J-shaped beams, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the loading requirements for the J-shaped beam under the specified conditions; A finite element model of the J-shaped beam was established based on the loading requirements of the J-shaped beam. The four-layer braided fabric was pultruded into a quadriaxial layup using the RTM process with an initial layup angle, and then processed into a J-beam. The J-beam was then subjected to preliminary finite element simulation verification. The initial layup angles were 0°, 45°, -45° and 90°. Obtain the optimized ply thickness and ply angle of the quadriaxial ply, and use the optimized ply thickness and ply angle to make the optimized quadriaxial ply and process it into an optimized J-beam; The optimized J-beam was verified by finite element simulation again to determine whether it met the strength and stiffness requirements. If it did, the ply thickness and ply angle of the optimized four-axis ply were then used for plying. Before performing finite element simulation verification on the optimized J-beam, the fiber content of each of the four braided layers in the optimized quadaxial layup is adjusted using the pultrusion RTM process, thereby optimizing the layup thickness of each braided layer.
2. The J-shaped beam four-axis ply design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading requirements for obtaining the J-beam include: obtaining the load density of the J-beam under load.
3. The J-shaped beam four-axis ply design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The J-beam is fixed during loading.
4. The J-shaped beam four-axis ply design method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of fixing the J-shaped beam during loading includes fixing the J-shaped beam in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
5. The J-shaped beam four-axis ply design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Preliminary finite element simulation verification of the quadriaxial woven fabric with initial layup angles includes: evaluating the deformation and strain of the J-beam.
6. A J-beam four-axis layup, designed using the J-beam four-axis layup design method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes four layers of woven fabric stacked together, each layer having a different fiber ratio.
7. A J-shaped beam, characterized in that, It includes a flat plate (1), a C-shaped plate (2) and a Z-shaped plate (3), wherein the flat plate (1), the C-shaped plate (2) and the Z-shaped plate (3) are all made of the J-shaped beam quadrature layup as described in claim 6.
8. The J-shaped beam according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flat plate (1) is made of three layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply, the C-shaped plate (2) is made of two layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply, and the Z-shaped plate (3) is made of two layers of J-shaped beams laid in a four-axis ply.
9. The J-shaped beam according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a filling core material (4), which is disposed in the area enclosed by the C-shaped plate (2), the Z-shaped plate (3) and the flat plate (1).
10. The J-shaped beam according to claim 9, characterized in that, The filling core material (4) is made of a single layer of the J-beam quadrature layup.