Substrate cultivation intelligent precision irrigation method based on environmental parameter optimization

Abstract

The application discloses a substrate cultivation intelligent precision irrigation method based on environmental parameter optimization. First, based on total irrigation amount, irrigation discharge amount and total weight of crop substrate, a theoretical evapotranspiration amount is calculated; then, based on a Penman correction formula, a reference evapotranspiration amount is calculated, and the reference evapotranspiration amount at different growth stages is calculated by using a crop coefficient; finally, by taking the reference evapotranspiration amount at different growth stages as a control, the theoretical evapotranspiration amount is optimized by using daily average temperature, daily average photosynthetically active radiation and daily average relative humidity, so that a difference function of the reference evapotranspiration amount and the theoretical evapotranspiration amount is obtained; the theoretical evapotranspiration amount is compensated by using the difference of the reference evapotranspiration amount and the theoretical evapotranspiration amount, so that an actual evapotranspiration amount is obtained; when the actual evapotranspiration amount is greater than a substrate allowable water deficit value, irrigation is started, and the irrigation amount is the actual evapotranspiration amount. The method obtains a quantitative relationship among irrigation time, irrigation amount and the actual evapotranspiration amount, realizes intelligent precision irrigation, and solves problems of poor irrigation precision, untimely irrigation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent agriculture technology, specifically relating to an intelligent and precise irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization. Background Technology

[0002] Substrate cultivation, by eliminating the use of soil, greatly avoids soil-borne pests and diseases, and boasts advantages such as low management and production costs, making it a popular method for greenhouse fruit and vegetable cultivation. Because substrate cultivation involves growing away from soil, plants primarily obtain nutrients through irrigation. Irrigating too early or too late, or too heavily or lightly, not only disrupts the plant's growth rhythm but also wastes resources, thus increasing production costs. Appropriate irrigation time and amount ensure that plants receive the nutrients they need for growth in a timely manner while conserving water and fertilizer resources, resulting in high economic and ecological benefits. Currently, existing substrate cultivation methods rely mainly on humidity sensor data to determine irrigation time and amount. Irrigation is initiated when the sensor data falls below a set value until the set value is reached. However, due to uneven moisture distribution within the substrate and the fact that sensors can only collect localized information, the humidity data is inaccurate, severely affecting irrigation precision and leading to inaccurate irrigation time and amount.

[0003] Crop evapotranspiration, a key parameter affecting plant growth and irrigation implementation, is an indispensable indicator in irrigation model research, but it suffers from measurement difficulties and inaccurate results. Plant weight directly reflects the overall crop level and is an important phenotypic indicator for evaluating crop growth. The weight gain of the "plant + substrate" through irrigation within a day, besides being absorbed through photosynthesis, is mostly used for transpiration and substrate storage. Weight is closely related to crop evapotranspiration and substrate moisture content; therefore, weight can be used as a parameter to indirectly characterize crop evapotranspiration, thus solving the problem of difficult crop evapotranspiration measurement. Simultaneously, environmental factors within the facility also significantly influence crop evapotranspiration and substrate moisture content. Optimizing environmental parameters can improve the simulation accuracy of crop evapotranspiration, thereby improving the precision of irrigation methods.

[0004] Patent application number 202510566986.7 discloses a method for intelligent integrated water and fertilizer precision irrigation control. This method includes five steps: establishing a multimodal data acquisition network; inputting the acquired data into a trained LSTM neural network to predict future crop transpiration water demand; dynamically calculating the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios for each irrigation zone based on real-time nutrient concentration distribution feedback from soil conductivity sensors and a water-fertilizer coupled transport model; implementing variable irrigation decision-making by precisely mixing fertilizer stock solution and irrigation water using a three-channel proportional pump; dynamically adjusting the pulse irrigation duration of each branch using an MPC algorithm; and recovering residual liquid at the end of the pipeline to a buffer tank, detecting the EC value of the recovered liquid using an electrochemical sensor as a benchmark parameter for automatically correcting the ratio algorithm for the next irrigation cycle. This method achieves precise control of the irrigation process by predicting future crop transpiration water demand, thereby improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. However, using the same irrigation scheme throughout the entire crop growth cycle without adjusting the irrigation strategy for different growth stages results in insufficient irrigation precision.

