Passive trigger based distributed micro energy storage emergency door opening system and method

Abstract

A kind of vehicle door emergency opening system based on passive trigger distributed micro energy storage and method thereof, it relates to new energy vehicle safety technical field, system is integrated with distributed energy storage unit, passive trigger detection module, signal fusion processing module, vehicle door actuator in each vehicle door;Distributed energy storage unit includes super capacitor group;Passive trigger detection module includes power failure detection circuit, signal detection start switch circuit, fault signal detection unit;Signal fusion processing module includes adder fusion circuit and schmitt trigger;Vehicle door actuator is driven vehicle door unlocking after receiving the digital trigger signal of schmitt trigger and opens.This application automatically switches power supply when power failure, through passive trigger link, without central controller can be independently identified fault state;At the same time, introduce each sensor signal weighted summation strategy, combined with the hysteresis comparison judgment function of schmitt trigger, effectively reduce false trigger rate, improve judgment accuracy, can realize fast, reliable door opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle safety technology, specifically to a door emergency opening system and method based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, traditional mechanical door locks are gradually being replaced by electric door lock systems. Electric door locks rely on the vehicle's power supply to drive a motor or electromagnetic actuator to lock and unlock the doors. They have advantages such as convenient operation, precise control, and intelligent linkage. However, in the event of a collision, fire, or water ingress, the vehicle's main power supply or front-end battery pack is easily damaged or automatically shut off, causing the electric door lock to lose its power supply capability, making the doors unable to open, trapping occupants inside the vehicle, and seriously affecting rescue efficiency and life safety.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has developed several emergency door unlocking technologies. For example, some electric vehicles incorporate centralized backup battery packs or emergency power modules in addition to the main power supply to continue powering the door locks when the main power fails. Other solutions use onboard control units (such as the Body Control Module (BCM) or Microcontroller Unit (MCU)) to automatically issue unlocking commands upon detecting a collision signal, enabling emergency unlocking. Some models also incorporate mechanical emergency cables or manual unlocking mechanisms inside the door for driver operation in special circumstances. Furthermore, research has proposed circuit designs that utilize a single sensor (such as an acceleration sensor or airbag trigger signal) to automatically trigger unlocking after a collision; these solutions improve the unlocking problem to some extent in the event of a power outage. However, these existing technologies still have significant shortcomings: (1) Centralized backup power supplies are prone to failure simultaneously with the main power supply during vehicle collisions or fires, and the power supply path is long and the energy transmission efficiency is low; (2) Most solutions rely on the vehicle control unit for active judgment and command triggering, and will not work once the main control unit loses power or communication is interrupted; (3) Triggering methods based on a single sensor (such as airbags or acceleration) have low recognition accuracy and are easily affected by external factors such as vibration and noise, resulting in false triggering or missed triggering; (4) Traditional mechanical cable-type emergency structures are difficult to operate in environments with vehicle deformation, high temperature or immersion in water, and have poor reliability; (5) In addition, the signal processing and power supply switching response speed of existing solutions is slow, and it is impossible to quickly complete the door opening action at critical moments. In summary, existing technologies cannot achieve emergency door opening without external power supply, reliable judgment, rapid response and safety in extreme situations such as vehicle power failure and main control unit failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle door emergency opening system and method based on passive triggering distributed micro energy storage, so as to realize automatic, fast and reliable opening of vehicle doors after power failure.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an emergency door opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro energy storage. The system adopts a single-door autonomous architecture, and each door integrates a distributed energy storage unit, a passive triggering detection module, a signal fusion processing module, and a door actuator. The distributed energy storage unit is equipped with an independent supercapacitor group for each car door. It is normally charged by the car's main power supply, and automatically switches to the main power supply when the car's main power supply is interrupted. The passive trigger detection module includes a power failure detection circuit, a signal detection start-up switch circuit, and a fault signal detection unit. The power failure detection circuit detects in real time when the vehicle's main power supply voltage drops to a threshold, issues a power failure detection flag, and activates the signal detection start-up switch circuit. The signal detection start-up switch circuit is used to connect the supercapacitor bank and the fault signal detection unit, which is used to detect and output a fault signal that triggers a power failure. The signal fusion processing module includes an adder fusion circuit and a Schmitt trigger. The adder fusion circuit performs weighted summation or logical combination on the signals sent from the fault signal detection unit to obtain a fused signal. The Schmitt trigger converts the fused signal from the adder fusion circuit into a digital trigger signal. The door actuator drives the door to unlock and open after receiving the digital trigger signal from the Schmitt trigger.

