Full duplex transceiver with impedance sensing

Abstract

A method of controlling a full duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication device includes transmitting a transmit signal from a power amplifier of a transmit circuit of the full duplex transceiver to an antenna of the full duplex transceiver via a duplexer of the full duplex transceiver; receiving, by a receive circuit of the full duplex transceiver, a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and providing at least one control signal within the full duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

Description

Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 469,972, entitled “FULL DUPLEX TRANSCEIVER WITH IMPEDANCE SENSING,” filed September 19, 2023, assigned to the assignee of the present application, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless communication devices have become ubiquitous and increasingly sophisticated. For example, mobile telecommunication devices have evolved from simple telephones to smartphones with multiple communication capabilities (e.g., multiple cellular communication protocols, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® Low Energy, and other short-range communication protocols), supercomputing processors, cameras, and so on. Wireless communication devices have antennas that support various functionalities such as communicating over a range of frequencies, receiving global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals (also known as satellite positioning system (SPS) signals), and so on. ® And other short-range communication protocols). Wireless communication devices have antennas that support various functionalities such as communicating over a range of frequencies, receiving global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals (also known as satellite positioning system (SPS) signals), and so on.

[0003] When several antennas are provided in a single wireless communication device, the available volume for the antennas is very precious. For example, a smartphone can have many antennas (e.g., eight antennas, 10 antennas, or more) with very limited volume due to the device size expected by consumers. As a result, antenna assemblies (e.g., modules) can be limited to very small volumes, e.g., 4 mm or less in width.

[0004] Despite the volume limitations for antennas, the desired functionality of antennas continues to increase. With the advent of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication technology, mmW (millimeter wave) phased array antennas have received widespread attention, which addresses the propagation loss and aperture blockage obstacles by introducing higher antenna gain and beamforming features. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are one of the key enablers of 5G technology, which improves spectral efficiency and system capacity by effectively streaming transmit / receive data with two orthogonal polarized signals (cross-polarized signals) in the desired direction. The trend in consumer electronics is to develop RF (radio frequency) assemblies (radio frequency assemblies) with small form factors that can be easily accommodated within the limited space of emerging smart devices including mobile phones and tablet computers. The physical requirements of antennas make it difficult to maintain or improve performance (e.g., in terms of coverage, latency, and quality of service over the desired coverage area).

[0005] Duplexers can be used to enable concurrent transmission and reception of wireless signals. For example, a balanced duplexer can be used, where performance of the duplexer depends on matching between antenna impedance and balanced port impedance. A tracking loop can be used to provide a correction signal to the balanced network based on transmit leakage to attempt to restore hybrid transformer balance. SUMMARY

[0006] An example mobile wireless communication device includes an antenna; a duplexer communicatively coupled to the antenna, a transmit circuit, and a receive circuit; the transmit circuit communicatively coupled to the antenna via the duplexer, the transmit circuit including a power amplifier and configured to provide a transmit signal for transmission by the antenna; the receive circuit communicatively coupled to the antenna via the duplexer, the receive circuit configured to process a receive signal received by the antenna; a plurality of sensors communicatively coupled to the antenna and the power amplifier and configured to obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and a controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to provide at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0007] An example method of controlling a full-duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication device includes transmitting, via a duplexer of the full-duplex transceiver, a transmit signal from a power amplifier of a transmit circuit of the full-duplex transceiver to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver; receiving, by a receive circuit of the full-duplex transceiver, a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and providing, within the full-duplex transceiver, at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0008] An example full-duplex transceiver includes means for transmitting, via a power amplifier and a duplexer, a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver; means for receiving, via the antenna and the duplexer, a receive signal; means for obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and means for providing, within the full-duplex transceiver, at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0009] An example non-transitory processor-readable storage medium includes processor-readable instructions to cause at least one processor of a full-duplex transceiver to: transmit, via a power amplifier and a duplexer, a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver; receive, via the antenna and the duplexer, a receive signal; obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and provide, within the full-duplex transceiver, at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system.

[0011] Figure 2 is a block diagram of components of a full-duplex transceiver.

[0012] Figure 3 is a block diagram of a mobile wireless communication system including a full-duplex transceiver.

[0013] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of an example of a full-duplex transceiver shown.

[0014] Figure 5 is Figure 4 is a diagram of circuit components of a full-duplex transceiver shown for training a machine learning model.

[0015] Figure 6 is a table of training data produced using Figure 5

[0016] Figure 7 is Figure 4 is a table of a trained machine learning model shown.

[0017] Figure 8 is Figure 4 is representative circuitry of a tuner shown.

[0018] Figure 9 is a flowchart diagram of a method of controlling a full-duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication system.

[0019] Figure 10 is a Smith chart showing a predicted impedance and a target impedance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Techniques for providing a full-duplex transceiver that can adapt to different antenna impedances are discussed herein. For example, a full-duplex transceiver can adapt to changes in antenna impedance due to temperature and / or one or more other environmental conditions, such as the presence of an antenna enclosure, an object in proximity to the antenna, etc. For example, three or more models relating voltages to different antenna impedances can be used to adjust an impedance of a balancing circuit of a duplexer based on current values of the three or more voltages within the full-duplex transceiver. Examples of the techniques discussed herein can include sensing voltages at three points and adjusting a mmW transceiver based on the voltages at those three points and corresponding models. In some examples, an antenna tuner can be adjusted. The three points can be at an output of a power amplifier (PA) (e.g., between a PA output and an antenna), but other voltages can be measured from other locations. In some examples, the transceiver is configured for FDD (frequency domain duplexing) operation. However, other configurations can be used.

[0021] ​The items and / or techniques described herein can provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as other capabilities not mentioned. A duplexer can accommodate dynamic antenna impedances to maintain isolation between transmit and receive circuits, and can accommodate in a typical small form factor of a mobile communication device, can accommodate over a wide bandwidth, and / or can accommodate at millimeter wave frequencies. Changing antenna impedances can be sensed so that changing impedances can be compensated for even in the absence of available tuners in a full duplex transceiver. Impedance adjustments for a balancing circuit of a balanced duplexer can be determined in a power independent manner and / or without using a sense loop to provide current and voltage injected to the antenna and / or without requiring phase alignment of the voltage and current. Desired isolation between transmit and receive circuits can be achieved, and a load presented to a transmit power amplifier can be adjusted to help increase (e.g., optimize within manufacturing constraints) saturated power and efficiency. Other capabilities can be provided, and not every implementation according to the present disclosure has to provide any or even a subset of the capabilities discussed, let alone all of the capabilities. Further, it is also possible that the above-described effects can be achieved by means of an embodiment other than as

[0022] The discussion herein focuses on communication systems, and in particular mmW communication systems. However, the techniques discussed herein can be used for other applications, e.g., other purposes and / or other frequency ranges.

