A hydrogen power unmanned aerial vehicle leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, specifically to a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered drones. The system includes two end plates and a fuel cell stack. Multiple anode chambers are divided into at least two anode chamber groups, each group comprising at least two anode chambers. It also includes a hydrogen distribution assembly, a residual hydrogen collection assembly, and a pressure sensor. By grouping the anode chambers of the fuel cell stack and matching them with independent and controllable hydrogen supply and residual hydrogen recovery pathways, an active safety architecture with rapid fault diagnosis and intelligent partitioning isolation capabilities is constructed. This solves the prominent problems of existing centralized hydrogen supply systems, which, when local leaks occur, cannot quickly locate and cut off the leak source, leading to continuous fuel consumption, increased leakage, and high risk of combustion and explosion due to the inability to isolate faults, as well as low overall system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, specifically to a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered drones. Background Technology

[0002] Existing hydrogen-powered drone fuel cell systems typically employ a centralized hydrogen supply and exhaust gas management architecture. Hydrogen is supplied to all anode chambers within the stack through a single common channel, and residual hydrogen after the reaction is also recovered through a single channel. While this architecture is simple in structure, it has inherent flaws in dealing with hydrogen leaks within the stack. When one or more anode chambers leak due to sealing failure, membrane electrode rupture, or other reasons, hydrogen will continue to be injected into the leaking chamber through the common channel. This not only leads to unnecessary fuel waste, significantly reducing system efficiency and flight time, but more importantly, the leaked hydrogen accumulates in the sealed or semi-sealed drone cabin, easily reaching the explosive limit, posing a serious risk of combustion and explosion, and threatening flight safety.

[0003] Currently, leak prevention designs for fuel cell systems mostly focus on passive or reactive measures such as external leak detection sensors, enhanced sealing, or pressure relief safety valves. While these methods can improve safety, they have significant limitations: first, they are slow to respond, often triggering only after hydrogen has leaked and accumulated; second, they are difficult to pinpoint, making it hard to accurately identify specific leaking units, leading to maintenance difficulties; and third, they are often inefficient, requiring a complete shutdown once an alarm is triggered, lacking the ability to degrade operations under fault conditions. For drone applications that demand high reliability, high safety, and a certain degree of fault tolerance, existing technologies cannot quickly and accurately cut off the hydrogen supply to the faulty unit at the root of the leak, thus failing to fundamentally prevent the leakage from continuing and the risk from escalating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered drones is provided. By grouping the anode chambers of the fuel cell stack and matching them with independent and controllable hydrogen supply and residual hydrogen recovery pathways, an active safety architecture with rapid fault diagnosis and intelligent partition isolation capabilities is constructed. This solves the prominent problems of existing centralized hydrogen supply systems, which cannot quickly locate and cut off the leak source when a local leak occurs, resulting in continuous fuel consumption, aggravated leakage, and high risk of combustion and explosion due to the inability to isolate faults, as well as low overall system reliability.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered drones, comprising two end plates and a fuel cell stack disposed between the two end plates. The fuel cell stack has anode chambers arranged at equal intervals along its width, and hydrogen and residual hydrogen channels communicating with all anode chambers. The plurality of anode chambers are divided into at least two anode chamber groups, each anode chamber group including at least two anode chambers. The system further includes a hydrogen distribution assembly disposed in the hydrogen channels, having a common hydrogen chamber and several hydrogen distribution chambers. Each hydrogen distribution chamber is correspondingly connected to one of the anode chamber groups. An active conduction component is provided between the common cavity and the hydrogen distribution cavity; a residual hydrogen manifold component is provided in the residual hydrogen channel, having a residual hydrogen common cavity and several residual hydrogen manifolds, each of the residual hydrogen manifolds being connected to an anode cavity group, and a unidirectional conduction component is provided between the residual hydrogen common cavity and the residual hydrogen manifolds; a pressure sensor is provided on the battery stack, with its detection end extending into the residual hydrogen manifold; wherein, when a pressure sensor detects that the pressure in its residual hydrogen manifold is lower than a set value, the active conduction component connected to the anode cavity group corresponding to that residual hydrogen manifold is turned off.

