A vertical-horizontal combined milling machine tool and a method of use

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of milling and turning composite machine tool technology, specifically a vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool and its usage method. It includes a machine tool body, with an X-axis feed module, a Y-axis feed module, a Z-axis feed module, and a milling spindle located at the upper end of the machine tool body. This invention maintains five-axis linkage milling capability by independently setting up the turning spindle and a five-axis worktable, enabling high-precision milling of complex spatial curved surfaces. Simultaneously, the independent turning spindle outputs high torque and has high thrust rigidity, meeting the requirements of high-speed and high-precision turning. This achieves multi-functionality, expands the processing range of composite machine tools, and allows for the completion of all processes for complex workpieces on a single machine tool. It avoids the need for workpieces to be transferred between different machine tools, saving manpower and hoisting time. It also unifies the control system and fixture interface, shortens the process preparation cycle, and improves the level of factory automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of milling and turning machine tool technology, specifically to a vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The machining of complex and precision parts, such as aircraft engine casings, large propellers, and polyhedral boxes, is usually characterized by multiple spatial curved surfaces, high machining accuracy requirements, and complex processes. It often requires simultaneous milling, drilling, boring, and high-precision turning.

[0003] In existing machining methods, vertical machining centers, CNC lathes, or five-axis machining centers are typically used to complete the machining process step by step. However, existing technical solutions have the following significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, the turnover of workpieces between different machine tools not only consumes a lot of manpower and hoisting time, but also results in long process preparation cycles due to the inconsistent control systems and fixture interfaces of each machine tool, severely limiting the automation level of the factory. Second, traditional gantry machining centers have limited functionality; to achieve milling and turning functions, it is usually necessary to purchase a large vertical lathe, which not only increases the company's fixed asset investment but also occupies a large amount of workshop space. Third, although some existing vertical and horizontal composite milling machines have five-axis functions, their spindles are mostly designed for milling. When faced with turning operations that require high-speed workpiece rotation, the spindle output torque, thrust rigidity, and tool layout often cannot be balanced, resulting in extremely low turning efficiency and limited machining range.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a composite center that can maintain the high rigidity of the gantry frame, achieve the coordinated operation of five-axis linkage milling and independent turning functions, and complete the full-process machining of complex workpieces on a single machine tool is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of machining. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical-horizontal composite milling machine tool and its usage method, so as to solve the problems of existing vertical-horizontal composite milling machine tools having single functions, being unable to meet the needs of milling and turning composite machining, having low workpiece turnover efficiency, and having limited automation level.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A vertical-horizontal composite milling machine tool includes a machine body. The upper end of the machine body is provided with an X-axis feed module, a Y-axis feed module, a Z-axis feed module, and a milling spindle. The lower end of the X-axis feed module is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the machine body. The Y-axis feed module is slidably connected to the X-axis feed module, the Z-axis feed module is slidably connected to the Y-axis feed module, and the milling spindle is slidably connected to the Z-axis feed module. The milling spindle is vertically arranged. A tool magazine is provided on the upper right side of the machine body for storing milling cutters, threading cutters, boring tools, and drill bits. Specifically, the front right side of the machine body is rotatably connected... The machine tool body is equipped with a five-axis worktable. A vertical milling worktable is located on the front side of the machine tool body, positioned to the left of the five-axis worktable and horizontally. A turning spindle is located on the front face of the machine tool body. The rotation axes of both the five-axis worktable and the turning spindle are arranged in the front-rear direction. A locking assembly is provided at the upper end of the turning spindle to restrict its rotation. During turning operations, a tool holder is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower end of the turning spindle. A tool shank is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tool holder, and a tool head is fixedly installed on the section of the tool shank near the turning spindle. The locking assembly on the turning spindle restricts its rotation.

[0008] By setting a turning spindle at the front end of the machine tool body, the turning tool is mounted on the milling spindle during turning. A locking assembly precisely positions and locks the milling spindle, ensuring its stability during turning. The turning spindle drives the workpiece to rotate at high speed, while the milling spindle, through the coordinated movement of the X, Y, and Z axis feed modules, precisely controls the position and feed rate of the tool head, enabling the turning of complex curved surfaces and expanding the machine tool's machining range. It should be noted that although a milling spindle combined with a five-axis table can also perform turning, this method may be limited by the five-axis table's travel, rigidity, and angle adjustment range when dealing with workpieces with special structures or high precision requirements. An independently set turning spindle, with its high output torque and thrust rigidity, better meets the demands of high-speed, high-precision turning. Simultaneously, the presence of the five-axis table enables the machine tool to perform five-axis simultaneous milling, allowing for the milling of complex spatial curved surfaces.