[0006] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the supercapacitor bank is a solid-state supercapacitor bank, which is connected to the vehicle's main power supply through a charging protection voltage regulator circuit. The charging protection voltage regulator circuit includes a fuse F1, a Zener diode D3, and a filter capacitor C3. One end of the fuse F1 is connected to the output terminal of the vehicle's main power supply. The other end of the fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D3 and one end of the filter capacitor C3, respectively. The anode of the Zener diode D3 and the other end of the filter capacitor C3 are connected to the GND terminal, respectively. The common node of the fuse F1, the Zener diode D3, and the filter capacitor C3 is connected to the charging input port of the supercapacitor bank to provide charging voltage for the supercapacitor.

[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the power failure detection circuit includes resistors R1, R2, and R3, capacitors C1 and C2, anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2, and operational amplifier U1. The main power supply of the vehicle is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the anode of anti-backflow diode D1, and the other end of resistor R2 is connected to capacitor C1, one end of resistor R1, and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1. The other ends of capacitor C1 and resistor R1 are connected to GND. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected to one end of resistor R3, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor bank. The cathodes of anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2 and one end of capacitor C2 are connected to the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U1, the anode of anti-backflow diode D2 is connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor bank, the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded, and the output terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input terminal of the signal detection start switch circuit.

[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the signal detection start-up switch circuit includes a PNP transistor Q1 and a resistor R4. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the base of the PNP transistor Q1 through the resistor R4. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor group. The collector of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the VCC rail. The VCC rail supplies power to the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit and the Schmitt trigger.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the fault signal detection unit includes an ultrasonic sensor for detecting airbag deployment, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the vehicle, and an acceleration sensor or vibration sensor for detecting vibration; the ultrasonic sensor is installed on the inside of the door, the acceleration sensor or vibration sensor is embedded in the door handle, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the side of the door near the battery pack; the signal output terminal of each sensor is connected to the input terminal of the adder fusion circuit.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the adder fusion circuit includes an operational amplifier U2, the signal input terminal of which is connected to the signal output terminal of the fault signal detection unit, and the signal output terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the input terminal of the Schmitt trigger; the Schmitt trigger includes an operational amplifier U3, the output terminal of which is connected to the door actuator; the Schmitt trigger converts the fusion signal of the adder fusion circuit into a digital trigger signal with hysteresis to avoid signal jitter.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the door actuator adopts a dual redundant actuator, including a motor pushing device and a backup release mechanism, wherein the backup release mechanism is a shape memory alloy actuator or a chemical gas generation device.

[0012] Another technical solution of the present invention is an opening method for an emergency door opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage. The method is as follows: When the vehicle is driving normally, the vehicle's main power supply charges the supercapacitor bank, the power failure detection circuit outputs a high level, and the signal detection start-up switch circuit is in standby mode. When a vehicle malfunction causes a power failure in the vehicle's main power supply, the voltage of the main power supply drops below a threshold. The power failure detection circuit issues a power failure flag and activates the signal detection start-up switch circuit. The supercapacitor bank is switched to be powered by a fault signal detection unit, an adder fusion circuit, and a Schmitt trigger. The fault signal detection unit detects the fault signal and outputs a corresponding voltage signal, which is filtered, amplified, and then transmitted to the adder fusion circuit. The adder performs a weighted summation or logical combination of the multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit. If the summation result exceeds a set threshold, the Schmitt trigger outputs a digital trigger signal. After receiving the digital trigger signal, the door actuator drives the door to unlock and open.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the fault signal detection unit detects fault signals in the following ways: when a fault occurs, the vehicle's airbags deploy, and an ultrasonic sensor installed on the inside of the door detects that an airbag has deployed in front, outputting a signal voltage V_US; when the vehicle experiences a severe impact, an acceleration sensor or vibration sensor embedded in the door handle detects the severe impact signal of the vehicle, outputting a voltage signal V_IB; when there is a battery or gas burning inside the vehicle, a temperature sensor installed on the side of the door near the battery pack detects a heat signal, outputting a voltage signal V_TEMP.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the weighted summation of the multiple signals of the fault signal detection unit by the adder is specifically as follows: the operational amplifier U2 is used to set weighting coefficients of 1:2:2 for the ultrasonic signal, vibration signal, and temperature signal respectively to achieve weighted summation; the logic combination is specifically as follows: for each of the ultrasonic signal V_US, temperature signal V_TEMP, and vibration signal V_IB exceeding the threshold, N points are assigned, and the cumulative score exceeds M to trigger; the digital trigger signal output by the Schmitt trigger specifically includes: a positive feedback Schmitt trigger composed of operational amplifier U3, setting a high threshold voltage V_H and a low threshold voltage V_L, and adjusting the sensitivity and anti-false trigger capability of the hysteresis width balancing circuit; its output signal is used to drive the power amplifier circuit or relay, or trigger a single pulse circuit, thereby realizing the control of the door actuator.