[0006] Preferably, the hydrogen splitting assembly includes a hydrogen splitting pipe disposed in the hydrogen channel, the hydrogen splitting pipe extending along the length direction of the hydrogen channel, a first dividing groove extending along its length direction being disposed on the top outer side of the hydrogen splitting pipe, first dividing pieces arranged at equal intervals along its length direction being disposed on the first dividing groove, the hydrogen splitting cavity being formed between adjacent first dividing pieces, the inner cavity of the hydrogen splitting pipe forming the hydrogen common cavity, a first connecting port being disposed at the bottom of the first dividing groove, the active conducting assembly being disposed at the first connecting port, and the hydrogen common cavity 31 formed in the hydrogen splitting pipe communicating with the hydrogen splitting cavity through the first connecting port.

[0007] Preferably, the active conduction component includes a movable seat that is movably disposed in the hydrogen distribution pipe along the width direction of the hydrogen distribution pipe. The movable seat is provided with a conduction port. When the vertical projection of the first connection port coincides with that of the conduction port, hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution chamber sequentially through the conduction port and the first connection port. When the conduction port and the first connection port intersect, the movable seat blocks the first connection port.

[0008] Preferably, the active conduction assembly further includes a linear push rod disposed on the outside of the battery stack, the output shaft of the linear push rod passing through the side of the battery stack and extending into the hydrogen common cavity, and the output shaft of the linear push rod being connected to the movable seat.

[0009] Preferably, the active conduction component further includes a first guide post disposed in the hydrogen splitting pipe. The first guide post extends along the width direction of the hydrogen splitting pipe, and a first connection port is provided on the movable seat. The first guide post passes through the first connection port and slides with it.

[0010] Preferably, the active conduction assembly further includes a first elastic reset element sleeved on the first guide post. The first elastic reset element is located between the movable seat and the inner wall of the hydrogen splitter tube, and is used to keep the conduction port and the first communication port in a normally open state.

[0011] Preferably, a rubber pad is provided on the side of the movable seat facing the inner wall of the hydrogen distribution pipe, and when the guide port and the first connecting port are in an interleaved state, the rubber pad abuts against the first connecting port.

[0012] Preferably, the residual hydrogen manifold assembly includes a residual hydrogen manifold pipe disposed in the residual hydrogen channel, the residual hydrogen manifold pipe extending along the length direction of the residual hydrogen channel, a second partition groove extending along its length direction being disposed on the outer side of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe, second partition pieces arranged at equal intervals along its length direction being disposed on the second partition groove, the residual hydrogen manifold cavity being formed between adjacent second partition pieces, the residual hydrogen common cavity being formed in the inner cavity of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe, a second communication port being disposed at the bottom of the second partition groove, and the unidirectional guiding assembly being disposed at the second communication port.

[0013] Preferably, the unidirectional guiding assembly includes a sealing plate disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen manifold, the sealing plate being located at the end of the second connection port facing the residual hydrogen common cavity, and a second elastic reset element being disposed between the sealing plate and the inner wall of the residual hydrogen manifold, the sealing plate elastically abutting against the second connection port.

[0014] Preferably, the unidirectional conduction assembly further includes a second guide post disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen common cavity, and a second connection port is provided on the sealing plate, with the second guide post passing through the second connection port and slidingly engaging with it.

[0015] The advantages of this application compared to the prior art are:

[0016] This application, by incorporating a hydrogen diversion component in the hydrogen channel of the battery stack and a residual hydrogen manifold component in the residual hydrogen channel, and through a partitioned design and pressure sensor interlocking, enables the system to respond in milliseconds and automatically cut off the hydrogen supply to the faulty area when an abnormal pressure is detected. This transforms the traditional "alarm after leakage" into "isolation upon leakage," fundamentally curbing the continuation of leakage and the escalation of risks. Simultaneously, the partitioned architecture gives the system fault tolerance; a fault in a single area will not paralyze the entire power system, ensuring the UAV's ability to continue flight or safely return in emergency situations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of part A.

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of section B.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the hydrogen splitting component and the residual hydrogen collection component in a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention, from a first-view perspective.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the hydrogen splitting component and the residual hydrogen collection component in a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention, viewed from a second perspective.

