Adaptive monitoring method, system, device and storage medium of a superconducting magnet

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-adapting monitoring method, system, equipment and storage medium of superconducting magnet, related to superconducting magnet field, which comprises: based on the position of first voltage tap and second voltage tap, the detection circuit parameter is formed;According to the potential difference between first voltage tap and second voltage tap, determine output voltage;Introduce adjustment coefficient, and according to adjustment coefficient and output voltage, determine the balance condition of adjustment coefficient;Based on the balance condition, determine the initial reference adjustment coefficient in the balanced state of electric bridge, complete initialization operation;On the basis of initialization operation, enter real-time monitoring mode, and the superconducting magnet is adaptively monitored according to initial reference adjustment coefficient and real-time detected output voltage;Real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring, the application improves compactness and reliability, realizes self-balancing quench detection and health monitoring and other functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of superconducting magnets, and in particular to an adaptive monitoring method, system, device and storage medium for superconducting magnets. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature superconductors, due to their superior properties such as high critical magnetic fields and high current-carrying capacity, have become important candidate materials for next-generation high-field magnets. However, superconducting magnets face a critical safety issue of quench failure during operation. Quench failure refers to the phenomenon where a superconducting material instantly returns to a normal state due to local temperature, current, or magnetic field exceeding the critical value. If it is not detected in time and protective measures are not taken, it may lead to magnet overheating, structural damage, or even overall failure.

[0003] To address this challenge, researchers have proposed various quench detection methods. Based on the different detection signals, existing methods are mainly divided into two categories: those based on temperature changes and those based on resistance changes. Among temperature-change-based detection methods, direct temperature measurement techniques such as thermocouples, fiber optic gratings, and distributed fiber optic sensing determine quenching by monitoring the surface temperature rise of the superconductor, offering advantages such as intuitive response and high reliability. Thermocouples are relatively inexpensive and easy to use, but their measurement accuracy may be affected by strong electromagnetic interference, and their response speed is closely related to their installation location. Fiber optic sensing technology, with its strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, exhibits good performance in certain high-precision applications; however, its system structure is relatively complex, making implementation difficult in situations with compact coil structures or limited wiring space.

[0004] Indirect temperature measurement methods, such as flow rate and pressure detection, indirectly infer quench by monitoring changes in the state of the coolant. They have good non-invasiveness, but may have a certain delay in response speed, which limits their ability to detect rapidly developing quench processes.

[0005] Among resistance-change-based detection methods, voltage detection has become the mainstream technology due to its fast response speed and ease of implementation. Inter-turn voltage detection achieves local monitoring by arranging voltage signal lines in each turn of the coil, which helps to locate the quench initiation point; this method requires embedding as many leads as possible in the early stages. Active power detection identifies quench by analyzing the active power changes in the coil segments, and has unique advantages in suppressing common-mode noise; its implementation requires corresponding signal conditioning and calculation circuits. Queue precursor prediction methods make early judgments based on the rate of voltage change, with a rapid response, but place relatively high demands on signal acquisition accuracy and real-time processing capabilities.

[0006] As superconducting magnets advance towards higher field strengths, achieving highly reliable quench detection and health monitoring within limited space has become a key challenge. Existing methods are either limited by structural complexity, making it difficult to meet the requirements of compact integration, or suffer from insufficient anti-interference capabilities, affecting accuracy. Especially in high-field superconducting coils, internal space is extremely precious; traditional external circuits and sensors not only occupy space, but complex signal processing systems also increase unreliability factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a solution that can maintain the compactness of the magnet structure while achieving quench detection and health monitoring.

