Sludge drying waste heat utilization device

Abstract

The present application relates to sludge drying treatment and energy recycling technical field, especially to a kind of sludge drying waste heat utilization device, including two condensers fixedly connected by air pipe, two the condensers are divided into first level and second level, heat exchange component is equipped in the condenser, the heat exchange component includes multiple circumferential vertical fixed installation in the pipe bundle of condenser, two annular tubes and two respectively fixed installation in the surface of two annular tubes flow tube, the top end and bottom end of multiple the pipe bundle are all worn out condenser, and respectively with two annular tubes fixed connection. The condensers of first level and second level are used to treat exhaust steam in stages, the condenser of first level uses steam condensate to absorb high-enthalpy exhaust steam heat, and the condensed water system is preheated, reduces deaerator steam consumption, the condenser of second level is cooled by circulating water low-enthalpy exhaust steam, reduces circulating water consumption, doubles energy utilization rate, significantly saves steam and power cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sludge drying treatment and energy recovery and utilization technology, and in particular to a sludge drying waste heat utilization device. Background Technology

[0002] In the sludge drying process, the core step is to dewater the sludge using a steam-heated dryer. This process generates a large amount of high-temperature, heat-carrying exhaust steam. This exhaust steam contains not only the latent heat and sensible heat absorbed during the sludge drying process, but also has a high heat density. If it is not effectively recovered, it will cause serious energy waste. Traditional sludge drying systems are equipped with a single-stage circulating water condenser, and the cooling of the exhaust steam relies entirely on the circulating water for heat exchange. The circulating water after heat exchange needs to be returned to the circulating water tank.

