Method and apparatus for coupler deployment optimization in seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer systems

Abstract

This invention provides a coupler deployment optimization method and apparatus for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, mainly relating to the field of power transmission technology. Specifically, the coupler deployment optimization method includes: solving the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first and second conductors to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure; correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters; and determining the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the corrected circuit model parameters and the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, wherein the target mounting position is configured to place the coupling component in the region of maximum axial magnetic field strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission technology, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for optimizing coupler deployment in a seawater single-line coupled power transmission system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depth of marine observation and development activities, underwater power supply technology is crucial for supporting the long-term operation of various underwater equipment. Traditional wired power supply solutions are costly, easily damaged, and limit equipment mobility, making it difficult to meet the needs of long-distance, mobile power supply.

[0003] Seawater single-wire coupling power supply technology utilizes a single wire and seawater to form an electrical transmission loop, extracting energy through magnetic field induction, providing a flexible and reliable technical path to overcome the bottleneck of underwater power supply. However, existing theoretical models fail to fully consider the electromagnetic wave coupling effect between the single wire and the seawater medium, resulting in inaccurate simulations of electromagnetic field distribution and propagation characteristics. In addition, existing circuit models generally ignore the influence of seawater's electromagnetic properties, leading to significant deviations in system power supply performance predictions, especially in the inability to effectively assess and control energy losses during long-distance transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for optimizing coupler deployment in a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system.

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, comprising: solving a propagation model of an electromagnetic wave in a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of a first conductor and a second conductor, to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure; correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, to obtain corrected circuit model parameters; and determining a target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the corrected circuit model parameters and the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, wherein the target mounting position is configured such that the coupling component is located in a region of maximum axial magnetic field strength.

[0006] Another aspect of the present invention provides a coupler deployment optimization device for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, comprising: a solution module for solving a propagation model of an electromagnetic wave in a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of a first conductor and a second conductor, to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure; a correction module for correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, to obtain corrected circuit model parameters; and a determination module for determining a target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the corrected circuit model parameters and the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, wherein the target mounting position is configured such that the coupling component is located in a region of maximum axial magnetic field strength.

[0007] Another aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein, when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform the method as described above.

[0008] Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, are used to implement the method described above.

[0009] Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed, are used to implement the method described above.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by accurately establishing a propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a seawater single-wire coupled power transmission structure, the influence of non-ideal characteristics of seawater is quantified, and the parameters of the traditional transmission line model are corrected accordingly. Based on the corrected model, the propagation characteristics such as the actual operating wavelength of the system can be accurately calculated, ultimately guiding the coupler to automatically find and locate the position with the strongest magnetic field on long-distance cables to determine the optimal energy pickup point. This method fundamentally improves the power transmission efficiency, stability, and reliability of seawater single-wire coupled power supply systems in long-distance complex underwater environments. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0013] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the propagation law of electromagnetic waves in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 An equivalent circuit model of a seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the operating wavelength with frequency according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the wavelength ratio of the modified operating wavelength to the unmodified operating wavelength according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the comparison between theoretical calculation and simulation calculation of the modified operating wavelength according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided.

[0018] Figure 7 A block diagram of a coupler deployment optimization device for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0021] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0022] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0023] Underwater power supply technology is crucial for supporting the large-scale deployment and long-term stable operation of equipment such as underwater observation networks, mobile platforms, and seabed sensing systems. Traditional wired power supply solutions are not only costly to construct and maintain, but also susceptible to failure due to complex environments such as seabed currents and corrosion. Furthermore, they severely limit the mobile deployment capabilities of underwater equipment and cannot meet the long-distance power supply requirements of underwater platforms in longitudinal movement scenarios.

[0024] The seawater single-wire coupled power transfer system uses a single wire and seawater to form a transmission loop. It utilizes the magnetic field excited by the single wire to couple with a secondary magnetic ring to generate an induced electromotive force, providing a technical path that combines flexibility and reliability to overcome the bottleneck of long-distance underwater power supply.

[0025] However, current theoretical modeling methods for this system still have significant limitations, making it difficult to accurately characterize the electromagnetic wave propagation mechanism between the single-wire cable and the seawater medium. This is especially true in long-distance power transmission scenarios and complex underwater environments, where such theoretical deviations directly lead to discrepancies between the actual power transmission performance and the expected high efficiency. Specifically, existing models treat the single-wire cable and seawater as two independent media, failing to fully consider the electromagnetic wave coupling effect between them, resulting in inaccurate simulations of electromagnetic field distribution and propagation characteristics. Furthermore, most current analyses focus only on electromagnetic field distribution, neglecting the influence of power supply system parameters (such as load voltage and frequency) on electromagnetic wave propagation, leading to insufficient accuracy of circuit models in long-distance power transmission. Simultaneously, existing circuit models often ignore the impact of seawater's electromagnetic properties on the system, resulting in inaccurate predictions of system power supply performance, particularly in the failure to effectively control energy losses during long-distance power transmission, thus hindering the engineering application of this system as a reliable power supply solution.

[0026] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system. By accurately establishing a propagation model of electromagnetic waves in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure, the influence of non-ideal seawater characteristics is quantified, and the parameters of the system's equivalent circuit are corrected accordingly. Based on the corrected model, the key transmission characteristics of the energy transfer system can be accurately calculated, ultimately guiding the coupler to automatically optimize and locate the position with the strongest energy coupling on long-distance power supply loops, thereby determining the optimal energy pickup point. This method fundamentally improves the power transmission efficiency, stability, and reliability of underwater power supply systems in long-distance, complex environments.

[0027] It should be noted that the coupler deployment optimization method and apparatus for seawater single-wire coupled power transfer systems provided in this embodiment of the invention are mainly applied in the field of power transmission technology, and are particularly suitable for applications such as underwater wireless power supply. Furthermore, the application fields of this system are not limited to this, and it can also be applied in the field of marine engineering technology. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific application fields of the coupler deployment optimization method and apparatus for seawater single-wire coupled power transfer systems.

[0028] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes operations S101 to S103.

[0030] In operation S101, based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first and second conductors, the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure of seawater is solved to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure of seawater.

[0031] In operation S102, based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system are corrected to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters.

[0032] In operation S103, based on the corrected circuit model parameters and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor is determined.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first conductor can represent a single cable with an internal metal conductor and an outer insulating medium. The second conductor can represent seawater as the current return path.

[0034] In this embodiment, the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure can be represented as a coaxial energy transfer structure composed of a first conductor and a second conductor. Specifically, the first conductor can be used to guide and confine the electromagnetic field, and its interior is an ideal conductor. The second conductor can serve as a non-ideal outer conductor to form an electrical energy transfer loop with the first conductor.

[0035] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic field propagation boundary between the first conductor and the second conductor can represent the physical interface between the outer surface of the insulating layer of the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0036] In this embodiment, the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater can physically characterize the propagation mechanism and laws of energy along this specific path of single-line to seawater. Specifically, this propagation model can be used to reveal and quantify the fundamental impact of seawater as a non-ideal conductor compared to an ideal coaxial structure.

