A GIS disconnector off-site defect identification method and system based on ultrasonic signal characteristic criterion

Abstract

The application discloses a GIS disconnecting switch ectopic defect identification method and system based on an ultrasonic signal feature criterion, belongs to the technical field of power equipment state detection, and comprises the following steps: S10, acquiring I related data, wherein the I related data comprises normal ultrasonic signals acquired at each part of a GIS disconnecting switch; the parts comprise a moving contact, a static contact and an operating mechanism; S20, acquiring II related data according to the I related data, wherein the II related data is normal ultrasonic signals reaching the contact surfaces of the moving contact, the static contact and the operating mechanism, and an ultrasonic signal library is generated based on the normal ultrasonic signals. The application realizes accurate identification and rapid positioning of ectopic defects by acquiring normal ultrasonic signals of key parts and constructing a signal library, and meanwhile, introduces deviation calculation, propagation attenuation analysis and statistical characteristics and the like, so that the reliability and stability of determination are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and system for identifying off-site defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of GIS equipment, disconnecting switches can work with circuit breakers to perform switching operations and change the operating mode in power systems. However, due to the invisibility of the internal opening and closing status of disconnecting switches in GIS equipment, and the unreliable status indications on the outside, it is impossible to determine whether the disconnecting switch is misaligned. This has led to several accidents in practical applications, necessitating the detection and judgment of misalignment defects in GIS disconnecting switches.

[0003] Regarding this research, application CN202510510209.0 provides a method, system, terminal, and medium for identifying GIS insulation defects. The technical solution includes: using an adaptive pulse sequence threshold determination method based on interquartile range to adaptively extract various partial discharge pulse signals within GIS, including HFCT, UHF, and optical detection equipment; extracting dimensionless energy binary features from HFCT, UHF, and AE partial discharge signals within a fixed acquisition time to generate feature vectors; establishing a multi-scale online incremental database of partial discharge in insulation defects; automatically adjusting the parameters of the incremental support vector machine model using a Bayesian optimization algorithm; and inputting the feature vectors into an SVM model with Bayesian-optimized hyperparameters for multi-parameter partial discharge identification.

[0004] Another application, CN202311485666.6, provides a method for locating partial discharge sources in GIS based on ultrasonic detection. The method includes the following steps: S1: Moving an ultrasonic sensor on the GIS equipment from point X to point Y to check the point of maximum partial discharge signal amplitude; S2: After finding the point of maximum signal amplitude, confirming the location of the discharge point (whether in the casing or in the central conductor); S3: Further confirming the signal location, as the GIS is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas, high-frequency signals are easily attenuated. This technical solution, combining an ultrasonic sensor and a partial discharge detection device, can accurately locate the discharge source inside the GIS, avoiding the fuzzy location problem of traditional methods; real-time monitoring and data processing can quickly detect abnormalities in the location and intensity of the discharge source, providing timely maintenance suggestions and preventing equipment failures and accidents.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned technical solutions mainly rely on single characteristic parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of ultrasonic signals for defect identification, lacking comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional characteristics such as signal waveform, spectrum, and propagation attenuation, which can easily lead to missed detections and misjudgments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a method and system for identifying ectopic defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria. By acquiring normal ultrasonic signals from key parts and constructing a signal library, it achieves accurate identification and rapid location of ectopic defects. At the same time, it introduces methods such as deviation calculation, propagation attenuation analysis, and statistical features to enhance the reliability and stability of the judgment.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] On one hand, the present invention provides a method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S10: Acquire I-related data, which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector; the various parts include the moving contact, the stationary contact, and the operating mechanism;

[0011] S20: Obtain relevant data II based on the relevant data I, wherein the relevant data II is the normal ultrasonic signal that reaches the contact surface with the moving contact, the stationary contact and the operating mechanism, and generate an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signal;

[0012] S30: Feature extraction is performed in the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface with the moving contact and the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces.

[0013] S40: Count the number of signal planes divided, construct time groups based on the time interval, and determine the displacement defect of the GIS disconnect switch according to the time interval;

[0014] S50: When identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism are acquired. The time interval from the acquisition of ultrasonic signals at each signal surface is calculated based on the ultrasonic signals. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it is not determined.