[0023] Reference Figure 1, the communication system 100 includes mobile devices 112, a network 114, a server 116, and access points (APs) 118, 120. The communication system 100 is a wireless communication system because the components of the communication system 100 can communicate with each other using wireless connections, directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more of the network 114 and / or the access points 118, 120 (and / or one or more other devices not shown, such as one or more base transceiver stations)), at least some of the time. For indirect communication, the communication can be changed during transmission from one entity to another, e.g., to change header information of data packets, change format, etc. The mobile devices 112 shown are mobile wireless communication devices (although they can communicate wirelessly as well as via wired connections), including mobile telephones (including smart phones), laptop computers, and tablet computers. Other mobile devices can also be used, whether presently existing or developed in the future. Further, other wireless devices (whether or not mobile devices) can be implemented within the communication system 100, and can communicate with each other and / or with the mobile devices 112, the network 114, the server 116, and / or the APs 118, 120. For example, such other devices can include Internet of Things (IoT) devices, medical devices, home entertainment and / or automation devices, automotive devices, etc. The mobile devices 112 or other devices can be configured to communicate in different networks and / or for different purposes (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi communication, Wi-Fi communication of multiple frequencies, satellite communication and / or positioning, one or more types of cellular communication (e.g., GSM (Global System for Mobiles), CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access), LTE (Long-Term Evolution), etc.), Bluetooth ® Each of the mobile devices 112 can be referred to as user equipment (UE), or can be configured as a customer premises equipment (CPE).

[0024] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise indicated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, automobile, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can (for example, at certain times) be stationary, and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be referred to as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or UT, a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” a “mobile device,” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can communicate with an external network such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, WiFi networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.) and so on. Additionally, two or more UEs can in some deployments communicate directly without communicating with the network.

[0025] It can be desirable to implement FDD (frequency division duplexing) signaling with millimeter wave (mmwave) signals using one or more devices in the system 100. Traditionally, SAW duplexers are used to implement FDD signaling due to the high isolation provided by the SAW duplexers. As the number of frequency bands used for mmwave signaling increases, the RF front-end complexity will increase significantly. Tunable duplexers can be implemented using tunable lumped LC or microstrip filters, which can provide up to 20 dB of transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) isolation. An electrical balance duplexer (EBD) can be used and provides isolation based on electrical balancing between the Tx and Rx paths to cancel the Tx signal at the Rx input. There can be challenges in implementing an EBD for mmwave signaling. For example, the performance of the EBD depends heavily on matching the impedance presented by the antenna and the impedance of the balancing load. As another example, the antenna impedance of a mmwave antenna array can vary for different beam angles and can vary based on the environment of the antenna (e.g., proximity of a phone case, a user (e.g., a user’s hand) to the antenna, etc.). In such dynamic environments, it can be difficult to implement a balancing network that can be tuned to match the antenna impedance in the transmit and receive frequency bands to achieve the desired isolation in both frequency bands. Furthermore, it can be difficult to provide a suitable impedance to a power amplifier (PA) over a wide frequency range to achieve the desired insertion loss.

[0026] Techniques for sensing an impedance presented by an antenna to a power amplifier are discussed herein. The antenna and power amplifier can be included in a full-duplex transceiver. At least three voltages between the power amplifier and the antenna are sensed, and the sensed voltages can be used by a model relating the voltages to one or more corresponding impedances of a balancing circuit for the transceiver. The model can determine the antenna impedance based on the voltages and / or can determine an impedance of the balancing circuit to balance the impedance seen by the power amplifier from the antenna and from the balancing circuit.

[0027] Reference Figure 2 A full-duplex transceiver 200, e.g., of a mobile wireless communication device (e.g., mobile device 112), includes a duplexer 210, receive circuitry 220, transmit circuitry 230, an antenna 240, and a balancing circuit 250. Receive circuitry 220 includes an LNA (low noise amplifier) and has a receive circuitry impedance Z rx . Transmit circuitry 230 includes a PA (power amplifier) and has a transmit circuitry impedance Z tx . Duplexer 210 is an EBD, which has an isolation between transmit circuitry 230 and receive circuitry 220 that depends on a balance between an antenna impedance Z ant provided by antenna 240 and a balancing circuit impedance Z bal provided by balancing circuit 250. Impedances Z ant and Z bal may be functions of frequency, and can vary based on temperature, component aging, environment, etc. A reflection coefficient Γ ant (ω) from transmit circuitry 230 toward antenna 240 and a reflection coefficient Γ bal (ω) toward balancing circuit 250 can be given by (1) (2) where Γ r is a separation ratio of PA power between antenna 240 and balancing circuit 250, and Γ R 0 is a line resistance, e.g., 50 ohms. High isolation between transmit circuitry 230 and receive circuitry 220 can be achieved when Γ ant (ω) = Γ bal (ω). Even a small deviation from Γ ant (ω) = Γ bal (ω) can significantly affect the isolation. For example, a 2% mismatch between Z ant and Z bal may result in about 15 dB reduction in isolation relative to equal impedances, and a 1% mismatch between Z ant and Z balAn 8% mismatch between the two can result in about 24 dB of isolation reduction. Because Γ ant (ω) and Γ bal (ω) are frequency and environment (e.g., temperature, nearby objects) dependent, achieving high isolation over a wide bandwidth and / or in different environments is challenging. For example, the housing of the device 200 or a case in which it is placed can affect the antenna impedance Z ant , which can affect the return loss seen by the transmit circuit 230. Because unbalanced impedance can significantly affect isolation, and thus device performance, accurate sensing of the antenna impedance Z ant may help control the balanced circuit impedance Z bal to achieve impedance balancing, and thus high isolation between the transmit circuit 230 and the receive circuit 220. Accurate sensing of the antenna impedance Z ant may also be used for other functions.