[0005] Patent application number 202311567534.8 discloses a smart irrigation method for vineyards. First, a large amount of data on 16 phenological stages of grapes is collected and labeled. Then, a deep learning model is used to train the collected data, and the trained weights are regressed onto unknown images to identify the stem tip state of each phenological stage and special phenological stages, which is used to correspond to the irrigation rules for each phenological stage. For each irrigation unit, a sentinel grapevine is selected, and the phenological stage of the sentinel grapevine is detected and identified at the same time every dawn. The pre-dawn water level is monitored daily using a soil water potential sensor. Based on the irrigation rules and the corresponding phenological stage, the corresponding irrigation amount is determined, and the irrigation system is controlled to open or close, thus realizing the start or stop of irrigation. This invention uses a deep learning model, which can more accurately identify phenological stages, thereby achieving scientific and precise irrigation, saving water and labor, while also ensuring the quality of wine grapes. However, it only predicts the irrigation amount and does not specify the irrigation time. Irrigating too early or too late is not conducive to plant growth, and the irrigation method has poor universality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an intelligent and precise irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization. This method addresses the issues of poor irrigation accuracy and untimely irrigation during substrate cultivation, achieving timely and appropriate irrigation, fertilizer and labor savings, and improved quality.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A smart and precise irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the theoretical evapotranspiration based on the total irrigation volume, irrigation discharge volume, and total weight of crop substrate; (5) In the formula, Indicates the first Theoretical evapotranspiration per day For the first Total irrigation volume per day For the first Daily irrigation discharge , For the first , Total weight of crop substrate for the day; Step 2: Calculate the reference evaporation rate according to the Penman modified formula; (6) In the formula, For the first Reference evapotranspiration per day The slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve. This represents the net radiation from the crop canopy. Soil heat flux density, This is the constant of the wet and dry meter. The average daily temperature at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. , The average saturated vapor pressure and average actual vapor pressure are located at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. Based on the crop coefficient, calculate the reference evapotranspiration for different growth stages: (12) In the formula, Growth stage Reference evaporation rate Growth stage The crop coefficient; Step 3: Using reference evapotranspiration at different growth stages as a control, optimize the theoretical evapotranspiration using daily average temperature, daily average photosynthetically active radiation, and daily average relative humidity to obtain the difference function between the reference evapotranspiration and the theoretical evapotranspiration; use the difference between the reference evapotranspiration and the theoretical evapotranspiration to compensate for the theoretical evapotranspiration and obtain the actual evapotranspiration. (13) In the formula, For the first The actual evapotranspiration of the day; The reference evapotranspiration rate is a function of the difference between the theoretical evapotranspiration rate and the daily average temperature. Daily average photosynthetically active radiation Daily average relative humidity The correlation is obtained through fitting. Irrigation begins when the actual evapotranspiration exceeds the substrate’s allowable moisture deficit, and the irrigation amount is the actual evapotranspiration.

[0008] Furthermore, the slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve, the average saturated vapor pressure at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface, and the average actual vapor pressure are calculated using the following formula: (7) (8) (9) (10) In the formula, , These are the daily maximum and minimum temperatures at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. , The daily maximum and minimum relative humidity are measured at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the ground.

[0009] Furthermore, the allowable moisture deficit value of the substrate is calculated using the following formula: (1) In the formula, Indicates the first The substrate allows for a water deficit value of [number] days. Indicates the first The permissible deficit ratio of the day, The maximum water holding capacity of the substrate, The moisture content of the substrate at the wilting point. This refers to the root depth.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Using the reference evapotranspiration calculated by the Penman modified formula as a control, the difference between the theoretical evapotranspiration and the reference evapotranspiration is optimized using environmental parameters (including daily average photosynthetically active radiation, daily average temperature, and daily average relative humidity). This compensates for the theoretical evapotranspiration calculated based on total irrigation volume, irrigation discharge, and plant growth, thus obtaining a more accurate simulation of actual evapotranspiration. Based on the actual evapotranspiration, the quantitative relationship between irrigation time and irrigation volume and actual crop evapotranspiration is obtained using the water balance method, achieving intelligent and precise irrigation. This solves the problems of poor irrigation accuracy and untimely irrigation in substrate cultivation, while also improving the intelligence and efficiency of the irrigation control system.