[0015] S60: If it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has an off-center defect, the corresponding signal surface is located based on the acquired time interval, and the location of the off-center defect is located based on the signal surface.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S30, the time interval from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to acquiring the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces is calculated according to the following formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] In the formula, This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0019] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0020] This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following formula is also included:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the formula, This indicates the deviation between the actual time interval and the theoretical time interval;

[0024] This indicates the speed at which ultrasound propagates in a medium;

[0025] Indicates the moving contact or operating mechanism to the first The distance between each signal surface;

[0026] This indicates that the ultrasonic wave theoretically propagates to the first... The time required for each signal plane;

[0027] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0028] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., .

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention: based on the calculation results, ultrasonic correlation information is acquired during the process corresponding to the time interval. The correlation information includes signal waveform and propagation attenuation. Based on the propagation attenuation, a signal surface corresponding to the ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is obtained in the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism. The ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is marked as a reference signal. When identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, the ultrasonic signal of any signal surface in the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism is first acquired. If the ultrasonic signal is greater than the reference signal, it is determined that there is a displacement defect in the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, feature statistics are performed based on the calculation results. The statistical features include the average time interval and the standard deviation of the time interval. The average time interval is calculated according to the following formula:

[0031] ;

[0032] In the formula, This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface;

[0033] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0034] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0035] This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standard deviation of the time intervals is calculated based on the statistically averaged time intervals. The standard deviation is used to measure the dispersion of the time intervals and is calculated using the following formula:

[0037] ;

[0038] In the formula, The standard deviation of the time interval;

[0039] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0040] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0041] This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standard deviation of the calculated time interval is marked as a reference standard deviation. When the standard deviation of the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signals of all signal surfaces is calculated at a future time, if the standard deviation is the same as the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is stable and that there is no misalignment defect on the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, if the standard deviation is greater than the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is abnormal.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when an abnormality in the propagation of ultrasonic waves is determined, the presence of a displacement defect in the GIS disconnect switch is verified. The verification method includes verification based on the signal surface corresponding to the reference signal. When an abnormality in the propagation of ultrasonic waves is determined, the propagation attenuation of ultrasonic waves to the signal surface is obtained in the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism. If the propagation attenuation is greater than the propagation attenuation corresponding to the reference signal, the GIS disconnect switch is determined to have a displacement defect; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0044] On the other hand, the present invention provides a system for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described above, comprising:

[0045] The data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a second acquisition unit;

[0046] The first acquisition unit is used to acquire I-related data, which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector; the various parts include moving contacts, stationary contacts, and operating mechanisms;

[0047] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the second related data based on the first related data. The second related data is the normal ultrasonic signal that reaches the contact surface with the moving contact, the stationary contact and the operating mechanism, and generates an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signal.

[0048] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface with the moving contact and the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces.

[0049] A data fusion processing module, comprising a statistical unit, a judgment unit, and a defect location unit;

[0050] The statistical unit is used to count the number of signal surfaces divided, construct time groups based on the time interval, and determine the off-center defects of the GIS disconnect switch according to the time interval.

[0051] The determination unit is used to acquire ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism when identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time. Based on the ultrasonic signals, it calculates the time interval from when the ultrasonic signals of each signal surface are acquired. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it is not determined.

[0052] The defect location unit is used to locate the corresponding signal surface based on the acquired time interval when it is determined that there is an off-center defect in the GIS disconnect switch, and to locate the location of the off-center defect based on the signal surface.

[0053] Beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. By acquiring normal ultrasonic signals from key parts of the GIS disconnector switch, such as the moving contact, stationary contact, and operating mechanism, and constructing an ultrasonic signal library, accurate basic data is provided for subsequent identification of anatomical defects. Furthermore, by dividing the contact surface into signal surfaces and extracting features such as the time interval from the moving contact and operating mechanism to each signal surface, quantitative analysis of the GIS disconnector switch status is achieved, which helps to more accurately determine whether the GIS disconnector switch has anatomical defects.

