A photovoltaic panel inspection sanding evaluation device and method

Abstract

The application provides a kind of photovoltaic panel inspection sanding evaluation device: including photovoltaic module and control module;Photovoltaic module includes photovoltaic panel and glass cover plate, glass cover plate is set to the top of photovoltaic panel, and second light transmittance sensor is set between the two;Control module includes air curtain protection assembly and spherical transparent cover, first light transmittance sensor is arranged in the inside of spherical transparent cover, air curtain protection assembly is set to the bottom end of spherical transparent cover, and can generate annular air curtain upwards, and protects spherical transparent cover.The application is set through photovoltaic module, light transmittance sensor and control module, through the cooperation between light transmittance sensor and photovoltaic module, when the surface of photovoltaic module is sanding, the light transmittance of its glass cover plate changes, and the light transmittance can be monitored by light transmittance sensor, and light transmittance sensor and control module cooperate with each other, so that light transmittance sensor can monitor the light transmittance of spherical transparent cover in non-sanding state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covered assessment device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. The core of it is to absorb solar radiation energy through photovoltaic modules, causing electrons inside the semiconductor to migrate in a directional manner to form an electric current. It is one of the core technologies in the field of renewable energy and is widely used in distributed power generation, centralized power stations, portable power supplies and other scenarios.

[0003] Among them, the desert environment is a relatively suitable environment for photovoltaic power generation. A photovoltaic power station in a new energy base in a desert area is a typical large desert and Gobi base. Due to its low average annual temperature, low annual precipitation, huge annual evaporation, and prevailing westerly and north-northwesterly winds throughout the year, as well as the huge number of photovoltaic modules, the wind blows sand and soil to cover the photovoltaic panels during daily power production. The loose sand affects the power generation efficiency, and the damage such as component microcracks and short circuits also affects the power generation efficiency. Inspections typically require significant manpower and resources; for example, drone inspections necessitate drone rental. Therefore, timely inspections can effectively reduce maintenance costs. However, due to weather conditions, regular inspections are uneconomical, as conducting inspections when unnecessary is a waste of manpower and resources. Delayed inspections, on the other hand, can lead to increased economic losses. For instance, dust cover causes hot spots to spread continuously, loose sand cools the thermal imaging of photovoltaic panels, and short circuits and microcracks can cause localized short circuits and overheating. These issues result in poor monitoring effectiveness of thermal imaging technology. Furthermore, drone inspections are also ineffective due to environmental characteristics. Therefore, a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand cover assessment device and method are urgently needed to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a device and method for assessing the sand cover rate of photovoltaic panels during inspection, thereby solving the problem of poor monitoring of the sand cover rate on photovoltaic panels in desert areas.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering evaluation device, comprising a photovoltaic module and a control module; A photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic panel and a glass cover, with the glass cover positioned above the photovoltaic panel and a second light transmittance sensor positioned between the two. The control assembly includes an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover. The spherical transparent cover has a first light transmittance sensor inside. The air curtain protection assembly is located at the bottom of the spherical transparent cover and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panel, the glass cover, and the second transmittance sensor are all located inside the photovoltaic support. The second transmittance sensor is located below the glass cover and can monitor the transmittance of the glass cover.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the control component includes a fixing frame, which includes a fixing base, support rods, mounting base, and an annular top block arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The top of the fixing base is a conical design, and multiple support rods are provided at the top of the conical surface. The multiple support rods are distributed in an annular shape at equal intervals. Multiple V-shaped rollers are provided on the inner wall of the annular top block. The multiple V-shaped rollers are distributed in an annular shape at equal intervals.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a central hole and a protective groove are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at the center of the upper surface of the mounting base. A transmission cavity is provided inside the mounting base, which is connected to the central hole. A servo motor is provided on the upper surface of the mounting base, and the output shaft of the servo motor extends into the interior of the transmission cavity and is equipped with a drive gear.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the air curtain protection assembly includes a cyclone dust collector and a protective block. The cyclone dust collector includes a dust collector body, which is positioned above the annular top block and passes through the annular top block and the central hole in sequence, extending into the interior of the protective groove. A protective block is provided on the top of the dust collector body.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, an annular V-shaped guide rail and a gear ring are sequentially fitted onto the exterior of the dust collector body from top to bottom. The annular V-shaped guide rail is located inside the annular top block, and its outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller. The gear ring is located inside the central hole and meshes with the drive gear. A horn-shaped air inlet hood is provided on the circumferential surface of the dust collector body, which is tangent to it. The horn-shaped air inlet hood includes an air collecting hood. One end of the air collecting hood is connected to the dust collector body through a converging tube. The inner wall of the air collecting hood is an Archimedean spiral surface, and the converging tube is a Venturi tube, with its smaller inner diameter end connected to the dust collector body.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the protective block includes an inner shell, which is connected to the exhaust port of the dust collector body. An outer shell is provided inside the inner shell, and the outer shell and the inner shell are connected to each other by multiple first connecting blocks and second connecting blocks. The multiple first connecting blocks and second connecting blocks are distributed in a ring at equal intervals, and there is space between two adjacent first connecting blocks and between two adjacent second connecting blocks to allow airflow. An annular jet nozzle and an annular air chamber are arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell from top to bottom.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a spherical transparent cover is provided at the center of the upper surface of the outer shell via a vertical rod, and a top stop is provided at the top of the spherical transparent cover via a vertical rod. The spherical transparent cover is a transparent spherical cover with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the annular jet nozzle, and the top stop is an inverted cone with a diameter at the top larger than the diameter of the annular jet nozzle.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a sealing assembly is provided at the annular jet nozzle. The sealing assembly includes an inner rubber ring and an outer rubber ring. The inner rubber ring is disposed along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell, and the outer rubber ring is disposed along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell and is in contact with the inner rubber ring. The cross-section of the sealing assembly is herringbone shaped.