[0011] 2. To address the difficulty in measuring actual crop evapotranspiration, the plant and substrate are considered as a whole. Based on the principle of balanced input and output, the theoretical evapotranspiration is calculated using simple and easily measurable parameters such as total irrigation volume, irrigation discharge volume, and total weight of plant and substrate.

[0012] 3. This invention has significant theoretical and practical application value. For theoretical research, it provides a novel method for simulating crop evapotranspiration, utilizing simple and easily measurable environmental parameters combined with traditional theoretical foundations, avoiding complex, cumbersome, and destructive measurement processes, and offering new insights into plant transpiration research. For practical applications, precise, efficient, timely, and appropriate irrigation operations not only help conserve water and fertilizer resources and improve water and fertilizer utilization rates, but also contribute to increasing the yield and quality of greenhouse fruits and vegetables, thereby enhancing the added value and economic benefits of agricultural products. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is the overall flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Specific embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These specific embodiments are only used to describe the technical solution of the present invention in detail, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an intelligent and precise irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the theoretical evapotranspiration based on the total irrigation volume, irrigation discharge volume, and total weight of crop substrate; According to the water balance method, irrigation should begin when the real-time moisture deficit of the substrate exceeds its allowable moisture deficit. The formula for calculating the allowable moisture deficit of the substrate is: (1) In the formula, Indicates the first The substrate allows for a water deficit value of [number] days; Indicates the first The permissible deficit ratio for each day is negatively correlated with the maximum daily evapotranspiration. The maximum water holding capacity of the substrate, The moisture content of the substrate at the wilting point. For root depth, This refers to the effective water content of the substrate; For a matrix with a fixed volume and composition, the effective water content of the matrix can be considered a fixed constant, denoted as . Then equation (1) can be simplified to: (2) From equation (2), we can see that and It shows a positive correlation with the actual evapotranspiration of crops, and a negative correlation with the actual evapotranspiration of crops.

[0016] The formula for calculating the real-time moisture deficit of the substrate is: (3) In the formula, , For the first , Real-time substrate moisture deficit value per day, in mm; Indicates the first Theoretical evapotranspiration per day, in g / d; If full irrigation is adopted daily, then the first If the real-time moisture deficit of the substrate is always 0, then equation (3) simplifies to: (4) The formula for calculating theoretical evapotranspiration is: (5) In the formula, For the first Total irrigation volume per day For the first Daily irrigation discharge , For the first , Total weight of crop substrate for the day, For the first Daily growth.

[0017] Step 2: Calculate the reference evaporation rate according to the Penman modified formula; Calculate the reference evaporation rate according to the Penman modified formula: (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) In the formula, For the first Reference evapotranspiration per day The slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve is expressed in kPa / ℃. Net radiation from crop canopy, in MJ / (m²) 2 ·d); Soil heat flux density, in MJ / (m³) 2 ·d); with Compared to its very small value, therefore It can be simplified to ; The wet / dry constant is taken as 0.067 kPa / ℃; , , These are the daily average, maximum, and minimum temperatures at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. , The average saturated vapor pressure and average actual vapor pressure are located at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface, in kPa. , The daily maximum and minimum relative humidity at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the ground are expressed in % (%). According to equations (8) to (11), equation (7) can be simplified to: (11) From equation (11), it can be seen that the reference evaporation rate Net radiation from crop canopy Average daily temperature at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the ground The highest daily relative humidity at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the ground and minimum relative humidity Related.

[0018] Based on the crop coefficient, calculate the reference evapotranspiration for different growth stages: (12) In the formula, Growth stage Reference evaporation rate For the first Reference evapotranspiration per day, in mm / d; Growth stage The crop coefficient varies at different growth stages, and the values ​​recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) are adopted.