[0055] 2. The number of signal surfaces is counted and time groups are constructed as the standard for determining whether there is an off-center defect in the GIS disconnect switch. This method makes the judgment process more standardized and objective, and reduces the influence of human factors. When the GIS disconnect switch is used to identify off-center defects in the future, it is only necessary to obtain the ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and the operating mechanism, and calculate the time interval to each signal surface to determine whether there is an off-center defect and locate the defect location, thus improving the efficiency of fault diagnosis.

[0056] 3. By calculating the deviation between the actual time interval and the theoretical time interval, as well as the attenuation of ultrasound during propagation, the accuracy of identifying ectopic defects is further improved. In particular, through propagation attenuation analysis, the signal surface corresponding to the ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation in the contact surface can be identified as a reference signal, thereby more accurately judging ectopic defects.

[0057] 4. Statistical average time interval and standard deviation of time interval are used to measure the concentration and dispersion of time intervals. These statistical characteristics help to understand the status of GIS disconnect switches more comprehensively and enhance the reliability of off-site defect judgment.

[0058] 5. By comparing the standard deviation of the time interval obtained in the future with the reference standard deviation, it can be determined whether the propagation of ultrasound is stable. When the propagation is abnormal, it can be further verified whether there is a displacement defect in the GIS disconnect switch, thereby avoiding false alarms and missed alarms. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of the GIS disconnector defect identification system based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention; The numbers in the diagram are: 110 - Data acquisition module; 1101 - First acquisition unit; 1102 - Second acquisition unit; 120 - Feature extraction module; 130 - Data fusion processing module; 1301 - Statistical unit; 1302 - Judgment unit; 1303 - Defect location unit. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Because existing technical solutions mainly rely on single characteristic parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of ultrasonic signals for defect identification, they lack comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional characteristics such as signal waveform, spectrum, and propagation attenuation, which can easily lead to missed detections and misjudgments.

[0062] Based on this, the present invention proposes a method and system for identifying ectopic defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria. By acquiring normal ultrasonic signals from key parts and constructing a signal library, it achieves accurate identification and rapid location of ectopic defects. At the same time, it introduces deviation calculation, propagation attenuation analysis and statistical features to enhance the reliability and stability of the judgment.

[0063] The present solution will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0064] Reference Figures 1 to 2 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for identifying ectopic defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria, comprising the following steps:

[0065] S10: Acquire relevant data (I), which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector switch; these parts include the moving contact, stationary contact, and operating mechanism.

[0066] It should be noted that the operating mechanism includes the connection between the connecting rod and the bearing, and the insulated tie rod;

[0067] S20: Acquire relevant data II based on relevant data I. Relevant data II consists of normal ultrasonic signals reaching the contact surfaces of the moving contact, stationary contact, and operating mechanism, and generate an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signals.

[0068] Normal ultrasonic signals (I-related data) are acquired from key parts of the GIS disconnector, such as the moving contact, stationary contact, and operating mechanism. Then, based on these data, normal ultrasonic signals reaching the contact surface are acquired (II-related data), and an ultrasonic signal library is constructed.

[0069] This step provides accurate basic data, laying a solid foundation for subsequent identification of ectopic defects and helping to reduce misjudgments and omissions.

[0070] S30: Feature extraction is performed in the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface with the moving contact and the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each signal surface.

[0071] This method, by quantifying and analyzing features such as time intervals, can more accurately determine the status of GIS disconnect switches and improve the accuracy of identification.

[0072] S40: Count the number of signal planes divided, construct time groups based on time intervals, and determine the off-center defects of GIS disconnect switches according to time intervals;

[0073] S50: When identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, the ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism are acquired. The time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signals to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signals at each signal surface is calculated based on the ultrasonic signals. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it is not determined.

[0074] In this embodiment, the number of signal planes is counted, and time groups are constructed based on time intervals as a standard for determining whether there is a displacement defect in the GIS disconnect switch; when the time interval of the ultrasonic signal acquired at a future time is different from any one in the time group, it is determined that there is a displacement defect.

[0075] This method makes the judgment process more standardized and objective, reduces the influence of human factors, and improves the accuracy and consistency of the judgment.

[0076] S60: If it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has an off-center defect, the corresponding signal surface is located based on the acquired time interval, and the location of the off-center defect is located based on the signal surface.