[0028] Referring also to Figure 3 , a mobile wireless communication device 300 (e.g., device 112) includes a full-duplex transceiver 305 that includes a duplexer 310, a receive circuit 320, a transmit circuit 330, an antenna 340, a controller 360, sensors 371, 372, 373, and optionally a balanced circuit 350. The receive circuit 320 (possibly combined with a processor (e.g., of the controller 360)) is configured to receive signals and process (e.g., decode) the received signals. The transmit circuit 330 (possibly combined with a processor (e.g., of the controller 360)) is configured to generate transmit signals and provide the transmit signals to the antenna 440 for wireless transmission. Other components (not shown) that facilitate reception, transmission, and / or processing of signals can be included in the device 300. For example, phase shifters, one or more stages of mixers, filters, baseband and digital processing circuitry, modems, etc. Figure 3 One or more of the elements illustrated in FIG. 1 1 can be implemented in combination with elements not shown. For example, the controller 360 or a portion thereof (e.g., the processor 362) can be implemented in a modem or a processor associated with a modem. In some examples, all of the elements illustrated in the transceiver 305 are included in a module with multiple components packaged together. In other examples, the controller 360 is omitted from the module. In some examples, all of the elements illustrated in the transceiver 305 except for the antenna 340 are included in an integrated circuit, e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) coupled to the transceiver chip by one or more interconnects. In other examples, the controller 360 is also omitted from the integrated circuit. A tuner (not shown) can also be included in the integrated circuit and / or module. Figure 4

[0029] ​Receive circuitry 320 is communicatively coupled to antenna 340 via duplexer 310. Transmit circuitry is communicatively coupled to antenna 340 via duplexer 310. Duplexer 310 is configured to transfer signals from transmit circuitry 330 to antenna 340 and to transfer signals from antenna 340 to receive circuitry 320 while providing isolation between receive circuitry 320 and transmit circuitry 330. Antenna 340 is configured to transduce a guided transmit signal (e.g., an electrical or optical signal) into a wireless transmit signal 341 and to transduce a wireless receive signal 342 into a guided receive signal. Sensors 371-373 are communicatively coupled to controller 360 and are configured to measure respective voltages between duplexer 310 and antenna 340. Controller 360 is configured to generate one or more control signals 368 based on the voltages sensed by sensors 371-373. For example, balancing circuitry 350 can include a variable impedance 352 to provide a variable balancing circuitry impedance, and control signals 368 can be provided by controller 360 to balancing circuitry 350 to control the impedance of variable impedance 352. The impedance of variable impedance 352 can be selected, for example, to attempt to match the impedance of antenna 340 as seen by transmit circuitry 330 (e.g., by a power amplifier of transmit circuitry 330). While three sensors 371-373 are shown in device 300, a different number of sensors can be used, for example, more than three sensors.

[0030] Controller 360 may include processor 362 and memory 364 (which may store software 366). Processor 362 may include one or more hardware devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Processor 362 may include multiple processors, including general-purpose / application processors and / or digital signal processors (DSPs), and may include one or more dedicated processors, such as sensor processors and / or modem processors. One or more of such processors may include multiple devices (e.g., multiple processors). For example, sensor processors may include, for example, one or more voltage processors and / or one or more processors for RF (radio frequency) signal measurement and / or decoding. Modem processors may support dual SIM / dual connectivity (or even more SIMs). Memory 364 may be a non-transitory storage medium, including random access memory (RAM), flash memory, disk storage, and / or read-only memory (ROM), etc. Memory 364 may store software 366, which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions that can be configured to cause processor 362 to perform the various functions described herein when executed. Alternatively, software 366 may not be directly executable by processor 362, but may be configured to cause processor 362 to perform these functions, for example, when compiled and executed. The description herein may refer to processor 362 performing functions, but this includes other specific implementations, such as specific implementations of processor 362 performing software and / or firmware. In addition to and / or in place of memory 364, processor 362 may include memory containing stored instructions. The functionality of processor 362 is discussed more fully below.

[0031] Also refer to Figure 4 A full-duplex transceiver 400 (e.g., a full-duplex transceiver for wireless communication equipment) can provide... Figure 3 The transceiver 305 shown is an example. Transceiver 400 includes a duplexer 410, receiving circuitry including an LNA 420, transmitting circuitry including a power amplifier 422, a balun 430, a bias source 432, a coupler 434, a power detector 436, an antenna 440, a balancing circuit 450, a trained model 460, voltage sensors 471, 472, and 473, and a tuner 480. Transceiver 400 is an example, and other transceiver configurations can be used. For example, a transceiver may include more sensors than the three voltage sensors 471-473 shown. Additionally or alternatively, a balancing circuit configuration different from that of balancing circuitry 450 may be used. Additionally or alternatively, a tuner configuration different from that of tuner 480 may be used. As another example, the transceiver may not include a tuner for the antenna. For example, tuner 480 may be omitted from a full-duplex transceiver.

[0032] Duplexer 410 is an EBD and is communicatively coupled to LNA 420, PA 422, antenna 440 (via balun 430 and coupler 434, among other things), and balun circuit 450. Duplexer 410 includes split coils 411, 412, each fed by a respective polarity of PA 422, e.g., center-tapped by respective connections to positive and negative lines from PA 422. LNA 420 is coupled to duplexer 410 to receive signals received from antenna 440. In other examples, one or both of LNA 420 and PA 422 are configured to be coupled to duplexer 410 via single-ended connections. For example, an input of LNA 420 can be coupled to duplexer 410 by a single connection, and / or an output of PA 422 can be coupled to duplexer 410 by a single connection.

[0033] Balun 430 is configured to convert a balanced transmit line from duplexer 410 to an unbalanced transmit line to antenna 440. Bias source 432 provides a bias voltage to one side (one coil) of balun 430.

[0034] Coupler 434 is configured to divert some energy received by coupler 434 (from PA 422 or from antenna 440) and provide the diverted energy to power detector 436. Power detector 436 is configured to determine a power of a signal received by coupler 434 and provide an indication of the determined power. Power detector 436 can use, for example, values of voltages VI, V2 (discussed further herein) on opposite ends of coupler 434 to determine a power and operating state of PA 422. In some examples, duplexer 410 is configured to be directly coupled to coupler 434 via a single-ended connection, and balun 430 (and bias source 432) are omitted.