[0014] A method for using a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device includes the following steps: S1. Set up a reference component based on the photovoltaic panel, so that the first transmittance sensor inside the reference component is in the illumination range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, and set up a wind vane. The wind vane controls the servo motor through the controller. S2. The wind direction is monitored by the wind vane, and the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake is adjusted by driving the servo motor so that the horn-shaped air intake faces the direction of the wind, that is, the natural wind can blow directly into the interior of the horn-shaped air intake. S3. By collecting and comparing the data from the first and second light transmittance sensors, the deviation of the light transmittance of the glass cover relative to the normal state is obtained, that is, the sand covering rate is monitored by the deviation value.

[0015] This invention provides a device and method for assessing sand cover during photovoltaic panel inspection. By adopting the above solution, the following beneficial effects are achieved: 1. This invention, through the arrangement of photovoltaic modules, light transmittance sensors, and control components, utilizes the cooperative relationship between the light transmittance sensor and the photovoltaic module. When the surface of the photovoltaic module is covered with sand, the light transmittance of its glass cover changes. The light transmittance can be monitored by the light transmittance sensor. The light transmittance sensor and the control component work together to enable the light transmittance sensor to monitor the light transmittance of the un-sand-covered spherical transparent cover. By comparing the two light transmittance sensors, the sand coverage rate of the photovoltaic module surface can be monitored. 2. By setting up the cyclone dust collector and the protective block, when natural wind enters the interior of the cyclone dust collector, it can be accelerated and the airflow can be separated from the sand and gravel. The separated airflow forms an upward annular air curtain under the action of the protective block. The annular air curtain and the top baffle work together to keep the spherical transparent cover in a protective state, preventing sand and gravel from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover, thereby obtaining the control data in this environment. 3. By configuring the servo motor, drive gear, and cyclone dust collector, the orientation of the cyclone dust collector's air intake hood can be adjusted. In conjunction with the wind vane, the air intake hood is driven by the servo motor and drive gear to face the direction of airflow, allowing natural wind to directly enter the air intake hood. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of region C in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 14 for Figure 13 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the protective block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Photovoltaic module; 11. Photovoltaic bracket; 12. Photovoltaic panel; 13. Glass cover plate; 2. Fixing frame; 21. Fixing base; 22. Support rod; 23. Mounting seat; 24. Annular top block; 25. V-shaped roller; 26. Center hole; 27. Transmission cavity; 28. Protective groove; 3. Cyclone dust collector; 31. Dust collector body; 32. Annular V-shaped guide rail; 33. Gear ring; 34. Horn-shaped air inlet hood; 341. Air collecting hood; 342. Converging tube; 4. Protective block; 41. Inner shell; 42. Outer shell; 43. First connecting block; 44. Second connecting block; 45. Annular air chamber; 46. Annular air nozzle; 47. Spherical transparent cover; 48. Top stop block; 5. First light transmittance sensor; 6. Servo motor; 7. Drive gear; 8. Second light transmittance sensor; 9. Sealing assembly; 91. Inner rubber ring; 92. Outer rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 As shown, a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covered assessment device includes a photovoltaic module 1 and a control module; The photovoltaic module 1 includes a photovoltaic panel 12 and a glass cover 13. The glass cover 13 is disposed above the photovoltaic panel 12, and a second light transmittance sensor 8 is disposed between the two. The photovoltaic panel 12, the glass cover plate 13, and the second light transmittance sensor 8 are all located inside the photovoltaic support 11. The second light transmittance sensor 8 is located below the glass cover plate 13 and can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13. Based on the above, the glass cover plate 13 serves to protect the photovoltaic panel 12. It protects the photovoltaic panel 12 without affecting its ability to receive sunlight. The second light transmittance sensor 8 can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13. As the degree of sand covering the surface of the glass cover plate 13 varies, the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13 also changes accordingly. The lower the light transmittance, the higher the degree of sand covering.