[0015] Due to the above structure, the vehicle door emergency opening system and method based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage of the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. The system of this invention includes a distributed energy storage unit, a passive trigger detection module, a signal fusion processing module, and a door actuator; wherein the distributed energy storage unit is a supercapacitor bank, the passive trigger detection module includes a power failure detection circuit, a signal detection start-up switch circuit, and a fault signal detection unit; the signal fusion processing module includes an adder fusion circuit and a Schmitt trigger. When the vehicle is in normal operation, the main power supply charges the supercapacitor bank, and the signal detection start-up switch circuit is in standby mode; when a vehicle malfunction causes a power failure, the main power supply voltage drops below a threshold, the power failure detection circuit issues a power failure flag, and activates the signal detection start-up switch circuit, switching the supercapacitor bank to be powered by the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit, and the Schmitt trigger; the fault signal detection unit detects the fault signal, outputs a corresponding voltage signal, which is filtered and amplified before being transmitted to the adder fusion circuit; the adder performs a weighted summation or logical combination of the multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit, and if the summation result exceeds a set threshold, the Schmitt trigger outputs a digital trigger signal; after receiving the digital trigger signal, the door actuator drives the door to unlock and open. Therefore, the present invention enables the vehicle doors to open automatically after a power outage.

[0016] 2. The system of this invention sets up an independent distributed energy storage unit near each vehicle door. Normally, it is charged by the vehicle's main power supply, and automatically switches to power supply during power outages to provide energy for the emergency circuit and door drive. A purely hardware-based passive triggering link is constructed using a power outage detection circuit, a signal fusion adder, and a Schmitt trigger, enabling independent identification of accident conditions without a central controller. Simultaneously, a weighted summation strategy of ultrasonic, vibration, and temperature signals, combined with pulse width filtering and the hysteresis comparison function of the Schmitt trigger, effectively reduces the false trigger rate and improves judgment accuracy. The system drives the door electromagnetic lock or releases the torsion spring energy storage mechanism after a millisecond-level response, achieving fast and reliable door opening.

[0017] 3. This invention adopts a single-door autonomous architecture, with each door equipped with an independent supercapacitor group, detection and execution unit. Even if the main power supply of the car is interrupted or the wiring harness is damaged, the door can still work independently, greatly improving the reliability of power supply.

[0018] In addition, the present invention is equipped with a dual-redundant electric-motor actuator to ensure that the door can still be opened in case of motor failure, thereby further improving the reliability of the system.

[0019] 4. The supercapacitor bank of the present invention stores energy under normal conditions and automatically switches to power supply after power failure. It can detect fault signals without external power supply, get rid of dependence on vehicle control unit, and avoid system paralysis caused by main control failure.

[0020] 5. This invention uses solid-state supercapacitors as energy storage units, which have excellent low-temperature performance and long cycle life, are adaptable to extreme environments, are low in cost and lightweight, and are suitable for large-scale popularization; moreover, this invention has second-level signal processing and execution response, modular plug-and-play design, strong adaptability, convenient for both pre-installation and aftermarket installation, and adopts plug-and-play design without the need for major modifications to the vehicle structure.

[0021] In summary, this invention improves emergency door opening performance in terms of reliability, low cost, environmental adaptability, and engineering application, and is applicable not only to new energy electric vehicles but also to gasoline vehicles.