[0003] Waste heat from exhaust steam is not effectively recovered, resulting in low energy utilization. Furthermore, a large amount of circulating water is required to cool all the exhaust steam, leading to high load operation of the circulating water pump and high power consumption. The heated circulating water also puts pressure on the cooling of the subsequent water tank and the stability of the system. In addition, the single heat exchange medium cannot be graded according to the heat characteristics of the exhaust steam, limiting the recovery potential. Moreover, the deaerator consumes a large amount of steam because the condensate is not preheated, resulting in a heavy overall energy burden. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the following shortcomings in the prior art: the waste heat from exhaust steam is not effectively recovered, the energy utilization rate is low, and a large amount of circulating water is required to cool all the exhaust steam, resulting in high load operation of the circulating water pump and high power consumption. Therefore, this invention proposes a waste heat utilization device for sludge drying.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A waste heat utilization device for sludge drying includes two condensers fixedly connected by a vent pipe. The two condensers are divided into a primary stage and a secondary stage. Each condenser is equipped with a heat exchange assembly, which includes multiple circumferentially arranged vertically fixed tube bundles installed inside the condenser, two annular tubes, and two flow pipes respectively fixedly installed on the surfaces of the two annular tubes. The top and bottom ends of the multiple tube bundles extend out of the condenser and are respectively fixedly connected to the two annular tubes. An air inlet pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the primary condenser, and an air outlet pipe is fixedly installed on the side wall of the secondary condenser. A collection box is provided between the two condensers, and the bottom of each condenser is connected to the collection box through a water pipe. A disc is slidably mounted inside the condenser. Multiple circumferentially shaped openings are formed on the surface of the disc, through which multiple tube bundles pass. Multiple spring rods are horizontally fixedly mounted on the walls of each opening, and vertical plates are fixedly mounted on the free ends of the spring rods. Multiple connecting rods are equidistantly fixedly mounted on the surface of the vertical plates. Striking balls are fixedly mounted on the ends of the connecting rods near the tube bundles, and these striking balls abut against the tube bundles. The multiple spring rods are controlled to reciprocate and extend / retract via a pressing assembly. The pressing assembly includes multiple protrusions with right-angled triangular cross-sections, which are fixedly mounted on the surfaces of the multiple tube bundles in a circumferential distribution. The multiple tube bundles connect with the multiple spring rods located within the openings. The spring rod is positioned accordingly. The inclined surface of the protrusion has a vertical opening. The opening wall of the opening has symmetrically opened limited turning holes. A rotating shaft is horizontally rotatably installed inside the opening. A rotating plate is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft. The lower surface of the rotating plate abuts against the walls of the two limited turning holes. The surface of the rotating plate has a vertical opening for the passage of a vertical plate. Rotating rods are vertically rotatably installed inside both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe. The bottom ends of the two rotating rods are respectively inserted into the two condensers and are both provided with reciprocating threads. The two discs are respectively threaded to the two rotating rods. Restricting rods are symmetrically and vertically fixedly installed at the top of the condenser. The discs are slidably sleeved on the two restricting rods. The rotating rods are provided with a power component to provide driving force for their own rotation.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the power component includes an impeller fixedly sleeved on a rotating rod, with the two impellers located in the intake pipe and the vent pipe, respectively.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the vent pipe is equipped with a gas control component, which is used to control the flow rate of exhaust steam entering the secondary condenser from the primary condenser.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the air control assembly includes a fixed plate fixedly installed inside the vent pipe. The fixed plate has multiple vents circumferentially formed on its surface. A mounting rod is vertically and rotatably mounted at the center of the top of the fixed plate. Multiple cover plates are fixedly mounted circumferentially on the surface of the mounting rod. The lower surfaces of the multiple cover plates are in sealed sliding contact with the top of the fixed plate and are used to cover the multiple vents respectively. The mounting rod is controlled to rotate by a transmission component.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the transmission component includes a mounting plate and a threaded rod fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plate. The vent pipe and the first-stage condenser both have vertical openings on their adjacent sides. Both ends of the mounting plate pass through the two vertical openings, and the end of the mounting plate located inside the first-stage condenser is fixedly connected to the side wall of the disc. The top of the mounting rod has a threaded groove that matches the threaded rod's surface thread. The bottom end of the threaded rod is threaded into the threaded groove. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the mounting plate are provided with anti-leakage components to prevent exhaust steam from leaking from the vertical openings.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the leak-proof component includes a baffle that is vertically fixedly installed on the surface of the mounting plate. The upper and lower walls of the vertical opening are both vertically provided with sliding grooves, and multiple baffles are vertically slidably installed in multiple sliding grooves.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, mounting blocks are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the collection box. A circular opening is formed on the surface of each mounting block, and a crossbar is fixedly installed within the opening. Slots are horizontally formed at the ends of the two crossbars that are close to each other, and insert rods are slidably inserted into the slots. L-shaped water inlet pipes are fixedly installed at the ends of the two crossbars that are far from each other, and the two water inlet pipes are respectively fixedly connected to two condensers. Water outlet pipes are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the crossbars, and both water outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the inside of the collection box. One-way valves are provided in both the water inlet and outlet pipes, and the relative movement of the two insert rods is controlled by a push-pull mechanism.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the push-pull component includes a connecting rod and a push-pull plate. A fixing block is fixedly installed at one end of each of the two rods that are close to each other. An inclined plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of each fixing block. The two inclined plates are symmetrically arranged and have inclined grooves on their upper surfaces. A connecting port communicating with a threaded groove is vertically opened at the bottom of the fixing plate. The top end of the connecting rod passes through the connecting port and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod. The bottom end of the connecting rod extends through a vent pipe and is fixedly connected to the top of the push-pull plate. Both ends of the push-pull plate are slidably installed in the two inclined grooves.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the one-way valve in the inlet pipe is directed from the condenser to the slot, and the one-way valve in the outlet pipe is directed from the slot to the collection tank.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The exhaust steam is treated in stages using primary and secondary condensers. The primary condenser uses the turbine condensate to absorb the heat of the high-enthalpy exhaust steam, and returns it to the condensate system after preheating, reducing the steam consumption of the deaerator. The secondary condenser cools the low-enthalpy exhaust steam with circulating water, reducing the amount of circulating water used, thus improving energy efficiency and significantly saving steam and electricity costs. By linking the reciprocating motion of the disc with the spring rod and the striking ball, and with the pressing structure of the protrusion and the rotating plate, the tube bundle surface is automatically descaled, avoiding scale buildup that affects heat exchange, while accelerating the flow of condensate. No manual intervention is required, reducing maintenance costs. The gas control components inside the vent pipe control the opening and closing of the cover plate through the disc linkage, so that the exhaust steam flow of the secondary condenser is precisely matched with the scale knocking rhythm of the primary condenser. During the high enthalpy exhaust steam stage, the primary condenser has efficient heat exchange, and during the low enthalpy stage, the secondary condenser has enhanced treatment, thereby improving the system synergy. By leveraging the linkage between the threaded rod and the push-pull component, the drive rod reciprocates within the crossbar, working in conjunction with the check valve to automatically open and close the condenser and the collection box for drainage, preventing condensate accumulation from obstructing the flow of exhaust steam. At the same time, the baffle structure prevents exhaust steam leakage, ensuring the system's airtightness. All functions rely on exhaust steam power and mechanical structure linkage, requiring no additional electricity or control system, resulting in a low failure rate. It is suitable for high-temperature and humid environments in sludge drying scenarios and is easy to operate and maintain. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of a sludge drying waste heat utilization device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a sludge drying waste heat utilization device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a sludge drying waste heat utilization device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 The flowchart is a sludge drying waste heat utilization device proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the disk and tube bundle in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the tube bundle in this invention; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the protrusion in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the condenser in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 10 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the vent pipe in this invention; Figure 12 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing plate and mounting rod in this invention; Figure 13 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Condenser, 2. Vent pipe, 3. Tube bundle, 4. Ring pipe, 5. Flow pipe, 6. Disc, 7. Through port, 8. Spring rod, 9. Vertical plate, 10. Connecting rod, 11. Striking ball, 12. Inlet pipe, 13. Water pipe, 14. Collection box, 15. Outlet pipe, 16. Protrusion, 17. Through port, 18. Rotation limit port, 19. Rotating plate, 20. Through port, 21. Rotating rod, 22. Reciprocating thread, 23. Impeller, 24. Fixed plate, 25. Vent port, 26. Mounting rod, 27. Cover plate, 28. Mounting plate, 29. Threaded rod, 30. Threaded groove, 31. Vertical opening, 32. Sliding groove, 33. Horizontal bar, 34. Insert rod, 35. Water inlet pipe, 36. Water outlet pipe, 37. Connecting rod, 38. Push-pull plate, 39. Inclined plate, 40. Inclined groove, 41. Baffle, 42. Limiting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0018] Reference Figures 1-4 A waste heat utilization device for sludge drying includes two condensers 1 fixedly connected by a vent pipe 2. The two condensers 1 are divided into a primary stage and a secondary stage. Each condenser 1 contains a heat exchange assembly, which includes multiple circumferentially arranged, vertically fixed tube bundles 3, two annular tubes 4, and two flow pipes 5 respectively fixedly installed on the surfaces of the two annular tubes 4. The top and bottom ends of the multiple tube bundles 3 extend out of the condenser 1 and are fixedly connected to the two annular tubes 4 respectively. An air inlet pipe 12 is fixedly installed at the top of the primary condenser 1, and an air outlet pipe 15 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the secondary condenser 1. A collection box 14 is provided between the two condensers 1. The bottom of each condenser 1 is connected to the collection box 14 via a water pipe 13, which contains a valve. Tube bundle 3 is used for the passage of steam turbine condensate. Tube bundle 3 in the secondary condenser 1 is used for the passage of circulating water. The two flow pipes 5 at the top and bottom of the primary condenser 1 are connected to the condensate system (not shown). The main condensate pipe in the condensate system is connected to the deaerator (not shown). The two flow pipes 5 at the top and bottom of the secondary condenser 1 are connected to the circulating water pool (not shown). The circulating water pool is equipped with a circulating water pump (not shown). The circulating water pump is connected to the flow pipe 5 at the bottom of the secondary condenser 1. (The deaerator, circulating water pool and circulating water pump are disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN105089724B, entitled "A Parallel Operating Steam Turbine Unit Boiler Feedwater Heating System", which belongs to the prior art. Its working principle will not be described in detail here.)