[0035] Coupler 434 is communicatively coupled to antenna 440, e.g., via tuner 480 in the illustrated configuration, and in particular via bump 441 (e.g., a solder ball or pad). Antenna 440 can be formed on PCB 443 (printed circuit board) and coupled to bump 441 by way of transmission line 442 (e.g., formed by a series of vias) and transmission line 444 through layers of PCB 443. Transmission line 444 can also be connected to another bump 446 by way of another transmission line 445 (e.g., formed by a series of vias). Bumps 441, 446 and transmission lines 442, 444, 445 can form portions of tuner 480, with the tuner communicatively coupled to antenna 440 and trained model 460, e.g., controller 360. In some examples, bump 446 is connected to a transceiver chain configured to operate with signals different from the signal frequencies in transceiver 400. For example, transceiver 400 can be configured to operate in a low mmw band, and the transceiver coupled to bump 446 can be configured to operate in a high mmw band. The low and high bands can be, for example, FR2-1 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz) and FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), respectively, or 24 GHz - 30 GHz and 37 GHz - 44 (or 48) GHz. In some such examples, bumps 441, 446 are coupled to the same antenna stack, but to different physical conductors in antenna 440. In other examples, bump 446 is not connected to another transceiver chain.

[0036] Tuner 480 can cause bumps 441, 446 to be coupled to ground via respective reactive components. For example, as shown, bump 446 can be connected to ground via inductor 481 and via capacitor 483. In this example, inductor 481 is a variable inductance inductor, and capacitor 483 is a variable capacitance capacitor (varactor diode). However, other configurations can be used, e.g., inductor 481 is a fixed inductance inductor. Also as shown, bump 441 can be connected to ground via inductor 482 and via capacitor 484. In this example, inductor 482 is a variable inductance inductor, and capacitor 484 is a variable capacitance capacitor (varactor diode). However, other configurations can be used, e.g., inductor 482 is a fixed inductance inductor. The variable reactance of tuner 480 (e.g., the variable reactance of the tuner of one or more of inductors 481, 482 and / or the variable reactance of the tuner of one or more of capacitors 483, 484) can be controlled by trained model 460 (e.g., a trained model implemented by controller 360 as discussed further herein). The components to the left of sensor 471 (as shown) (here, antenna 440, tuner 480, transmission line 444, transmission lines 442, 445, and bumps 441, 446) provide an antenna impedance Z Figure 4 as shown) (here, antenna 440, tuner 480, transmission line 444, transmission lines 442, 445, and bumps 441, 446) provide an antenna impedance Zant The antenna impedance is related to and corresponds to the impedance presented to the PA 422 by the components between the PA 422 and the antenna 440.

[0037] The balancing circuit 450 is configured to provide a variable balancing impedance Z bal and in this example includes a chain of LC circuits 451, 452, 453 and a resistor 454. Each of the LC circuits 451-453 includes a pair of inductors 456, 457 and a variable capacitor 458 connected between the inductors 456, 457, and the LC circuits 451-453 are connected in parallel with each other as shown. The end LC circuit (here LC circuit 453) is connected in parallel with the resistor 454. Other configurations of the balancing circuit 450 can be used, e.g., a different number of LC circuits, and / or different LC circuit configurations, and / or different LC circuits with different configurations in the same balancing circuit, one or more LC circuits with fixed capacitance capacitors instead of variable capacitance capacitors, etc. The balancing impedance Z bal may be controlled by the trained model 460, e.g., by selecting values of one or more of the variable capacitors to produce a desired value of the balancing impedance Z bal , e.g., as discussed further herein.

[0038] Voltage sensors 471-473 are configured to sense voltages at respective locations of the circuit between PA 422 and antenna 440. Here, for example, sensor 471 is connected to measure voltage VI between the coupler and bump 441 (and thus between coupler 434 and the connection to PCB 443, which can include antenna 440). In this example, sensor 472 is connected to measure voltage V2 between balun 430 and antenna 440, here between balun 430 and coupler 434. In this example, sensor 473 is connected to measure voltage V3 between duplexer 410 (and thus PA 422) and balun 430. Sensors 471-473 are configured to measure the respective voltages, and are configured and communicatively coupled to trained model 460 (e.g., controller 360) to provide indications of the measured voltages to trained model 460. The indications of the measured voltages can be magnitudes of the measured voltages without phase information. In some examples, in addition to or instead of the sensed voltages from one of sensors 471-473, trained model 460 can use information from PDET 436. For example, one or more of sensors 471-473 (e.g., sensor 472 or 473 when balun 430 is omitted) can be omitted, and PDET 436 is used instead. In other examples, one or more of sensors 471-473 is replaced by a respective PDET.

[0039] Also with reference to Figures 5 to 7 Trained model 460 can be trained and configured to communicate one or more control signals 461, 462, 463, 464 to tuner 480 to adjust tuner 480, and thus antenna impedance Z antFor example, control signals 461-464 can be configured to attempt to provide an optimal load to PA 422 such that the impedance seen by PA 422 toward antenna 440 matches the impedance of PA 422. For example, during the manufacture or design of transceiver 400, a variable load 510 can be connected to coupler 434. The impedance of the variable load 510 can be varied, and voltages V1, V2, V3 are sensed for different impedance values ​​of the variable load 510. This generates a table 600 of training data, which includes voltage values ​​610 (here, voltage values ​​611, 612, 613) and variable load impedance values ​​620 (e.g., the real impedance component value 621 and the corresponding virtual impedance component value 622 of the variable load 510). The voltage values ​​610 and impedance values ​​620 can be used to train a machine learning model, resulting in a trained model 460. It has been found that the trained model 460 trained in this manner predicts both inductive and capacitive impedances well. The trained model 460 can include, for example, a random forest regressor model. Table 700 represents an instance of the trained model 460, where voltage values ​​710 (e.g., a set of voltage values ​​711, 712, 713) correspond to one or more tuner adjustment settings 720, such as one or more impedance settings, such as reactance settings, such as inductance settings 721, 722 corresponding to inductors 481, 482 and capacitance settings corresponding to capacitors 483, 484. Table 700 represents the trained model 460. Tables may be generated and / or stored, or they may not be generated and / or stored.

[0040] Alternatively, the trained model 460 can be trained and configured to transmit one or more control signals 465, 466, 467 to the balancing circuit 450 to adjust the balancing circuit 450 based on the measured voltage, thereby adjusting the balancing impedance Z. bal For example, thus attempting to match the balanced impedance Z bal and antenna impedance Z ant For example, table 700 may include one or more balanced impedance settings corresponding to a corresponding set of voltage values ​​710. Here, for example, the set of voltage values ​​710 may correspond to one or more balanced circuit settings 730, such as one or more impedance settings, like reactance settings, such as capacitance settings 731, 732, 733 here for capacitors 458 corresponding to the corresponding LC circuits 451-453. The trained model 460 can know the antenna impedance Z. ant Or the antenna impedance Z may be unknown. ant Furthermore, the balancing impedance Z corresponding to the balancing circuit setting 730 can be determined. bal Or the balancing impedance Z may be unknown. bal .