[0037] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, as the solution result of the propagation model, can include the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field, energy propagation characteristics, and key physical parameters. Specifically, the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity can characterize the vector distribution functions describing the electric and magnetic field intensities within the insulation layer of a single cable and the seawater medium. Energy propagation characteristics include, for example, the Poynting vector distribution characterizing energy flow, and key physical parameters such as attenuation constants and phase constants.

[0038] According to embodiments of the present invention, for a coaxial energy transfer structure composed of a first conductor and a second conductor, a propagation model is constructed and solved at the interface between the two conductors. The aim is to characterize the propagation mechanism and laws of electromagnetic energy along a single-line path in seawater from a physical perspective. By solving this model, the fundamental impact of seawater as a non-ideal conductor can be revealed and quantified, clarifying the mechanism by which energy mainly propagates along the interface between the insulating layer and the seawater in the form of surface waves. This yields electromagnetic field distribution characteristics that can fully characterize the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field and the energy propagation properties.

[0039] In this embodiment, the circuit model of the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system can be used to represent the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer structure as equivalent to a transmission line, and to characterize its transmission characteristics using parameters such as resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the core of correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system lies in compensating and updating the circuit parameters of the traditional ideal coaxial line model based on the characteristics of seawater as a non-ideal external conductor, so that the finally obtained corrected circuit model parameters can more accurately characterize the transmission impedance and attenuation characteristics of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure under actual working conditions.

[0041] In this embodiment, the coupling component can represent a physical device for coupling and transferring energy from the first conductor via electromagnetic induction, such as a magnetic ring or induction coil wrapped around the cable. The coupling component can be mounted at any position along the single cable.

[0042] In this embodiment, the target mounting location can represent one or more specific geometric coordinates along the axis of the first conductor, as the physical location with the highest energy coupling efficiency.

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the propagation law of electromagnetic waves in seawater according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown in the diagram, this schematic illustrates the physical structure and electromagnetic wave propagation mechanism of a seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer structure. In this structure, the first conductor 202 is a single cable with an internal metal conductor and an insulating layer on the surface, and seawater, along with the second conductor 201, serves as the medium for the current return path. The first conductor 202 and the second conductor 201 together form an equivalent coaxial transmission loop. The insulating layer 203 surrounding the first conductor 202 is used to guide and confine the electromagnetic field. Electrodes 204 are connected to an excitation source 205 to generate electromagnetic waves within the structure.

[0045] In this structure, electromagnetic waves mainly propagate in the form of surface waves along the interface between the insulating layer 203 and the second conductor 201. Figure 2 In the diagram, arrows indicate the direction of the electric field, dotted lines indicate the direction of the magnetic field, and dashed lines indicate the trend of the electromagnetic wave. Because the second conductor 201 is a non-ideal conductor and the transmission line operates in an "electrically large size" state, the electromagnetic wave propagates with a significant standing wave effect. This causes the magnetic field strength to no longer be uniform along the cable axis, but rather exhibit a periodic fluctuation, meaning there are a series of alternating magnetic field strength maxima and minima. By combining the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics reflecting wave attenuation and phase regularity with the corrected transmission characteristics that determine the wave's spatial period, the magnetic field strength distribution curve can be reconstructed. The points on the magnetic field strength distribution curve where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum can be used to determine the target mounting location.

[0046] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention quantify the impact of non-ideal seawater characteristics by accurately establishing a propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater, and accordingly correct the parameters of the system's equivalent circuit. Based on the corrected model, the key transmission characteristics of the power supply system can be accurately calculated, ultimately guiding the coupler to automatically optimize and locate the position with the strongest energy coupling on long-distance power supply loops, thereby determining the optimal energy pickup point. This method fundamentally improves the power transmission efficiency, stability, and reliability of underwater power supply systems in long-distance, complex environments.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first conductor and the second conductor, the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater is solved to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater. This includes: determining the first time-harmonic field control equation of the first conductor and the second time-harmonic field control equation of the second conductor based on the first propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the first conductor and the second propagation characteristics in the second conductor, respectively; and coupling the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation using the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first propagation characteristic can represent the inherent properties exhibited by the electromagnetic wave as it propagates through the insulation layer of a first conductor, such as a single cable. In a specific embodiment, since the insulation layer of the single cable is a lossless dielectric with near-zero conductivity, the free charge density and conduction current in the insulation layer are both zero in a time-harmonic field. The first propagation characteristic is determined solely by the intrinsic material parameters of the insulation layer, such as its dielectric constant and permeability, which in turn determine the phase velocity and wave impedance of the electromagnetic wave within it.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first time-harmonic field governing equation represents a set of partial differential equations based on the first propagation characteristics, which describes the spatial variation of the time-harmonic electromagnetic field within the insulating layer of the first conductor.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the first propagation characteristic can be determined by the dielectric constant and permeability of the insulating layer in the first conductor, which can be specifically reflected by establishing Maxwell's equations in the insulating layer of the first conductor, as shown below:

[0051] (1);

[0052] In the formula, This represents the electric field strength within the insulating layer. This indicates the magnetic field strength within the insulating layer. This represents the dielectric constant of the insulating layer. Indicates the magnetic permeability of the insulating layer. Indicates the system's operating angular frequency. This represents the vector differential operator.

[0053] In this specific embodiment, the first time-harmonic field control equation can be expressed as a source-free and lossless Helmholtz equation. Based on Maxwell's equations in the insulating layer as shown in equation (1) above, the Helmholtz equations for the magnetic and electric fields of the insulating layer can be constructed as follows:

[0054] (2);

[0055] In the formula, This represents the propagation vector of the electromagnetic wave in the insulating layer, serving as the first propagation characteristic.

[0056] In this specific embodiment, the propagation vector of the electromagnetic wave in the insulating layer It can be determined by the dielectric constant of the insulating layer. Magnetic permeability of the insulating layer and system operating angular frequency The specific expression is as follows:

[0057] (3).

[0058] In this specific embodiment, the Helmholtz equations for the magnetic and electric fields of the insulating layer are solved using the method of separation of variables, as shown in equation (2) above. The expressions for the magnetic and electric fields in the insulating layer are obtained as follows:

[0059] (4);

[0060] In the formula, Denotes the radius of a unit vector, where, in cylindrical coordinates... In this context, the radius of a unit vector can be represented as the position vector of any point in space, i.e. , , , Let represent the unit vectors in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and let r represent the radial coordinate. Represents angular coordinates, Indicates the axial coordinate. This represents a vector constant that depends on boundary conditions and is independent of spatial coordinates. , , , All are constants.

[0061] In this embodiment, the second propagation characteristic can represent the inherent properties exhibited by the electromagnetic wave when propagating in a second conductor, such as seawater. In a specific embodiment, since seawater is a lossy medium with significant conductivity, the second propagation characteristic can be determined by the dielectric constant, permeability, and conductivity of seawater. The presence of conductivity is the fundamental reason why electromagnetic waves experience ohmic losses and exponential decay in seawater.