[0009] Furthermore, by setting up a vertical milling table, heavy workpieces can be placed directly on the table during milling. The X, Y, and Z axis feed modules drive the milling spindle for milling operations. The vertical milling table can withstand significant weight, ensuring stability during heavy workpiece machining and preventing table deformation due to excessive workpiece weight, thus improving machining accuracy. Moreover, the tool magazine design allows for rapid tool changes during machining to meet different needs, such as switching from milling cutters to thread cutters, boring tools, or drills, eliminating the need for frequent manual tool changes and significantly reducing machining auxiliary time, thereby improving machining efficiency. Complex workpieces can be machined in a single machine tool, avoiding the need for workpieces to be transferred between different machine tools, saving manpower and hoisting time, unifying the control system and fixture interface, shortening the process preparation cycle, and improving the automation level of the factory. At the same time, there is no need to purchase additional large vertical lathes, reducing the company's fixed asset investment, reducing the workshop area occupied, and solving the problems of existing vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tools having single functions, being unable to meet the needs of combined turning and milling, having low workpiece turnover efficiency, and having limited automation levels.

[0010] Preferably, the locking assembly includes a rhombus block, a locking block, a first magnetic block, a second magnetic block, and a cylinder. The upper end of the milling spindle is fixedly provided with the rhombus block, the center of which is located on the axis of the milling spindle. The upper end of the rhombus block is provided with a positioning hole, which is not coaxial with the milling spindle. The first magnetic block is coaxially fixedly installed in the positioning hole. The second magnetic block is fixedly installed on the Z-axis feed module. The cylinder is fixedly provided on the Z-axis feed module. The output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the locking block. A locking groove is provided on the side wall of the locking block facing the rhombus block. The vertical projection of the locking groove is V-shaped. The acute angle of the rhombus block is the same as the angle of the locking groove. The positioning hole is located on the obtuse angle of one side of the rhombus block.

[0011] As the milling spindle gradually stops rotating, its speed decreases. The magnetic attraction between magnetic blocks one and two accelerates the spindle's descent to a stop. Magnetic block one guides the acute angle of the rhombus block towards the locking groove. When the milling spindle stops rotating, the acute angle of the rhombus block aligns with the locking groove. During turning, high-pressure gas is introduced into the cylinder. Under the influence of this high-pressure gas, the cylinder's actuator moves towards the rhombus block. At this point, the locking groove on the locking block engages with the acute angle of the rhombus block. Because the vertical projection of the locking groove is V-shaped and has the same angle as the acute angle of the rhombus block, precise positioning and initial locking of the rhombus block are achieved. When unlocking is required, the high-pressure gas supply to the cylinder is stopped, and negative pressure gas is introduced into the drive cylinder. This negative pressure gas drives the cylinder's actuator away from the rhombus block, separating the locking block from the rhombus block and releasing the lock. The milling spindle can then rotate freely for milling operations.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the rhombus block is provided with two No. 1 mounting holes and one No. 2 mounting hole. The two No. 1 mounting holes are symmetrically arranged on the two acute angles of the rhombus block, and the No. 2 mounting hole is arranged on one obtuse angle of the rhombus block. A No. 1 counterweight is provided in each of the two No. 1 mounting holes, and a No. 2 counterweight is provided in the No. 2 mounting hole. The assembly center of gravity of the rhombus block, the No. 1 magnetic block, the No. 1 counterweight, and the No. 2 counterweight is located on the axis of the milling spindle.

[0013] By placing two counterweights (number one and number two) within the rhomboid block, the center of gravity of the entire assembly is precisely positioned on the axis of the milling spindle. This design not only enhances the stability of the milling spindle during high-speed rotation and reduces vibration and noise caused by center of gravity shift, but also improves machining accuracy and surface quality. Especially during high-precision turning or milling, the stable center of gravity position ensures precise contact between the tool and the workpiece, thus avoiding machining errors caused by vibration and meeting the high-precision requirements of machining complex precision parts. Furthermore, the rational layout of the counterweights optimizes the dynamic performance of the machine tool, making it more stable and reliable during high-speed operation and extending its service life.