[0019] When the high-speed exhaust steam generated from sludge drying enters the first-stage condenser 1 through the inlet pipe 12, the exhaust steam diffuses within the shell side of the first-stage condenser 1 and comes into full contact with the outer walls of the multiple tube bundles 3. At this time, the turbine condensate enters the bottom annular pipe 4 through the flow pipe 5 at the bottom of the first-stage condenser 1. After being diverted by the annular pipe 4, it flows from bottom to top along the multiple tube bundles 3. The low-temperature condensate in the tube bundles 3 exchanges heat with the external high-enthalpy exhaust steam. After the exhaust steam releases heat, part of it condenses into water, while the condensate absorbs heat and rises in temperature. Finally, it flows through the top annular pipe 4 to the top flow pipe 5 and returns to the condensate system. Since the heated condensate does not need additional heating when entering the deaerator, it directly reduces the steam consumption of the deaerator, achieving efficient recovery and energy saving of high-enthalpy waste heat.

[0020] After being cooled by the primary heat exchange, the exhaust steam enters the shell side of the secondary condenser 1 through the vent pipe 2. At this time, the circulating water enters the bottom annular pipe 4 through the flow pipe 5 at the bottom of the secondary condenser 1 and flows from bottom to top along the tube bundle 3, where it undergoes secondary heat exchange with the low enthalpy exhaust steam in the shell side. After absorbing the remaining heat, the circulating water flows back to the circulating water pool through the top annular pipe 4 and the top flow pipe 5. The fully cooled exhaust steam is then discharged through the exhaust pipe 15.

[0021] Compared to the traditional single-stage circulating water cooling mode, this device uses the turbine condensate to bear the main heat exchange load in the first-stage condenser 1, which greatly reduces the total water consumption when the cooling is entirely based on circulating water. At the same time, the second-stage condenser 1 only processes the low-enthalpy exhaust steam after the first-stage cooling, which significantly reduces the required circulating water volume, directly reducing the operating load of the circulating water pump, reducing the power consumption of the pump, and achieving electricity cost savings.

[0022] The condensate (including exhaust steam condensate and condensate on the outer wall of tube bundle 3) generated during the heat exchange process in the two-stage condenser 1 flows down the inner wall of the shell side to the bottom. Finally, the valve located in the water pipe 13 can be manually opened to allow the condensate at the bottom of the condenser 1 to flow into the collection box 14 through the water pipe 13, thereby achieving centralized collection of condensate.

[0023] In this process, both condensate and circulating water flow in a "bottom-up" direction, forming a counter-current heat exchange with the flow of exhaust steam in the shell side, which significantly improves heat exchange efficiency. The first stage specifically recovers high enthalpy heat to reduce deaerator energy consumption, while the second stage treats low enthalpy waste heat to reduce circulating water consumption, achieving a synergistic effect of graded energy saving.