[0024] Figure 8 This is an exploded perspective view of a hydrogen distribution component in a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of a residual hydrogen manifold assembly in a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is an exploded perspective view of a residual hydrogen manifold component in a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for a hydrogen-powered drone according to the present invention.

[0027] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. End plate; 11. Hydrogen connector; 12. Residual hydrogen connector; 2. Battery stack; 23. Anode chamber assembly; 31. Hydrogen common chamber; 32. Hydrogen distribution chamber; 33. Hydrogen distribution pipe; 331. First partition groove; 332. First partition plate; 333. First connecting port; 4. Active conduction assembly; 41. Movable seat; 411. Conduction port; 42. Linear push rod; 43. First guide post; 44. First elastic reset element; 45. Rubber pad; 51. Residual hydrogen common chamber; 52. Residual hydrogen manifold; 53. Residual hydrogen manifold; 531. Second partition groove; 532. Second partition plate; 533. Second connecting port; 6. Unidirectional conduction assembly; 61. Sealing plate; 62. Second elastic reset element; 63. Second guide post; 7. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered drones includes two end plates 1 and a battery stack 2 disposed between the two end plates 1. The battery stack 2 has anode chambers arranged at equal intervals along its width, and hydrogen and residual hydrogen channels communicating with all anode chambers. The plurality of anode chambers are divided into at least two groups of anode chambers 23. Each anode chamber group 23 includes at least two anode chambers. The system also includes a hydrogen distribution assembly disposed in the hydrogen channels, having a common hydrogen chamber 31 and several hydrogen distribution chambers 32. Each hydrogen distribution chamber 32 is correspondingly connected to one of the anode chamber groups 23. The common hydrogen chamber 31 and the hydrogen distribution chambers... An active conduction component 4 is provided between 32; a residual hydrogen manifold component is provided in the residual hydrogen channel, having a residual hydrogen common cavity 51 and several residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52, each of the residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52 being connected to an anode cavity group 23, and a unidirectional conduction component 6 is provided between the residual hydrogen common cavity 51 and the residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52; a pressure sensor 7 is provided on the battery stack 2, and its detection end extends into the residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52; wherein, when a pressure sensor 7 detects that the pressure in its residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52 is lower than a set value, the active conduction component 4 connected to the anode cavity group 23 corresponding to that residual hydrogen manifold cavity 52 is turned off.

[0030] The active conduction component 4 includes, but is not limited to, conventional valve forms such as rotary valves, diaphragm valves, or proportional valves.

[0031] The battery stack 2 has multiple anode chambers arranged along its width, and is equipped with hydrogen supply channels and residual hydrogen recovery channels connected to them. The core improvement lies in that the system divides the multiple anode chambers into at least two independent anode chamber groups 23, each group containing several adjacent anode chambers, thereby achieving partitioned management in terms of both physical properties and flow path.

[0032] To achieve independent control of each zone, the system integrates a hydrogen distribution component and a residual hydrogen collection component. The hydrogen distribution component is located in the hydrogen channel and includes a common hydrogen chamber 31 and several hydrogen distribution chambers 32 corresponding one-to-one with each anode chamber group 23. An active conduction component 4 is provided between the common hydrogen chamber 31 and each hydrogen distribution chamber 32 to control the hydrogen supply to the corresponding anode chamber group 23.

[0033] Accordingly, the residual hydrogen manifold assembly is disposed in the residual hydrogen channel, comprising a common residual hydrogen cavity 51 and several residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52 corresponding one-to-one with each anode cavity group 23. Each residual hydrogen manifold cavity 52 collects unreacted hydrogen gas generated by its corresponding anode cavity group 23. Between the common residual hydrogen cavity 51 and each residual hydrogen manifold cavity 52, a one-way conduction assembly 6 is provided that only allows gas to flow from the manifold cavities to the common cavity. This design effectively prevents abnormal cross-flow of gas between channels.

[0034] To monitor the real-time operating status of each zone, a pressure sensor 7 is installed in each residual hydrogen manifold 52 to continuously monitor pressure changes within the chamber. The system's control unit is connected to all pressure sensors 7 and the active conduction component 4, forming a closed-loop safety control circuit.