[0014] Preferably, the locking block has a guide groove at one end near the rhombus block. The vertical projection of the guide groove is V-shaped, and the angle of the guide groove is greater than the angle of the locking groove. The guide groove communicates with the locking groove.

[0015] By setting a guide groove on the locking block, the vertical projection of the guide groove is V-shaped and the angle is greater than that of the locking groove. This allows the rhombus block to contact the guide groove before entering the locking groove. The wide angle design of the guide groove allows the rhombus block to enter smoothly within a certain angle deviation range and gradually adjust its position to ensure that the acute angle of the rhombus block can accurately align with the locking groove. This improves the accuracy and reliability of locking and reduces locking failures or insecure locking caused by inaccurate alignment. Furthermore, the interconnected design of the guide groove and the locking groove makes the entire locking process smoother and improves the operating efficiency and stability of the machine tool.

[0016] Preferably, the front end face of the locking block is provided with a mounting groove that extends through both the front and rear sides. The mounting groove extends through the left side wall of the locking block, but does not extend through the upper and lower ends of the locking block. An arc-shaped spring is provided in the mounting groove. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the right side wall of the mounting groove. The opening of the spring faces to the right. In the relaxed state, the spring extends into the locking groove.

[0017] During the locking process of the locking block onto the rhombus block, when the acute angle of the rhombus block enters the locking groove, it will contact the spring. Due to the elasticity of the spring, it will deform to a certain extent when the rhombus block enters, generating a reverse elastic force, thereby buffering the contact between the rhombus block and the locking block. Since the cylinder's action is often rapid and forceful, without a buffering mechanism, the rhombus block and the locking block would directly and rigidly contact each other, which may cause wear or even damage to both surfaces, affecting the accuracy and service life of the machine tool. The spring effectively avoids this situation. The spring absorbs part of the impact force through its own elastic deformation, providing buffer protection for the rhombus block and the locking block. When it is necessary to unlock, as the locking block moves away from the rhombus block under the drive of the cylinder, the spring will gradually return to its original shape, without hindering the movement of the locking block, ensuring a smooth locking and unlocking process.

[0018] Preferably, all four sidewalls of the rhombus block are nitrided, with a nitrided layer thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm and a surface hardness of 68–72 HRC.

[0019] Nitriding the four sidewalls of the rhombus block significantly improves its surface hardness and wear resistance. The nitriding layer thickness is controlled between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. This thickness range ensures sufficient surface hardness while avoiding increased brittleness due to excessive nitriding. A surface hardness of 68–72 HRC prevents wear from frequent contact and friction with components such as the locking block during long-term use. This ensures the long-term stability and reliability of the locking assembly, reduces machine tool accuracy degradation and failure frequency caused by component wear, and further improves the overall performance and service life of the machine tool.

[0020] Preferably, the front end of the machine tool body is provided with three laser emitters and an image sensor. The three laser emitters are evenly distributed in a circular array along the central axis of the image sensor, and the laser beams emitted by the three laser emitters intersect at a point. The point where the three laser beams converge is located in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the turning spindle. The image sensor is used to detect the intersection position of the three laser beams.

[0021] When a turning tool is mounted on a milling spindle, if the tool tip is positioned outside the horizontal plane of the spindle's axis, the tool holder will be subjected to an offset cutting force during turning. This offset cutting force will cause the tool holder to bend and deform, altering the contact state between the tool tip and the workpiece. This will affect the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the turning process. The bending deformation of the tool holder will also accelerate tool wear, reduce tool life, and increase machining costs. By setting up three laser emitters and one image sensor, with the laser beams emitted by the three laser emitters intersecting at a single point located in the horizontal plane passing through the turning spindle's axis, after the turning tool is mounted on the milling spindle, the position information of the laser beam's end, captured by the image sensor, ensures that the turning tool tip is located in the vertical center of the workpiece. This avoids the offset cutting force on the tool holder during workpiece turning, which would cause bending deformation of the tool holder and affect turning accuracy and tool life. Furthermore, the linear propagation characteristics of the laser beam enable positioning accuracy at the micrometer level, meeting the requirements of high-precision turning. Both the laser emitter and the image sensor are non-contact measuring elements, preventing additional interference or impact on the turning tool and machine tool, thus ensuring machine tool stability and machining accuracy. Moreover, in practical applications, operators only need to set the expected position of the turning tool through the control system, and the machine tool can automatically complete the laser positioning and adjustment process without manual intervention, greatly reducing the operator's workload and improving production efficiency.