[0041] The trained model 460 can account for aging of components of the transceiver 400 and / or can account for one or more environmental conditions. For example, the trained model 460 can have different voltage values (and corresponding tuner settings and / or balance circuit settings) for different parameters (e.g., different ages of the transceiver and / or one or more environmental condition values (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc.)). For example, different tables (e.g., like table 700) can correspond to different values of one or more parameters, or a table (like table 700) can include one or more parameter values that correspond to different sets of voltage values. These tables and / or values therein can be generated a priori, or can evolve over time, e.g., according to machine learning operations while using the device in different scenarios.

[0042] The controller 360 implementing the trained model 460 can adjust the individual balance impedances Z bal (e.g., if the antenna tuner is not included in the transceiver), or adjust the balance impedances Z bal and the antenna impedance Z ant both. For example, the controller 360 can concurrently adjust the balance impedances Z bal and the antenna impedance Z ant . As another example, the controller 360 can adjust the antenna impedance Z ant , then receive new voltage values from the sensors 471-473, then use the new voltage values to adjust the balance impedances Z bal (and possibly further adjust the antenna impedance Z ant by adjusting the reactance values of one or more components of the tuner 480). The controller 360 can not explicitly determine the antenna impedance Z ant or the balance impedances Z bal , or know the impedance of the tuner 480. The controller 360 can implicitly set the tuner impedance and the balance impedances Z bal by selecting appropriate tuner settings 720 (if a tuner is used) and appropriate balance circuit settings 730. For example, if the antenna impedance Z ant has a value of 17 - j 19, but a desired value of 8 + j 7, the controller 360 can not know either of these values, but can select the tuner settings 720 (and control the tuner 480 accordingly) based on the voltage values 710 to attempt to adjust the antenna impedance Z ant to the value 17 - j 19, and select the balance circuit settings 730 (and control the balance circuit 450 accordingly) to attempt to follow the antenna impedance Z ant .

[0043] The same trained model 460 can be used for the transmit chain (e.g., for different antennas and / or different antenna elements (e.g., for a phased array)). While the impedances of different antennas or antenna elements can be different, the same trained model 460 can be used so long as the trained model 460 can provide tuning and / or balun adjustments corresponding to the different impedances. In other examples, separate trained models are used for each of multiple transmit and / or receive chains (e.g., in a phased array) when conditions at the different antennas or chains require different tuning and / or balun adjustments.

[0044] Referring also to Figure 8 The tuner 480 can be modeled as a pi circuit 800. The transmission lines 442, 444, 445 can provide a high Q inductance represented by the inductor 810. The parasitic capacitance of the bumps 441, 446 can be absorbed by the inductance of the inductors 481, 482 and thus not shown, leaving the variable capacitors 483, 484. Without the inductors 481, 482, the parasitic capacitance can dominate the capacitance of the variable capacitors 483, 484, such that the variable capacitors 483, 484 can not be able to effectively vary the antenna impedance Z ant such that the desired impedance (e.g., an impedance that matches the impedance of the power amplifier 422) can not be provided to the PA 422. The inductor 482 can be merged with the three coils of the PA 422, which can help maintain a small form factor of the transceiver 400 and not change the current distribution of the antenna 440, cause no pattern squint, and not increase cross polarization. The value of the inductor 810 can vary with different lengths of the transmission line 444 for different antennas for a device (e.g., a wireless communication device). For example, the transmission lines 444 for the connection bumps 441, 446 for different antennas can have different lengths and different corresponding inductance values depending on the antenna layout on the PCB.

[0045] It has been found through computer simulation that the use of the tuner 480 can significantly improve transceiver performance. For example, a simulation of a transceiver including the tuner 480 has a return loss that is lower, between 8 dB and 18.4 dB, than a similar transceiver without the tuner 480. The simulation indicates that the use of the tuner 480 can even improve the insertion loss at certain frequencies. Moreover, a full duplex transceiver using the antenna tuner achieves better output power compared to a transceiver without the use of an antenna tuner.

[0046] Referring to Figure 9 and further referring to Figures 1 to 8The method 900 of controlling a full-duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication device includes the stages shown. The method 900 is, however, an example and not limiting. The method 900 can be altered, e.g., by having stages added, removed, rearranged, combined, performed concurrently, and / or by having one or more stages split into multiple stages.

[0047] At stage 910, the method 900 includes transmitting, via a duplexer of the full-duplex transceiver, a transmit signal from a power amplifier of a transmit circuit of the full-duplex transceiver to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver. For example, the transmit circuit 330 (which can include a processor and memory, such as a portion of the processor 362 and a portion of the memory 364) transmits the signal to the antenna 340 via the PA of the transmit circuit and via the duplexer 310. The antenna 340 can transmit the signal as the transmit signal 341. The transmit circuit 330 (which can include a processor and / or memory, e.g., a portion of the processor 362 and / or a portion of the memory 364) can include means for transmitting the transmit signal. As another example, the transmit circuit can transmit the signal to the antenna 440 via the PA 422, the duplexer 410, the balun 430, the coupler 434, and the transmit lines 442, 444, and the transmit circuit, the balun 430, the coupler 434, and the transmit lines 442, 444 can include means for transmitting the transmit signal.

[0048] At stage 920, the method 900 includes receiving, by a receive circuit of the full-duplex transceiver, a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer. For example, the receive signal 342 can be received by the receive circuit 320 (which can include a processor and memory, such as a portion of the processor 362 and a portion of the memory 364) via the antenna 340 and the duplexer 310. The receive circuit 320 (which can include a processor and / or memory, e.g., a portion of the processor 362 and / or a portion of the memory 364) can include means for receiving the receive signal. As another example, the receive circuit can receive the signal via the antenna 440, the transmit lines 442, 444, the coupler 434, the balun 430, and the duplexer 410, and the transmit lines 442, 444, the coupler 434, the balun 430, and the receive circuit (e.g., the LNA 420 and possibly a portion of the processor 362 and / or a portion of the memory 364) can include means for receiving the receive signal.