[0007] A search revealed numerous publicly available methods for detecting magnet quenching in existing technologies. Most of these methods are based on detecting changes in the electrical, magnetic, thermal, or mechanical properties of the superconductor before and after quenching, to indirectly or directly determine the quenching state. When a high-temperature superconducting magnet experiences quenching during operation, its enormous stored energy will be released in a concentrated manner within the normal resistive region, potentially triggering a series of chain reactions and seriously threatening the magnet's safety. Strong-field magnets typically employ high current density and compact designs to maximize magnetic field strength, placing stringent demands on the space occupied by the internal integrated system. However, traditional quenching detection schemes often require the introduction of additional sensing elements, external resistors, or complex signal processing modules. These components not only occupy valuable internal coil space but may also affect the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of the magnet. Therefore, traditional quenching detection schemes suffer from insufficient structural compactness, large space requirements, and relatively limited functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide an adaptive monitoring method, system, device and storage medium for superconducting magnets to solve the problems of traditional quench detection schemes being not compact enough, occupying a large space and having relatively simple functions.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides an adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet, applied to a superconducting magnet comprising a superconducting strip of a superconducting coil and a frame made of conductive material. The superconducting strip is wound on the frame in a double-layer disc structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the outer turn of the superconducting coil and the frame. An electrical insulation layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the frame. A first voltage tap is provided in the inter-turn crossover of the superconducting strip. A slidable second voltage tap is provided on the frame. The first voltage tap is used to divide the superconducting strip into two segments, and the second voltage tap is used to divide the frame resistance into two segments. The method includes: Based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap, the detection circuit parameters are constructed; the detection circuit parameters include the inductance of the two superconducting tapes and the corresponding quench resistance, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points in the double-layer disc structure where the upper and lower disc coils contact the skeleton. The output voltage is determined based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; An adjustment coefficient is introduced, and the balance condition of the adjustment coefficient is determined based on the adjustment coefficient and the output voltage; Based on the aforementioned balance conditions, the initial reference adjustment coefficient under the balanced state of the bridge is determined, and the initialization operation is completed. Based on the initialization operation, the system enters a real-time monitoring mode, and adaptively monitors the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

[0010] Secondly, this application provides an adaptive monitoring system for a superconducting magnet, which executes the aforementioned adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet to achieve adaptive monitoring of a superconducting magnet. The superconducting magnet includes a superconducting strip of a superconducting coil and a frame made of conductive material. The superconducting strip is wound on the frame in a double-layer disc structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the outer turn of the superconducting coil and the frame. An electrical insulation layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the frame. A first voltage tap is provided in the inter-turn crossover of the superconducting strip. A slidable second voltage tap is provided on the frame. The first voltage tap is used to divide the superconducting strip into two segments, and the second voltage tap is used to divide the frame resistance into two segments. The adaptive monitoring system for the superconducting magnet includes: The detection circuit element is configured with specific parameters based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; the detection circuit element includes the inductance of two sections of superconducting tape and the corresponding quench resistance, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points in the double-layer disc structure where the upper and lower disc coils contact the skeleton. An output voltage determination module is used to determine the output voltage based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap. A balance condition determination module is used to introduce an adjustment coefficient and determine the balance condition of the adjustment coefficient based on the adjustment coefficient and the output voltage. The initialization operation module is used to determine the initial reference adjustment coefficient in the bridge balance state based on the balance condition and complete the initialization operation. An adaptive monitoring module is used to enter a real-time monitoring mode based on the initialization operation, and to adaptively monitor the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

[0011] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets.

[0012] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets.

[0013] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application uses the framework as a balancing resistor network, achieving an integrated design of mechanical support and electrical detection. This effectively avoids the space occupation and connection complexity caused by external components, significantly improving structural compactness and reliability, and is particularly suitable for space-constrained high-field superconducting magnet systems. Furthermore, by setting a voltage tap on both the superconducting tape and the framework of the superconducting magnet, with the voltage tap on the framework being slidable, the framework resistance can be flexibly virtually segmented, allowing for dynamic adaptation based on the actual resistance distribution and effectively compensating for measurement deviations introduced by uneven joint or framework resistance. In addition, this application introduces an adjustment coefficient, obtaining the balance condition based on the potential difference between the two voltage taps located on the superconducting tape and the framework, thus constructing a voltage adaptive segmentation mechanism based on segmented framework resistance, achieving functions such as self-balancing quench detection and health monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature superconducting coil winding provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a two-dimensional axisymmetric cross-sectional view of a superconducting coil provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4This is an equivalent schematic diagram of a detection circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamometer detection and health monitoring function provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] This application provides an adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet, applied to a superconducting magnet, such as... Figures 1-2 As shown, the superconducting magnet includes a superconducting tape 1 of a superconducting coil and a frame 2 made of conductive material. The superconducting tape 1 is wound on the frame 2 in a double-layer disc structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting tape 1 of the outer turns of the superconducting coil and the frame 2. An electrical insulation layer is provided between the superconducting tape 1 of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the frame 2. A first voltage tap 3 is provided within a set distance range of the cross turns of the superconducting tape 1. A sliding second voltage tap 4 is provided on the frame 2. The first voltage tap 3 is used to divide the superconducting tape 1 into two segments, and the second voltage tap 4 is used to divide the resistance of the frame 2 into two segments. In practical applications, the metal support frame serves as part of the detection circuit, utilizing the frame's own resistive characteristics to construct a signal acquisition network. For example... Figure 2 As shown in the two-dimensional axisymmetric cross-sectional view of the superconducting coil, in terms of structural arrangement, only the superconducting strip 1 and the frame 2 of the outer turns of the coil have electrical contact, and the strip 1-frame 2 joint formed by solder filling has a certain resistance value; the superconducting strip 1 and the frame 2 of the middle and inner turns are electrically insulated to limit the current path. When the magnet is energized, most of the current flows along the superconducting strip 1, and a small portion of the current is transferred to the frame 2 through the electrical contact area to form a bypass shunt. To achieve signal acquisition, a first voltage tap 3 is installed near the cross turns of the superconducting strip 1, and a second voltage tap 4 supporting applicability adjustment is installed on the coil frame 2.