[0022] A method for using a vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0023] S1. First, clamp and fix the workpiece to be processed onto the turning spindle, ensuring that its position is accurate and stable without any looseness; then, call and select a special tool holder equipped with a turning tool through the automated tool magazine system, and install it onto the interface of the milling spindle to prepare for subsequent processing.

[0024] S2. A preset high-pressure gas is introduced into the drive cylinder, and the gas pressure is used to push the actuator of the cylinder to move linearly towards the diamond block. Through this action, the locking block can firmly lock the diamond block in place, thus forming a mechanical lock. Under the condition of continuous high-pressure gas input to the drive cylinder, the milling spindle is in a locked state. At this time, the milling spindle cannot rotate, ensuring the stability and safety of the machining process.

[0025] S3. Start the three laser emitters and high-precision image sensor. Then, control the feed modules in the X, Y and Z directions through the CNC program to move in coordination, driving the tool head to move precisely in three-dimensional space. During the movement, monitor the intersection position of the laser beams in real time until the image sensor accurately captures the intersection point of the three laser beams, which is exactly located at the working end of the tool head, thereby achieving precise calibration of the tool position.

[0026] S4. After completing the tool setting operation, start the turning spindle to rotate at the set speed. At the same time, the machining program controls the movement trajectory and speed of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis feed modules, driving the cutter head to perform turning on the workpiece surface according to the predetermined path, gradually removing material and forming the required contour and size.

[0027] S5. When the turning program is completed, the system automatically stops the rotation of the turning spindle; then the program controls the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis feed modules to work together to make the tool head smoothly exit the machining area and return to the preset safe standby position, preparing for the next operation.

[0028] S6. Remove the finished and compliant workpiece from the turning spindle for necessary inspection and cleaning; at the same time, safely remove the tool holder currently mounted on the milling spindle and equipped with the turning tool through the tool magazine system, and automatically return it to the original designated storage location in the tool magazine to complete the tool recycling and management.

[0029] S7. Stop supplying high-pressure gas to the drive cylinder and switch to inputting negative-pressure gas. Use the negative pressure to drive the actuator of the cylinder to move away from the rhombus block. The locking block releases the mechanical constraint on the rhombus block, thereby releasing the milling spindle. While maintaining the low-pressure gas input state of the drive cylinder, the system switches to the unlocked state. At this time, the milling spindle resumes its rotatable function, providing flexible support for subsequent different processes or machining tasks.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. This invention maintains the five-axis linkage milling capability by independently setting up the turning spindle and the five-axis worktable, enabling high-precision milling of complex spatial curved surfaces. At the same time, the independent turning spindle has a large output torque and high thrust rigidity, which can meet the requirements of high-speed and high-precision turning, realizing multi-functionality of one machine, expanding the processing range of composite machine tools, and completing all processes of complex workpieces on one machine tool. This avoids the workpiece being transferred between different machine tools, saves manpower and hoisting time, unifies the control system and fixture interface, shortens the process preparation cycle, and improves the level of factory automation.

[0032] 2. By setting up a vertical milling table, the present invention ensures the stability of machining heavy workpieces by providing a strong load-bearing capacity. It avoids the deformation of the worktable caused by excessive workpiece weight, eliminates the need to purchase a large vertical lathe, reduces the company's fixed asset investment, reduces the workshop area occupied, and solves the problems of existing vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tools having single functions, being unable to meet the needs of combined turning and milling, having low workpiece turnover efficiency, and having limited automation level.