[0049] At stage 930, the method 900 includes obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna. For example, the sensors 371-373 can measure voltages at respective points in the transceiver 305, e.g., at respective points in circuitry connecting the transmit circuitry 330 to the antenna 340. The sensors 371-373 can provide indications of the voltage measurements to the controller 360. The sensors 371-373 (possibly in combination with the controller 360 (e.g., the processor 362 and the memory 364)) can include means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements. As another example, the sensors 471-473 (and / or the PDET 436) (possibly in combination with the trained model 460 (e.g., implemented by the processor 362 and the memory 364)) can include means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements.

[0050] At stage 940, the method 900 includes providing at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements. For example, the controller 360 can provide the control signal 366 to the balancing circuitry 350 (e.g., according to one or more of the balancing circuitry settings 730 corresponding to the set of voltage values 710 corresponding to the voltage measurements) to set the impedance of the variable impedance 352. The controller 360 (e.g., the processor 362 in combination with the memory 364) can include means for providing the at least one control signal. As another example, the trained model 460 can provide the control signals 461-464 to the tuner 480 (e.g., according to one or more of the tuner settings 720 corresponding to the set of voltage values 710 corresponding to the voltage measurements) to set the impedance of the tuner 480, and / or can provide the control signals 465-467 to the balancing circuitry 450 to set the impedance of the balancing circuitry 450. The trained model 460 (e.g., the processor 362 in combination with the memory 364) can include means for providing the at least one control signal. Control signals can additionally or alternatively be provided for other elements, e.g., to adjust values of one or more capacitances (not shown) across respective coil connections in the duplexer 410.

[0051] Implementations of the method 900 can include one or more of the following features. In example implementations, providing the at least one control signal includes providing a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance. For example, the trained model 460 can provide one or more of the control signals 465-467 to the balun circuit 450 to set one or more capacitance values of one or more corresponding variable capacitors of one or more of the LC circuits 451-453 to set an impedance of the balun circuit 450. In another example implementation, the balun circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented by at least the balun circuit to the power amplifier to a first impedance presented by at least the antenna to the power amplifier. For example, the trained model 460 can send one or more of the control signals 465-467 to attempt to match the balun impedance Z bal to the antenna impedance Z ant .

[0052] Additionally or alternatively, implementations of the method 900 can include one or more of the following features. In example implementations, providing the at least one control signal includes providing a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier. For example, the trained model 460 can provide one or more of the control signals 461-464 to the tuner 480 to set one or more reactance values of one or more of the inductors 481, 482 and / or one or more of the capacitors 483, 484 to set an impedance of the tuner 480 to attempt to provide an optimal load to the PA 422. In another example implementation, obtaining the at least three voltage measurements includes obtaining a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier of the full-duplex transceiver and the balun. For example, the sensor 473 can be set to measure a voltage at a point between the duplexer 410 and the balun 430. In another example implementation, obtaining the at least three voltage measurements includes obtaining a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun and the antenna. For example, the sensor 471 and / or the sensor 472 can be set to measure respective voltages at respective points between the balun 430 and the antenna 440, here respective points between the coupler 434 and the antenna 440 or between the balun 430 and the coupler 434, respectively.

[0053] Additionally or alternatively, implementations of the method 900 can include one or more of the following features. In example implementations, the method 900 includes determining, using a machine learning model, an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by a circuit between an output of the power amplifier to the antenna (and including the antenna). For example, the trained model 460 can determine the antenna impedance Z ant The controller 360 (e.g., the processor 362 and the memory 364) can include means for determining the output impedance using a machine learning model.

[0054] At least three voltage measurements from a transceiver (e.g., transmit) chain, such as voltage measurements from respective points between a power amplifier and an antenna and / or impedances determined therefrom, can be used for functions other than those described above. For example, such measurements and / or impedances can be used to determine when one or more antennas are blocked or how a user is holding a mobile wireless communication device. Such information can be used to determine which antennas to use for transmission and / or which antennas to use for reception, for example, for communication efficiency or to comply with exposure requirements, and / or can be used to adjust a transmission power level (e.g., to comply with exposure requirements). Such information can also be used to determine an input gesture or an environmental context, etc. In such examples, the mobile communication device can not be full duplex.

[0055] Simulation results.

[0056] Referring to Figure 10 , further referring to Figure 4 The trained model 460 has been shown to predict both inductive and capacitive impedances well. As shown, the predicted impedance 1010 determined by the model 460 is close to the respective target impedance 1020.

[0057] Detailed examples.

[0058] Example implementations are provided in the following numbered clauses.

[0059] Clause 1. A mobile wireless communication device, the mobile wireless communication device comprising: an antenna; a duplexer communicatively coupled to the antenna; a transmit circuit communicatively coupled to the antenna via the duplexer, the transmit circuit including a power amplifier and configured to provide a transmit signal for transmission by the antenna; a receive circuit communicatively coupled to the duplexer via the antenna, the receive circuit configured to process a receive signal received by the antenna; a plurality of sensors communicatively coupled to the antenna and the power amplifier and configured to obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and a controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to provide at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0060] Clause 2. The mobile wireless communication device of Clause 1, further comprising a balancing circuit communicatively coupled to the duplexer and the controller, the balancing circuit configured to provide a variable balancing circuit impedance, and wherein to provide the at least one control signal, the controller is configured to provide a balancing circuit impedance control signal to the balancing circuit to control a value of the variable balancing circuit impedance.

[0061] Clause 3. The mobile wireless communication device of Clause 2, wherein the balancing circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balancing circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented by at least the balancing circuit to the power amplifier with a first impedance presented by at least the antenna to the power amplifier.

[0062] Clause 4. The mobile wireless communication device of any of Clauses 1-3, further comprising a tuner circuit communicatively coupled to the antenna and the controller and having a variable tuner impedance, and wherein to provide the at least one control signal, the controller is configured to provide a tuner control signal to the tuner circuit to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to the power amplifier with a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

[0063] Clause 5. The mobile wireless communication device of any of Clauses 1-4, further comprising a balun communicatively coupled to the antenna and the duplexer between the antenna and the duplexer, wherein a first sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to obtain a first voltage measurement of the at least three voltage measurements from a first point between the power amplifier and the balun.

[0064] Clause 6. The mobile wireless communication device of clause 5, wherein a second sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to obtain a second voltage measurement of the at least three voltage measurements from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

[0065] Clause 7. The mobile wireless communication device of any of clauses 1-6, wherein the controller is configured to implement a machine learning model to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by electrical circuitry between the output of the power amplifier and the antenna.

