Leaky-wave antenna and frequency modulation continuous wave generation method based on leaky-wave antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a leaky-wave antenna and a frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky-wave antenna, and relates to the field of millimeter-wave radar, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a space-time coding matrix, configuring a radiation unit state regulation and control beam direction in a space domain, modulating a radiation unit state switching rule in a time domain to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave, and achieving space-time dual-domain regulation and control. And frequency-modulated continuous waves with controllable bandwidth are generated. The space-time coding leaky-wave antenna is formed by alternately arranging 1-bit radiation units in an upper row and a lower row, switching of radiation / non-radiation states is achieved by loading a synchronous bias PIN diode across an annular gap, a space-time coding matrix is constructed, the states of the radiation units are configured in a space domain to regulate and control the wave beam direction, and the space-time coding leaky-wave antenna is formed. Modulating the switching rule of the radiation unit in a time domain, and generating a frequency-modulated continuous wave; the radiation efficiency is improved by the alternative arrangement of the radiation units, the control difficulty and the hardware cost are reduced, multiple functions are integrated into a single device, and the problem of low integration level of the traditional separation architecture is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of millimeter-wave radar technology; in particular, it relates to millimeter-wave frequency-modulated continuous wave generation technology based on a spatiotemporally coded leaky antenna, capable of simultaneously realizing dynamic beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation; specifically, it relates to a leaky antenna and a frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave technology, with its narrow beamwidth, wide bandwidth, and high information transmission capabilities, has become a key technology supporting modern electromagnetic applications such as high-precision target detection and high-speed wireless communication. At the same time, high-precision target detection and high-speed wireless communication also place urgent demands on the multi-functional coordination and integration of millimeter-wave systems.

[0003] However, in traditional millimeter-wave system design, key technologies for generating probe waveforms, such as beam direction control (spatial domain) and frequency-modulated continuous wave (time domain), generally adopt a physically separate architecture, which has the following two drawbacks:

[0004] On the one hand, if beam control relies on radiating devices with fixed structures, dynamic direction adjustment cannot be achieved; if phased array technology is used, each radiating unit needs to be equipped with an independent signal transceiver component, which leads to a significant increase in system cost and size with the number of units, making it difficult to adapt to miniaturized application scenarios.

[0005] On the other hand, the generation of frequency-modulated continuous waves relies on a frequency synthesis module composed of multiple discrete electronic components. This not only makes hardware integration difficult but also easily introduces additional signal interference. Furthermore, it is difficult to flexibly adjust the bandwidth characteristics of the waveform, ultimately resulting in low system integration and high power consumption, which fails to meet the dual demands of high performance and miniaturization for millimeter-wave technology.

[0006] To address the shortcomings of traditional architectures, the industry has gradually developed reconfigurable leaky wave antenna technology, such as reconfigurable designs based on substrate-integrated waveguide feeding. These designs have achieved some progress in beam manipulation by leveraging the inherent phase gradient characteristics of traveling waves. Subsequently, the combination of spatiotemporal coding technology with leaky wave antennas attempts to simultaneously achieve coordinated control in the spatial and spectral domains, further expanding the dimensions of electromagnetic wave manipulation. However, existing reconfigurable leaky wave antenna technologies still have the following significant limitations:

[0007] Some reconfigurable leaky antennas can only achieve a single beam scanning function and cannot effectively excite harmonic signals and suppress clutter in the target frequency band; some designs that pursue higher control precision require more control elements for each radiating element, which significantly increases the complexity of the element structure and increases the difficulty of practical application.

[0008] Even if a few solutions support amplitude or frequency modulation, they cannot simultaneously achieve precise control of the target harmonics, flexible beam direction adjustment, and bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave generation, making it difficult to meet the core requirements of millimeter-wave systems for multi-functional integration and high signal stability.