[0033] 3. By setting a locking component, the present invention uses the locking groove and guide groove on the locking block to ensure accurate alignment and secure locking of the rhombus block, thereby improving the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Furthermore, the setting of multiple counterweight blocks ensures that the center of gravity of the entire assembly falls precisely on the axis of the milling spindle, further enhancing the stability of the machine tool during high-speed rotation, reducing vibration and noise, and improving machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0034] 4. This invention utilizes three laser emitters, whose laser beams intersect at a single point located in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the turning spindle. Combined with an image sensor capturing the laser beam's end position in real time, this precisely ensures the turning tool tip is positioned vertically at the center of the workpiece. This prevents the tool holder from bending and deforming due to offset cutting forces during workpiece turning, thus ensuring dimensional accuracy and surface quality. It also reduces tool wear, extends tool life, and lowers processing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a front view of the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the milling spindle in the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Full sectional view at point CC;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the usage method of the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Machine tool body; 2. X-axis feed module; 3. Y-axis feed module; 4. Z-axis feed module; 5. Milling spindle; 6. Tool magazine; 7. Five-axis worktable; 8. Vertical milling worktable; 9. Turning spindle; 10. Tool holder; 11. Tool shank; 12. Tool head; 13. Rhomboid block; 14. Locking block; 15. Magnetic block No. 1; 16. Magnetic block No. 2; 17. Cylinder; 18. Positioning hole; 19. Locking groove; 20. Mounting hole No. 1; 21. Mounting hole No. 2; 22. Counterweight No. 1; 23. Counterweight No. 2; 24. Guide groove; 25. Mounting groove; 26. Spring; 27. Laser emitter; 28. Image sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This invention provides a vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool and its usage method, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0044] A vertical-horizontal composite milling machine tool, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The machine tool includes a machine body 1. The upper end of the machine body 1 is equipped with an X-axis feed module 2, a Y-axis feed module 3, a Z-axis feed module 4, and a milling spindle 5. The lower end of the X-axis feed module 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the machine body 1. The Y-axis feed module 3 is slidably connected to the X-axis feed module 2. The Z-axis feed module 4 is slidably connected to the Y-axis feed module 3. The milling spindle 5 is slidably connected to the Z-axis feed module 4 and is vertically positioned. A tool magazine 6 is located on the upper right side of the machine body 1, used to store milling cutters, thread cutters, boring tools, and drill bits. A five-axis worktable 7 is rotatably connected to the front right side of the machine body 1. The machine body 1 has a vertical milling table 8 on the front side, which is located to the left of the five-axis table 7 and is horizontally arranged. The front end face of the machine body 1 has a turning spindle 9. The rotation axes of the five-axis table 7 and the turning spindle 9 are both arranged in the front-back direction. The upper end of the milling spindle 5 is provided with a locking component, which is used to restrict the rotation of the milling spindle 5. During turning operations, the lower end of the milling spindle 5 is coaxially fixedly connected to a tool holder 10, and the lower end of the tool holder 10 is fixedly connected to a tool bar 11. A tool head 12 is fixedly installed on the section of the tool bar 11 near the turning spindle 9. The locking component on the milling spindle 5 restricts the rotation of the milling spindle 5.The locking assembly includes a rhombus block 13, a locking block 14, a first magnetic block 15, a second magnetic block 16, and a cylinder 17. The upper end of the milling spindle 5 is fixedly fitted with the rhombus block 13. All four sidewalls of the rhombus block 13 are nitrided, with a nitriding layer thickness of 0.1–0.3 mm and a surface hardness of 68–72 HRC. The center of the rhombus block 13 is located on the axis of the milling spindle 5. A positioning hole 18 is provided at the upper end of the rhombus block 13. The positioning hole 18 is not coaxial with the milling spindle 5, and is coaxially fixed within the positioning hole 18. A first magnetic block 15 is provided, and a second magnetic block 16 is fixedly installed on the Z-axis feed module 4. A cylinder 17 is fixedly installed on the Z-axis feed module 4, and a locking block 14 is fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder 17. A locking groove 19 is provided on the side wall of the locking block 14 facing the rhombus block 13. The vertical projection of the locking groove 19 is V-shaped. The acute angle of the rhombus block 13 is the same as the angle of the locking groove 19. A positioning hole 18 is provided on the obtuse angle of one side of the rhombus block 13. The upper end of the rhombus block 13 is provided with two first mounting holes 20 and one second mounting hole 20. Mounting holes 21 are provided. Two first mounting holes 20 are symmetrically located on the acute angles of the two sides of the rhombus block 13, and a second mounting hole 21 is located on the obtuse angle of one side of the rhombus block 13. Each of the two first mounting holes 20 contains a first counterweight 22, and the second mounting hole 21 contains a second counterweight 23. The assembly center of gravity of the rhombus block 13, the first magnetic block 15, the first counterweight 22, and the second counterweight 23 is located on the axis of the milling spindle 5. The locking block 14 has a guide groove 24 at one end near the rhombus block 13. The vertical projection of the guide groove 24 is V-shaped. The angle of the guide groove 24 is greater than that of the locking groove 19, and the guide groove 24 communicates with the locking groove 19. The front end face of the locking block 14 is provided with a mounting groove 25 that runs through both the front and rear sides. The mounting groove 25 runs through the left side wall of the locking block 14, but does not run through the upper and lower ends of the locking block 14. An arc-shaped spring 26 is provided in the mounting groove 25. The two ends of the spring 26 are fixedly connected to the right side wall of the mounting groove 25. The opening of the spring 26 faces the right side. When the spring 26 is in the relaxed state, the spring 26 extends into the locking groove 19.