[0019] It is worth noting that the position measured by the second voltage tap 4 can be adaptively adjusted within the frame 2 according to the detection requirements. Specifically, the adjustment of the measured point can be accomplished by physically sliding the tap, or by using multiple preset fixed tap connection points combined with a selection switch. By detecting the potential difference between the two voltage taps on the superconducting tape 1 and the frame 2, the original output voltage signal used for quench detection can be obtained. This design achieves a high degree of integration between the detection unit and the magnet body structure, providing a structural foundation for subsequent quench identification based on the bridge principle.

[0020] like Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: S1: Based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap, a detection circuit is constructed; the detection circuit components include the inductance of two sections of superconducting tape and the corresponding quench resistance, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points in the double-layer pancake structure where the upper and lower pancake coils contact the skeleton.

[0021] S2: Determine the output voltage based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap.

[0022] S3: Introduce an adjustment coefficient and determine the equilibrium condition of the adjustment coefficient based on the adjustment coefficient and the potential difference.

[0023] S4: Based on the balance conditions, determine the initial reference adjustment coefficient under the balanced state of the bridge and complete the initialization operation.

[0024] S5: Based on the initialization operation, enter the real-time monitoring mode, and adaptively monitor the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

[0025] This application employs an integrated design, where the metal support frame of the superconducting coil simultaneously serves as the bridge arm of the detection bridge, forming a bridge detection network together with the segmented coils. The system utilizes a voltage adaptive balancing mechanism based on the segmented frame resistance. By adjusting the voltage tap measurement points on frame 2, inherent asymmetries caused by joint resistance deviations and material inhomogeneities can be dynamically compensated, ensuring the bridge circuit achieves balance before each operation and suppressing induced voltage interference at its source. This system possesses dual functions of quench detection and health monitoring. When the coil quenches, the quench resistance of the superconducting tape 1 disrupts the bridge balance, generating a directly identifiable differential-mode voltage signal to characterize the coil quench state. Furthermore, by long-term tracking of changes in the balance point and electrical parameter drift, early warning of magnet performance stability can be achieved. This application combines the advantages of compact structure, strong anti-interference capability, and predictive maintenance capabilities, making it particularly suitable for compact high-field superconducting magnets.

[0026] In one exemplary embodiment, S3 is followed by: Based on the position of the second voltage tap 4, the total resistance of the frame 2 is divided into two resistors.

[0027] Based on Kirchhoff's laws, the output voltage at the detection terminal is determined according to the adjustment coefficient and the component parameters of the detection circuit.

[0028] Figure 4 An equivalent schematic diagram of the detection circuit is shown, in which the total current is... I op This includes the current flowing through the coil frame 2 and the superconducting tape 1. I sc The superconducting tape 1 was divided into two segments, with inductances of respectively... L 1 and L 2 The corresponding quench resistances are respectively r 1 and r 2 In the superconducting state, its resistance is zero. The voltages of the two superconducting tapes are respectively... V 1 and V 2 The circuit also includes connector resistors. R j1 and R j2 These correspond to the electrical contact points between the upper and lower disc coils and the frame 2, respectively. R s The total resistance of frame 2 is given. Since the voltage tap positions on frame 2 are variable, an adjustment coefficient is introduced. k (0≤) k ≤1) The total resistance of frame 2 R s Divided into two sections, making kR s and (1- k ) R s These represent the resistances of the two parts in frame 2, respectively.