[0009] In summary, traditional millimeter-wave systems employ a separate architecture for beam modulation and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation, resulting in high hardware complexity and low integration. Furthermore, existing reconfigurable leaky wave antennas cannot simultaneously achieve target harmonic control, flexible beam scanning, and bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave generation, thus limiting their engineering applications in millimeter-wave related scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to develop a leaky wave antenna and a frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky wave antenna. The invention designs a spatiotemporally coded leaky wave antenna composed of two alternating rows of 1-bit radiating elements. By loading synchronous bias PIN diodes across a ring gap, the radiating / non-radiating state switching is achieved, realizing amplitude reconfigurability. A spatiotemporally coded matrix is ​​constructed, and the beam direction is controlled by configuring the radiating element states in the spatial domain. In the time domain, the switching law of the radiating elements is modulated to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave. The alternating arrangement of amplitude-reconfigurable elements improves radiation efficiency, reduces control difficulty and hardware cost, and enhances the engineering application feasibility of the overall solution. Based on the waveguide self-filtering characteristics, clutter and harmonics are suppressed. Multiple functions are integrated into a single device, replacing traditional discrete modules, significantly simplifying the hardware architecture and effectively solving the problem of low integration in traditional discrete architectures.

[0011] This invention provides a leaky wave antenna, comprising: a plurality of radiating elements arranged in an array in alternating upper and lower rows, wherein the spacing between adjacent radiating elements is [missing information]. The radiating unit adopts a double-substrate layered structure. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the two substrates in the double-substrate layered structure are covered with copper layers. A length of [missing information] is etched on the copper layer of the upper substrate. Width is The annular gap has two synchronously biased PIN diodes (which share the same bias circuit) connected across its opening. A bias line for applying a control voltage is provided on the copper layer of the lower substrate, and the bias line is connected to the PIN diode. Among the plurality of radiating units, two are non-radiating arrays for power transition, and the rest are radiating arrays composed of effective radiating units.

[0012] Specifically, different bias voltages are applied to the PIN diode via an external circuit (bias line) to switch the state of the radiating unit: when a reverse bias is applied, the diode is off, the annular gap forms a complete radiating structure, and the radiating unit operates in a radiating "1" state; when a forward bias is applied, the diode is on, the gap is short-circuited, and the radiating unit is in a non-radiating "0" state. This switching of the radiating unit's state achieves amplitude reconfigurability. Based on electromagnetic matching theory, commercial electromagnetic simulation software can be used to verify the performance of the radiating unit. Simulation results show that, under both operating states, the reflection coefficient (S...) of the radiating unit... 11 Both values ​​are below -10 dB, meeting the signal transmission matching requirements of the millimeter-wave band. Simultaneously, the intensity difference between the radiation patterns of the two states is greater than 10 dB, indicating stable amplitude reconfigurability and laying the foundation for subsequent array coding and control.

[0013] Leaky wave antennas are essentially traveling wave antennas, where energy gradually leaks and radiates along the array, creating radiation with a relatively large aperture. Therefore, they naturally possess advantages such as high gain and high directivity. The double-row alternating array structure (i.e., the "interlaced grid" structure) further optimizes the amplitude distribution of the radiating aperture, helping to suppress sidelobe levels and obtain a cleaner beam. Using Taconic's TLY series dielectric substrate, which has extremely low loss tangent, is suitable for high-performance microwave circuits, ensuring minimal loss of RF signals on the transmission line. Energy is effectively transferred to each radiating element and leaked out, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna. The ring-slot antenna has a relatively wide impedance bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of a leaky wave antenna is determined by its periodic structure and element bandwidth; the ring-slot design lays the foundation for obtaining a wide operating bandwidth or scanning bandwidth.

[0014] The radiating unit adopts a double-layer substrate structure, which realizes the vertical integration and physical isolation of the radio frequency function (upper layer slot radiation) and the DC bias control circuit (lower layer), greatly reducing the complexity of the planar layout, avoiding the interference of the control circuit to the radiation field, and making the design very compact.

[0015] Electrical connection between upper and lower copper foil layers is achieved through metal vias. This mature and reliable process ensures the unobstructed bias current path of the PIN diodes and reliably maintains the stability of antenna performance.

[0016] The Taconic TLY substrate has a low and stable dielectric constant and an extremely low loss tangent, which enables antenna performance (such as beam pointing, gain, and efficiency) to be highly predictable and repeatable, and can minimize the heat loss of the dielectric itself, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency applications.