[0077] When abnormal ultrasonic wave propagation is detected, further verification is performed to determine if the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect. Verification methods include propagation attenuation analysis based on the signal plane corresponding to the reference signal. If the propagation attenuation is greater than the propagation attenuation of the reference signal, a displacement defect is determined, and the defect location is determined.

[0078] By verifying anomalies and locating defects, we can ensure the accuracy of identification and promptly repair and replace defective equipment, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of power grid operation and maintenance.

[0079] In S30, the time interval from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and operating mechanism to acquiring the ultrasonic signal at each signal surface is calculated according to the following formula:

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula, This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0082] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0083] This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0084] In addition to the above, it also includes calculations based on the following formula:

[0085] ;

[0086] In the formula, It represents the deviation between the actual time interval and the theoretical time interval; it can be used to analyze abnormal situations during signal propagation.

[0087] This refers to the speed at which ultrasound waves propagate in a medium. The propagation speed can be determined based on factors such as the properties of the medium and its temperature.

[0088] Indicates the moving contact or operating mechanism to the first The distance between each signal surface; this can be obtained through measurement or design parameters.

[0089] This indicates that the ultrasonic wave theoretically propagates to the first... The time required for each signal plane;

[0090] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0091] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0092] It should be noted that there is a close relationship between the two formulas above, and they are both used in the process of identifying misalignment defects in GIS disconnect switches, wherein:

[0093] The first formula is used to calculate the time from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the [missing information]. The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface;

[0094] This formula quantifies the time required for ultrasonic signals to propagate from the source (moving contact or operating mechanism) to each signal surface, providing basic time interval data for subsequent identification of ectopic defects. This time interval data reflects the characteristics of ultrasonic waves propagating inside GIS disconnect switches.

[0095] The second formula is used to calculate the deviation between the actual and theoretical time intervals, taking into account the propagation speed of ultrasound in the medium, the moving contact or operating mechanism, and the time difference between the actual and theoretical time intervals. Factors such as the distance between signal surfaces;

[0096] Based on the first formula, this formula further incorporates the consideration of theoretical propagation time and actual propagation speed. By calculating the deviation between the actual and theoretical time intervals, it assesses abnormal situations in the ultrasonic wave propagation process.

[0097] This deviation analysis helps identify potential ectopic defects, as ectopic defects can cause changes in the propagation path of ultrasound waves, thus causing deviations in time intervals.

[0098] The first formula provides basic time interval data, which is the premise for the second formula to calculate the deviation. The second formula then performs more in-depth processing and analysis on this basis. By introducing the consideration of theoretical propagation time and actual propagation speed, it derives the deviation between the actual time interval and the theoretical time interval.

[0099] Both formulas are applied to the identification process of GIS disconnector switch displacement defects. The first formula provides basic data for displacement defect identification by quantifying time intervals; the second formula further improves the accuracy and reliability of identification through deviation analysis. The two complement each other and together constitute the core technical means for displacement defect identification in this application.

[0100] Based on the calculation results, the associated information of ultrasonic waves is collected during the process corresponding to the time interval. The associated information includes signal waveform and propagation attenuation. Based on the propagation attenuation, the signal surface corresponding to the ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is obtained in the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism. The ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is marked as the reference signal. When identifying the displacement defect of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, the ultrasonic signal of any signal surface in the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism is first obtained. If the ultrasonic signal is greater than the reference signal, it is determined that there is a displacement defect in the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0101] Based on the calculation results, feature statistics are performed. The statistical features include the average time interval and the standard deviation of the time interval. The average time interval is calculated using the following formula:

[0102] ;

[0103] In the formula, This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface;

[0104] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0105] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0106] This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0107] The standard deviation of the time intervals is calculated based on the average time intervals. The standard deviation measures the dispersion of the time intervals and is calculated using the following formula:

[0108] ;

[0109] In the formula, The standard deviation of the time interval;

[0110] This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism;

[0111] Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ;

[0112] This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

[0113] Based on the standard deviation of the calculated time interval, the standard deviation is marked as the reference standard deviation. When the standard deviation of the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signals of all signal surfaces is measured in the future, if the standard deviation is the same as the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is stable and that there is no displacement defect on the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, if the standard deviation is greater than the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is abnormal. As the standard deviation of the time interval, in practice, when the standard deviation is greater than the reference standard deviation, the larger the standard deviation, the greater the fluctuation of the time interval, which may indicate an abnormal situation. However, it is not determined at this time that the GIS disconnect switch has an off-center defect.