[0029] According to Kirchhoff's laws, the output voltage V o The expression is: Through algebraic transformations, the above expression can be changed to: in, ΔV = V 1 - V2 This represents the voltage difference between the two sections of the superconducting tape. The key to this design lies in eliminating the interference of induced voltage. To achieve this, two conditions must be met: first, the inductances of the two sections of the coil must be approximately equal, i.e. L 1 ≈ L 2 Secondly, the adjustment coefficient. k The following equilibrium conditions need to be met: The equilibrium condition of this adjustment coefficient reveals the dynamic adaptive equilibrium capability of the structure. In the engineering practice of superconducting magnets, many inherent factors can introduce asymmetries, leading to difficulties in initial state equilibrium, including joint resistance. R j1 and R j2 The inherent deviation and the non-uniform resistivity of the skeleton 2 material can be effectively solved by the second voltage tap 4 that supports adaptive balance adjustment.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, S4 specifically includes: The adaptive balancing process, based on the balance condition, slides the second voltage tap 4 to change the adjustment coefficient until the output voltage at the detection end is 0, thereby achieving bridge balance. In the current bridge balance state, the adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current position of the second voltage tap 4 is used as the initial reference adjustment coefficient to complete the initialization operation.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, S5 specifically includes: Determine whether the real-time detected output voltage exceeds the quench threshold. If yes, execute S51; otherwise, execute S52.

[0032] S51: Generates a fail alarm signal and triggers an interrupt or protection program; S52: Determine whether the preset health monitoring cycle has been reached. If yes, proceed to S53; otherwise, proceed to S57.

[0033] S53: Re-execute the balancing process and record the new adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second voltage tap 4 in the current bridge balance state; S54: Based on the new adjustment coefficient and the initial reference adjustment coefficient, determine whether the new adjustment coefficient has a significant and continuous systematic drift. If yes, proceed to S55; otherwise, proceed to S56. Wherein, significant means that the error with the initial reference adjustment coefficient is greater than the set value, and continuous means that multiple measurements produce monotonic errors.

[0034] S55: Generates early warning signals and executes subsequent maintenance plans; S56: Update the new adjustment coefficient and re-enter the real-time monitoring mode; S57: Re-detect the output voltage.

[0035] The adaptive balancing process is as follows: First, a small test current is applied to the superconducting coil, and the coil is allowed to reach a steady state. Then, the output voltage at the detection terminal is monitored. V o The coefficient is changed by finely adjusting the measurement point of the voltage tap on the conductive frame. k The value of , until V o The indicator is zero, at which point the bridge reaches a balanced state and locks the measurement position of that tap, completing initialization. This process offsets most of the effects of asymmetry, ensuring that the bridge can achieve initial balance under real engineering conditions, reducing the precision requirements for manufacturing and assembly, and giving the detection system higher fault tolerance. Under these conditions, the output voltage... V o The values ​​can be taken in different states as follows: This characteristic ensures zero output in the superconducting state, while responding only to voltage changes caused by quench resistance when quench occurs, thus effectively suppressing induced noise. The working principle of this detection system can be summarized as follows: When the superconducting coil operates in the superconducting state, due to its zero-resistance characteristic, the quench resistance is zero. Simultaneously, inductive symmetry causes the induced voltages to cancel each other out, resulting in a zero output voltage. When quench occurs, quench resistance appears locally in the coil, resulting in... r 1 ≠0 or r 2 ≠0, and r 1 = r 2 The probability of this happening is extremely low (negligible), therefore the output voltage is no longer zero and varies with the degree of queuing failure. However, signals in actual circuits often contain interference and noise. To improve detection reliability, a simple signal processing module can be introduced as needed. First, the output voltage is amplified and low-pass filtered by an operational amplifier to attenuate high-frequency noise and AC interference. Then, the filtered signal is input to a comparator and compared with a preset threshold voltage. V th The system compares the signal values. If the signal value exceeds the threshold, it is determined to be a quench event, triggering a protection action; otherwise, the system maintains normal operation. This process balances sensitivity and interference resistance, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with high transient response requirements, such as high-temperature superconducting magnets.

[0036] In addition to quench detection during coil operation, this integrated structure also enables online health monitoring. Each time the magnet enters a stable operating state, the system executes an adaptive balancing process and sets the equivalent coefficient corresponding to the final locked voltage tap position. k The value, along with a timestamp, is recorded in the system memory; the system periodically (e.g., daily or weekly) compares the latest recorded value with the initially established baseline. k Values ​​are compared, and when detected k The value exhibits a unidirectional and continuous systematic drift trend over time, and when the absolute value of the drift or the cumulative rate of change exceeds a preset threshold, the system generates an early warning signal. This warning signal indicates that the resistance of the magnet joint may be slowly deteriorating due to cyclic load, or that the electrical properties of the skeleton material are changing, thereby enabling early diagnosis and life prediction of the stability of the magnet structure and providing a direct and quantitative basis for predictive maintenance of the equipment.

[0037] Therefore, this application possesses the dual functions of overshoot detection and health monitoring. The workflow is as follows, and it can be combined with... Figure 5 To understand.