[0062] In this embodiment, the second time-harmonic field governing equation represents a set of partial differential equations based on the second propagation characteristics, describing the spatial variation of the time-harmonic electromagnetic field within a second conductor, such as seawater.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the second propagation characteristic can be reflected by establishing Maxwell's equations for a second conductor such as seawater, as shown below:

[0064] (5);

[0065] In the formula, This represents the electric field strength in seawater. This indicates the strength of the magnetic field in seawater. Indicates the electrical conductivity of seawater. This represents the dielectric constant of seawater. Indicates the magnetic permeability of seawater. This represents the system's operating angular frequency. Wherein, the current density in seawater... satisfy .

[0066] In this specific embodiment, since the conduction current needs to be considered, the second time-harmonic field control equation is usually expressed in the form of the generalized Helmholtz equation in a lossy medium, and its complex wavenumber includes the loss term. Based on the Maxwell equations of the second conductor as shown in equation (5) above, the Helmholtz equations for the magnetic and electric fields of the second conductor can be constructed as follows:

[0067] (6);

[0068] In the formula, This represents the propagation vector of electromagnetic waves in seawater, serving as the second propagation characteristic.

[0069] In this specific embodiment, the propagation vector of the electromagnetic wave in seawater It can be determined by the dielectric constant of seawater Magnetic permeability of seawater The electrical conductivity of seawater and system operating angular frequency The specific expression is as follows:

[0070] (7).

[0071] In this specific embodiment, the Helmholtz equations for the magnetic and electric fields of the second conductor are solved using the method of separation of variables, as shown in equation (6) above. The expressions for the magnetic and electric fields of the second conductor are obtained as follows:

[0072] (8);

[0073] In the formula, This represents another vector constant that depends on boundary conditions.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by introducing the boundary conditions satisfied on the electromagnetic field propagation boundary, the originally independent first time harmonic field control equation and the second time harmonic field control equation are correlated and solved to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics that can truly reflect the propagation law of energy along this special path.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics are obtained by coupling the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation using the electromagnetic field propagation boundary. This includes: applying boundary conditions at the electromagnetic field propagation boundary such that the tangential components of the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity are continuous; solving the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation based on the boundary conditions to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure of seawater; and obtaining the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics characterizing the propagation of energy along the interface based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity.

[0076] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic field propagation boundary represents the physical interface between the outer surface of the insulating layer of the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0077] In this embodiment, the boundary conditions include: the tangential components of the electric field intensity vector are equal on both sides of the physical interface, and the tangential components of the magnetic field intensity vector are equal on both sides of the physical interface. These boundary conditions can be used to couple wave parameters in the first conductor insulation layer with wave parameters in seawater.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, to solve the propagation model of a single-line coupled energy transfer system in seawater, boundary conditions need to be established and applied on the electromagnetic field propagation boundary. When the electromagnetic wave propagates at... When the angle is defined from the single cable incident into the seawater. , , Let be the propagation vectors of the incident wave, reflected wave, and refracted wave, respectively. Typically, the magnetic flux density components on both sides of the boundary between the electromagnetic field propagation surfaces are equal. When the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis, the boundary conditions of the propagation vectors satisfy the following relationship:

[0079] (9);

[0080] In the formula, This represents the propagation vector of the incident wave as the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis. This represents the propagation vector of the reflected wave when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis. This represents the propagation vector of the refracted wave when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis.

[0081] To simplify the analysis, we mainly consider the radial component of the electromagnetic wave. and axial component The propagation and attenuation patterns, ignoring The electromagnetic wave component in the direction. Therefore, the vector expression for the electromagnetic refracted wave is as follows:

[0082] (10);

[0083] In the formula, This represents the propagation vector of the refracted wave when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the r-axis. Wherein, the propagation vector of the incident wave is the propagation vector when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the z-axis. Let the propagation vector of the refracted wave be when the electromagnetic wave propagates along the r-axis. In seawater, the propagation vector expression is established as follows:

[0084] (11);

[0085] (12);

[0086] In the formula, This represents the attenuation constant, which characterizes the amplitude attenuation of an electromagnetic wave per unit length during transmission. This represents the phase drift constant, which characterizes the phase lag per unit distance. When the incident angle is constant, and All are constants. m represents an intermediate variable related to the boundary conditions, where... .

[0087] In this specific embodiment, the spatial distribution characteristics of electromagnetic field intensity can represent a field vector spatial distribution function that fully describes the changes of electric field intensity vector and magnetic field intensity vector with spatial position within the coaxial structure.

[0088] By solving the boundary conditions shown in formula (9) in conjunction with the Helmholtz equations for the insulating layer and seawater, specific coefficients in the solution can be determined, thereby obtaining the spatial distribution expression of the electromagnetic field intensity in the seawater medium. For example, assuming that the magnetic field direction of the system is mainly along the angular direction... The expression for the magnetic field strength in seawater is as follows:

[0089] (13);

[0090] Based on formulas (5) and (13), the expressions for the electric field intensity in seawater as a function of axial distance z and radial distance r can be obtained as follows:

[0091] (14);

[0092] In the formula, e r e represents the radial unit vector in cylindrical coordinates. z This represents the axial unit vector in cylindrical coordinates.

[0093] In this specific embodiment, the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics may further include the spatial distribution function of the Poynting vector. The Poynting vector represents the instantaneous direction of electromagnetic energy flow and the power flux density.

[0094] For example, based on formulas (13) and (14), the Poynting vector at the seawater boundary can be further solved, and its expression is as follows:

[0095] (15);

[0096] In the formula, This represents the Poynting vector at the sea boundary.

[0097] Similarly, the expression for the magnetic field strength in the insulating layer is as follows:

[0098] (16);

[0099] Based on formulas (1) and (14), the expressions for the electric field intensity in the insulating layer as a function of axial distance z and radial distance r can be obtained as follows:

[0100] (17).

[0101] Based on formulas (16) and (17), the Poynting vector at the boundary of the insulation layer can be further solved, and its expression is shown below:

[0102] (18);

[0103] In the formula, This represents the Poynting vector at the boundary of the insulation layer.

[0104] In this specific embodiment, based on formulas (16) and (18), it can be seen that energy mainly propagates along the direction parallel to the boundary, i.e., the axial direction z, and is concentrated near the interface. Therefore, the spatial distribution function of the Poynting vector, as shown in formulas (16) and (18), can transform the abstract field distribution into an intuitive image of energy transfer.

[0105] Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention establish control equations based on the intrinsic parameters of the insulating layer and seawater respectively, and perform coupled solutions by strictly applying electromagnetic field boundary conditions at the interface. This enables analytically obtaining the true distribution of the electromagnetic field in space, and also reveals and proves the physical nature of energy propagating along the interface mainly in the form of surface waves. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and data foundation for subsequent circuit parameter correction and coupler position optimization, and solves the core problem of inaccurate prediction by traditional models in long-distance transmission scenarios.

[0106] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the circuit model parameters include inductance parameters. The circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system are corrected based on electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to obtain corrected circuit model parameters. This includes: obtaining the skin depth of the magnetic field in the second conductor from the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics; determining an additional inductance component based on the skin depth; and correcting the inductance parameters using the additional inductance component to obtain corrected inductance parameters.