[0035] The system's standard interface is implemented through end plate 1, which is equipped with a hydrogen input connector that is connected to the hydrogen channel and a residual hydrogen output connector that is connected to the residual hydrogen channel, facilitating connection with the UAV's hydrogen supply system and residual hydrogen treatment unit.

[0036] When the system is operating normally, hydrogen gas passes through hydrogen connector 11 and hydrogen common chamber 31, and is evenly distributed to each hydrogen distribution chamber 32 via all active conductive components 4 that are in the open state, and then enters the corresponding anode chamber group 23 to participate in the reaction. The residual hydrogen after the reaction enters the corresponding residual hydrogen manifold 52 through the outlet of each anode chamber group 23, and after collection, it opens the unidirectional conductive component 6 and flows into the residual hydrogen common chamber 51, and is finally discharged or recovered through residual hydrogen connector 12.

[0037] When a hydrogen leak occurs in an anode chamber group 23 due to sealing failure or other reasons, the pressure balance inside the chamber group will be disrupted, causing a characteristic pressure drop in the connected residual hydrogen manifold 52. The pressure sensor 7 in this area, upon detecting that the pressure value is below a preset safety threshold, immediately transmits a signal to the control unit. The control unit then issues a command to quickly shut down the active conduction component 4 upstream of the hydrogen diversion chamber 32 connected to the faulty anode chamber group 23. This action immediately cuts off the hydrogen supply to the leaking area, preventing further hydrogen leakage at its source. Simultaneously, due to the presence of the unidirectional conduction component 6, the operation of other normally functioning anode chamber groups 23 remains completely unaffected, and the system can automatically enter a degraded safety operation mode.

[0038] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the hydrogen splitting assembly includes a hydrogen splitting pipe 33 disposed in the hydrogen channel. The hydrogen splitting pipe 33 extends along the length direction of the hydrogen channel. A first dividing groove 331 extending along its length direction is disposed on the top outer side of the hydrogen splitting pipe 33. First dividing pieces 332 are disposed on the first dividing groove 331 and arranged at equal intervals along its length direction. The hydrogen splitting cavity 32 is formed between adjacent first dividing pieces 332. The inner cavity of the hydrogen splitting pipe 33 forms the hydrogen common cavity 31. A first connecting port 333 is disposed at the bottom of the first dividing groove 331. The active connecting component 4 is disposed at the first connecting port 333. The hydrogen common cavity 31 formed in the hydrogen splitting pipe 33 is connected to the hydrogen splitting cavity 32 through the first connecting port 333.

[0039] The hydrogen distribution assembly includes a hydrogen distribution pipe 33 disposed in the hydrogen channel. This hydrogen distribution pipe 33 extends along the length of the hydrogen channel, and its outer wall is provided with a first dividing groove 331 extending in the same direction. By providing a series of first dividing pieces 332 arranged at equal intervals along the length direction within the first dividing groove 331, independent hydrogen distribution chambers 32 are formed between adjacent dividing pieces. Each hydrogen distribution chamber 32 has an opening at its top, and each hydrogen distribution chamber 32 is connected to an anode chamber group 23 through its top opening, responsible for supplying hydrogen to that group of chambers.

[0040] The inner cavity of the hydrogen distribution pipe 33 forms the hydrogen common cavity 31 for collecting the input hydrogen. To achieve independent on / off control of each distribution cavity, a first connecting port 333 is opened at the bottom of the first separating groove 331 in the region corresponding to each hydrogen distribution cavity 32, so that each hydrogen distribution cavity 32 is connected to the hydrogen common cavity 31 through the corresponding first connecting port 333. The active conduction component 4, such as a miniature solenoid valve or a piezoelectric driven valve, is precisely positioned at each first connecting port 333. By controlling the opening and closing of these active conduction components 4, the system can independently and quickly control whether hydrogen is delivered to any specific anode cavity group 23, thus providing a basis for subsequent leakage zoning isolation.

[0041] Under normal operating conditions, all active conductive components 4 are activated, and hydrogen gas is evenly distributed from the common chamber to all hydrogen distribution chambers 32 via each first connection port 333. When the system control unit determines that a certain anode chamber group 23 has leaked based on the signal from the pressure sensor 7, it will immediately send a command to close the active conductive component 4 at the first connection port 333 corresponding to the fault area, thereby precisely cutting off the hydrogen source and achieving "rapid cut-off of the leak source".