[0038] First, the method utilizes an adaptive monitoring system based on an integrated structure of a superconducting coil and a conductive framework, which is the detection circuit. After system startup, an adaptive balance initialization step is executed, followed by adjustment of the physical position of the voltage taps on the conductive framework, i.e., the adjustment coefficient. k This causes the output voltage at the detection terminal to approach zero, thereby achieving bridge balance. The tap position parameters determined under this state are recorded as the initial reference adjustment coefficients. k o .

[0039] After initialization, the system enters a continuous real-time monitoring mode. In this mode, the system continuously samples and monitors the instantaneous value of the output voltage and determines whether it reaches or exceeds a preset quench threshold. V th .

[0040] If real-time monitoring is detected V o ≥ V th If the signal is not received, it is determined that a queuing event has occurred. The system will immediately generate a "queuing alarm" signal and trigger subsequent emergency interruption or protection procedures to ensure the safety of the magnet.

[0041] like V o < V thThis indicates that the magnet is in normal operating condition. The system then determines whether the preset health monitoring cycle has been reached (e.g., once a day or once a week). If the health cycle has not been reached, it returns to real-time monitoring. V o The steps are as follows; if the cycle has been reached, the health monitoring subprocess is started.

[0042] In the health monitoring sub-process, the system executes the aforementioned adaptive balancing process again to rebalance and record the new tap position parameters. k n This is the new adjustment coefficient. Subsequently, the system will adjust the new adjustment coefficient... k n Adjustment coefficient with initial reference k o Perform comparisons, conduct trend analysis, and make judgments. k n The system checks for significant and continuous systematic drift in the value. If the analysis indicates a systematic drift exceeding the allowable threshold (e.g., a rate of change of 5%, which needs to be determined for specific coils in practical applications), an "early warning" signal is generated. This signal indicates that the magnet's internal performance may be degraded due to factors such as joint aging or material degradation, allowing the system to initiate predictive maintenance. If no significant drift is detected, the current value is... k n The system updates to a new reference adjustment coefficient for comparison in the next cycle, after which it returns to normal real-time monitoring mode. Only through this process can the dual functions of coil quench detection and early warning of long-term operational health be achieved.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following outstanding advantages and beneficial effects: (1) Highly integrated structure and compact system. This application uses the superconducting magnet metal support frame as a balanced resistor network, realizing the integrated design of mechanical support and electrical detection. This structure effectively avoids the space occupation and connection complexity caused by external components, significantly improves the compactness and reliability of the system, and is particularly suitable for space-constrained high-field superconducting magnet systems, with significant technical advantages in strong field applications.

[0044] (2) High adaptability and flexible configuration support. This system is applicable to various types of superconducting coil structures and has good versatility. In view of the balancing difficulties of traditional bridge circuits, this application sets an adjustable voltage tap position mechanism on the frame 2, which can flexibly virtual segment the resistance of the frame 2 and dynamically adapt it according to the actual resistance distribution, effectively compensating for the measurement deviation caused by the uneven resistance of the connector or frame 2.

[0045] (3) High detection accuracy and strong anti-interference capability. By combining bridge differential measurement with voltage tap adaptive adjustment, the system can effectively suppress common-mode noise and highlight the differential-mode voltage signal that appears when quench is lost. This design greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio, reduces the probability of false alarms and missed alarms, and ensures that fast and accurate quench judgment can still be achieved in complex electromagnetic environments, providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of superconducting magnets.

[0046] (4) Possesses predictive maintenance capabilities and enables early warning of conditions. The adaptive balancing process implemented in this application is itself a high-precision electrical parameter monitoring method. By tracking and recording key parameters such as the voltage tap position required to maintain bridge balance over a long period of time, the system can capture slow performance drift caused by joint aging, material deterioration, etc., thereby identifying potential risks before a fault occurs and realizing early diagnosis and predictive maintenance of the electrical connection stability and structural health status of superconducting magnets.

[0047] This application also provides an adaptive monitoring system for a superconducting magnet, which executes the above-described adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet to achieve adaptive monitoring of a superconducting magnet. The superconducting magnet includes a superconducting tape of a superconducting coil and a frame made of conductive material. The superconducting tape is wound on the frame in a double-layer disc structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting tape of the outer turns of the superconducting coil and the frame. An electrical insulation layer is provided between the superconducting tape of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the frame. A first voltage tap is provided in the inter-turn crossover of the superconducting tape, and a slidable second voltage tap is provided on the frame. The first voltage tap is used to divide the superconducting tape into two segments, and the second voltage tap is used to divide the frame resistance into two segments. The adaptive monitoring system for the superconducting magnet includes: The detection parameter acquisition module is used to acquire detection parameters based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; the detection parameters include the current flowing through the superconducting tape and the skeleton, the voltage, inductance and corresponding quench resistance of the two sections of the superconducting coil, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points where the upper and lower disc coils of the double-layer disc structure contact the skeleton.