[0022] The technical features of the vehicle door emergency opening system and method based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 Example 1: Overall architecture block diagram of the vehicle door emergency opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro energy storage; Figure 2 : Circuit diagram of the emergency door opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro energy storage as described in Example 1; exist Figure 2 middle: Ⅰ-Charging protection voltage regulator circuit, Ⅱ-Power failure detection circuit, Ⅲ-Signal detection start switch circuit, IV - Fault signal detection unit, V - Adder fusion circuit, VI - Schmitt trigger. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Example 1

[0025] An emergency door opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro energy storage is disclosed. The system adopts a single-door autonomous architecture, that is, each door integrates a distributed energy storage unit, a passive triggering detection module, a signal fusion processing module, and a door actuator. The distributed energy storage unit is equipped with an independent supercapacitor group for each car door. It is normally charged by the car's main power supply, and automatically switches to the main power supply when the car's main power supply is interrupted. The passive trigger detection module includes a power failure detection circuit, a signal detection start-up switch circuit, and a fault signal detection unit. The power failure detection circuit detects in real time when the vehicle's main power supply voltage drops to a threshold, issues a power failure detection flag, and activates the signal detection start-up switch circuit. The signal detection start-up switch circuit is used to connect the supercapacitor bank and the fault signal detection unit, which is used to detect and output a fault signal that triggers a power failure. The signal fusion processing module includes an adder fusion circuit and a Schmitt trigger. The adder fusion circuit performs weighted summation or logical combination on the signals sent from the fault signal detection unit to obtain a fused signal. The Schmitt trigger converts the fused signal from the adder fusion circuit into a digital trigger signal. The door actuator drives the door to unlock and open after receiving the digital trigger signal from the Schmitt trigger.

[0026] Among the above-mentioned components: The supercapacitor bank is a solid-state supercapacitor bank with a rated voltage of 12V. Its capacity is selected based on the vehicle door drive requirements. This supercapacitor bank is connected to the vehicle's main power supply via a charging protection and voltage regulation circuit. This circuit includes a fuse F1, a Zener diode D3, and a filter capacitor C3. The fuse F1 is a fast-resettable fuse used for overcurrent protection of the charging circuit. When the charging current is too high, the fuse F1 trips, cutting off the charging circuit. One end of the fuse F1 is connected to the output terminal of the vehicle's main power supply. The other end of the fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D3 and one end of the filter capacitor C3. The Zener diode D3 regulates the charging voltage, ensuring that the charging voltage input to the supercapacitor bank remains within the rated range. The filter capacitor C3 filters the charging voltage, further stabilizing it and reducing voltage fluctuations. The anode of the Zener diode D3 and the other end of the filter capacitor C3 are connected to the GND terminal. The common node of the fuse F1, Zener diode D3, and filter capacitor C3 is connected to the charging input port of the supercapacitor bank, providing the charging voltage to the supercapacitor bank.

[0027] The supercapacitor bank's functions include: providing short-duration, high-current pulse energy; topology: each door can have an independent supercapacitor unit, placed close to the end to reduce line loss; it can also have a central supercapacitor bank in conjunction with localized small-scale energy storage.

[0028] The power failure detection circuit includes resistors R1, R2, and R3, capacitors C1 and C2, anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2, and operational amplifier U1. The main power supply of the vehicle is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the anode of anti-backflow diode D1. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to capacitor C1, one end of resistor R1, and the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U1. The other ends of capacitor C1 and resistor R1 are connected to GND. The inverting input of operational amplifier U1 is connected to one end of resistor R3, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the output of the supercapacitor bank. The cathodes of anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2 and one end of capacitor C2 are connected to the power supply of operational amplifier U1. The anode of anti-backflow diode D2 is connected to the output of the supercapacitor bank. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The output of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input of the signal detection start switch circuit. When the car is not malfunctioning, the anti-backflow diode D1 is conducting and D2 is not conducting, and the car's main power supply normally powers the power failure detection circuit. When the car malfunctions, the anti-backflow diode D1 is not conducting and D2 is conducting. When the supercapacitor bank powers the power failure detection circuit, it prevents the electricity in the supercapacitor bank from flowing back into the car's main power supply. Backflow would cause the supercapacitor bank's energy to be consumed rapidly.

[0029] The function of this power failure detection circuit is to detect in real time when the vehicle's main power supply voltage drops to a set threshold, issue a power failure detection flag, and activate the signal detection start-up switch circuit. Implementation: Under normal circumstances, the vehicle's main power supply voltage is always greater than the supercapacitor bank voltage, operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level, and the subsequent fault signal detection unit does not detect it. When the vehicle's main power supply fails, the vehicle's main power supply voltage no longer supplies power to operational amplifier U1. At this time, the supercapacitor bank supplies power to U1. D1's function is to block the supercapacitor bank from charging the vehicle's main power supply voltage in reverse. U1 operates normally, comparing the voltages of the two input pins. When the positive terminal of operational amplifier U1 is lower than the negative threshold, a control signal is output to the signal detection start-up switch circuit. Timing: The power failure detection simultaneously triggers a delay or hold circuit to ensure that the supercapacitor can provide energy during subsequent processing and judgment.