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the corrected circuit model parameters further include resistance correction parameters. The process of correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters further includes: obtaining the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second conductor from the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics; determining the equivalent resistance component based on the attenuation constant; and correcting the resistance parameters using the equivalent resistance component to obtain the resistance correction parameters.

[0108] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the transmission characteristics of a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system can be analyzed based on transmission line theory. For a uniform transmission line of unit length, the propagation coefficient of its electromagnetic waves can be given by the telegraph equation, the expression of which is as follows:

[0109] (19);

[0110] In the formula, The symbol represents the propagation coefficient of electromagnetic waves, R represents the resistance per unit length, L represents the inductance per unit length, C represents the capacitance per unit length, and G represents the conductance per unit length. This represents the system's operating angular frequency.

[0111] In this specific embodiment, since the conductivity of the insulating layer is extremely low, the conductivity per unit length is approximately 0 and can be ignored. Based on this, the attenuation constant and phase drift constant can be derived from the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave, and their expressions are as follows:

[0112] (20);

[0113] (twenty one).

[0114] In this specific embodiment, the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the system can be calculated based on the phase drift constant, and its expression is as follows:

[0115] (twenty two);

[0116] In the formula, This indicates the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0117] In this specific embodiment, as can be seen from equation (22), the phase drift constant and the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave directly depend on the unit length resistance R, the unit length inductance L, and the unit length capacitance C.

[0118] According to an embodiment of the present invention, since seawater is not an ideal conductor, the parameters of the traditional coaxial line model are not applicable and need to be modified. The traditional model assumes that the outer conductor is an ideal conductor, the magnetic field is completely confined within the insulating layer, and the inductance is small; the resistance is also considered only for the conductor's resistance. However, in the actual case where seawater is the outer conductor, the magnetic field penetrates into the seawater, increasing the inductance; simultaneously, the finite conductivity of seawater introduces additional resistance. Therefore, the modification of the circuit model parameters for the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system essentially involves modifying the resistance R, inductance L, and capacitance C per unit length to reflect the influence of seawater as a non-ideal outer conductor.

[0119] In this embodiment, the expression for the capacitance C per unit length is as follows:

[0120] (twenty three);

[0121] In the formula, a represents the radius of the inner conductor, and b represents the outer diameter of the insulation layer. Since the capacitance C per unit length is mainly determined by the material and size of the insulation layer between the inner and outer conductors, there is no need to correct the capacitance C per unit length; only the resistance R and inductance L per unit length need to be corrected.

[0122] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system include inductance parameters. In this embodiment, when the outer conductor is an ideal conductor, the magnetic field is completely confined between the insulating layers of the inner and outer conductors. The inductance parameter represents the inductance per unit length within the insulating layer, and its expression is as follows:

[0123] (twenty four);

[0124] In the formula, This represents the inductance per unit length within the insulation layer.

[0125] In this embodiment, when the outer conductor is a second conductor such as seawater, the magnetic field penetrates into the seawater medium, and the distribution range of the magnetic field extends from the insulating layer to the interior of the seawater. In this case, the skin depth can be used to characterize the degree of attenuation of the magnetic field in the seawater. This skin depth can be calculated based on the permeability and conductivity of the second conductor. The expression for the skin depth is as follows:

[0126] (25);

[0127] In the formula, Indicates skin depth.

[0128] In this embodiment, the magnetic field penetrating into the seawater medium stores additional magnetic energy, forming an internal inductance generated by the seawater. This is equivalent to introducing additional inductance into the circuit model. Therefore, this seawater-generated internal inductance can be used as an additional inductance component to correct the inductance per unit length within the insulating layer. Specifically, the seawater-generated internal inductance can be calculated based on the skin depth of the magnetic field in the seawater, and its expression is as follows:

[0129] (26);

[0130] In the formula, This indicates the internal inductance generated by seawater.

[0131] In the first embodiment, the inductance per unit length within the insulating layer is corrected based on the internal inductance generated by seawater to obtain an inductance correction parameter. For example, the expression for the inductance correction parameter obtained by superimposing the internal inductance generated by seawater and the inductance per unit length within the insulating layer is shown below:

[0132] (27);

[0133] In the formula, This indicates the inductance correction parameter.

[0134] In the second embodiment, in addition to the internal inductance generated by the seawater, the internal inductance of the first conductor, such as a single cable, can also be considered and treated as an additional inductance component, as shown in the following expression:

[0135] (27);

[0136] In the formula, This indicates the internal inductance of a single cable. This represents the permeability of a single cable.

[0137] In the second embodiment, the inductance per unit length within the insulation layer can be corrected based on the internal inductance generated by seawater and the internal inductance of the single cable itself, resulting in an inductance correction parameter. For example, the expression for the inductance correction parameter obtained by superimposing the internal inductance generated by seawater, the internal inductance of the single cable itself, and the inductance per unit length within the insulation layer is shown below:

[0138] (28).

[0139] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system further include resistance parameters. In this embodiment, the resistance of the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system consists of two parts: the AC resistance of the first conductor, such as the single wire itself, and the resistance of the second conductor, such as seawater.

[0140] In one embodiment, since the system operates under alternating current, the skin effect also needs to be considered in the AC resistance of the single-wire conductor. Assuming that the current flows uniformly through the surface of the circular conductor, the expression for the AC resistance of the single-wire conductor is as follows:

[0141] (29);

[0142] In the formula, This represents the AC resistance of a single-wire conductor itself. Represents the resistivity of a conductor within a single wire. This refers to the system frequency.

[0143] In this embodiment, it can be seen from formula (19) that the attenuation constant is... It is the propagation coefficient of electromagnetic waves. The real part of the electromagnetic wave can be obtained by solving the telegraph equations of the single-wire coupled energy transfer system in seawater. This allows us to analyze the propagation coefficient of electromagnetic waves. The real part is used to obtain the attenuation constant. As shown in formula (20), this attenuation constant quantitatively characterizes the attenuation rate of the electromagnetic wave's field amplitude per unit distance as it propagates along the transmission direction. In this system, the attenuation constant... This comprehensively reflects the ohmic loss effect caused by the combined AC resistance of the single conductor and the resistance of the seawater. The total loss consists of two parts: one part originates from the AC resistance of the single conductor itself, and the other part originates from the equivalent resistance of the seawater. Therefore, determining the equivalent resistance of the seawater requires separating the attenuation portion caused by the seawater from the total loss.

[0144] In this embodiment, the AC resistance of uniform seawater is related to multiple factors such as single-wire length, current frequency, electrode material, and surface area, making it difficult to calculate accurately using a single analytical formula. To ensure the accuracy of the model, this invention can determine the AC resistance of seawater through experimental correlation methods and use it as an equivalent resistance component to correct the unit length resistance within the insulation layer.