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, the active conduction component 4 includes a movable seat 41 that is movably disposed in the hydrogen distribution pipe 33 along the width direction of the hydrogen distribution pipe 33. The movable seat 41 is provided with a conduction port 411. When the vertical projection of the first connection port 333 coincides with that of the conduction port 411, hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution chamber 32 through the conduction port 411 and the first connection port 333 in sequence. When the conduction port 411 and the first connection port 333 intersect, the movable seat 41 blocks the first connection port 333.

[0043] The movable seat 41 has a through-hole 411 extending through its body. By controlling the lateral position of the movable seat 41, the relative relationship between the through-hole 411 and the first connecting port 333 at the bottom of the first partition groove 331 is changed. When the system determines that the corresponding anode chamber group 23 needs to be supplied with hydrogen normally, the drive mechanism moves the movable seat 41 to a specific position, so that the vertical projection of the through-hole 411 and the vertical projection of the first connecting port 333 completely coincide. At this time, hydrogen can flow smoothly from the hydrogen common chamber 31 through the through-hole 411 and the first connecting port 333 in sequence, and enter the corresponding hydrogen distribution chamber 32, completing the gas supply to that section.

[0044] Conversely, when pressure sensor 7 detects an anomaly and triggers an isolation command, the drive mechanism will immediately actuate, pushing the movable seat 41 to move laterally, causing the conduction port 411 to intersect with the first connection port 333. In this state, the solid part of the movable seat 41 (i.e., its wall surface) will completely cover and block the first connection port 333, thereby physically and completely preventing hydrogen from flowing into the faulty area. This direct mechanical sealing method is rapid and reliable.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the active conduction assembly 4 also includes a linear push rod 42 disposed on the outside of the battery stack 2. The output shaft of the linear push rod 42 passes through the side of the battery stack 2 and extends into the hydrogen common cavity 31. The output shaft of the linear push rod 42 is connected to the movable seat 41.

[0046] To control the linear movement of the movable seat 41 and ensure reliable opening and closing of the hydrogen channel, the active conduction assembly 4 further includes a linear drive unit located outside the battery stack 2. Specifically, this unit is a linear push rod 42, whose output shaft is arranged along the width direction of the hydrogen distribution pipe 33. The linear push rod 42 includes, but is not limited to, an electromagnet or an electric push rod.

[0047] The linear push rod 42 is fixedly mounted on the external structure of the battery stack 2. Its output shaft passes through the side enclosure of the battery stack 2 and extends into the hydrogen common cavity 31 inside the hydrogen distribution pipe 33. The end of the output shaft is rigidly connected or effectively coupled to the movable seat 41 located in the hydrogen common cavity 31. Thus, the extension and retraction movement of the output shaft of the linear push rod 42 is directly converted into the lateral reciprocating movement of the movable seat 41 in the hydrogen common cavity 31, thereby precisely controlling the alignment or misalignment of its guide port 411 with the first communication port 333.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the active conduction component 4 also includes a first guide post 43 disposed in the hydrogen split pipe 33. The first guide post 43 extends along the width direction of the hydrogen split pipe 33. A first connection port is provided on the movable seat 41. The first guide post 43 passes through the first connection port and slides with it.

[0049] To ensure that the movable seat 41 moves smoothly and accurately in the hydrogen split pipe 33 along a predetermined direction and to prevent it from deflecting or getting stuck, the active conduction component 4 is further provided with a guiding mechanism.

[0050] The mechanism includes one or more first guide posts 43 fixedly disposed inside the hydrogen distribution pipe 33. These first guide posts 43 extend strictly along the width direction of the hydrogen distribution pipe 33 (i.e., the designed moving direction of the movable seat 41) and are firmly connected to the inner wall of the distribution pipe or the internal support structure.