[0024] Through the above process, the first-stage condenser 1 recovers the heat of high-enthalpy exhaust steam by using the steam turbine condensate, reducing the steam consumption of the subsequent deaerator. The second-stage condenser 1 treats low-enthalpy exhaust steam through circulating water, reducing the amount of circulating water used, thus forming a highly efficient operating mode of staged waste heat utilization.

[0025] Reference Figures 5-10A disc 6 is slidably installed inside the condenser 1. Multiple through-holes 7 are circumferentially formed on the surface of the disc 6. Multiple tube bundles 3 pass through these through-holes 7. Multiple spring rods 8 are horizontally fixedly installed on the circumferential walls of the through-holes 7. A vertical plate 9 is fixedly installed at the free end of each spring rod 8. Multiple connecting rods 10 are equidistantly fixedly installed on the surface of the vertical plate 9. A striking ball 11 is fixedly installed on the end of each connecting rod 10 near the tube bundle 3, and the striking ball 11 abuts against the tube bundle 3. The multiple spring rods 8 are reciprocated and extended by a pressing assembly. The pressing assembly includes multiple protrusions 16 with right-angled triangular cross-sections. These protrusions 16 are fixedly installed on the surface of the multiple tube bundles 3, arranged circumferentially. The multiple tube bundles 3 correspond to the positions of the multiple spring rods 8 located within the through-holes 7. A vertical opening 17 is formed on the inclined surface of each protrusion 16. Seven symmetrically arranged limited rotation ports 18 are provided on the walls of the port 17. A rotating shaft is horizontally rotatably installed in the port 17. A rotating plate 19 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft. The lower surface of the rotating plate 19 abuts against the walls of the two limited rotation ports 18. A vertically arranged passage 20 for the vertical plate 9 to pass through is provided on the surface of the rotating plate 19. A rotating rod 21 is vertically rotatably installed in both the air inlet pipe 12 and the air outlet pipe 2. The bottom ends of the two rotating rods 21 are respectively inserted into the two condensers 1 and are respectively provided with reciprocating threads 22. Two discs 6 are respectively threadedly connected to the two rotating rods 21. A limiting rod 42 is symmetrically and vertically fixedly installed at the top of the condenser 1. The discs 6 are slidably sleeved on the two limiting rods 42. A power component for providing driving force for its own rotation is provided on the rotating rod 21. The power component includes an impeller 23 fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod 21. The two impellers 23 are respectively located in the air inlet pipe 12 and the air outlet pipe 2.

[0026] When the exhaust steam generated from sludge drying is introduced into the first-stage condenser 1 at high speed through the inlet pipe 12, the high-speed airflow impacts the impeller 23 inside the inlet pipe 12, causing the rotating rod 21 to rotate synchronously. Since the disc 6 inside the first-stage condenser 1 is threadedly connected to the rotating rod 21 through the reciprocating thread 22, and the disc 6 is slidably fitted on two limiting rods 42, the limiting rods 42 restrict the disc 6 to move only vertically, preventing it from rotating with the rotating rod 21. When the rotating rod 21 rotates, the disc 6 makes a stable vertical reciprocating slide along the tube bundle 3 and the limiting rods 42 inside the condenser 1.

[0027] As the disc 6 slides downward, the vertical plate 9 inside the through 7 moves down synchronously with the disc 6. The connecting rod 10 drives the striking ball 11 to move close to the surface of the tube bundle 3. When the uppermost striking ball 11 contacts the protrusion 16 on the surface of the tube bundle 3, the vertical plate 9 will gradually move out of the through 20 of the rotating plate 19. At this time, the rotating plate 19 cannot rotate downward because its lower surface is against the wall of the limiting port 18. The inclined surface of the protrusion 16 will continue to press against the vertical plate 9, forcing the spring rod 8 to compress. The striking ball 11 moves away from the tube bundle 3 with the vertical plate 9 and accumulates elastic potential energy.

[0028] When the disc 6 moves down until the striking ball 11 is completely separated from the protrusion 16, the spring rod 8 instantly releases its elastic potential energy, causing the vertical plate 9 and connecting rod 10 to quickly return to their original positions. The striking ball 11 then strikes the surface of the tube bundle 3, shaking off the scale adhering to the inner wall of the tube bundle 3, while simultaneously accelerating the downward flow of condensate on the surface of the tube bundle 3.

[0029] Similarly, when the exhaust steam after primary treatment enters the secondary condenser 1 through the vent pipe 2, the airflow impacts the impeller 23 inside the vent pipe 2, driving the secondary rotating rod 21 to rotate. The secondary disc 6 also slides vertically back and forth under the constraint of the limiting rod 42. Through the linkage of the aforementioned protrusion 16, rotating plate 19 and spring rod 8, the automatic knocking of scale on the tube bundle 3 inside the secondary condenser 1 is achieved.