[0145] In one specific implementation, the step of determining the alternating current resistance of seawater may include: constructing a pre-defined length of [structure / section] in an environment consistent with the actual operating conditions of the system, such as frequency and water quality. A test sample of a "single-wire-seawater" transmission line was presented. At the system's operating frequency, the transmission parameters of this test sample could be measured using precision measuring instruments such as a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), and the length of the segment could be calculated based on these parameters. The total attenuation of the test sample at the system operating frequency The measured total attenuation Convert to measured attenuation constant The specific conversion formula is as follows:

[0146] (30);

[0147] In the formula, It represents the base of the natural logarithm.

[0148] In this specific implementation, according to transmission line theory, the attenuation constant component caused by the resistance of a pure conductor can be approximately estimated as:

[0149] (31);

[0150] In the formula, Z0 represents the attenuation constant component caused by the conductor resistance, and Z0 represents the characteristic impedance of the single-wire-seawater transmission line structure, which can be calculated from the inductance L and capacitance C per unit length. .

[0151] In this specific embodiment, the attenuation constant caused by the seawater medium can be obtained by subtracting the attenuation component caused by the conductor from the measured total attenuation, as shown in the following expression:

[0152] (32);

[0153] In the formula, This represents the attenuation constant caused by seawater.

[0154] In this specific embodiment, based on the relationship between the attenuation constant and the resistance component in transmission line theory, the equivalent resistance component of seawater per unit length is derived, as shown in the following expression:

[0155] (33);

[0156] In the formula, This represents the equivalent resistance of seawater.

[0157] In this specific embodiment, the experimental measurement method described above is merely an exemplary way to determine the equivalent resistance component. Those skilled in the art can also use other measurement or calculation methods to obtain the equivalent resistance component, as long as it can reflect the ohmic loss of the seawater medium.

[0158] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the resistance per unit length within the insulation layer is corrected based on the AC resistance of seawater to obtain a resistance correction parameter, which is used to accurately reflect the total resistance per unit length of the total ohmic loss in the single-wire-seawater coupled energy transfer structure. For example, by superimposing the AC resistance of the single wire itself and the AC resistance of the seawater, the expression for the resistance correction parameter is as follows:

[0159] (34);

[0160] In the formula, This indicates the resistance correction parameter.

[0161] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention perform a physical-driven quantitative correction of the circuit model parameters of a seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system by extracting skin depth and attenuation constant from a precise electromagnetic field model. Specifically, by introducing an additional inductance component determined by the skin depth, the increased magnetic energy storage due to magnetic field penetration into seawater is accurately quantified, correcting the deficiency of traditional models that underestimate the system's inductive reactance due to the assumption of an ideal outer conductor. Furthermore, by correlating the attenuation constant with experimental methods, the equivalent resistance component reflecting the ohmic loss of seawater is determined and used to replace the conductor resistance in the traditional ideal coaxial model, thereby accurately reflecting the total resistance, including seawater loss, in the circuit model. This circuit model parameter correction method enables the inductance and resistance parameters per unit length in the circuit model to truly reflect the complex electromagnetic characteristics of seawater as a non-ideal conductor, thus laying a reliable model foundation for subsequent accurate calculation of the system's operating wavelength and optimization of coupler deployment locations. This fundamentally solves the key technical problem of inaccurate predictions and inability to guide efficient energy harvesting under long-distance and complex sea conditions by traditional analysis models.

[0162] According to embodiments of the present invention, based on the aforementioned inductance correction parameters, resistance correction parameters, and unit length capacitance parameters, the present invention can further construct an equivalent circuit model of the complete loop of a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system and calculate its key propagation characteristics, thereby providing an accurate model basis for the optimized deployment of the coupler.

[0163] The following is for reference. Figure 3 The equivalent circuit model of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments.

[0164] Figure 3 An equivalent circuit model of a seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0165] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 An equivalent circuit model implementation of the aforementioned seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system is shown. Since the underwater coupling component can be mounted at any position on the single line, for ease of analysis, the installation position of the coupling component can be taken as a node, and the entire single-line transmission path can be divided into upper and lower parts, and their equivalent circuit models can be constructed by applying transmission line theory to each part.

[0166] like Figure 3 The equivalent circuit model of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system shown includes an excitation source, an upper transmission line lumped parameter circuit, a lower transmission line lumped parameter circuit, an underwater coupler, and a load side. This equivalent circuit model describes the complete power transfer path from the power source to the load. Its energy transfer process can be explained by following the logical sequence of signal excitation, transmission line energy transfer, coupler energy induction transfer, and load energy acquisition.

[0167] In this specific embodiment, the excitation source U s To provide high-frequency AC excitation for the system, its internal resistance is R. in After the current flows out from the positive terminal of the power supply, it first flows into the front-end circuit of the lumped parameter circuit of the upper transmission line.

[0168] In this specific embodiment, the lumped parameter circuit of the upper transmission line is a lumped equivalent model of the transmission loop composed of a single line and seawater. This model simulates the transmission characteristics within a specific length by equating the actual distributed parameter transmission line to a lumped element. The physical meaning of each element is as follows: the loss element includes the equivalent resistance R corresponding to the upper transmission line. s1 Upper plate resistance R p1 The equivalent resistance R of the upper transmission line l1 Loss-inducing elements are responsible for dissipating a portion of the power during transmission. Magnetic field energy storage elements include the equivalent inductance L of the upper transmission line. l1 The magnetic field energy storage element is used to store the magnetic field energy generated by the transmission line current. The electric field energy storage element includes the distributed capacitance C1 between the upper transmission line and the seawater, and the distributed capacitance C between the upper transmission line and the electrode plate. 21 Electric field energy storage elements are used to store the electric field energy between the transmission line and the surrounding medium.

[0169] In this specific embodiment, the lower transmission line lumped parameter circuit has the same structure and physical meaning as the upper transmission line, representing only a different position of the single line. The lower transmission line lumped parameter circuit can be used to continue the underwater single-line transmission after energy coupling via a coupler. Here, the lower transmission line represents the "single-line-seawater" transmission segment after the coupler node. The components in the lower transmission line lumped parameter circuit include: the equivalent resistance R corresponding to the lower transmission line. s2 Lower plate resistance R p2 The equivalent resistance R of the lower transmission line l2 The equivalent inductance L of the lower transmission line l2 The distributed capacitance C3 between the lower transmission line and the seawater, and the distributed capacitance C between the lower transmission line and the electrode plate. 22 .

[0170] In this specific embodiment, the underwater coupler can be viewed as a pair of coupled coils for wireless power transfer from the transmission line to the load. Specifically, the primary side of the underwater coupler consists of the self-inductance L of the primary coil. T and primary coil parasitic resistance R T The underwater coupler is constructed such that the current flowing through the transmission line enters the primary coil and generates an alternating magnetic field. The secondary side of the coupler is formed by the self-inductance L of the secondary coil. R and secondary coil parasitic resistance R R The structure involves mutual inductance M, where the alternating magnetic field of the primary coil induces an alternating electromotive force in the secondary coil, thereby wirelessly transferring energy from the primary side transmission line to the secondary side load circuit.

[0171] In this specific embodiment, the load side can be used for terminal energy harvesting. The induced electrical energy drives the current in the load circuit on the secondary side, and is ultimately delivered to the load R. load Load R load As a power supply terminal, it consumes the transmitted electrical energy, thereby completing the entire energy transmission and utilization process from the power source to the load.