[0051] Accordingly, a first connection port matching the first guide post 43 is provided on the movable seat 41. The first guide post 43 passes through the first connection port and forms a precise sliding fit with the inner wall of the first connection port. This structure strictly limits the movement of the movable seat 41 to a straight line along the axis of the first guide post 43.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the active conduction assembly 4 also includes a first elastic reset element 44 sleeved on the first guide post 43. The first elastic reset element 44 is located between the movable seat 41 and the inner wall of the hydrogen split pipe 33, and is used to keep the conduction port 411 and the first communication port 333 in a normally open state.

[0053] When the system is powered normally and no shutdown command is received, the output shaft of the linear actuator 42 is in the retracted or held position. At this time, the movable seat 41 is stabilized in the conducting position under the thrust of the first elastic reset element 44, ensuring a smooth hydrogen supply. When the control unit commands the linear actuator 42 to extend due to a leak detection, the linear actuator 42 must overcome the elastic force of the first elastic reset element 44 to push the movable seat 41 to compress the element and move to the closed position. Once the leak risk is eliminated or the system power supply is interrupted, the linear actuator 42 loses power, and the movable seat 41 will automatically and quickly reset to the normally open state under the restoring force of the first elastic reset element 44. This design conforms to the "fail-safe" principle, aiming to prioritize the power supply of the system.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, a rubber pad 45 is provided on the side of the movable seat 41 facing the inner wall of the hydrogen split pipe 33. When the guide port 411 and the first connecting port 333 are in an interleaved state, the rubber pad 45 abuts against the first connecting port 333.

[0055] To ensure that the movable seat 41 achieves an extremely high sealing level in the closed state and realizes zero leakage of hydrogen, the component integrates a dedicated elastic seal on the movable seat 41.

[0056] On the side of the movable seat 41 facing the inner wall of the hydrogen split pipe 33 (i.e., the side wall where the first connection port 333 is provided), a rubber pad 45 is provided surrounding the guide port 411. The rubber pad 45 is made of a special elastic material that is resistant to hydrogen permeation and the internal environment of the fuel cell (such as certain temperature and humidity), such as fluororubber or hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

[0057] When the linear actuator 42 drives the movable seat 41 to move, so that the guide port 411 and the first connecting port 333 are in an interleaved state (i.e., the closed position), the rubber pad 45 on the movable seat 41 is tightly pressed against the inner wall of the hydrogen distribution pipe 33 around the first connecting port 333. Through the elastic deformation of the rubber pad 45, a soft sealing ring with surface contact is formed at the first connecting port 333, thereby achieving physical sealing of the connecting port.

[0058] like Figure 5 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the residual hydrogen manifold assembly includes a residual hydrogen manifold pipe 53 disposed in the residual hydrogen channel. The residual hydrogen manifold pipe 53 extends along the length direction of the residual hydrogen channel. A second partition groove 531 extending along its length direction is disposed on the outer side of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe 53. Second partition pieces 532 are disposed on the second partition groove 531 and arranged at equal intervals along its length direction. The residual hydrogen manifold cavity 52 is formed between adjacent second partition pieces 532. The inner cavity of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe 53 forms the residual hydrogen common cavity 51. A second connecting port 533 is disposed at the bottom of the second partition groove 531. The unidirectional guiding component 6 is disposed at the second connecting port 533.

[0059] The residual hydrogen manifold assembly is a recovery structure that enables independent management and leak monitoring of zoned exhaust gases. This assembly includes a residual hydrogen manifold pipe 53 disposed within the residual hydrogen channel. This manifold pipe extends along the length of the residual hydrogen channel, and its outer wall is provided with a second partition groove 531 extending in the same direction. By arranging a series of second partition plates 532 equally spaced along the length direction within the second partition groove 531, residual hydrogen manifold cavities 52 are formed between adjacent partition plates, isolating them from each other. Each residual hydrogen manifold cavity 52 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of one corresponding anode chamber group 23, and is responsible for independently collecting the unconsumed hydrogen and exhaust gas mixture discharged after the reaction in that chamber group.

[0060] The inner cavity of the residual hydrogen manifold 53 constitutes the residual hydrogen common cavity 51, which collects and ultimately outputs the waste gas from each section. To allow waste gas from each manifold to flow into the common cavity while preventing reverse flow of gas between sections or from the common cavity, a second connecting port 533 is provided at the bottom of the second separating groove 531 in the area corresponding to each residual hydrogen manifold 52. The unidirectional flow assembly 6, such as an umbrella valve, a diaphragm check valve, or a miniature reed valve, is precisely installed at each second connecting port 533. This assembly is designed to allow gas to flow unidirectionally from the residual hydrogen manifold 52 into the residual hydrogen common cavity 51.