[0018] Example 2: like Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the control assembly includes an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover 47. The spherical transparent cover 47 is made of the same material as the glass cover plate 13. A first light transmittance sensor 5 is installed inside the spherical transparent cover 47. The air curtain protection assembly is located at the bottom of the spherical transparent cover 47 and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover 47. Based on the above, the air curtain protection component generates an annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover 47, preventing the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47 from being covered with sand. This ensures that the spherical transparent cover 47 is not affected by the degree of sand covering in the environment, and thus obtains the reference data of light transmittance. That is, the data obtained by the first light transmittance sensor 5 is used as a benchmark, and is compared with the data obtained by the second light transmittance sensor 8 to understand the actual change of light transmittance of the glass cover 13.

[0019] like Figures 5-7 , Figures 9-11 As shown, the control assembly includes a fixing frame 2, which includes a fixing base 21, a support rod 22, a mounting base 23, and an annular top block 24 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The top of the fixing base 21 is a conical design, and multiple support rods 22 are provided at the top of the conical surface. The multiple support rods 22 are distributed in an annular equidistant manner. Multiple V-shaped rollers 25 are provided on the inner wall of the annular top block 24. The multiple V-shaped rollers 25 are distributed in an annular equidistant manner. The upper surface of the mounting base 23 has a central hole 26 and a protective groove 28 arranged from top to bottom at the center. The interior of the mounting base 23 has a transmission cavity 27, which is connected to the central hole 26. The upper surface of the mounting base 23 has a servo motor 6, the output shaft of which extends into the interior of the transmission cavity 27 and is equipped with a drive gear 7. Based on the above, the fixing frame 2 is fixed to the ground by the fixing base 21 and the anchor bolts. At this time, the support rod 22 plays the role of supporting the mounting base 23. Since there are gaps between the multiple support rods 22, the sand and gravel discharged from the cyclone dust collector 3 can be discharged directly. During the discharge process, it can be carried away by the wind blown in from the gap, thereby reducing the accumulation of sand and gravel. In addition, the conical surface design can also make the sand and gravel spread in all directions, further reducing the accumulation of sand and gravel. The V-shaped rollers 25, in conjunction with the annular V-shaped guide rails 32, serve to position the cyclone dust collector 3 and allow it to rotate smoothly. Simultaneously, the protective grooves 28 protect the sand discharge port of the cyclone dust collector 3, minimizing the risk of airflow entering the interior of the cyclone dust collector 3 from the sand discharge port. The servo motor 6 and the drive gear 7 work together to adjust the posture of the cyclone dust collector 3, ensuring that the air intake hood of the cyclone dust collector 3 aligns with the airflow direction in the natural environment.