[0048] An output voltage determination module is used to determine the output voltage based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap. A balance condition determination module is used to introduce an adjustment coefficient and determine the balance condition of the adjustment coefficient based on the adjustment coefficient and the output voltage. The initialization operation module is used to determine the initial reference adjustment coefficient in the bridge balance state based on the balance conditions and complete the initialization operation.

[0049] An adaptive monitoring module is used to enter a real-time monitoring mode based on the initialization operation, and to adaptively monitor the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

[0050] Solutions similar to this application include: Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN117075010A, Patent Title: High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Detection Component and Manufacturing Method, High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Queue Detection Method. The patent describes a method for manufacturing a high-temperature superconducting magnet detection component and a method for detecting quench in a high-temperature superconducting magnet. In manufacturing the high-temperature superconducting magnet detection component, an insulating film is used to insulate and wrap the high-temperature superconducting tape and the auxiliary detection tape respectively. Then, the high-temperature superconducting tape and the auxiliary detection tape are wound in parallel and synchronously to form a high-temperature superconducting coil and a co-wound coil respectively. An equipotential point is formed by connecting the first pair of adjacent corresponding ends of the co-wound coil and the high-temperature superconducting coil. A voltmeter is connected in series between the second pair of adjacent corresponding ends of the co-wound coil and the high-temperature superconducting coil. The high-temperature superconducting magnet detection component prepared by the aforementioned method can automatically compensate for the induced voltage noise of high-temperature superconducting magnets such as high-temperature superconducting coils. It has strong anti-interference ability and is conducive to timely and accurate detection of the quench voltage signal of high-temperature superconducting magnets, thus avoiding quench misjudgment caused by induced voltage noise.

[0051] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different technical solutions. This patent adopts the principle of co-winding compensation. Its core technology is to introduce an auxiliary metal strip that is wound in parallel and synchronously with the superconducting strip to form a co-winding coil with the same electromagnetic induction characteristics as the superconducting coil. By connecting the corresponding ends of the two coils to form an equipotential point, the induced voltage is canceled at the measurement end. This application, on the other hand, adopts an adaptive balance bridge technology solution. It does not require any additional materials or independent detection coils, but uses the inherent support frame of the superconducting coil as the bridge arm, and achieves adaptive balance of the bridge by optimizing the voltage tap position. ② Different performance advantages. The advantage of this patent is that it can theoretically achieve very accurate induced voltage compensation. However, the presence of the auxiliary strip will occupy the coil volume, which will reduce the engineering current density of the magnet to a certain extent. For high-field magnet applications where space is extremely precious, this is a significant drawback. This application, through its adaptive balance mechanism, can adjust the bridge state in real time, has better tolerance for process deviations, and does not occupy additional space. It is particularly suitable for high-field superconducting magnet systems with extremely high space requirements.

[0052] Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN106771610A, Patent Title: A Superconducting Magnet Queue Detection System. The patent describes itself as follows: A superconducting magnet quench detection system compares two superconducting coils as a group to determine the occurrence of quench. It consists of a voltage isolation correction circuit, a differential operation circuit, an absolute value operation circuit, an analog multiplication operation circuit, a filtering circuit, and a comparison circuit, realizing quench detection and protection for superconducting energy storage hybrid magnets.

[0053] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different technical solutions. The core of the patent's technical solution lies in the complex back-end signal processing circuit. It uses a series of analog circuit modules to perform post-processing on the raw voltage signals collected from the two coils in order to extract the weak quench resistance signal from strong noise. The adaptive balancing bridge method proposed in this application integrates the support frame of the superconducting coil as a bridge arm into the detection system, and achieves bridge self-balancing by optimizing the voltage tap position. It achieves source suppression of induced voltage through structure, without any external active devices or complex signal processing circuits, and only requires simple threshold comparison to complete the quench determination. ② Different performance advantages. The performance advantage of this patent lies in its theoretical versatility, but its system is extremely complex, containing multiple precision active devices, resulting in high circuit cost and relatively low reliability. In addition, its response speed is limited by multi-stage filtering circuits, which may introduce delay. The performance advantage of this application lies in its extremely high simplicity, reliability, and economy. Since the core detection mechanism is implemented by a passive resistor bridge structure, the system is exceptionally simple and stable, involves almost no easily drifting complex active devices, and has high reliability and low cost.