[0066] Clause 8. A method of controlling a full-duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication device, the method comprising: transmitting a transmit signal from a power amplifier of a transmit circuit of the full-duplex transceiver to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a duplexer of the full-duplex transceiver; receiving a receive signal by a receive circuit of the full-duplex transceiver via the antenna and the duplexer; obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and providing at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0067] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein providing the at least one control signal comprises providing a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

[0068] Clause 10. The method of clause 9, wherein the balun circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the balun circuit to a first impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna.

[0069] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 8-10, wherein providing the at least one control signal comprises providing a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

[0070] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 8-11, wherein obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises obtaining a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier and a balun of the full-duplex transceiver.

[0071] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises obtaining a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

[0072] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 8-13, further comprising using a machine learning model to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna.

[0073] Clause 15. A full-duplex transceiver, the full-duplex transceiver comprising: means for transmitting a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a power amplifier and a duplexer; means for receiving a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; means for obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and means for providing at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0074] Clause 16. The full-duplex transceiver of clause 15, wherein the means for providing the at least one control signal comprises means for providing a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

[0075] Clause 17. The full-duplex transceiver of clause 16, wherein the balun circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the balun circuit to a first impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna.

[0076] Clause 18. The full-duplex transceiver of any of clauses 15-17, wherein the means for providing the at least one control signal comprises means for providing a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

[0077] Clause 19. The full-duplex transceiver of any of clauses 15-18, wherein the means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises means for obtaining a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier and a balun of the full-duplex transceiver.

[0078] Clause 20. The full-duplex transceiver of clause 19, wherein the means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises means for obtaining a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

[0079] Clause 21. The full-duplex transceiver of any of clauses 15-20, further comprising means for determining, using a machine learning model, an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna.

[0080] Clause 22. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions for causing at least one processor of a full-duplex transceiver to: transmit a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a power amplifier and a duplexer; receive a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and provide at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

[0081] Clause 23. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of clause 22, wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the at least one processor to provide the at least one control signal comprise processor-readable instructions for causing the at least one processor to provide a balun impedance control signal to a balun of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

[0082] Clause 24. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of clause 23, wherein the balun impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the balun to a first impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna.

[0083] Clause 25. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of any of clauses 22-24, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to provide the at least one control signal comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to provide a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

[0084] Clause 26. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of any of clauses 22-25, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain the at least three voltage measurements comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier and a balun of the full-duplex transceiver.

[0085] Clause 27. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of clause 26, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain the at least three voltage measurements comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

[0086] Clause 28. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of any of clauses 22-27, further comprising processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna using a machine learning model.

[0087] Other considerations.

[0088] Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software and computers, many of the elements that are described above can be implemented using software executing on a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions can also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0089] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a device (e.g., "a device," "the device") includes one or more of such devices (e.g., "a processor" includes one or more processors, "the processor" includes one or more processors, "a memory" includes one or more memories, "the memory" includes one or more memories, and so on). As used herein, the term "includes" means the inclusion of the recited features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but not the exclusion of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0090] Furthermore, as used herein, the "or" (possibly followed by "at least one of" or "one or more of") used in the item enumeration indicates a disjunctive enumeration such that an enumeration of, for example, "at least one of A, B, or C," or an enumeration of "one or more of A, B, or C," or an enumeration of "A or B or C" represents A or B or C or AB (A and B) or AC (A and C) or BC (B and C) or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), or a combination having more than one feature (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc.). Therefore, a statement that an item (e.g., a processor) is configured to perform a function relating to at least one of A or B, or a statement that an item is configured to perform function A or function B, indicates that the item can be configured to perform a function relating to A, or can be configured to perform a function relating to B, or can be configured to perform a function relating to both A and B. For example, the phrase "a processor configured to measure at least one of A or B" or "a processor configured to measure A or measure B" means that the processor can be configured to measure A (and may or may not be configured to measure B), or can be configured to measure B (and may or may not be configured to measure A), or can be configured to measure both A and B (and can be configured to select which of A and B or measure both). Similarly, a description of a component for measuring at least one of A or B includes: a component for measuring A (which may or may not be able to measure B), or a component for measuring B (which may or may not be configured to measure A), or a component for measuring A and B (which may be able to select which of A and B or measure both). As another example, a description of an item (e.g., a processor) being configured to perform at least one of function X or function Y means that the item can be configured to perform function X, or can be configured to perform function Y, or can be configured to perform both functions X and Y. For example, the phrase "processor configured to measure at least one of X or Y" means that the processor can be configured to measure X (and may or may not be configured to measure Y), or can be configured to measure Y (and may or may not be configured to measure X), or can be configured to measure both X and Y (and can be configured to select which of X and Y or measure both).

[0091] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, a description of a function or operation as “based on” an item or condition means that the function or operation is based on the described item or condition and may be based on one or more items and / or conditions other than the described item or condition.

[0092] Substantial changes can be made depending on specific requirements. For example, custom hardware may be used, and / or specific elements may be implemented in the hardware, in software executed by the processor (including portable software such as applets), or both. Furthermore, connections to other computing devices, such as network input / output devices, may be employed. Unless otherwise specified, components shown in the figures and / or discussed herein that are connected or communicate with each other (functionally or otherwise) are communicatively coupled. That is, these components may be connected directly or indirectly to enable communication between them.

[0093] The systems and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may appropriately omit, substitute, or add various processes or components. For example, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of a configuration may be combined in a similar manner. Furthermore, technology is constantly evolving, and therefore many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of this disclosure or the claims.

[0094] A wireless communication system is a system in which communication is transmitted wirelessly between wireless communication devices, that is, through the propagation of electromagnetic waves and / or sound waves through the atmosphere rather than through wires or other physical connections. A wireless communication system (also called a wireless communication system or wireless communication network) may not transmit all communication wirelessly, but is configured to allow at least some communication to be transmitted wirelessly. Furthermore, the term "wireless communication device" or similar terms do not require the device to be functionally exclusive or even primarily used for communication, do not require that communication using the wireless communication device be exclusive or even primarily wireless, and do not require that the device be a mobile device, but rather indicate that the device includes wireless communication capabilities (one-way or two-way), for example, including at least one radio component (each radio component being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver) for wireless communication.

[0095] Specific details are provided in this description to offer a thorough understanding of the example configurations, including specific implementations. However, the configurations can be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring these configurations. The description herein provides example configurations and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of the configurations provides a description for implementing the described techniques. Various changes can be made to the function and arrangement of the elements.