[0020] like Figures 5-8 , Figures 12-14 As shown, the air curtain protection assembly includes a cyclone dust collector 3 and a protective block 4. The cyclone dust collector 3 includes a dust collector body 31, which is located above the annular top block 24 and passes through the annular top block 24 and the central hole 26 in sequence, and extends into the interior of the protective groove 28. The top of the dust collector body 31 is provided with a protective block 4. The dust collector body 31 is fitted with an annular V-shaped guide rail 32 and a gear ring 33 from top to bottom. The annular V-shaped guide rail 32 is located inside the annular top block 24 and its outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller 25. The gear ring 33 is located inside the central hole 26 and meshes with the drive gear 7. A horn-shaped air inlet hood 34 is provided on the circumference of the dust collector body 31. The horn-shaped air inlet hood 34 includes an air collecting hood 341. One end of the air collecting hood 341 is connected to the dust collector body 31 through a converging tube 342. The inner wall of the air collecting hood 341 is an Archimedean spiral surface. The converging tube 342 is a Venturi tube, and its smaller inner diameter end is connected to the dust collector body 31. Based on the above, the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 serves two purposes: firstly, it collects natural air; secondly, the Archimedes spiral surface and the Venturi tube work together to accelerate the natural air, allowing the collected natural air to be stably accelerated before entering the dust collector body 31. Furthermore, the design of the Archimedes spiral surface reduces the resistance to airflow and the formation of eddies, thereby ensuring the stability of the natural airflow. The principle of airflow acceleration on the Archimedes spiral surface is as follows: The Archimedean spiral surface on the inner wall of the wind collector follows the polar coordinate equation. (Where r is the polar radius, θ is the polar angle, a is the helical coefficient, and b is the initial radius), its acceleration effect stems from the guidance and integration of airflow, drag reduction, and pre-acceleration guidance, the specific principle of which is as follows: Orderly convergence avoids energy loss: Natural wind is characterized by its dispersed direction and uneven velocity. Direct entry into a duct can easily generate eddies and airflow collisions, resulting in energy waste. The Archimedean spiral surface guides natural winds from different directions onto a unified spiral trajectory with a continuously varying path. From the edge of the wind collector opening to the convergence tube interface, the extreme diameter of the spiral decreases linearly with the polar angle, causing the airflow to gradually converge towards the center as it flows along the surface. This avoids airflow separation and disorderly diffusion, allowing dispersed wind energy to be concentrated and converted into kinetic energy for directional flow, laying the foundation for subsequent acceleration.

[0021] Gradient rise angle for smooth acceleration: The rise angle of the helical surface in this device gradually decreases from 30° at the beginning to 15° at the end, creating a "slow in, fast out" guiding effect. The larger rise angle at the beginning can efficiently capture oblique natural winds and reduce the impact resistance when the airflow enters; the gradually decreasing rise angle from the middle to the end guides the airflow to slowly change its direction during movement, while gradually reducing the flow cross-sectional area. According to the continuity equation of fluid mechanics, under a constant flow rate, a decrease in the flow cross-sectional area will drive an increase in flow velocity, and this gradient change avoids local eddies caused by sudden changes in flow velocity, achieving smooth pre-acceleration of the airflow.

[0022] Reduced frictional resistance and energy loss: The helical surface is a continuous, smooth, integrated structure without sharp edges or abrupt changes. When airflow follows the surface against the wall, boundary layer separation is significantly suppressed. Combined with the low-friction treatment of the inner wall of the wind collector, the friction coefficient between the airflow and the wall is further reduced, minimizing energy loss during airflow and ensuring that wind energy is converted into kinetic energy of the airflow to the maximum extent, thereby improving acceleration efficiency.

[0023] The principle of airflow acceleration in a Venturi tube is as follows: The converging tube adopts a Venturi tube structure, whose classic design includes an inlet section, a contraction section, a throat, and a diffuser section. The end with the smaller inner diameter is connected to the main body of the dust collector. The core principle utilizes the energy conversion law of fluids to achieve secondary and efficient acceleration of the airflow. The specific principle is as follows: The venturi tube features a tapered, gradually tapering section that rapidly increases kinetic energy. The tapering section transitions from a large-diameter end connected to the air intake hood to a small-diameter end at the throat. This is based on the continuity equation in fluid mechanics. (Where Q is the fluid flow rate, A is the flow cross-sectional area, and v is the flow velocity). When the airflow enters from the constriction section, the flow cross-sectional area A gradually decreases. Under the premise that the flow rate Q remains constant, the airflow velocity v must increase accordingly. At the same time, according to Bernoulli's equation, the static pressure energy of the airflow is converted into kinetic energy. At the throat position, the cross-sectional area is the smallest, and the airflow velocity reaches its maximum value, achieving concentrated acceleration of the airflow.