[0030] The signal detection start-up switch circuit, serving as the main switch circuit for the supercapacitor power supply path, includes a PNP transistor Q1 and a resistor R4. The output terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the base of PNP transistor Q1 through resistor R4. The emitter of PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor bank, and the collector of PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the VCC rail. The VCC rail supplies power to the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit, and the Schmitt trigger. When the vehicle's main power supply experiences an emergency power failure, operational amplifier U1 outputs a low level, PNP transistor Q1 turns on, providing the supercapacitor voltage V_cap_batt to the VCC rail, supplying power to the fault signal detection unit and the signal fusion processing module.

[0031] The fault signal detection unit includes an ultrasonic sensor for detecting airbag deployment, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the vehicle, and a vibration sensor for detecting vibration. The signal output terminals of each sensor are connected to the input terminal of the adder fusion circuit. The ultrasonic sensor is installed on the inside of the door. When a car accident or emergency occurs, the car's airbag will deploy. The ultrasonic sensor detects an object in front and outputs a signal voltage V_US. The vibration sensor is embedded in the door handle. When a car accident or emergency occurs, the vibration sensor detects a severe impact and outputs a voltage signal V_IB. The temperature sensor is located on the side of the door near the battery pack. The function of the temperature sensor is to detect heat signals and output a voltage signal V_TEMP when an electric vehicle is involved in a car accident or emergency. Because the electric vehicle's battery is in the front, it may catch fire, or the gas may burn, making it impossible to open the electric vehicle door, preventing passengers from escaping in time, and preventing people outside from opening the door. After a power outage, the fault signal detection unit is powered by a supercapacitor bank. The fault signal detection unit is designed to be low-power to extend its available time. The output of each sensor is an analog voltage or digital pulse, which is filtered and amplified before being sent to the adder fusion circuit.

[0032] The adder fusion circuit includes an operational amplifier U2, the input of which is connected to the signal output of the fault signal detection unit, and the output of which is connected to the input of a Schmitt trigger. The adder fusion signal processing function performs "amplitude weighted summation" or logical combination on the analog signals from multiple sensors (ultrasonic signal V_US + temperature signal V_TEMP + vibration signal V_IB → strong trigger).

[0033] The Schmitt trigger includes an operational amplifier U3, the output of which is connected to the door actuator. The Schmitt trigger converts the fused signal from the adder fusion circuit into a hysteresis-enabled digital trigger signal to prevent signal jitter. The function of this Schmitt trigger is to convert the adder output (which may contain slow rise / fall) into a hysteresis-enabled digital trigger signal to prevent repeated triggering due to signal jitter.

[0034] The door actuator employs a dual-redundant mechanism, including a motor-driven pusher and a backup release mechanism. The motor-driven pusher uses a DC geared motor to drive a linear electric push rod. The backup release mechanism is a shape memory alloy actuator or a chemical gas generation device; both the motor-driven pusher and the backup release mechanism are existing technologies. When the Schmitt trigger outputs a high-level trigger signal, the DC geared motor starts, pushing the electric push rod to open the door. If the DC geared motor does not respond, the shape memory alloy actuator is energized and deforms, triggering the door release mechanism to open the door.

[0035] As a variation of this embodiment, the sensor used to detect vibration can also be an acceleration sensor.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] An opening method for a vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage, as described in Embodiment 1, specifically comprises: When the vehicle is running normally, the main power supply voltage is always greater than the supercapacitor bank voltage, and the main power supply charges the supercapacitor bank. The operational amplifier U1 in the power failure detection circuit outputs a high level, and the signal detection start-up switch circuit is in standby mode. When a vehicle malfunction causes a power failure, the main power supply voltage no longer supplies power to the operational amplifier U1. The main power supply voltage drops below a threshold, and the power failure detection circuit issues a power failure warning. At this time, the supercapacitor bank supplies power to the operational amplifier U1, and the operational amplifier U1 operates normally. The operational amplifier U1 compares the voltages of its two input pins to determine if the voltage is high enough to trigger the start-up switch. When the positive terminal of device U1 is less than the negative threshold, it outputs a control signal to the signal detection start switch circuit, and the supercapacitor bank switches to power the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit, and the Schmitt trigger. The fault signal detection unit detects the fault signal and outputs a corresponding voltage signal, which is then filtered, amplified, and transmitted to the adder fusion circuit. The adder performs a weighted summation or logical combination of the multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit. If the summation result or the logical combination result exceeds the set threshold, the Schmitt trigger outputs a digital trigger signal. After receiving the digital trigger signal, the door actuator drives the door to unlock and open, enabling emergency escape for the occupants.