[0096] As used herein, the terms “processor-readable medium,” “machine-readable medium,” and “computer-readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing data that enables a machine to operate in a particular manner. Using a computing platform, various processor-readable media may involve providing instructions / code to a processor for execution, and / or may be used to store and / or carry such instructions / code (e.g., as signals). In many specific implementations, processor-readable media are physical and / or tangible storage media. Such media can take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile and volatile media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical discs and / or magnetic disks. Volatile media include, but are not limited to, dynamic memory.

[0097] Having described several example configurations, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents can be used. For example, the above elements can be components of a larger system, where other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of this disclosure. Furthermore, several operations may be performed before, during, or after considering the above elements. Accordingly, the above description does not limit the scope of the claims.

[0098] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "about" and / or "approximately" as used herein when referring to measurable values ​​(such as quantities, durations of time, etc.) cover variations of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1% from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other specific embodiments described herein. Similarly, unless otherwise indicated, the term "substantially" as used herein when referring to measurable values ​​(such as quantities, durations of time, physical properties (such as frequencies), etc.) also covers variations of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1% from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other specific embodiments described herein.

[0099] A statement that a value exceeds (or is greater than or higher than) a first threshold is equivalent to a statement that a value meets or exceeds a second threshold slightly greater than the first threshold. For example, in the resolution of the computing system, the second threshold is one value higher than the first threshold. A statement that a value is less than the first threshold (or within or below the first threshold) is equivalent to a statement that a value is less than or equal to a second threshold slightly lower than the first threshold. For example, in the resolution of the computing system, the second threshold is one value lower than the first threshold.

Claims

1. A mobile wireless communication device comprising: an antenna; a duplexer communicatively coupled to the antenna; transmit circuitry communicatively coupled to the antenna via the duplexer, the transmit circuitry including a power amplifier and configured to provide a transmit signal for transmission by the antenna; receive circuitry communicatively coupled to the antenna via the duplexer, the receive circuitry configured to process a receive signal received by the antenna; a plurality of sensors communicatively coupled to the antenna and the power amplifier and configured to obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and a controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to provide at least one control signal based on the at least three voltage measurements.

2. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 1, further comprising a balancing circuit communicatively coupled to the duplexer and the controller, the balancing circuit configured to provide a variable balancing circuit impedance, and wherein to provide the at least one control signal, the controller is configured to provide a balancing circuit impedance control signal to the balancing circuit to control a value of the variable balancing circuit impedance.

3. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 2, wherein the balancing circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balancing circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented by at least the balancing circuit to the power amplifier with a first impedance presented by at least the antenna to the power amplifier.

4. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 1, further comprising a tuner circuit communicatively coupled to the antenna and the controller and having a variable tuner impedance, and wherein to provide the at least one control signal, the controller is configured to provide a tuner control signal to the tuner circuit to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier to the power amplifier.

5. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 1, further comprising a balun communicatively coupled to the antenna and the duplexer between the antenna and the duplexer, wherein a first sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to obtain a first voltage measurement of the at least three voltage measurements from a first point between the power amplifier and the balun.

6. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 5, wherein a second sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to obtain a second voltage measurement of the at least three voltage measurements from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

7. The mobile wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to implement a machine learning model to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna.

8. A method of controlling a full-duplex transceiver of a mobile wireless communication device, the method comprising: transmitting a transmit signal from a power amplifier of a transmit circuit of the full-duplex transceiver to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a duplexer of the full-duplex transceiver; receiving a receive signal by a receive circuit of the full-duplex transceiver via the antenna and the duplexer; obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and providing at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein providing the at least one control signal comprises providing a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the balun circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the balun circuit to a first impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein providing the at least one control signal comprises providing a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises obtaining a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier of the full-duplex transceiver and a balun-to-unbalun transformer.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises obtaining a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun-to-unbalun transformer and the antenna.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising using a machine learning model to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna.

15. A full-duplex transceiver, the full-duplex transceiver comprising: means for transmitting a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a power amplifier and a duplexer; means for receiving a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; means for obtaining at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and means for providing at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

16. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 15, wherein the means for providing the at least one control signal comprises means for providing a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

17. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 16, wherein the balun circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balun circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented by at least the balun circuit to the power amplifier with a first impedance presented by at least the antenna to the power amplifier.

18. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 15, wherein the means for providing the at least one control signal comprises means for providing a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to the power amplifier with a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

19. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 15, wherein the means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises means for obtaining a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier and a balun-to-unbalanced transformer of the full-duplex transceiver.

20. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 19, wherein the means for obtaining the at least three voltage measurements comprises means for obtaining a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun-to-unbalanced transformer and the antenna.

21. The full-duplex transceiver of claim 15, further comprising means for determining, using a machine learning model, an output impedance presented by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna.

22. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions for causing at least one processor of a full-duplex transceiver to: transmit a transmit signal to an antenna of the full-duplex transceiver via a power amplifier and a duplexer; receive a receive signal via the antenna and the duplexer; obtain at least three voltage measurements from respective points between the power amplifier and the antenna; and provide at least one control signal within the full-duplex transceiver based on the at least three voltage measurements.

23. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the processor-readable instructions for causing the at least one processor to provide the at least one control signal comprise processor-readable instructions for causing the at least one processor to provide a balun circuit impedance control signal to a balun circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable balun circuit impedance to control a value of the variable balun circuit impedance.

24. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the balance circuit impedance control signal is configured to control the value of the variable balance circuit impedance to attempt to match a second impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the balance circuit to a first impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna.

25. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to provide the at least one control signal comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to provide a tuner control signal to a tuner circuit of the full-duplex transceiver and having a variable tuner impedance to set a value of the variable tuner impedance to attempt to match an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by at least the antenna and the tuner circuit to a power amplifier impedance of the power amplifier.

26. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain the at least three voltage measurements comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain a first voltage measurement from a first point between the power amplifier of the full-duplex transceiver and a balun.

27. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain the at least three voltage measurements comprise processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to obtain a second voltage measurement from a second point between the balun and the antenna.

28. The non-transitory processor-readable storage medium of claim 22, further comprising processor-readable instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine an output impedance presented to the power amplifier by an output of the power amplifier to the antenna and including circuitry between the antenna using a machine learning model.

Images