[0114] When an abnormality in ultrasonic wave propagation is determined, the presence of an off-center defect in the GIS disconnect switch is verified. The verification method includes verification based on the signal surface corresponding to the reference signal. When an abnormality in ultrasonic wave propagation is determined, the propagation attenuation of the ultrasonic wave to the signal surface is obtained from the contact surface with the moving contact or operating mechanism. If the propagation attenuation is greater than the propagation attenuation corresponding to the reference signal, the GIS disconnect switch is determined to have an off-center defect; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0115] As can be seen from the above, this application achieves accurate identification and rapid location of ectopic defects by acquiring normal ultrasonic signals from key parts and constructing a signal library. At the same time, it introduces methods such as deviation calculation, propagation attenuation analysis and statistical characteristics to enhance the reliability and stability of the judgment, and effectively improve the operation and maintenance efficiency and safety of power equipment status.

[0116] This embodiment, in conjunction with the above-mentioned method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria, also proposes a working system for this method, as follows:

[0117] Data acquisition module 110, which includes a first acquisition unit 1101 and a second acquisition unit 1102;

[0118] The first acquisition unit 1101 is used to acquire I-related data, which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector; each part includes the moving contact, the stationary contact, and the operating mechanism;

[0119] The second acquisition unit 1102 is used to acquire the second related data based on the I related data. The second related data is the normal ultrasonic signal that reaches the contact surface with the moving contact, the stationary contact and the operating mechanism, and generates an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signal.

[0120] The feature extraction module 120 is used to extract features from the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface with the moving contact and the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each signal surface.

[0121] The data fusion processing module 130 includes a statistical unit 1301, a judgment unit 1302, and a defect location unit 1303.

[0122] The statistics unit 1301 is used to count the number of signal surfaces divided, construct time groups based on time intervals, and determine the off-site defects of the GIS disconnect switch according to the time intervals.

[0123] The determination unit 1302 is used to acquire ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism when identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time. Based on the ultrasonic signals, it calculates the time interval from when the ultrasonic signals of each signal surface are acquired. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it determines that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it does not determine the defect.

[0124] The defect location unit 1303 is used to locate the corresponding signal surface based on the acquired time interval when it is determined that there is an off-center defect in the GIS disconnect switch, and to locate the location of the off-center defect based on the signal surface.

[0125] In summary, this application achieves accurate identification and rapid location of ectopic defects by acquiring normal ultrasonic signals from key components and constructing a signal library. Furthermore, it incorporates methods such as deviation calculation, propagation attenuation analysis, and statistical characteristics to enhance the reliability and stability of the judgment, effectively improving the efficiency and safety of power equipment maintenance.

[0126] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Acquire I-related data, which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector; the various parts include the moving contact, the stationary contact, and the operating mechanism; S20: Obtain relevant data II based on the relevant data I, wherein the relevant data II is the normal ultrasonic signal reaching the contact surface of the moving contact, the stationary contact and the operating mechanism, and generate an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signal; S30: Feature extraction is performed in the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface of the moving contact and the contact surface of the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces. S40: Count the number of signal planes divided, construct time groups based on the time interval, and determine the displacement defect of the GIS disconnect switch according to the time interval; S50: When identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism are acquired. The time interval from the acquisition of ultrasonic signals at each signal surface is calculated based on the ultrasonic signals. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it is not determined. S60: If it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has an off-center defect, the corresponding signal surface is located based on the acquired time interval, and the location of the off-center defect is located based on the signal surface.

2. The method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, the time interval from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to acquiring the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces is calculated according to the following formula: ； In the formula, This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism; Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ; This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

3. The method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes calculations based on the following formula: ； In the formula, This indicates the deviation between the actual time interval and the theoretical time interval; This indicates the speed at which ultrasound propagates in a medium; Indicates the moving contact or operating mechanism to the first The distance between each signal surface; This indicates that the ultrasonic wave theoretically propagates to the first... The time required for each signal plane; This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism; Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., .