[0019] Step 3: Using reference evaporation rate For comparison, the theoretical evapotranspiration was compared using daily average temperature, daily average photosynthetically active radiation, and daily average relative humidity. Optimization is performed to obtain a function that compares the reference evapotranspiration with the theoretical evapotranspiration. This difference is then used to compensate for the theoretical evapotranspiration, yielding the actual evapotranspiration. When the actual evapotranspiration exceeds the allowable moisture deficit of the substrate... Irrigation begins at a specific time, and the irrigation amount is the actual evapotranspiration. The formula for calculating the actual evapotranspiration is: (13) In the formula, For the first The actual evapotranspiration of the day; The reference evapotranspiration rate is a function of the difference between the theoretical evapotranspiration rate and the daily average temperature. Daily average photosynthetically active radiation Daily average relative humidity The correlation was obtained through fitting.

[0020] Example This embodiment uses blueberries grown in substrate in the autumn of 2023 as an example. Based on observation records, the growth status of blueberry plants was identified, and the entire growth cycle was divided into four stages: flower bud differentiation (September 16 - October 22), leaf growth (October 23 - November 30), flowering (December 1 - January 15), and peak fruiting (January 16 - February 29). From September 16 to February 29, data was collected daily at regular intervals, including total irrigation volume, irrigation drainage volume, total plant substrate weight, photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and humidity. The total irrigation volume and irrigation drainage volume were taken as the maximum values ​​of the day, with 167 data points each. The total plant substrate weight was collected once a day at 0:00. To facilitate the calculation of plant growth on September 16, the total plant substrate weight at 0:00 on September 15 was also collected, resulting in 168 data points. The difference between the total plant substrate weights of adjacent days was used to obtain the daily plant growth. After data processing, the daily average photosynthetically active radiation was obtained and converted into daily net radiation of the crop canopy. At the same time, the daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily average temperature, daily maximum relative humidity, and daily minimum relative humidity were calculated, with 167 data points for each.

[0021] The theoretical evapotranspiration was calculated using equation (5), yielding a total of 167 data points: 2194.08, 3021.88, 3300.96, 2645.24, 2668.96, 2673.96, 3312.08, 2542.44, 2650.64, 2221.88, 2873.48, 2311.28, 2728.48, 2258.84, 2777.72, 2995.52, 2652.12, 2735.04, 2763.72, 2835.24, 2582.12, 2077.68, 2294.68, 2956.84, 2706.16, 2669.48, 2478.08, and 2357.4. 8, 2953.24, 2699.72, 2302.52, 2160.04, 2145.36, 2154.52, 2243, 2550.32, 2700.48, 2098.28, 2517.04, 2650.16, 2769.48, 2344.08, 2330.48, 1546. 44, 1579.56, 1237.28, 1760.28, 1316.48, 1116.24, 2035.32, 291.72, 2205.6, 1983.04, 2072.72, 1265.04, 3041.76, 3838.68, 3132, 2423.04, 2761.68 1033.56, 2354.08, 3295.88, 3153.08, 3385.88, 3286.96, 1612.64, 2328.96, 2896.16, 3002.08, 61.64, 2665.64, 3234.28, 2566.48, 3310.08, 3300.0 8, 2953.24, 2765.72, 2891.32, 2398.6, 2076.04, 2932.72, 2518.24, 1456.32, 2193.68, 37.68, 510.44, 815.16, 29.76, 82.12, 81.48, 1882.16, 2508.3 6, 1437.72, 1700.52, 2863.76, 2586.28, 2184.24, 3184.32, 2302.44, 2229.36, 1729.16, 2105.72, 1952.48, 1823.52, 198.36, 2643.16, 1413.88, 417 .56, 2762.84, 1617.16, 2404.52, 3329.68, 3554.68, 2551.56, 2001.96, 2135.16, 2614.28, 1722.24, 1413.84, 3095.44, 2649.12, 844.88, 1179, 1998.6, 2117, 2146, 2759.04, 3155, 2730.52, 3116.04, 2597.92, 2698.36, 3045.64, 3157, 2022.44, 1064.36, 1977.44, 2673.88, 2142, 2609.24, 1158.56, 2133, 3144, 3157, 2510. 76, 2421.68, 3124, 3146, 2551.12, 2518.6, 1992.64, 3128, 2880.84, 2669.72, 1061.72, 2099, 1312.36, 1358.56, 3124, 3176, 3129, 3189, 3185, 2499.92, 1853.68, 2721.72.