[0024] Stable flow velocity at the throat ensures efficient dust removal: The throat of the venturi tube has a constant diameter structure, and the airflow accelerated after the contraction section forms a stable high-speed airflow at the throat. This design not only avoids turbulence caused by abrupt changes in cross-section after acceleration, but also provides a stable inlet air velocity for the subsequent cyclone dust collector. After the high-speed airflow enters the cyclone dust collector, it generates stronger centrifugal force, efficiently separating sand and gravel from the airflow, ensuring the cleanliness of the airflow output to the protective block, and guaranteeing the stable formation of the annular air curtain.

[0025] Adapting to upstream airflow and reducing energy loss: The inlet section of the Venturi tube smoothly connects to the outlet of the air collection hood, and its gradually narrowing angle matches the airflow trajectory at the end of the Archimedean spiral surface, avoiding airflow impact and eddies at the junction of the two structures. This structural adaptability reduces energy loss of the airflow during the transition process, allowing the airflow, pre-accelerated by the spiral surface, to smoothly enter the Venturi tube and continue to complete the kinetic energy boost, achieving the dual effect of "pre-acceleration + concentrated acceleration".

[0026] The gear ring 33 and the drive gear 7 cooperate with each other, so that when the servo motor 6 drives the drive gear 7 to rotate, it can drive the cyclone dust collector 3 to rotate through gear transmission, thereby changing the orientation of the horn-shaped air inlet hood 34 so that the airflow direction of the natural wind corresponds to it, thereby reducing the loss of natural wind entering the cyclone dust collector 3. In addition, the cyclone dust collector 3 can remove impurities from the natural wind entering it, that is, separate the airflow from the sand and gravel, so that the output airflow is clean airflow. Furthermore, the cyclone dust collector 3 collects natural wind, accelerates it, and then outputs it. Therefore, the faster the natural wind speed, the faster the output airflow speed, and the two are directly proportional.

[0027] Example 3: like Figures 5-8 , Figures 15-17 As shown, the protective block 4 includes an inner shell 41, which is connected to the exhaust port of the dust collector body 31. An outer shell 42 is provided inside the inner shell 41. The outer shell 42 and the inner shell 41 are connected to each other by a plurality of first connecting blocks 43 and second connecting blocks 44. The plurality of first connecting blocks 43 and second connecting blocks 44 are respectively arranged in a ring at equal intervals. There are spaces between two adjacent first connecting blocks 43 and between two adjacent second connecting blocks 44 to allow airflow. An annular jet nozzle 46 and an annular air chamber 45 are arranged between the inner shell 41 and the outer shell 42 from top to bottom. A spherical transparent cover 47 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the outer shell 42 via a vertical rod. A top stop 48 is provided at the top of the spherical transparent cover 47 via a vertical rod. The spherical transparent cover 47 is a transparent spherical cover with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the annular jet nozzle 46. The top stop 48 is an inverted cone with a top diameter larger than the diameter of the annular jet nozzle 46. Based on the above, the first connecting block 43 and the second connecting block 44 cooperate with each other, so that the inner shell 41 and the outer shell 42 can be connected to each other, and the airflow can flow inside them. That is, the airflow discharged from the cyclone dust collector 3 flows through the space between two adjacent first connecting blocks 43 and two adjacent second connecting blocks 44, thereby ensuring that the airflow can enter the interior of the annular air chamber 45 and be ejected from the annular jet nozzle 46. The ejected airflow forms an upward annular air curtain, which plays a protective role for the spherical transparent cover 47, and prevents natural wind from directly contacting the spherical transparent cover 47. This can prevent sand and gravel carried by natural wind from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47. Furthermore, the spherical transparent cover 47 can protect the first light transmittance sensor 5 and allow light to pass through the spherical transparent cover 47 and be received by the first light transmittance sensor 5, thereby enabling the monitoring of the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover 47, that is, the light transmittance of the material in the environment when it is not covered with sand. By comparing this with the reference, the degree of sand covering on the surface of the glass cover 13 can be known. The spherical design of the spherical transparent cover 47 can also avoid the coverage of sand and gravel, and ensure that the data detected by the first light transmittance sensor 5 is not affected by sand and gravel as much as possible. The top baffle 48 serves to block the top of the annular air curtain, preventing sand and gravel from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47 when the airflow flows from top to bottom. Furthermore, the inverted cone design ensures that the airflow is more stable when it diffuses after the annular air curtain collides with the cone surface, thus avoiding turbulence.