[0038] The fault signal detection unit detects fault signals specifically including: when a fault occurs, the vehicle's airbags deploy, and the ultrasonic sensor installed at the door detects the deployed airbags in front and outputs a signal voltage V_US; when the vehicle experiences a severe impact, the acceleration sensor or vibration sensor embedded in the door handle detects the severe impact signal and outputs a voltage signal V_IB; when there is a battery or gas burning inside the vehicle, the temperature sensor installed at the door detects a heat signal and outputs a voltage signal V_TEMP.

[0039] The adder performs a weighted summation of multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit by using operational amplifiers to construct an adder amplifier U2. Different gains or biases are applied to different sensor signals to adjust the weights and thresholds. For example, an LM324 operational amplifier can be used to construct the adder amplifier, setting weighting coefficients of 1:2:2 for ultrasonic, vibration, and temperature signals respectively to achieve weighted summation. Triggering occurs if the weighted sum exceeds the threshold. The logic combination specifically assigns N points to each of the ultrasonic signal V_US, temperature signal V_TEMP, and vibration signal V_IB for exceeding the threshold. Triggering occurs when the cumulative score exceeds M. Self-calibration: Weights and thresholds can be fine-tuned using software or adjustment components when the vehicle has power, avoiding misjudgments caused by environmental or installation differences.

[0040] The digital trigger signal output by the Schmitt trigger specifically includes: a positive feedback Schmitt trigger composed of operational amplifier U3, which sets a high threshold voltage V_H and a low threshold voltage V_L, and balances the sensitivity and anti-false trigger capability of the circuit by adjusting the hysteresis width (hysteresis width ΔV = high threshold voltage V_H - low threshold voltage V_L); its output signal is used to drive a power amplifier circuit or a relay, or to trigger a single pulse circuit, thereby realizing the control of the door actuator.

Claims

1. A vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage, characterized in that, The system adopts a single-door autonomous architecture, with each door integrating a distributed energy storage unit, a passive trigger detection module, a signal fusion processing module, and a door actuator. The distributed energy storage unit is equipped with an independent supercapacitor group for each car door. It is normally charged by the car's main power supply, and automatically switches to the main power supply when the car's main power supply is interrupted. The passive trigger detection module includes a power failure detection circuit, a signal detection start-up switch circuit, and a fault signal detection unit. The power failure detection circuit detects in real time when the vehicle's main power supply voltage drops to a threshold, issues a power failure detection flag, and activates the signal detection start-up switch circuit. The signal detection start-up switch circuit is used to connect the supercapacitor bank and the fault signal detection unit, which is used to detect and output a fault signal that triggers a power failure. The signal fusion processing module includes an adder fusion circuit and a Schmitt trigger. The adder fusion circuit performs weighted summation or logical combination on the signals sent from the fault signal detection unit to obtain a fused signal. The Schmitt trigger converts the fused signal from the adder fusion circuit into a digital trigger signal. The door actuator drives the door to unlock and open after receiving the digital trigger signal from the Schmitt trigger. The fault signal detection unit includes an ultrasonic sensor for detecting airbag deployment, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the vehicle, and an acceleration sensor or vibration sensor for detecting vibration. The ultrasonic sensor is installed on the inside of the door, the acceleration sensor or vibration sensor is embedded in the door handle, and the temperature sensor is located on the side of the door near the battery pack. The signal output terminals of each sensor are connected to the input terminal of the adder fusion circuit.

2. The vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor bank is a solid-state supercapacitor bank, which is connected to the vehicle's main power supply through a charging protection and voltage regulation circuit. The charging protection and voltage regulation circuit includes a fuse F1, a Zener diode D3, and a filter capacitor C3. One end of the fuse F1 is connected to the output terminal of the vehicle's main power supply; the other end of the fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode D3 and one end of the filter capacitor C3; the anode of the Zener diode D3 and the other end of the filter capacitor C3 are connected to the GND terminal. The common node of fuse F1, Zener diode D3, and filter capacitor C3 is connected to the charging input port of the supercapacitor bank to provide charging voltage for the supercapacitor.