[0054] Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN120847694A, Patent Title: Superconducting Magnet Trickle Detection and Early Warning System and Method Based on Skeleton Current. The patent describes itself as follows: A superconducting magnet quench detection and early warning system and method based on skeleton current is disclosed, relating to the field of superconducting magnet quench detection. The method includes: constructing an electrothermal coupled finite element model of a superconducting magnet and a conductive skeleton; simulating different quench events based on the electrothermal coupled finite element model; determining quench judgment thresholds and different levels of quench severity index grading thresholds according to different quench events; when the superconducting magnet experiences quench, acquiring the skeleton current signal from the superconducting magnet to the conductive skeleton; based on the skeleton current signal, performing graded early warning and protection responses for superconducting magnet quench based on the quench judgment thresholds and the quench severity index grading thresholds. This application enables non-destructive testing of superconducting magnet quench, achieves graded assessment and optimized protection of quench severity, and reduces the cost of quench monitoring systems.

[0055] Note: The main differences between this patent and this application are: ① Different technical solutions. This patent relies on electrothermal coupling finite element model simulation to set the judgment criteria. In actual detection, quench determination and graded early warning are achieved by measuring the absolute value or proportion of the shunt current in the frame. Essentially, it is a model-driven indirect detection strategy. This application, on the other hand, adopts a structure-driven adaptive balancing method, directly using the support frame of the superconducting coil as the bridge arm. By measuring and optimizing the voltage tap position, the bridge achieves self-balancing in the superconducting state, thereby generating a pure differential-mode voltage signal that directly characterizes the quench resistance of the coil when quench occurs. ② Different real-time performance and reliability. The detection accuracy of this patent is affected to some extent by the accuracy of the model. If the actual operating conditions do not match the simulation assumptions, the threshold may fail, leading to misjudgment or missed detection. This application directly outputs the quench signal through the self-balancing mechanism of the bridge. The response speed depends only on the circuit inertia, and the balance state has adaptive capability to environmental changes, resulting in high reliability, especially suitable for dynamic operating scenarios.

[0056] This application uses the metal support frame of the superconducting magnet as a balancing resistor network, which, together with the segmented coils, forms a built-in detection bridge. By adjusting the voltage tap positions on the frame, the system can achieve adaptive bridge balance in the superconducting state, effectively suppressing common-mode noise and induced voltage interference. When a coil quench occurs, the quench resistor will disrupt the bridge balance, generating a identifiable differential-mode voltage signal, thereby achieving rapid and accurate quench detection. Furthermore, the system has online health monitoring capabilities. During normal magnet operation, by periodically recording and analyzing the voltage tap parameters required to maintain bridge balance, it can keenly detect early performance degradation trends reflected by joint resistance drift or material property changes, achieving early warning and predictive maintenance of the magnet's electrical connection stability. The method proposed in this application does not require external discrete resistor elements, achieving high-reliability quench detection while expanding health status monitoring capabilities, providing a compact and functionally integrated solution for strong-field superconducting magnets.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments. The computer device can be a server or a terminal. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (I / O), and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus via the I / O interface. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores data to be processed. The I / O interface of the computer device is used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described methods.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0060] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to computer program instructions. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0062] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0063] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0064] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet, characterized in that, This invention relates to a superconducting magnet, which includes a superconducting tape of a superconducting coil and a frame made of conductive material. The superconducting tape is wound on the frame in a double-layer disc structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting tape of the outer turn of the superconducting coil and the frame. An electrical insulating layer is provided between the superconducting tape of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the frame. A first voltage tap is provided in the inter-turn crossover of the superconducting tape, and a sliding second voltage tap is provided on the frame. The first voltage tap is used to divide the superconducting tape into two segments, and the second voltage tap is used to divide the frame resistance into two segments. The method includes: A detection circuit is constructed based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; the components in the detection circuit include the inductance of two sections of superconducting tape and the corresponding quench resistance, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points in the double-layer disc structure where the upper and lower disc coils contact the skeleton. The output voltage is determined based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; An adjustment coefficient is introduced, and a balance condition for the adjustment coefficient is determined based on the adjustment coefficient and the output voltage; after introducing the adjustment coefficient, the method further includes: Based on the position of the second voltage tap, the total resistance of the skeleton is divided into two resistances; Based on Kirchhoff's laws, the output voltage at the detection terminal is determined according to the adjustment coefficient and the component parameters of the detection circuit. Based on the aforementioned balance conditions, the initial reference adjustment coefficient under the bridge balance state is determined, and the initialization operation is completed; the metal support frame of the superconducting magnet is used as a balance resistor network, which together with the segmented coils constitutes a built-in detection bridge. Based on the initialization operation, the system enters a real-time monitoring mode, and adaptively monitors the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

2. The adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned balance conditions, the initial reference adjustment coefficients under the balanced state of the bridge are determined, and the initialization operation is completed, specifically including: The adaptive balancing process, based on the balance condition, slides the second voltage tap to change the adjustment coefficient until the output voltage at the detection end is 0, thereby achieving bridge balance. In the current bridge balance state, the adjustment coefficient corresponding to the current position of the second voltage tap is used as the initial reference adjustment coefficient to complete the initialization operation.