[0017] By changing the control voltage applied to the two synchronously biased PIN diodes, the equivalent electrical length or resonant state of the annular slot can be dynamically altered, thereby controlling the propagation constant of the entire leaky antenna in real time. According to the principle of leaky antennas, the main beam direction θ satisfies sinθ ≈ β / k0 (β is the propagation constant, and k0 is the free space wavenumber). Therefore, adjusting β can achieve continuous or discrete electronic scanning of the beam pointing θ.

[0018] PIN diodes have switching speeds in the microsecond or even nanosecond range, enabling extremely rapid beam scanning. This allows for millisecond-level or even faster beam switching, hopping, and scanning, meeting the stringent requirements for beam agility in scenarios such as radar and high-speed communication.

[0019] Two symmetrical PIN diodes are connected across the opening of the annular slit and controlled by the same bias circuit. This helps maintain the symmetry of the slit field, ensures that the radiation pattern is not distorted due to changes in the diode state, and simplifies the control logic.

[0020] The substrate has a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure etched on the copper layer of the lower substrate. The substrate integrated waveguide feeding structure is connected to a spatiotemporal coding control link that generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array.

[0021] Specifically, the waveguide width is designed based on the transmission characteristics of 27 GHz millimeter-wave signals to ensure stable signal transmission in traveling wave form and uniform distribution to each radiating element (amplitude reconfigurable element). In one embodiment of the invention, M radiating elements (amplitude reconfigurable elements) are selected and arranged alternately in two rows to form an array, where M-2 are effective radiating elements constituting the radiating array, and the remaining 2 are used for feed transition, for antenna array assembly and feed design. The spacing design is based on traveling wave transmission theory, which can effectively avoid mutual interference between the radiated energy of adjacent elements and improve radiation efficiency through coherent superposition of far-field electromagnetic waves.

[0022] The M radiating elements of the leaky wave antenna are arranged in alternating rows, which can realize the superposition of far-field electromagnetic waves, effectively improve radiation efficiency, reduce the spacing between adjacent elements, improve coding and control accuracy, and adapt to the signal transmission and control requirements of the millimeter wave band.

[0023] S-parameter simulations and measurements were performed on the assembled array. Within the target frequency band of 27 GHz, the reflection coefficient was below -10 dB, indicating good matching between the input signal and the array. Near-field scanning tests confirmed that energy could be uniformly transferred to each unit, and each unit could switch its operating state normally according to the bias voltage. The overall operational stability of the array met the requirements.

[0024] The spatiotemporal coding control link generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array and applies bias voltages to the PIN diodes of each amplitude reconfigurable basic unit to control the "0" / "1" state.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the substrate-integrated waveguide feed structure is etched onto the copper layer of a Taconic TLY dielectric substrate, and the waveguide width is adapted to 27GHz millimeter-wave TE. 10 In the mode transmission, one end of the waveguide is equipped with an input port to receive a 27GHz fixed frequency excitation signal, and the other end is equipped with a matched load port to absorb the unradiated residual energy.

[0026] The spatiotemporal coding control link generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array and applies bias voltages to the PIN diodes of each amplitude reconfigurable basic unit to control the "0" / "1" state.

[0027] Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structures inherit the advantages of traditional metal waveguides, such as extremely low loss, high power capacity, and good isolation, which are far superior to planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines. This ensures that the signal transmission efficiency from the feed point to each radiating element is maximized, which is beneficial to improving the gain and efficiency of the entire antenna system.

[0028] The SIW feed structure is surrounded by "walls" made of metal vias, which is essentially a quasi-closed waveguide structure. This provides excellent electromagnetic shielding, effectively suppresses crosstalk between feed networks, and prevents feed network radiation from interfering with the antenna pattern, thus ensuring the purity of radiation performance.

[0029] SIW feeding structures can be excited through a simple microstrip line-slot or coplanar waveguide conversion, perfectly compatible with standard PCB processes, and realize the integration of high-performance waveguide technology and low-cost planar circuits.

[0030] SIW feed structures can provide highly consistent and stable excitation signal amplitude and phase for each radiating element through precise design (such as gradients and coupling slots), laying the foundation for forming low sidelobes and highly directional beams.