3. The vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power failure detection circuit includes resistors R1, R2, and R3, capacitors C1 and C2, anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2, and operational amplifier U1. The main power supply of the vehicle is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the anode of anti-backflow diode D1. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to capacitor C1, one end of resistor R1, and the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U1. The other ends of capacitor C1 and resistor R1 are connected to GND. The inverting input of operational amplifier U1 is connected to one end of resistor R3, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the output of the supercapacitor bank. The cathodes of anti-backflow diodes D1 and D2 and one end of capacitor C2 are connected to the power supply of operational amplifier U1. The anode of anti-backflow diode D2 is connected to the output of the supercapacitor bank. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The output of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input of the signal detection start switch circuit.

4. The vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal detection start-up switch circuit includes a PNP transistor Q1 and a resistor R4. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the base of the PNP transistor Q1 through the resistor R4. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor group. The collector of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the VCC rail. The VCC rail supplies power to the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit, and the Schmitt trigger.

5. The vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adder fusion circuit includes an operational amplifier U2, the signal input of which is connected to the signal output of the fault signal detection unit, and the signal output of which is connected to the input of a Schmitt trigger. The Schmitt trigger includes an operational amplifier U3, the output of which is connected to the door actuator. The Schmitt trigger converts the fusion signal of the adder fusion circuit into a hysteresis digital trigger signal to avoid signal jitter.

6. The vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The door actuator adopts a dual-redundant actuator, including a motor pushing device and a backup release mechanism. The backup release mechanism is a shape memory alloy actuator or a chemical gas generation device.

7. A method for opening a vehicle door emergency opening system based on passively triggered distributed micro-energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method is as follows: When the vehicle is running normally, the main power supply of the car charges the supercapacitor bank, the power failure detection circuit outputs a high level, and the signal detection start-up switch circuit is in standby mode; when the vehicle malfunctions and causes the main power supply of the car to fail, the main power supply voltage drops below the threshold, the power failure detection circuit issues a power failure sign, and starts the signal detection start-up switch circuit, and the supercapacitor bank switches to power supply for the fault signal detection unit, the adder fusion circuit and the Schmitt trigger. The fault signal detection unit detects the fault signal and outputs a corresponding voltage signal, which is then filtered, amplified, and transmitted to the adder fusion circuit. The adder performs a weighted summation or logical combination of the multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit. If the summation result or logical combination result exceeds a set threshold, the Schmitt trigger outputs a digital trigger signal. After receiving the digital trigger signal, the door actuator drives the door to unlock and open.

8. The opening method of the vehicle door emergency opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fault signal detection unit detects fault signals specifically including: when a fault occurs, the vehicle's airbags deploy, and an ultrasonic sensor installed on the inside of the door detects the deployed airbags and outputs a signal voltage V_US; when the vehicle experiences a severe impact, an acceleration sensor or vibration sensor embedded in the door handle detects the severe impact signal and outputs a voltage signal V_IB; when there is a battery or gas burning inside the vehicle, a temperature sensor installed on the side of the door near the battery pack detects a heat signal and outputs a voltage signal V_TEMP.

9. The opening method of the vehicle door emergency opening system based on passive triggering distributed micro-energy storage according to claim 8, characterized in that, The adder performs a weighted summation of the multiple signals from the fault signal detection unit by using operational amplifier U2 to set weighting coefficients of 1:2:2 for the ultrasonic signal, vibration signal, and temperature signal, respectively, to achieve weighted summation. The logic combination specifically involves assigning N points to each of the ultrasonic signal V_US, temperature signal V_TEMP, and vibration signal V_IB when they exceed the threshold, and triggering the circuit when the cumulative score exceeds M. The Schmitt trigger outputs a digital trigger signal that includes a positive feedback Schmitt trigger composed of operational amplifier U3, with a high threshold voltage V_H and a low threshold voltage V_L set, and the sensitivity and anti-false trigger capability of the hysteresis width balancing circuit adjusted. Its output signal is used to drive a power amplifier circuit or a relay, or to trigger a single pulse circuit, thereby controlling the door actuator.

Images