[0061] When the battery stack 2 is operating normally, the residual hydrogen generated by each anode chamber group 23 enters the corresponding residual hydrogen manifold 52. When the pressure inside the chamber is slightly higher than the pressure in the residual hydrogen common chamber 51, it opens the one-way conduction component 6 and flows into the common chamber, eventually being discharged from the system. If a leak occurs in a certain anode chamber group 23, the pressure in its corresponding residual hydrogen manifold 52 will show a characteristic drop, which will be captured in real time by the pressure sensor 7 of that chamber. At the same time, the one-way conduction component 6 can effectively prevent high-pressure exhaust gas from other normal zones or gas from the common chamber from flowing back into the faulty low-pressure area, avoiding cross-influence and misdiagnosis of faults, and ensuring the accuracy and independence of the pressure sensor 7 signal.

[0062] like Figure 5 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the unidirectional conduction assembly 6 includes a blocking plate 61 disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen manifold 53. The blocking plate 61 is located at one end of the second communication port 533 facing the residual hydrogen common cavity 51. A second elastic reset element 62 is disposed between the blocking plate 61 and the inner wall of the residual hydrogen manifold 53. The blocking plate 61 elastically abuts against the second communication port 533.

[0063] The unidirectional flow assembly 6 includes a sealing plate 61 disposed vertically inside the residual hydrogen manifold 53. The sealing plate 61 is positioned at the end of the second connection port 533 facing the residual hydrogen common cavity 51, and its size is designed to completely cover the opening of the second connection port 533. A second elastic reset element 62, such as a miniature helical spring or elastic washer, is disposed between the sealing plate 61 and the inner wall of the residual hydrogen manifold 53 (or a dedicated valve seat structure). This second elastic reset element 62 is pre-compressed or pre-stretched, thereby applying a continuous force to the sealing plate 61, directed towards the second connection port 533, so that the sealing plate 61 elastically abuts against and seals the edge of the second connection port 533 under normal conditions.

[0064] When the corresponding anode chamber group 23 is operating normally, the exhaust gas it discharges accumulates in the residual hydrogen manifold 52, and the pressure gradually increases. When this pressure is sufficient to overcome the pre-tightening force of the second elastic reset element 62 and the back pressure of the residual hydrogen common chamber 51, it pushes the sealing plate 61 to overcome the elastic force and leave the second connecting port 533, and the exhaust gas then flows into the residual hydrogen common chamber 51. When the pressure in the manifold drops or equalizes with the pressure in the common chamber, the second elastic reset element 62 immediately drives the sealing plate 61 to reset, resealing the second connecting port 533. This process ensures that the airflow can only flow unidirectionally from each independent manifold into the residual hydrogen common chamber 51, and reverse flow is never allowed.

[0065] like Figure 5 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the unidirectional conduction assembly 6 also includes a second guide post 63 disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen common cavity 51, and a second connection port is provided on the sealing plate 61. The second guide post 63 passes through the second connection port and slides with it.

[0066] When the pressure change within the residual hydrogen manifold 52 drives the opening and closing of the sealing plate 61, the sliding engagement between the second guide post 63 and the second connection port provides vertical guidance and centering. This ensures that the sealing plate 61 can always move vertically and perpendicularly to the plane of the second connection port, thereby achieving uniform, centered contact and separation with the edge of the valve port. This is crucial for achieving a reliable one-way seal: precise centering ensures that the sealing plate 61 can uniformly press the sealing surface when closed, preventing localized leakage due to tilting; when opening, vertical movement avoids scraping against the side of the valve port, ensuring smooth operation and a long service life for the components.