[0030] After the disc 6 completes the downward knocking action, the rotating rod 21 continues to rotate. Under the action of the reciprocating thread 22, the disc 6 is driven to slide upward and reset along the limiting rod 42. At this time, the vertical plate 9 in the through 7 moves upward with the disc 6, and the connecting rod 10 drives the knocking ball 11 to move upward along the surface of the tube bundle 3.

[0031] When the uppermost striking ball 11 contacts the protrusion 16 on the surface of the tube bundle 3, the vertical plate 9 passes through the through-hole 20 of the rotating plate 19 upward. Since the lower surface of the rotating plate 19 is restricted by the rotation limit port 18 and cannot rotate downward, it can rotate upward around the rotation axis. When the vertical plate 9 moves upward, the uppermost striking ball 11 will push up the rotating plate 19, causing it to flip upward and avoid the moving path of the vertical plate 9. At this time, the spring rod 8 is only subjected to a slight pushing force and basically maintains its original length. The striking ball 11 will not move away from the surface of the tube bundle 3, but will only move upward smoothly with the disc 6.

[0032] When the disc 6 moves to its highest point, the spring rod 8 and the uppermost striking ball 11 no longer contact the rotating plate 19. The rotating plate 19 will then quickly flip downwards under its own weight. The lower surface of the rotating plate 19 will once again abut against the wall of the limiting port 18, and then, under the action of the reciprocating thread 22, it will move downwards again, entering the next cycle of "moving downwards to compress the spring rod 8, disengaging and then impacting to remove scale".

[0033] The flip-up design of the rotating plate 19 during the upward movement avoids hard collision between the vertical plate 9 and the protrusion 16, and ensures that the disc 6 can be smoothly reset. This makes the entire knocking action form a continuous cycle of "downward impact descaling and upward smooth reset", which keeps the tube bundle 3 clean and does not consume additional power.

[0034] When circulating water and turbine condensate flow within tube bundle 3 for an extended period, minerals and impurities in the water gradually deposit on the inner wall of tube bundle 3, forming a hard scale layer. The thermal conductivity of the scale is much lower than that of the metal material of tube bundle 3, which significantly hinders the heat exchange between the medium inside the tube and the exhaust steam outside the tube, resulting in a significant decrease in heat exchange efficiency. To achieve the same cooling or preheating effect, more circulating water or steam needs to be consumed, indirectly increasing the load on the circulating water pump and the steam consumption of the deaerator.

[0035] Meanwhile, scale buildup will reduce the internal flow cross-sectional area of ​​tube bundle 3, increase water flow resistance, further increase the operating load of circulating water pumps and condensate conveying equipment, leading to increased energy consumption, and may also cause local pressure abnormalities in the pipeline. If scale is not cleaned for a long time, it will also accelerate the corrosion of the inner wall of tube bundle 3, shorten the service life of the equipment, and even affect the normal operation of the system due to severe blockage.

[0036] The automatic descaling function of this device can promptly shake off the scale on the inner wall of the tube bundle 3 by repeatedly striking the ball 11, keeping the inner wall of the tube bundle 3 clean. On the one hand, it ensures smooth flow of the medium inside the tube, reducing resistance and energy consumption. On the other hand, it maintains high heat exchange efficiency, allowing the turbine condensate of the first-stage condenser 1 to fully absorb the heat of the exhaust steam, and the circulating water of the second-stage condenser 1 to efficiently cool the low-enthalpy exhaust steam, ensuring the stable performance of the staged energy-saving effect, while reducing equipment maintenance costs and failure risks.

[0037] The entire process is driven by the exhaust steam kinetic energy. The movement of the disc 6 is ensured by the limiting rod 42. The automatic descaling of the two-stage tube bundle 3 is achieved by the reciprocating linkage of the mechanical structure. No additional power is required, which is suitable for the complex environment inside the condenser 1.

[0038] Reference Figures 11-12The vent pipe 2 is equipped with a gas control assembly, which controls the flow rate of exhaust steam entering the secondary condenser 1 from the primary condenser 1. The gas control assembly includes a fixed plate 24 fixedly installed inside the vent pipe 2. The fixed plate 24 has multiple circumferentially shaped vents 25 on its surface. A mounting rod 26 is vertically and rotatably mounted at the center of the top of the fixed plate 24. Multiple cover plates 27 are fixedly mounted circumferentially on the surface of the mounting rod 26. The lower surfaces of the cover plates 27 are in sealed sliding contact with the top of the fixed plate 24 and are used to cover the multiple vents 25. The mounting rod 26 is rotated by a transmission component, which includes a mounting plate 28 and a threaded rod 29 fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plate 28. The vent pipe 2 and... Each of the close-to-each sides of the first-stage condenser 1 has a vertical opening 31. The two ends of the mounting plate 28 pass through the two vertical openings 31 respectively, and the end of the mounting plate 28 located inside the first-stage condenser 1 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the disc 6. The top of the mounting rod 26 has a threaded groove 30 that matches the thread on the surface of the threaded rod 29. The bottom end of the threaded rod 29 is threaded into the threaded groove 30. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the mounting plate 28 are provided with anti-leakage components. The anti-leakage components are used to prevent exhaust steam from leaking from the vertical openings 31. The anti-leakage components include baffles 41 that are vertically fixedly installed on the surface of the mounting plate 28. Both the upper and lower walls of the vertical openings 31 have vertically opened sliding grooves 32. Multiple baffles 41 are vertically slidably installed in multiple sliding grooves 32 respectively.