4. A method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that, Based on the calculation results, ultrasonic correlation information is collected during the process corresponding to the time interval. The correlation information includes signal waveform and propagation attenuation. Based on the propagation attenuation, the signal surface corresponding to the ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is obtained in the contact surface of the moving contact or operating mechanism. The ultrasonic signal with the smallest propagation attenuation is marked as the reference signal. When identifying the displacement defect of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time, the ultrasonic signal of any signal surface in the contact surface of the moving contact or operating mechanism is first obtained. If the ultrasonic signal is greater than the reference signal, it is determined that there is a displacement defect in the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, no determination is made.

5. A method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that, Based on the calculation results, feature statistics are performed. The statistical features include the average time interval and the standard deviation of the time interval. The average time interval is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface; This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism; Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ; This indicates the period from when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism until the acquisition of the first... The time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

6. The method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The standard deviation of the time intervals is calculated based on the average time intervals. This standard deviation measures the dispersion of the time intervals and is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, The standard deviation of the time interval; This indicates the moment when the ultrasonic signal is acquired at the moving contact or operating mechanism; Indicates obtaining the first The timing of the ultrasonic signal on each signal surface =1, 2, ..., ; This indicates the period from acquiring the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to acquiring all... The average time interval of the ultrasonic signals on each signal surface.

7. The method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the calculated standard deviation of the time interval, the standard deviation is marked as the reference standard deviation. When the standard deviation of the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact or operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signals of all signal surfaces is measured in the future, if the standard deviation is the same as the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is stable and that there is no misalignment defect on the contact surface corresponding to this signal surface; otherwise, if the standard deviation is greater than the reference standard deviation, it is determined that the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is abnormal.

8. The method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When an abnormality in the propagation of ultrasonic waves is determined, the presence of a displacement defect in the GIS disconnect switch is verified. The verification method includes verification based on the signal surface corresponding to the reference signal. When an abnormality in the propagation of ultrasonic waves is determined, the propagation attenuation of ultrasonic waves to the signal surface is obtained from the contact surface of the moving contact or operating mechanism. If the propagation attenuation is greater than the propagation attenuation corresponding to the reference signal, the GIS disconnect switch is determined to have a displacement defect; otherwise, no determination is made.

9. A system applied to the method for identifying anatomical defects in GIS disconnect switches based on ultrasonic signal feature criteria as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a second acquisition unit; The first acquisition unit is used to acquire I-related data, which includes normal ultrasonic signals acquired from various parts of the GIS disconnector; the various parts include moving contacts, stationary contacts, and operating mechanisms; The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the second related data based on the first related data. The second related data is the normal ultrasonic signal that reaches the contact surface of the moving contact, the stationary contact and the operating mechanism, and generates an ultrasonic signal library based on the normal ultrasonic signal. The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the ultrasonic signal library. The feature extraction is based on the moving contact and the operating mechanism. The extraction method includes dividing the contact surface of the moving contact and the contact surface of the operating mechanism into signal surfaces, and extracting relevant features based on the divided signal surfaces. The relevant features include the time interval from the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at the moving contact and the operating mechanism to the acquisition of the ultrasonic signal at each of the signal surfaces. A data fusion processing module, comprising a statistical unit, a judgment unit, and a defect location unit; The statistical unit is used to count the number of signal surfaces divided, construct time groups based on the time interval, and determine the off-center defects of the GIS disconnect switch according to the time interval. The determination unit is used to acquire ultrasonic signals at the moving contact and operating mechanism when identifying displacement defects of the GIS disconnect switch at a future time. Based on the ultrasonic signals, it calculates the time interval from when the ultrasonic signals of each signal surface are acquired. If the time interval is different from any time interval in the time group, it is determined that the GIS disconnect switch has a displacement defect; otherwise, it is not determined. The defect location unit is used to locate the corresponding signal surface based on the acquired time interval when it is determined that there is an off-center defect in the GIS disconnect switch, and to locate the location of the off-center defect based on the signal surface.

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