[0045] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The front end of the machine tool body 1 is provided with three laser emitters 27 and an image sensor 28. The three laser emitters 27 are evenly distributed in a circular array along the central axis of the image sensor 28, and the laser beams emitted by the three laser emitters 27 intersect at a point. The point where the three laser beams converge is located in the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the turning spindle 9. The image sensor 28 is used to detect the intersection position of the three laser beams.

[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 7The specific usage method of the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool in this embodiment is as follows: When the machine tool starts and enters the turning operation process, the operator first needs to accurately and securely clamp the workpiece to be processed on the turning spindle 9 to ensure that it will not shift or loosen during high-speed rotation. Next, the machine tool CNC system, through the automated tool magazine 6 control unit, selects the tool holder 10 and matching tool head 12 with the current machining parameters, and automatically installs the tool holder 10 to the lower end interface of the milling spindle 5. During the installation process, the drive cylinder 17 starts working, pushing the locking block 14 to move along the guide rail towards the rhombus block 13. Under the constraint of the guide groove 24 structure, the acute angle portion of the rhombus block 13 is accurately guided into the locking groove 19. At the same time, the spring 26 installed at the contact point undergoes elastic deformation. This deformation of the spring 26 absorbs the contact impact, buffering and protecting the rigid contact between the rhombus block 13 and the locking block 14, preventing damage to the components caused by the instantaneous collision between the rhombus block 13 and the locking block 14.

[0047] After the locking block 14 and the rhomboid block 13 achieve mechanical locking, the milling spindle 5 is completely restricted from rotating, thus providing the necessary rigid support and stability guarantee throughout the turning process. Subsequently, the machine tool CNC system activates three high-precision laser emitters 27 and simultaneously activates the image sensing device. Under the control of the CNC program, the X-axis feed module 2, Y-axis feed module 3, and Z-axis feed module 4 work together to drive the tool head 12 to adjust its displacement in three-dimensional space until the image sensor 28 clearly captures the focal intersection point of the three laser beams projected onto the working end of the tool head 12, thereby completing the calibration of the tool position.

[0048] After tool position calibration is completed, the turning spindle 9 begins to rotate at a set speed according to the preset process parameters. Simultaneously, the tool head 12 performs cutting, feeding, and contour machining on the workpiece surface according to the predetermined trajectory path generated by the machine tool's CNC system. After the machining cycle ends, the machine tool's CNC system automatically stops the rotation of the turning spindle 9, controls the tool head 12 to smoothly exit the machining area, and returns it to a safe standby position. Finally, the operator disassembles the machined workpiece and automatically retrieves and stores the tools through the tool magazine system. At the same time, the machine tool's CNC system switches to pneumatic control, stopping the supply of high-pressure gas to the drive cylinder 17 and instead inputting negative-pressure gas, causing the locking block 14 to release its mechanical lock on the rhombus block 13. After the lock is released, the milling spindle 5 resumes free rotation, preparing for subsequent diverse machining tasks.