[0028] like Figure 18 As shown, a sealing component 9 is provided at the annular jet nozzle 46. The sealing component 9 includes an inner rubber ring 91 and an outer rubber ring 92. The inner rubber ring 91 is provided along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell 42, and the outer rubber ring 92 is provided along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell 41 and is in contact with the inner rubber ring 91. The cross-section of the sealing component 9 is herringbone. Based on the above, the sealing component 9 is designed to seal the annular jet nozzle 46. In a windless environment, it can prevent sand and gravel from entering the interior of the annular jet nozzle 46. In a windy environment, during the annular airflow ejection process, the inner rubber ring 91 and the outer rubber ring 92 undergo elastic deformation, and an annular gap is generated between them. The airflow is ejected from the annular gap to form an annular air curtain.

[0029] Example 4: A method for using a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device includes the following steps: S1. Set up a control module according to the photovoltaic panel, so that the first transmittance sensor 5 inside the control module is in the illumination range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, to ensure that the first transmittance sensor can obtain stable illumination data. Set up a wind vane, which controls the servo motor 6 through the controller. The wind vane is a commonly used wind vane in the existing technology. The wind vane can monitor the wind direction in the environment and decide whether to start the servo motor 6 through the controller, and control the rotation direction and rotation angle of the servo motor 6. An angle sensor can also be used together here to monitor the rotation angle of the servo motor 6 more accurately. S2. The wind direction is monitored by an anemometer, and the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 is adjusted by driving the servo motor 6 so that the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 faces the wind direction, that is, the natural wind can directly blow into the interior of the horn-shaped air intake hood 34. The servo motor 6 drives the drive gear 7 to rotate, and drives the gear ring 33 and the dust collector body 31 to rotate through gear transmission. During the rotation of the dust collector body 31, the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 is rotated, thereby changing the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 to ensure that it can meet the wind direction of the natural wind, so that the natural wind can directly blow into the interior of the horn-shaped air intake hood 34, realizing the collection of natural wind. The collected natural wind is accelerated by the action of the Archimedes spiral surface and the Venturi tube and then enters the interior of the cyclone dust collector 3, and is output from the exhaust port of the cyclone dust collector 3. The output airflow cooperates with the protective block 4 to generate an annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover 47. S3. By collecting and comparing the data from the first light transmittance sensor 5 and the second light transmittance sensor 8, the deviation value of the light transmittance of the glass cover 13 relative to the normal state can be obtained. That is, the sand covering rate can be monitored by the deviation value. The second light transmittance sensor 8 can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover 13, while the first light transmittance sensor 5 can monitor the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover 47 of the same material. By comparing the data of the two, the degree of sand covering on the surface of the glass cover 13 can be understood.

[0030] In conclusion, by setting up photovoltaic modules and control modules, the present invention obtains the baseline transmittance and actual transmittance through the first and second transmittance sensors, respectively. Furthermore, the spherical transparent cover 47 and the glass cover plate 13 are made of the same material, which eliminates the interference of material differences and changes in the lighting environment on the monitoring results and greatly improves the accuracy of sand cover rate assessment. The cyclone dust collector 3 in the reference component can separate sand particles in the airflow, and the protective block can generate a stable annular air curtain. Together with the top baffle 48, it forms an all-round protection system, effectively preventing the spherical transparent cover 47 from being covered by wind and sand, and ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the reference data. At the same time, the sealing component 9 seals the annular jet nozzle 46 when there is no wind, further preventing sand particles from entering. Through the linkage design of the wind vane, servo motor 6, gear transmission mechanism and cyclone dust collector 3, the wind direction can be tracked in real time, the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake hood 34 can be adjusted to maximize the collection of natural wind, ensure the continuous stability of the annular air curtain, adapt to the climate characteristics of the desert region with variable wind direction, and this device does not need to rely on manual or drone inspections to realize real-time monitoring of the sand-covered status of photovoltaic panels, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs.