[0022] The reference evapotranspiration is calculated according to formula (11); at the same time, based on the crop coefficients of different growth stages, the crop coefficients corresponding to the four growth stages of flower bud differentiation, leaf growth, flowering, and fruiting can be found in the table. The values ​​are 0.3, 1, 1.05 and 0.5 respectively. The reference evapotranspiration (in g / d) for different growth stages was calculated according to formula (12), resulting in a total of 167 data points. In this example, the values ​​are 1412.30, 2110.31, 2365.30, 1745.84, 1936.54, 1940.53, 2334.81, 1818.31, 1668.32, 1414.93, 2080.26, 1520.89, 1786.10, 1358.73, 2053.47, 2234.96, 1819.28, 1848.20, 1855.82, 2037.10, 1652.86, 1094.65, 1414.93, 2072.05, and 1858.78. 1834.77, 1507.72, 1502.47, 2001.59, 1811.26, 1601.37, 1488.08, 1382.32, 1461.93, 1740.06, 2086.90, 1965.81, 2229.00, 2540.64, 2877.79, 2938.59, 2581.73, 2269.54, 1733.80, 1680.28, 1234.67, 1827.84, 1381.16, 1164.84, 2118.87, 356.23, 2244.56, 1985.37, 2137.26, 1368.97, 3065 .27, 4128.42, 3176.99, 2505.05, 2826.18, 953.58, 2482.32, 3342.50, 3319.30, 3394.07, 3340.82, 1763.12, 2378.13, 2898.86, 3019.75, 205.96, 2687.43, 3277.08, 2658.33, 3441.40, 3423.56, 3449.06, 3176.37, 3430.73, 2868.08, 2533.78, 3305.53, 2971.05, 1934.89, 2632.31, 329.95, 974 .91, 1299.05, 191.48, 184.93, 200.01, 2450.96, 2815.63, 1948.46, 2516.43, 3065.94, 3023.46, 2652.06, 3719.31, 2755.59, 2651.05, 2308.54, 2670.37, 2505.29, 2297.24, 578.13, 3151.33, 1951.67, 880.89, 3419.97, 2064.27, 2844.10, 4043.13, 4137.43, 2966.26, 2468.42, 2582.81, 3088.39, 2146.75, 1981.32, 3694.35, 2812.31, 766.73, 983.71, 1829.65, 2236.81, 1914.10, 2641.08, 3071.43, 2609.62, 3001.18, 2465.87, 2615.63, 2900.88, 3150.82, 1798.00, 1017.35, 1729.02, 2471.91, 2323.10, 2387.62, 1157.28, 250 8.30, 3078.04, 3032.59, 2359.16, 2299.48, 3173.88, 3258.56, 2377.18, 2350.50, 1955.22, 3717.40, 2659.99, 2720.92, 770.24, 2171.29, 1091.22, 1297.78, 3352.84, 3215.82, 3295.45, 3328.49, 3183.81, 2358.82, 1761.72, 2530.69.

[0023] Using a reference evapotranspiration as a control, the theoretical evapotranspiration was optimized using daily average temperature, daily average photosynthetically active radiation, and daily average relative humidity to obtain a difference function between the reference and theoretical evapotranspiration. This difference was then used to compensate for the theoretical evapotranspiration, yielding the actual evapotranspiration. The formulas for calculating the actual evapotranspiration at different growth stages are as follows: Flower bud differentiation period:

[0024] Leaf growth period:

[0025] Flowering period:

[0026] Peak fruiting period:

[0027] The coefficients of determination R for the above four formulas 2 The values ​​were 0.8535, 0.9927, 0.9858, and 0.9548, respectively, indicating a good fit.