[0031] Specifically, the spatiotemporal coding control link applies not a simple DC voltage to the PIN diode, but a digitally coded signal that changes according to a specific time sequence. By changing the coding, the "0" / "1" state combination of all radiating elements can be changed instantaneously, thereby realizing arbitrary and programmable beam pointing, beam shape (such as multi-beam, fan-shaped beam), and even beam null pointing in the spatial domain.

[0032] Preferably, the encoding can change rapidly over time, and the beam pattern (pointing and shape) can be agilely changed at clock speed to achieve real-time, adaptive beamforming.

[0033] Furthermore, the two ends of the substrate integrated waveguide are respectively provided with an input port for receiving a 27 GHz fixed frequency excitation signal and a matching load port for absorbing unradiated residual energy to avoid signal reflection affecting array performance.

[0034] Fixed-frequency excitation input port and matched load port are important components in SIW feed structure design, ensuring the efficiency and stability of the antenna system in signal injection and energy termination.

[0035] A fixed-frequency excitation signal of 27 GHz is input to the fixed-frequency excitation port. The entire antenna system (including SIW size, slot element parameters, PIN diode tuning range, etc.) is optimized around this center frequency to achieve the best radiation efficiency and beam performance. The transmitter / signal source only needs to generate a clean and stable 27 GHz continuous wave or modulated signal, eliminating the need for complex frequency synthesis or frequency hopping circuits, thus reducing the complexity and cost of the front-end RF system.

[0036] The working principle of a leaky wave antenna is as follows: electromagnetic waves propagate along a periodic structure at a specific phase velocity, and at a fixed frequency, their energy continuously leaks and radiates into space at a specific angle (θ = arcsin(β / k0)). A fixed frequency input is a prerequisite for the normal operation of this traveling wave radiation mechanism. Fixed frequency excitation allows all design degrees of freedom to be focused on optimizing the scanning range, beam shape, and gain, perfectly matching the principle of a leaky wave antenna. Beam scanning is achieved by changing the propagation constant β (controlled by a PIN diode), rather than changing the frequency.

[0037] Matched load ports eliminate terminal reflections and ensure line wave characteristics: Connect a matched load at the end of the SIW to absorb the remaining energy that has not been completely leaked out by the radiating elements and propagated to the end of the array, thus avoiding standing waves.

[0038] The matched load port absorbs all unradiated energy, fundamentally eliminating reflection and preventing reflected power backflow from damaging sensitive power amplifiers or signal sources in the preceding stage. This ensures a pure traveling wave state within the SIW feed structure, which is beneficial for obtaining the desired low sidelobe, high front-to-back ratio radiation pattern. It can also absorb small amounts of harmonic or stray signals generated by nonlinear devices (such as PIN diodes at switching moments) or structural discontinuities, thus purifying the system.

[0039] The matched load port provides a stable terminating impedance for the SIW feed structure, ensuring that the impedance characteristics of the entire feed network are deterministic and do not change drastically with array states (PIN diode switching). This simplifies the design of the input port and makes broadband matching easier to achieve.

[0040] Regardless of the state of the PIN diode (i.e., regardless of the beam direction), the traveling wave state within the SIW feed structure remains essentially unchanged, thus ensuring the stability of the antenna input impedance and radiation efficiency under different beam directions.

[0041] Furthermore, metal vias are formed on the two substrates, and the metal vias penetrate the copper layers of the upper substrate and the lower substrate to realize interlayer electrical connection and ensure the continuity of signal transmission. The bias line is electrically connected to the PIN diode through the metal vias.

[0042] Electrical connections between the upper and lower layers are achieved through metal vias penetrating the copper layers of both substrates. Vertical interconnection replaces planar routing, connecting the lower layer's bias circuitry to the upper layer's PIN diodes, minimizing the return path and reducing parasitic inductance. PIN diodes are high-speed switching devices; their switching speed and control signal integrity are highly dependent on the parasitic inductance in the bias circuit. Larger inductance results in slower switching transient response and can potentially cause voltage overshoot and ringing. Metal vias provide the shortest and most direct vertical return path from the upper-layer PIN diodes to the lower-layer bias circuitry, minimizing the control circuit area and loop inductance. This ensures the PIN diodes can be driven quickly and cleanly, facilitating precise beam-switching timing.