[0039] When the disc 6 inside the first-stage condenser 1 moves vertically back and forth, the opening size of the vent 25 inside the vent pipe 2 is dynamically adjusted through the linkage of the transmission component and the gas control component, thereby matching the scale knocking force and exhaust steam energy characteristics of the two-stage condenser 1. The specific process is as follows: The first-stage condenser 1 processes high-enthalpy exhaust steam (temperature 90-100℃, high heat content) just discharged from the dryer. Low-temperature condensate flows through tube bundle 3. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of tube bundle 3 is large, but scale formation is relatively slow. Therefore, a weaker scale removal force is required. The second-stage condenser 1 processes low-enthalpy exhaust steam (temperature 40-50℃, low heat content) after heat exchange in the first-stage condenser 1. Circulating water flows through tube bundle 3. Calcium and magnesium ions in the low-temperature water flow are more likely to crystallize, leading to faster scale buildup. A stronger scale removal force is required.

[0040] When the disc 6 inside the first-stage condenser 1 slides downward, the mounting plate 28 fixed to its side wall moves downward simultaneously, passing through the vertical opening 31 and driving the threaded rod 29 downward. The threaded rod 29 drives the mounting rod 26 to rotate clockwise through the threaded groove 30, causing the cover plate 27 to disengage from the vent 25 of the fixed disc 24. The opening area of ​​the vent 25 increases, and at this time, more high-enthalpy exhaust vapor enters the second-stage condenser 1 in a pulsed manner after heat exchange in the first-stage condenser 1, increasing the impact force on the impeller 23 inside the vent pipe 2. Driven by the strong airflow, the rotation speed of the rotating rod 21 that is fixedly connected to the impeller 23 is increased, causing the disc 6 inside the second-stage condenser 1 to move more, increasing the compression of the spring rod 8, and making the elastic potential energy of the striking ball 11 stronger when it resets, thus significantly increasing the force of striking the tube bundle 3.

[0041] When the first-stage disc 6 slides upward, the mounting plate 28 moves upward accordingly, the threaded rod 29 pulls the mounting rod 26 to rotate counterclockwise, the cover plate 27 gradually covers part of the vent 25, the opening area of ​​the vent 25 decreases, the exhaust steam flow into the second-stage condenser 1 decreases, the impeller 23 located in the vent pipe 2 slows down, the movement range of the second-stage disc 6 decreases, the compression of the spring rod 8 decreases, the impact force weakens, and excessive impact is avoided to prevent wear of the tube bundle 3.

[0042] During this process, the baffle 41 on the surface of the mounting plate 28 slides along the slide groove 32, always sealing the gap of the vertical opening 31 to prevent exhaust steam leakage. Through the reciprocating rhythm of the first-stage disc 6, the gas control component realizes the "pulse-like increase and decrease" of the exhaust steam flow in the second stage, so that the second-stage scale removal force varies with the flow rate, making it "sometimes strong and sometimes weak". This perfectly matches the scale formation characteristics of the inner wall of the tube bundle 3 in the two-stage condenser 1, which not only removes scale efficiently but also protects the equipment, ensuring the stability of the two-stage heat exchange efficiency.

[0043] The length of the rotating plate 19 inside the secondary condenser 1 is greater than that inside the primary condenser 1. When the longer rotating plate 19 contacts the striking ball 11, it can exert a longer stroke of pressure on the striking ball 11, forcing the spring rod 8 inside the secondary condenser 1 to compress more than that inside the primary condenser 1. The elastic potential energy released during reset is stronger, which drives the striking ball 11 to strike the tube bundle 3 with greater force, accurately addressing the problem of scale buildup in the tube bundle 3 inside the secondary condenser 1.

[0044] Reference Figure 13The upper surface of the collection box 14 is symmetrically fixed with mounting blocks. Each mounting block has a circular opening, within which a crossbar 33 is fixedly installed. At the ends of the two crossbars 33 that are close to each other, horizontal slots are provided. Insert rods 34 are slidably inserted into the slots. At the ends of the two crossbars 33 that are far apart from each other, L-shaped water inlet pipes 35 are fixedly installed. The two water inlet pipes 35 are respectively fixedly connected to the two condensers 1. The lower surface of the crossbars 33 is fixedly installed with water outlet pipes 36. Both water outlet pipes 36 are fixedly connected to the inside of the collection box 14. One-way valves are provided in both the water inlet pipes 35 and 36. The one-way valve in the water inlet pipe 35 directs the flow from inside the condenser 1 to the slot. The one-way valve in the water outlet pipe 36... The one-way valve is directed from the slot to the collection box 14. The two rods 34 are controlled to move relative to each other by a push-pull component, which includes a connecting rod 37 and a push-pull plate 38. A fixing block is fixedly installed at the end of each of the two rods 34 that is close to each other. An inclined plate 39 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixing block. The two inclined plates 39 are symmetrically arranged and have inclined grooves 40 on their upper surfaces. A connecting port that communicates with the threaded groove 30 is vertically opened at the bottom of the fixing plate 24. The top end of the connecting rod 37 passes through the connecting port and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod 29. The bottom end of the connecting rod 37 passes through the vent pipe 2 and is fixedly connected to the top of the push-pull plate 38. The two ends of the push-pull plate 38 are slidably installed in the two inclined grooves 40 respectively.