[0172] In this specific embodiment, for an upper transmission line segment of length l1, its lumped parameter inductance, lumped parameter capacitance, and lumped parameter resistance can be obtained by multiplying the corrected circuit model parameters by the upper transmission line length, as shown in the following specific expressions:

[0173] (35);

[0174] In the formula, This represents the lumped parameter inductance of the upper transmission line segment. C1 represents the lumped parameter resistance of the upper transmission line segment, and C2 represents the lumped parameter capacitance of the upper transmission line segment.

[0175] Similarly, for a lower transmission line segment of length l2, its lumped parameter inductance, lumped parameter capacitance, and lumped parameter resistance can be obtained by multiplying the corrected circuit model parameters by the length of the lower transmission line, as shown in the following expressions:

[0176] (36);

[0177] In the formula, This represents the lumped parameter inductance of the lower transmission line segment. C1 represents the lumped resistance of the lower transmission line segment, and C2 represents the lumped capacitance of the lower transmission line segment.

[0178] In this specific embodiment, these lumped parameters, together with the primary coil self-inductance, secondary coil self-inductance, mutual inductance and parasitic resistance, electrode plate resistance, equivalent resistance of the seawater circuit, and the power supply and load, constitute the following... Figure 3 The complete equivalent circuit is shown.

[0179] According to an embodiment of the present invention, determining the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the corrected circuit model parameters and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics includes: calculating the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave based on the corrected circuit model parameters; determining the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function along the axis of the first conductor based on the magnetic field amplitude attenuation law and phase change law included in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, and in combination with the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave; and determining the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor according to the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function.

[0180] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is calculated based on the corrected circuit model parameters, including: calculating the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave based on the inductance correction parameters, resistance correction parameters, and capacitance parameters; and calculating the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave based on the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave.

[0181] In one specific embodiment, the inductance correction parameter L obtained by modifying as shown in formulas (27), (28), and (34) can be used. t With resistance correction parameter R t Substitute the unit length capacitance C into the expression shown in formula (19) to calculate the propagation coefficient of the corrected electromagnetic wave. Then extract the corrected phase constant from the propagation coefficient of the corrected electromagnetic wave and calculate the working wavelength of the corrected electromagnetic wave using the expression shown in formula (22).

[0182] In another specific embodiment, the inductance correction parameter L obtained by correction in formulas (27), (28), and (34) can also be directly applied. t With resistance correction parameter R t Substituting the capacitance C per unit length into the expression shown in formula (22), the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength is calculated. Specifically, the expression for the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength is as follows:

[0183] (37);

[0184] In the formula, This indicates the corrected operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0185] According to an embodiment of the present invention, to illustrate the effect of the circuit model parameter correction method of the present invention, a comparison is made with an uncorrected simplified model. In the uncorrected model, the coupling effect between the "single line and seawater" is usually ignored, and the electromagnetic wave is only considered to propagate in an infinite seawater medium. The formula for calculating its operating wavelength is:

[0186] (38);

[0187] In the formula, This indicates the operating wavelength of the uncorrected model.

[0188] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the operating wavelength with frequency according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0189] like Figure 4 As shown, the corrected wavelength represents the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength λ calculated based on formula (37). s The uncorrected wavelength represents the uncorrected operating wavelength based on formula (38). Both wavelengths decrease inversely with increasing frequency, but the corrected wavelength is shorter than the uncorrected wavelength.

[0190] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the wavelength ratio of the modified operating wavelength to the unmodified operating wavelength according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0191] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, this graph reveals the nonlinear relationship between the ratio of the corrected operating wavelength to the uncorrected operating wavelength and frequency. Specifically, the wavelength ratio is approximately 3.62 at 0.5 MHz; it drops to 3.34 at 1 MHz; 2.83 at 1.5 MHz; 2.13 at 2 MHz; and stabilizes around 2.11 and 2.10 at 2.5 MHz and 3 MHz, respectively. The overall trend indicates that the ratio decreases nonlinearly and inversely proportionally with increasing frequency, rather than being a simple constant multiple.

[0192] The fundamental reason for this nonlinear change lies in the wavelength shortening mechanism caused by seawater acting as a non-ideal outer conductor. When the outer conductor is an ideal conductor, the electromagnetic field is completely confined within the insulating layer, and its propagation characteristics are determined solely by the parameters of the insulating layer. However, when the outer conductor is seawater, a non-ideal conductor, the alternating magnetic field partially penetrates into the seawater medium. This penetration effect is equivalent to increasing the inductance per unit length of the system, directly causing an increase in the phase constant, which in turn leads to a shortening of the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the corrected wavelength is simultaneously affected by the combined electromagnetic parameters of both the insulating layer and the seawater medium, and the curve showing the ratio of these parameters is a direct reflection of this complex coupling effect.

[0193] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the comparison between theoretical calculation and simulation calculation of the modified operating wavelength according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided.

[0194] like Figure 6 As shown, to quantitatively verify the accuracy of the corrected formula (37), a full-wave electromagnetic simulation was performed on the seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system of the present invention. The figure shows the comparison results of the theoretically calculated wavelength and the simulated wavelength based on formula (37) across the entire frequency band under typical parameters. Among them, the solid line represents the theoretical calculation curve, and the dashed line represents the simulation calculation curve. The two curves show a high degree of consistency across the entire frequency band, which strongly proves that the correction method of introducing skin depth to correct the inductance and determining the equivalent resistance through experimental correlation can accurately characterize the theoretical propagation characteristics of the "single-wire-seawater" coupled energy transfer system under the simulation model, thereby verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the corrected model proposed in this invention at the theoretical level.

[0195] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention achieve accurate calculation of the operating wavelength in a seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer structure by substituting the inductance, resistance, and inherent capacitance parameters, corrected based on the skin depth and attenuation constant of seawater, into the transmission line equation. The corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength is significantly shorter than that of the traditional simplified model that ignores coupling effects, and the ratio of the two varies non-linearly with frequency. This essentially reveals the physical mechanism by which seawater, as a non-ideal external conductor, increases the system's equivalent inductance due to magnetic field penetration, thereby shortening the wavelength. Through high consistency verification between theoretical calculations and full-wave simulation results, this method effectively overcomes the prediction bias of the traditional model in long-distance transmission scenarios. It provides reliable system characteristic parameters for subsequent accurate synthesis of magnetic field distribution and optimization of coupler deployment locations, fundamentally improving the accuracy and transmission efficiency of seawater single-wire coupled energy transfer system design.

[0196] According to an embodiment of the present invention, determining the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function includes: performing optimization calculation on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function based on a preset cable length interval to obtain the axial coordinate where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum; and determining the target mounting position based on the axial coordinate where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum.

[0197] According to an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the corrected circuit model parameters and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the target mounting position of the coupler can be determined. Specifically, the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function along the axis of the first conductor can be synthesized by combining the physical laws contained in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics with the operating wavelength calculated as shown in formula (33).