[0031] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device, characterized in that: Includes photovoltaic modules (1) and control modules; The photovoltaic module (1) includes a photovoltaic panel (12) and a glass cover (13), with the glass cover (13) positioned above the photovoltaic panel (12) and a second light transmittance sensor (8) positioned between them. The control assembly includes an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover (47). The spherical transparent cover (47) is equipped with a first light transmittance sensor (5). The air curtain protection assembly is located at the bottom of the spherical transparent cover (47) and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover (47). The air curtain protection assembly includes a cyclone dust collector (3) and a protective block (4). The cyclone dust collector (3) includes a dust collector body (31). A horn-shaped air inlet hood (34) is provided on the circumferential surface of the dust collector body (31). The horn-shaped air inlet hood (34) includes an air collecting hood (341). The inner wall of the air collecting hood (341) is an Archimedean spiral surface. One end of the air collecting hood (341) is connected to the dust collector body (31) through a converging tube (342). The converging tube (342) is a Venturi tube, and its smaller inner diameter end is connected to the dust collector body (31). The protective block (4) includes an inner shell (41), which is connected to the exhaust port of the dust collector body (31), and an outer shell (42) is provided inside the inner shell (41). An annular jet nozzle (46) and an annular air chamber (45) are arranged between the inner shell (41) and the outer shell (42) from top to bottom. A spherical transparent cover (47) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the outer shell (42) via a vertical rod, and a top stop (48) is provided at the top of the spherical transparent cover (47) via a vertical rod.

2. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (12), the glass cover plate (13), and the second transmittance sensor (8) are all located inside the photovoltaic bracket (11). The second transmittance sensor (8) is located below the glass cover plate (13) and can monitor the transmittance of the glass cover plate (13).

3. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference component includes a fixing frame (2), which includes a fixing base (21), a support rod (22), a mounting base (23), and an annular top block (24) arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The top of the fixing base (21) is a conical design, and multiple support rods (22) are provided at the top of the conical surface. The multiple support rods (22) are distributed in an annular equidistant manner. Multiple V-shaped rollers (25) are provided on the inner wall of the annular top block (24). The multiple V-shaped rollers (25) are distributed in an annular equidistant manner.

4. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting base (23) has a central hole (26) and a protective groove (28) arranged from top to bottom at the center of the upper surface. The mounting base (23) has a transmission cavity (27) inside, which is connected to the central hole (26). The mounting base (23) has a servo motor (6) on its upper surface. The output shaft of the servo motor (6) extends into the transmission cavity (27) and has a drive gear (7).

5. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dust collector body (31) is located above the annular top block (24) and passes through the annular top block (24) and the central hole (26) in sequence, and extends into the interior of the protective groove (28). A protective block (4) is provided on the top of the dust collector body (31).

6. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dust collector body (31) is fitted with an annular V-shaped guide rail (32) and a gear ring (33) from top to bottom. The annular V-shaped guide rail (32) is located inside the annular top block (24) and its outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller (25). The gear ring (33) is located inside the central hole (26) and meshes with the drive gear (7).

7. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (42) and the inner shell (41) are connected to each other by a plurality of first connecting blocks (43) and second connecting blocks (44). The plurality of first connecting blocks (43) and second connecting blocks (44) are distributed in a ring at equal intervals, and there is space between two adjacent first connecting blocks (43) and between two adjacent second connecting blocks (44) to allow airflow.

8. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: spherical The transparent cover (47) is a transparent spherical cover with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the annular jet nozzle (46). The top block (48) is an inverted cone with a top diameter larger than the diameter of the annular jet nozzle (46).

9. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing assembly (9) is provided at the annular jet nozzle (46). The sealing assembly (9) includes an inner rubber ring (91) and an outer rubber ring (92). The inner rubber ring (91) is provided along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell (42), and the outer rubber ring (92) is provided along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell (41) and is in contact with the inner rubber ring (91). The cross-section of the sealing assembly (9) is herringbone.

10. A method of using the photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Set up a reference component according to the photovoltaic panel so that the first transmittance sensor (5) inside the reference component is in the illumination range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, and set up a wind vane. The wind vane controls the servo motor (6) through the controller. S2. The wind direction is monitored by the wind vane, and the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake (34) is adjusted by driving the servo motor (6) so that the horn-shaped air intake (34) faces the wind direction, that is, the natural wind can directly blow into the interior of the horn-shaped air intake (34). S3. By collecting and comparing the data from the first light transmittance sensor (5) and the second light transmittance sensor (8), the deviation value of the light transmittance of the glass cover plate (13) relative to the normal state is obtained, that is, the sand covering rate is monitored by the deviation value.

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