[0049] The specific embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and ideas of the present invention should still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical-horizontal combined milling machine tool, comprising a machine tool body, an X-axis feeding module, a Y-axis feeding module, a Z-axis feeding module and a milling spindle are arranged at the upper end of the machine tool body, the lower end of the X-axis feeding module is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the machine tool body, the Y-axis feeding module is slidingly connected on the X-axis feeding module, the Z-axis feeding module is slidingly connected on the Y-axis feeding module, the milling spindle is slidingly connected on the Z-axis feeding module, the milling spindle is vertically arranged, a tool magazine is arranged at the right side of the upper end of the machine tool body, the tool magazine is used for storing milling cutters, thread cutters, boring cutters and drill bits, characterized in that, A five-axis worktable is rotatably connected to the front right side of the machine tool body. A vertical milling worktable is provided on the front side of the machine tool body. The vertical milling worktable is located to the left of the five-axis worktable and is horizontally arranged. A turning spindle is provided on the front face of the machine tool body. The rotation axes of the five-axis worktable and the turning spindle are both arranged in the front-rear direction. A locking component is provided at the upper end of the milling spindle. The locking component is used to restrict the rotation of the milling spindle. During turning operations, a tool holder is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower end of the milling spindle. A tool bar is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tool holder. A tool head is fixedly installed on the section of the tool bar near the turning spindle. The locking component on the milling spindle restricts the rotation of the milling spindle. The locking assembly includes a rhombus block, a locking block, a first magnetic block, a second magnetic block, and a cylinder. The upper end of the milling spindle is fixedly provided with a rhombus block, the center of which is located on the axis of the milling spindle. A positioning hole is provided at the upper end of the rhombus block, which is not coaxial with the milling spindle. A first magnetic block is coaxially fixedly installed in the positioning hole. A second magnetic block is fixedly installed on the Z-axis feed module. A cylinder is fixedly provided on the Z-axis feed module. The output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to a locking block. A locking groove is provided on the side wall of the locking block facing the rhombus block. The vertical projection of the locking groove is V-shaped. The acute angle of the rhombus block is the same as the angle of the locking groove. The positioning hole is located on the obtuse angle of one side of the rhombus block. The upper end of the rhombus block is provided with two No. 1 mounting holes and one No. 2 mounting hole. The two No. 1 mounting holes are symmetrically arranged on the two acute angles of the rhombus block, and the No. 2 mounting hole is arranged on one obtuse angle of the rhombus block. A No. 1 counterweight is provided in each of the two No. 1 mounting holes, and a No. 2 counterweight is provided in the No. 2 mounting hole. The assembly center of gravity of the rhombus block, the No. 1 magnetic block, the No. 1 counterweight, and the No. 2 counterweight is located on the axis of the milling spindle. The locking block has a guide groove at one end near the rhombus block. The vertical projection of the guide groove is V-shaped, and the angle of the guide groove is greater than the angle of the locking groove. The guide groove is connected to the locking groove.

2. A combined vertical / horizontal milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that The locking block has a mounting groove extending through both the front and rear sides on its front end surface. The mounting groove extends through the left side wall of the locking block but does not extend through the top and bottom ends of the locking block. An arc-shaped spring is provided in the mounting groove. The two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the right side wall of the mounting groove. The opening of the spring faces to the right. When the spring is in the relaxed state, it extends into the locking groove.

3. A combined vertical / horizontal milling machine according to claim 2, characterised in that, The four sidewalls of the rhombus block are all nitrided, with a nitrided layer thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and a surface hardness of 68 to 72 HRC.

4. The vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the machine tool body is provided with three laser emitters and an image sensor. The three laser emitters are evenly distributed in a circular array along the central axis of the image sensor, and the laser beams emitted by the three laser emitters intersect at a point. The point where the three laser beams converge is located in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the turning spindle. The image sensor is used to detect the intersection position of the three laser beams.

5. A method of using a vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tool, characterized in that, This method of use applies at least to any of the vertical and horizontal composite milling machine tools described in claims 1 to 4, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Clamp the workpiece onto the turning spindle, and use the tool magazine to adjust the tool holder equipped with the turning tool and install it onto the milling spindle; S2. High-pressure gas is introduced into the cylinder. The high-pressure gas drives the actuator of the cylinder to move towards the diamond block. The locking block locks the diamond block, maintaining the high-pressure gas input to the driving cylinder, and the milling spindle cannot rotate. S3. Start the three laser emitters and image sensor. The X-axis feed module, Y-axis feed module and Z-axis feed module drive the cutter head to move in the X, Y and Z directions until the image sensor detects that the intersection of the laser beams emitted by the three laser emitters is located at the working end of the cutter head. S4. Start the turning spindle. The program controls the X-axis feed module, Y-axis feed module, and Z-axis feed module to drive the cutter head to perform cutting operations on the workpiece. S5. After turning is completed, stop the rotation of the turning spindle, and the program controls the X-axis feed module, Y-axis feed module and Z-axis feed module to drive the tool head back to the safe position; S6. Remove the machined workpiece and store the tool holder equipped with the turning tool mounted on the milling spindle into the tool magazine. S7. Stop the high-pressure gas input to the drive cylinder, and input negative pressure gas into the drive cylinder. The negative pressure gas drives the actuator of the cylinder to move away from the rhombus block, releases the locking block from the rhombus block, maintains the low-pressure gas input to the drive cylinder, and the milling spindle can rotate.

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