[0198] The attenuation law of the magnetic field amplitude can be described by the attenuation constant α in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, characterizing the exponential attenuation trend of the magnetic field amplitude with axial distance. The phase change law can be described by the phase constant β in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, characterizing the periodic spatial oscillation of the magnetic field caused by the standing wave effect.

[0199] In one specific embodiment, based on the above principles, a magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function can be constructed to describe the variation of the axial magnetic field strength amplitude with axial position. This function quantifies the magnitude of the magnetic field strength that can be picked up by the coupler at any point on the cable. Its general form can be expressed as:

[0200] (38);

[0201] In the formula, This represents the amplitude coefficient related to the intensity of the excitation source. Indicates the initial phase.

[0202] In this specific embodiment, to find the installation point that maximizes magnetic field coupling, it is necessary to [z] within a preset cable length range.start ,z end Within (i.e., the actual cable section permitted for installation in the project), the distribution function of the magnetic field strength amplitude. Mathematical optimization is performed. This optimization process aims to find the function... All local maxima within the domain. This can be implemented using numerical algorithms, such as calculating the first derivative of the function. And find its zero point, while verifying the second derivative at that point. This allows us to determine the location of local maxima.

[0203] In this specific embodiment, the optimization calculation outputs one or more axial coordinate values ​​z. peak,1 ,z peak,2 These coordinates correspond to the locations on a given cable segment where the theoretical magnetic field is strongest. The axial coordinates z obtained through optimization calculations are then used... peak The target mounting location for the coupling component is determined.

[0204] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention, by automatically optimizing the precisely synthesized magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function within a preset engineering cable length range, can quickly and accurately output one or more axial coordinates that allow the magnetic field coupling strength to reach a local maximum. The target mounting location determined in this way provides clear and quantitative installation guidance for system deployment, thereby fundamentally ensuring that the coupler can be deployed at the theoretically optimal energy pickup point under any long-distance transmission condition, ultimately systematically improving the transmission efficiency and operational stability of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system.

[0205] Figure 7 A block diagram of a coupler deployment optimization device for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0206] like Figure 7 As shown, the coupler deployment optimization device includes a solution module 710, a correction module 720, and a determination module 730.

[0207] The solver module 710 is used to solve the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first and second conductors, and to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater.

[0208] The correction module 720 is used to correct the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, so as to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters.

[0209] The determination module 730 is used to determine the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the corrected circuit model parameters and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics.

[0210] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solution module 710 includes a governing equation determination submodule and a coupling submodule.

[0211] The governing equation determination submodule is used to determine the first time-harmonic field governing equation of the first conductor and the second time-harmonic field governing equation of the second conductor, based on the first propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the first conductor and the second propagation characteristics in the second conductor.

[0212] The coupling submodule is used to couple the first and second time-harmonic field control equations using the electromagnetic field propagation boundary to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics.

[0213] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coupling submodule includes a boundary condition determination unit, a coupling solution unit, and an electromagnetic field distribution characteristic determination unit.

[0214] The boundary condition determination element is used to apply boundary conditions at the electromagnetic field propagation boundary, where the tangential components of the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity are continuous.

[0215] The coupled solution unit is used to solve the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation based on the boundary conditions, so as to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure of seawater.

[0216] The electromagnetic field distribution characteristic determination unit is used to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics that characterize energy propagation along the interface based on the spatial distribution characteristics of electromagnetic field intensity.

[0217] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the correction module 720 includes a skin depth acquisition submodule, an additional inductance component determination submodule, and an inductance correction submodule.

[0218] The skin depth acquisition submodule is used to obtain the skin depth of the magnetic field in the second conductor from the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics.

[0219] The additional inductance component determination submodule is used to determine the additional inductance component based on the skin depth.

[0220] The inductance correction submodule is used to correct the inductance parameters using an additional inductance component, thus obtaining the inductance correction parameters.

[0221] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the correction module 720 further includes an attenuation constant submodule, an equivalent resistance component determination submodule, and a resistance correction submodule.

[0222] The attenuation constant submodule is used to obtain the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second conductor from the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics.

[0223] The equivalent resistance component determination submodule is used to determine the equivalent resistance component based on the attenuation constant.

[0224] The resistance correction submodule is used to correct the resistance parameters using the equivalent resistance component to obtain the corrected resistance parameters.

[0225] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determining module 730 includes a wavelength calculation submodule, an amplitude distribution function determining submodule, and a position determining submodule.

[0226] The wavelength calculation submodule is used to calculate the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength based on the corrected circuit model parameters.

[0227] The amplitude distribution function determination submodule is used to determine the magnetic field intensity amplitude distribution function along the axis of the first conductor based on the magnetic field amplitude attenuation law and phase change law included in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, and in combination with the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength.

[0228] The position determination submodule is used to determine the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function.

[0229] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wavelength calculation submodule includes a propagation coefficient calculation unit and a wavelength calculation unit.

[0230] The propagation coefficient calculation unit is used to calculate the propagation coefficient of electromagnetic waves based on inductance correction parameters, resistance correction parameters, and capacitance parameters.

[0231] The wavelength calculation unit is used to calculate the corrected operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave based on the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave.

[0232] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the position determination submodule includes: a coordinate determination unit and a position determination unit.

[0233] The coordinate determination unit is used to perform optimization calculations on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function based on a preset cable length interval, and obtain the axial coordinates of the magnetic field strength as a local maximum.

[0234] The position determination unit is used to determine the target mounting position based on the axial coordinates where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum.

[0235] Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to embodiments of the present invention, or at least part of the functions of any one or more of them, can be implemented in a single module. Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by being divided into multiple modules. Any one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to embodiments of the present invention can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuits, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), systems-on-a-chip, systems-on-a-substrate, systems-on-package, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or implemented in hardware or firmware by any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging circuits, or implemented in software, hardware, and firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of these three implementation methods. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, submodules, units, and subunits according to embodiments of the present invention can be at least partially implemented as computer program modules, which, when run, can perform corresponding functions.

[0236] For example, any plurality of the solving module 710, the correction module 720, and the determining module 730 can be combined into one module / unit / subunit, or any one of these modules / units / subunits can be split into multiple modules / units / subunits. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules / units / subunits can be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules / units / subunits and implemented in one module / unit / subunit. According to embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the solving module 710, the correction module 720, and the determining module 730 can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of these three implementation methods. Alternatively, at least one of the solving module 710, the correction module 720, and the determining module 730 may be implemented at least partially as a computer program module, which can perform corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0237] It should be noted that the coupler deployment optimization device part for seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the coupler deployment optimization method part for seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system in the embodiments of the present invention. For a detailed description of the coupler deployment optimization device part for seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, please refer to the coupler deployment optimization method part for seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, which will not be repeated here.

[0238] Figure 8 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing a coupler deployment optimization method for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown.