[0045] When the disc 6 inside the first-stage condenser 1 slides downward, the mounting plate 28 fixed to its side wall moves downward simultaneously, driving the threaded rod 29 to move downward. The connecting rod 37, which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod 29, pushes the push-pull plate 38 downward. The two ends of the push-pull plate 38 slide along the inclined grooves 40 on the two inclined plates 39. Since the two inclined plates 39 are symmetrically arranged and the inclined grooves 40 are at an inclined angle, the push-pull plate 38 will exert a lateral squeezing force on the inclined grooves 40 when it moves downward, forcing the two inclined plates 39 to drive the fixed block and the two insert rods 34 to move away from each other. The insert rods 34 penetrate into the slot of the crossbar 33, compressing the internal space of the slot and reducing the pressure. At this time, the one-way valve in the inlet pipe 35 is closed and the one-way valve in the outlet pipe 36 is opened. The condensate in the slot is forced into the collection tank 14 through the outlet pipe 36 under pressure.

[0046] When the first-stage disc 6 slides upward to reset, the mounting plate 28 moves upward accordingly. The threaded rod 29 pulls the connecting rod 37 and the push-pull plate 38 upward simultaneously. The two ends of the push-pull plate 38 slide in the opposite direction along the inclined groove 40, generating a reverse lateral force on the inclined plate 39. This drives the two inclined plates 39 to move the insertion rod 34 towards each other. The insertion rod 34 is pulled out of the slot, and the internal space of the slot expands to form a negative pressure. At this time, the one-way valve in the outlet pipe 36 is closed, and the one-way valve in the inlet pipe 35 is opened. The condensate in the first-stage condenser 1 and the second-stage condenser 1 is sucked into the slot through their respective inlet pipes 35 and stored in preparation for the next discharge.

[0047] The entire condensate collection process relies on the vertical reciprocating motion of the disc 6 to achieve full linkage, without the need for additional power, thus avoiding the accumulation of condensate in the condenser 1 and the obstruction of exhaust steam flow due to untimely discharge of condensate.

[0048] In this invention, a primary condenser 1 and a secondary condenser 1 are used to process exhaust steam in stages. The primary condenser 1 uses the turbine condensate to absorb the heat of the high-enthalpy exhaust steam. After preheating by the heat exchange assembly consisting of tube bundle 3, annular tube 4, and flow pipe 5, the steam is returned to the condensate system, reducing the steam consumption of the deaerator. The secondary condenser 1 cools the low-enthalpy exhaust steam through circulating water. It also relies on tube bundle 3, annular tube 4, and flow pipe 5 to complete the heat exchange, reducing the amount of circulating water used and doubly improving energy utilization efficiency, significantly saving steam and electricity costs. Furthermore, the vertical reciprocating motion of the disc 6 in the condenser 1, in conjunction with the spring rod 8, vertical plate 9, connecting rod 10, and striking ball 11 in the through-hole 7, forms a linkage with the pressure assembly to achieve automatic descaling on the surface of the tube bundle 3, preventing scale buildup from affecting heat exchange, and accelerating the downward flow of condensate. No manual intervention is required, reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sludge drying waste heat utilization device, comprising two condensers (1) fixedly connected by a vent pipe (2), characterized in that, The two condensers (1) are divided into a primary stage and a secondary stage. The condenser (1) is equipped with a heat exchange assembly, which includes multiple circumferentially arranged tube bundles (3) vertically fixed inside the condenser (1), two annular tubes (4), and two flow pipes (5) respectively fixed on the surface of the two annular tubes (4). The top and bottom ends of the multiple tube bundles (3) extend out of the condenser (1) and are respectively fixedly connected to the two annular tubes (4). The top of the primary condenser (1) is fixedly installed with an air inlet pipe (12), and the side wall of the secondary condenser (1) is fixedly installed with an air outlet pipe (15). A collection box (14) is provided between the two condensers (1). The bottom of the condenser (1) is connected to the collection box (14) through a water pipe (13). A disc (6) is slidably disposed inside the condenser (1). Multiple through-holes (7) are circumferentially formed on the surface of the disc (6). Multiple tube bundles (3) pass through these through-holes (7). Multiple spring rods (8) are horizontally fixedly mounted on the circumferential walls of each through-hole (7). A vertical plate (9) is fixedly mounted on the free end of each spring rod (8). Multiple connecting rods (10) are equidistantly fixedly mounted on the surface of the vertical plate (9). The ends of the connecting rods (10) near the tube bundles (3) are fixedly... A striking ball (11) is fixedly installed, which abuts against the tube bundle (3). Multiple spring rods (8) are controlled to reciprocate and extend through a pressing assembly. The pressing assembly includes multiple protrusions (16) with right-angled triangular cross-sections. The multiple protrusions (16) are respectively fixedly installed on the surface of the multiple tube bundles (3). The multiple protrusions (16) on the surface of the tube bundles (3) are circumferentially distributed. The multiple tube bundles (3) and the multiple spring rods (8) located in the through-hole (7) are connected. Correspondingly, the protrusion (16) has a vertically opening (17) on its inclined surface. The opening wall of the opening (17) has symmetrically opened limited turning ports (18). A rotating shaft is horizontally mounted inside the opening (17), and a rotating plate (19) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft. The lower surface of the rotating plate (19) abuts against the walls of the two limited turning ports (18). A vertically opening (20) for the passage of the vertical plate (9) is provided on the surface of the rotating plate (19). The air inlet pipe (12) and the vent pipe (… 2) A rotating rod (21) is vertically mounted inside each of the two rotating rods (21). The bottom ends of the two rotating rods (21) are respectively inserted into the two condensers (1) and are respectively provided with reciprocating threads (22). The two discs (6) are respectively threaded onto the two rotating rods (21). A limiting rod (42) is symmetrically and vertically fixedly installed at the top of the condenser (1). The disc (6) is slidably sleeved on the two limiting rods (42). The rotating rod (21) is provided with a power component for providing its own rotation driving force.

2. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power unit includes an impeller (23) fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod (21), and the two impellers (23) are located in the air inlet pipe (12) and the air vent pipe (2), respectively.

3. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vent pipe (2) is equipped with a gas control component, which is used to control the flow rate of exhaust steam entering the secondary condenser (1) from the primary condenser (1).

4. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air control assembly includes a fixed plate (24) fixedly installed inside the air pipe (2). The fixed plate (24) has multiple air vents (25) circumferentially opened on its surface. An installation rod (26) is vertically and rotatably installed at the center of the top of the fixed plate (24). Multiple cover plates (27) are fixedly installed circumferentially on the surface of the installation rod (26). The lower surfaces of the multiple cover plates (27) are in sealed sliding contact with the top of the fixed plate (24) and are used to cover the multiple air vents (25) respectively. The installation rod (26) is controlled to rotate by a transmission component.

5. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission component includes a mounting plate (28) and a threaded rod (29) fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plate (28). The vent pipe (2) and the first-stage condenser (1) are both vertically opened on their adjacent sides. The two ends of the mounting plate (28) pass through the two vertical openings (31) respectively, and the end of the mounting plate (28) located in the first-stage condenser (1) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the disc (6). The top of the mounting rod (26) is provided with a threaded groove (30) that matches the thread on the surface of the threaded rod (29). The bottom end of the threaded rod (29) is threaded in the threaded groove (30). The upper and lower surfaces of the mounting plate (28) are provided with anti-leakage components, which are used to prevent exhaust steam from leaking from the vertical opening (31).

6. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The leak-proof component includes a baffle (41) that is vertically fixed on the surface of the mounting plate (28). The upper and lower walls of the vertical opening (31) are vertically provided with grooves (32). Multiple baffles (41) are vertically slidably installed in multiple grooves (32).

7. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper surface of the collection box (14) is symmetrically fixed with mounting blocks. The surface of the mounting blocks is provided with a round opening. A crossbar (33) is fixedly installed in the round opening. The two crossbars (33) are provided with slots at their close ends. Insert rods (34) are slidably inserted into the slots. L-shaped water inlet pipes (35) are fixedly installed at their far ends. The two water inlet pipes (35) are respectively fixedly connected to the two condensers (1). A water outlet pipe (36) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the crossbars (33). The two water outlet pipes (36) are fixedly connected to the inside of the collection box (14). One-way valves are provided in both the water inlet pipe (35) and the water outlet pipe (36). The two insert rods (34) are controlled to move relative to each other by a push-pull component.

8. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The push-pull component includes a connecting rod (37) and a push-pull plate (38). The two insert rods (34) are fixedly installed with a fixing block at one end close to each other. An inclined plate (39) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixing block. The two inclined plates (39) are symmetrically arranged and have an inclined groove (40) on their upper surface. The bottom of the fixing plate (24) has a vertical opening that communicates with the threaded groove (30). The top end of the connecting rod (37) passes through the opening and is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod (29). The bottom end of the connecting rod (37) passes through the vent pipe (2) and is fixedly connected to the top of the push-pull plate (38). The two ends of the push-pull plate (38) are slidably installed in the two inclined grooves (40).

9. The sludge drying waste heat utilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The one-way valve in the inlet pipe (35) is directed from inside the condenser (1) to inside the slot, and the one-way valve in the outlet pipe (36) is directed from inside the slot to inside the collection box (14).

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