3. The adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The superconducting magnet is adaptively monitored based on the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage, specifically including: Determine whether the real-time detected output voltage exceeds the quench threshold to obtain the first judgment result; If the first judgment result is yes, an overrun alarm signal is generated, and an interrupt program or protection program is triggered; If the first judgment result is negative, determine whether the preset health monitoring cycle has been reached to obtain the second judgment result; If the second judgment result is yes, the balancing process is re-executed, and the new adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second voltage tap in the current bridge balance state is recorded; Based on the new adjustment coefficient and the initial benchmark adjustment coefficient, determine whether the new adjustment coefficient has a significant and continuous systematic drift, and obtain a third judgment result; If the third judgment result is yes, an early warning signal is generated, and subsequent maintenance plan is executed; If the third judgment result is negative, update the new adjustment coefficient and re-enter the real-time monitoring mode; If the second judgment result is negative, the output voltage is re-detected.

4. The adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on Kirchhoff's laws, and according to the adjustment coefficient and the component parameters of the detection circuit, the output voltage at the detection terminal is determined, and then the process further includes: use To eliminate the interference of the induced voltage on the output voltage of the detection terminal; wherein, The output voltage of the detection terminal; V 1 and V 2 represents the voltage of the two superconducting strips in the superconducting coil, respectively; R j1 and R j2 For connector resistance; R s The total resistance of the frame; k This is the adjustment coefficient; This represents the potential difference.

5. The adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets according to claim 4, characterized in that, The equilibrium condition is: .

6. The adaptive monitoring method for superconducting magnets according to claim 1, characterized in that, In real-time monitoring mode, the output voltage of the detection terminal takes the following values ​​in the superconducting state and in the quench-out state: in, The output voltage of the detection terminal; The voltage difference is the voltage difference between the two sections of superconducting tape in the superconducting coil.

7. An adaptive monitoring system for a superconducting magnet, characterized in that, The adaptive monitoring system of the superconducting magnet executes the adaptive monitoring method of the superconducting magnet according to any one of claims 1-6 to achieve adaptive monitoring of a superconducting magnet. The superconducting magnet includes a superconducting strip of a superconducting coil and a skeleton made of conductive material. The superconducting strip is wound on the skeleton in a double-pane structure. An electrical contact layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the outer turn of the superconducting coil and the skeleton. An electrical insulation layer is provided between the superconducting strip of the middle and inner turns of the superconducting coil and the skeleton. A first voltage tap is provided in the inter-pane cross turns of the superconducting strip. A slidable second voltage tap is provided on the skeleton. The first voltage tap is used to divide the superconducting strip into two segments, and the second voltage tap is used to divide the skeleton resistance into two segments. The adaptive monitoring system for the superconducting magnet includes: The detection circuit element is configured with specific parameters based on the positions of the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap; the detection circuit element includes the inductance of two sections of superconducting tape and the corresponding quench resistance, the joint resistance and the total resistance of the skeleton; the joint resistance includes the two electrical contact points in the double-layer disc structure where the upper and lower disc coils contact the skeleton. An output voltage determination module is used to determine the output voltage based on the potential difference between the first voltage tap and the second voltage tap. A balance condition determination module is used to introduce an adjustment coefficient and determine the balance condition of the adjustment coefficient based on the adjustment coefficient and the output voltage. An initialization operation module is used to determine the initial reference adjustment coefficient in the bridge balance state based on the balance conditions and complete the initialization operation; the metal support frame of the superconducting magnet is used as a balance resistor network, which together with the segmented coils constitutes a built-in detection bridge. An adaptive monitoring module is used to enter a real-time monitoring mode based on the initialization operation, and to adaptively monitor the superconducting magnet according to the initial reference adjustment coefficient and the real-time detected output voltage; the real-time monitoring mode includes quench detection and health monitoring.

8. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the adaptive monitoring method for a superconducting magnet according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the adaptive monitoring method for the superconducting magnet as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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