[0028] when > Irrigation is triggered at certain times, among which = , Then when Irrigation begins at [time], with an irrigation volume of [amount]. In this embodiment, when When the diameter is 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10mm, The values ​​were 0.68 / 0.58 / 0.48 / 0.4 / 0.35 / 0.33 / 0.28 / 0.25 / 0.23, respectively. A portion of the matrix was measured using the drying method. For the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate and The moisture content of the substrate at the wilting point was measured simultaneously. For root depth, according to The effective water content of the matrix is ​​calculated, and the value in this embodiment is 13.

[0029] The irrigation method is illustrated using two actual days as an example, such as December 20th (day i) and 21st (day i+1). The total weight of the plant substrate at 0:00 on December 20th is... =19.323kg, total irrigation amount =4.2kg, the total weight of the plant substrate at 0:00 on the 21st was =19.353kg, with the discharged volume updated every 10 minutes. and daily average humidity Daily average temperature Since the flowering period is December 20th and 21st, it is set that starting at 7:00 AM on the 21st, [the system will be activated] every 10 minutes. Calculate the actual evapotranspiration from the time of irrigation on the 20th to the present. .

[0030] Sensor data shows that at 10:30 AM on the 21st, the amount of liquid discharged was... =1.30624kg, average temperature =14.64℃, average relative humidity =79.32%, so the actual evaporation at this time can be obtained. =3.41299kg, convert the actual evaporation amount to mm, then =5.33mm. At this time, =0.4, obtained according to formula (4) =0.4×13=5.2mm, 5.33>5.2 triggers irrigation, irrigation amount is =3.41299 kg, compared with the fully irrigated amount in the experiment. =4.2kg, saving 18.74% of water and fertilizer. Any aspects not covered in this invention are applicable to existing technologies.

Claims

1. A smart and precise irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Calculate the theoretical evapotranspiration based on the total irrigation volume, irrigation discharge volume, and total weight of crop substrate; （5） In the formula, Indicates the first Theoretical evapotranspiration per day For the first Total irrigation volume per day For the first Daily irrigation discharge , For the first , Total weight of crop substrate for the day; Step 2: Calculate the reference evaporation rate according to the Penman modified formula; （6） In the formula, For the first Reference evapotranspiration per day The slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve. This represents the net radiation from the crop canopy. Soil heat flux density, This is the constant of the wet and dry meter. The average daily temperature at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. , The average saturated vapor pressure and average actual vapor pressure are located at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. Based on the crop coefficient, calculate the reference evapotranspiration for different growth stages: （12） In the formula, Growth stage Reference evaporation rate Growth stage The crop coefficient; Step 3: Using the reference evapotranspiration at different growth stages as a control, the theoretical evapotranspiration is optimized using the daily average temperature, daily average photosynthetically active radiation, and daily average relative humidity to obtain the difference function between the reference evapotranspiration and the theoretical evapotranspiration. The actual evaporation is obtained by compensating for the theoretical evaporation using the difference between the reference evaporation and the theoretical evaporation. （13） In the formula, For the first The actual evapotranspiration of the day; The reference evapotranspiration rate is a function of the difference between the theoretical evapotranspiration rate and the daily average temperature. Daily average photosynthetically active radiation Daily average relative humidity The correlation is obtained through fitting. Irrigation begins when the actual evapotranspiration exceeds the substrate’s allowable moisture deficit, and the irrigation amount is the actual evapotranspiration.

2. The intelligent precision irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve, the average saturated vapor pressure at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface, and the average actual vapor pressure are calculated using the following formula: （7） （8） （9） （10） In the formula, , These are the daily maximum and minimum temperatures at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the Earth's surface. , The daily maximum and minimum relative humidity are measured at a height of 1.5m-2.5m above the ground.

3. The intelligent precision irrigation method for substrate cultivation based on environmental parameter optimization according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The allowable moisture deficit of the substrate is calculated using the following formula: （1） In the formula, Indicates the first The substrate allows for a water deficit value of [number] days. Indicates the first The permissible deficit ratio of the day, The maximum water holding capacity of the substrate, The moisture content of the substrate at the wilting point. This refers to the root depth.

Images