[0239] Figure 8 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0240] like Figure 8 As shown, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory ROM 802 or a program loaded from a storage portion 808 into a random access memory RAM 803. The processor 801 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and / or an associated chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. The processor 801 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 801 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0241] RAM 803 stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. Processor 801, ROM 802, and RAM 803 are interconnected via bus 804. Processor 801 executes various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention by executing programs in ROM 802 and / or RAM 803. It should be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than ROM 802 and RAM 803. Processor 801 may also execute various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention by executing programs stored in said one or more memories.

[0242] According to embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device may further include an input / output (I / O) interface 805, which is also connected to a bus 804. The electronic device may also include one or more of the following components connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 805: an input section 806 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 807 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 808 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A driver 810 is also connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 805 as needed. A removable medium 811, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the driver 810 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into the storage section 808 as needed.

[0243] According to embodiments of the present invention, the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 809, and / or installed from removable medium 811. When the computer program is executed by processor 801, it performs the functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present invention. According to embodiments of the present invention, the systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0244] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus / system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0245] According to embodiments of the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples include, but are not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0246] For example, according to embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM 802 and / or RAM 803 described above and / or one or more memories other than ROM 802 and RAM 803.

[0247] Embodiments of the present invention also include a computer program product comprising a computer program containing program code for performing the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. When the computer program product is run on an electronic device, the program code is used to enable the electronic device to implement the coupler deployment optimization method for seawater single-line coupled energy transfer systems provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0248] When the computer program is executed by the processor 801, it performs the functions defined in the system / apparatus of this embodiment of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, the systems, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0249] In one embodiment, the computer program may rely on a tangible storage medium such as an optical storage device or a magnetic storage device. In another embodiment, the computer program may also be transmitted and distributed in the form of signals over a network medium, and may be downloaded and installed via the communication section 809, and / or installed from a removable medium 811. The program code contained in the computer program can be transmitted using any suitable network medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0250] According to embodiments of the present invention, program code for executing the computer programs provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. Specifically, these computational programs can be implemented using high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming languages, and / or assembly / machine languages. Programming languages ​​include, but are not limited to, languages ​​such as Java, C++, Python, "C", or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0251] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or pairings fall within the scope of this invention.

[0252] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing coupler deployment in a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, characterized in that, The coupler deployment optimization method includes: Based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first and second conductors, the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure is solved to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure. The seawater single-line coupled energy transfer structure is composed of the first conductor and the second conductor. The first conductor is a single cable with a metal conductor inside and an insulating medium covering the surface. The second conductor is the seawater medium that serves as the current return path. Based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system are corrected to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters. The corrected model parameters include inductance correction parameters and resistance correction parameters. The inductance correction parameters are determined by the skin depth of the magnetic field in the second conductor, and the resistance correction parameters are determined by the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second conductor. Based on the corrected circuit model parameters, the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength is calculated. Based on the magnetic field amplitude attenuation law included in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, and combined with the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength, the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function along the axis of the first conductor is determined, wherein the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function is expressed as: ； in, The magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function is represented by α, which represents the attenuation constant in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to characterize the attenuation law of the magnetic field amplitude, and z represents the axial distance. Indicates the operating wavelength of electromagnetic waves. Indicates the initial phase; Based on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function, the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor is determined, wherein the target mounting position is configured to place the coupling component in the region of maximum axial magnetic field strength.

2. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater is solved based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first and second conductors, yielding the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater, including: Based on the first propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave in the first conductor and the second propagation characteristics in the second conductor, the first time-harmonic field control equation of the first conductor and the second time-harmonic field control equation of the second conductor are determined respectively, wherein the first propagation characteristics are determined by the dielectric constant and permeability of the insulating layer in the first conductor, and the second propagation characteristics are determined by the dielectric constant, permeability and conductivity of the second conductor. The electromagnetic field distribution characteristics are obtained by coupling the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation using the electromagnetic field propagation boundary.

3. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of coupling the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation using the electromagnetic field propagation boundary to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics includes: At the electromagnetic field propagation boundary, boundary conditions are applied for the continuity of both the tangential component of the electric field intensity and the tangential component of the magnetic field intensity. Based on the boundary conditions, the first time-harmonic field control equation and the second time-harmonic field control equation are coupled and solved to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity of the electromagnetic wave in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure of the seawater. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field intensity, the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics characterizing energy propagation along the interface are obtained.

4. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit model parameters include inductance parameters. The process of correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters includes: From the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the skin depth of the magnetic field in the second conductor is obtained, wherein the skin depth characterizes the degree of attenuation of the magnetic field in the second conductor; Based on the skin depth, the additional inductance component is determined; The inductance parameters are corrected using the additional inductance component to obtain the inductance correction parameters.

5. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circuit model parameters also include resistance parameters. The step of correcting the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters further includes: From the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second conductor is obtained, wherein the attenuation constant in the second conductor characterizes the amount of amplitude attenuation of the electromagnetic wave per unit length during transmission. The equivalent resistance component is determined based on the attenuation constant in the second conductor; The resistance parameters are corrected using the equivalent resistance component to obtain the resistance correction parameters.

6. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength based on the corrected circuit model parameters includes: Based on the inductance correction parameter, the resistance correction parameter, and the capacitance parameter, the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave is calculated, wherein the capacitance parameter is determined by the geometric dimensions of the insulating layer of the first conductor and the dielectric constant. Based on the propagation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave, the corrected operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is calculated.

7. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor based on the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function includes: The magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function is optimized based on a preset cable length range to obtain the axial coordinates where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum. The target mounting position is determined based on the axial coordinate where the magnetic field strength is a local maximum.

8. The coupler deployment optimization method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The skin depth is calculated using the permeability and conductivity of the second conductor.

9. A coupler deployment optimization device for a seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system, characterized in that, The coupler deployment optimization device includes: The solution module is used to solve the propagation model of electromagnetic waves in a single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater based on the electromagnetic field propagation boundaries of the first conductor and the second conductor, and to obtain the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater. The single-line coupled energy transfer structure in seawater is composed of the first conductor and the second conductor. The first conductor is a single cable with a metal conductor inside and an insulating medium covering the surface. The second conductor is a seawater medium that serves as the current return path. The correction module is used to correct the circuit model parameters of the seawater single-line coupled energy transfer system based on the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to obtain the corrected circuit model parameters. The corrected model parameters include inductance correction parameters and resistance correction parameters. The inductance correction parameters are determined by the skin depth of the magnetic field in the second conductor, and the resistance correction parameters are determined by the attenuation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second conductor. The determination module is used to calculate the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength based on the corrected circuit model parameters, determine the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function along the axis of the first conductor based on the magnetic field amplitude attenuation law included in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics and in combination with the corrected electromagnetic wave operating wavelength, and determine the target mounting position of the coupling component on the first conductor according to the magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function. The target mounting position is configured to place the coupling component in the region of maximum axial magnetic field strength. The magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function is expressed as: ； in, The magnetic field strength amplitude distribution function is represented by α, which represents the attenuation constant in the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics to characterize the attenuation law of the magnetic field amplitude, and z represents the axial distance. Indicates the operating wavelength of electromagnetic waves. Indicates the initial phase.

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