[0067] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising two end plates and a fuel cell stack disposed between the two end plates, the fuel cell stack having anode chambers arranged at equal intervals along its width, and hydrogen channels and residual hydrogen channels communicating with all anode chambers, characterized in that, The plurality of anode cavities are divided into at least two groups of anode cavity groups, each group of anode cavities comprising at least two anode cavities, and further comprising: A hydrogen distribution assembly is disposed in the hydrogen channel and has a common hydrogen cavity and several hydrogen distribution cavities. Each hydrogen distribution cavity is connected to an anode cavity group. An active conduction assembly is provided between the common hydrogen cavity and the hydrogen distribution cavities. A residual hydrogen manifold assembly is disposed in the residual hydrogen channel and has a common residual hydrogen cavity and several residual hydrogen manifold cavities. Each residual hydrogen manifold cavity is connected to an anode cavity group. A one-way conduction assembly is disposed between the common residual hydrogen cavity and the residual hydrogen manifold cavities. A pressure sensor is mounted on the battery stack, with its detection end extending into the residual hydrogen manifold. When a pressure sensor detects that the pressure in its residual hydrogen manifold is lower than a set value, the active conduction component connected to the anode chamber group corresponding to that residual hydrogen manifold is shut down. The hydrogen splitting assembly includes a hydrogen splitting pipe disposed in the hydrogen channel. The hydrogen splitting pipe extends along the length direction of the hydrogen channel. A first dividing groove extending along its length direction is disposed on the top outer side of the hydrogen splitting pipe. First dividing pieces are disposed on the first dividing groove and are arranged at equal intervals along its length direction. The hydrogen splitting cavity is formed between adjacent first dividing pieces. The inner cavity of the hydrogen splitting pipe forms the hydrogen common cavity. A first connecting port is disposed at the bottom of the first dividing groove. The active conducting assembly is disposed at the first connecting port. The hydrogen common cavity formed in the hydrogen splitting pipe is connected to the hydrogen splitting cavity through the first connecting port. The active conduction component includes a movable seat that is movably disposed in the hydrogen distribution pipe along the width direction of the hydrogen distribution pipe. The movable seat is provided with a conduction port. When the vertical projection of the first connecting port and the conduction port coincides, hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution chamber sequentially through the conduction port and the first connecting port. When the conduction port and the first connecting port intersect, the movable seat blocks the first connecting port. The residual hydrogen manifold assembly includes a residual hydrogen manifold pipe disposed in the residual hydrogen channel. The residual hydrogen manifold pipe extends along the length direction of the residual hydrogen channel. A second partition groove extending along its length direction is disposed on the outer side of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe. Second partition pieces are disposed on the second partition groove and are arranged at equal intervals along its length direction. The residual hydrogen manifold cavity is formed between adjacent second partition pieces. The inner cavity of the residual hydrogen manifold pipe forms the residual hydrogen common cavity. A second communication port is disposed at the bottom of the second partition groove. The unidirectional guiding assembly is disposed at the second communication port. The unidirectional conduit assembly includes a sealing plate disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen manifold. The sealing plate is located at the end of the second connection port facing the residual hydrogen common cavity. A second elastic reset element is disposed between the sealing plate and the inner wall of the residual hydrogen manifold. The sealing plate elastically abuts against the second connection port.

2. The leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active conduction assembly also includes a linear push rod located on the outside of the battery stack. The output shaft of the linear push rod passes through the side of the battery stack and extends into the hydrogen common cavity. The output shaft of the linear push rod is connected to the movable seat.

3. The leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active conduction assembly also includes a first guide post disposed in the hydrogen splitting pipe. The first guide post extends along the width direction of the hydrogen splitting pipe, and a first connection port is provided on the movable seat. The first guide post passes through the first connection port and slides with it.

4. A leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The active conduction assembly also includes a first elastic reset element sleeved on the first guide post. The first elastic reset element is located between the movable seat and the inner wall of the hydrogen split pipe, and is used to keep the conduction port and the first communication port in a normally open state.

5. A leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, A rubber pad is provided on the side of the movable seat facing the inner wall of the hydrogen splitting pipe. When the guide port and the first connecting port are in an interleaved state, the rubber pad abuts against the first connecting port.

6. A leak-proof hydrogen fuel cell system for hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unidirectional conduit assembly also includes a second guide post disposed vertically in the residual hydrogen common cavity, and a second connection port is provided on the sealing plate, with the second guide post passing through the second connection port and slidingly engaging with it.

Images