[0043] Preferably, a densely and regularly arranged array of metal vias (not just connection vias, but also typically grounding via walls) forms a continuous, low-impedance electrical connection between the upper and lower copper layers (usually a ground plane), establishing a robust and complete reference ground plane for RF signals and preventing common-mode noise and signal crosstalk caused by inconsistent ground potentials. Simultaneously, these metal vias form effective "metal walls" on both sides of the SIW, which is crucial for constructing a high-performance substrate integrated waveguide, ensuring the purity and enclosure of the waveguide modes.

[0044] By placing the DC bias line on the lower layer and vertically connecting it to the upper layer device through metal vias, the RF traces (upper layer gap, SIW) and DC traces are physically isolated, effectively preventing low-frequency noise on the control line from coupling into the sensitive RF signal and avoiding large RF signal interference with the fragile control logic.

[0045] Metal vias are a mature technology in PCB manufacturing. A robust copper layer is formed on the via walls through electroplating, resulting in high mechanical strength. This connection method is far more reliable than external connections such as flying wires or bonding wires, and can withstand higher vibration, shock, and temperature cycling, meeting the application requirements of harsh environments. Furthermore, this connection method allows circuits with different functions (radiation, feeding, control) to be vertically stacked in a compact space, greatly improving space utilization. This makes it possible to integrate complex antenna arrays and control systems within a limited area, making it a core means of device miniaturization.

[0046] Without vias, the offset traces on the lower layer would need to route around to the board edge and then connect to the upper layer in other ways, which would consume a lot of routing space and make the layout extremely complex. Vertical interconnects free up routing space, allowing for more optimized and shorter traces between upper and lower layers, thereby improving overall design performance and yield.

[0047] Furthermore, both the upper and lower substrates are copper-clad Taconic TLY dielectric substrates, and the relative permittivity of the substrates is... Loss tangent .

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit (amplitude reconfigurable unit) comprises a two-layer structure: the upper layer is a copper-clad Taconic TLY dielectric substrate (relative permittivity). Loss tangent The copper layer is etched with an annular gap, and two synchronously biased PIN diodes are connected across the opening of the annular gap. The two PIN diodes share a bias circuit. The lower layer is also a copper-clad Taconic TLY dielectric substrate, and its copper layer has reserved bias lines to apply control voltage to the PIN diodes. The upper and lower substrates are electrically connected by metal vias that penetrate the copper layers of the two dielectric substrates.

[0049] This invention also provides a method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky antenna. The method uses the leaky antenna described above to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave, constructs a spatiotemporal coding matrix, configures the radiation element states in the spatial domain to control the beam direction, and modulates the switching rules of the radiation element states in the time domain to generate the frequency-modulated continuous wave, achieving spatiotemporal dual-domain control and generating a bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave. The method includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. For spatial domain coding, control the radiation state of multiple radiating elements in the radiation array: state 0 or state 1. Adjust the distribution density and arrangement period of the radiating elements in states 0 and 1 to control the beam pointing angle of the radiation pattern. Scanning within the range of -30° to 30°, beam pointing angle The expression is:

[0051] (1)

[0052] In equation (1), n ​​is the spatial harmonic order. The wave number inside the waveguide. Let P be the free space propagation constant, P be the radiation period, and P be defined as the characteristic length between adjacent radiating and non-radiating units.

[0053] S2. For time-domain encoding, modulate the radiation state switching rate of each radiating element (to achieve precise control of the radiation wave frequency), and control the radiating elements in state 1 to switch at time intervals. Rightward circular offset Each time slot, generated at a frequency of [number] times. Frequency-modulated continuous wave:

[0054] (2)

[0055] In equation (2), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. The spacing between adjacent radiating elements;

[0056] The frequency-modulated continuous wave frequency By spatial offset It is deduced that, The expression is:

[0057] (3)

[0058] In equations (2) and (3), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. This represents the spacing between adjacent radiating elements.

[0059] Specifically, when the beam scanning range is set to -30° to 30°, the target harmonics can be effectively excited, while other harmonics are suppressed inside the waveguide because they cannot meet the phase matching condition; this phenomenon stems from the inherent self-filtering characteristics of waveguide-excited leaky antennas. By utilizing spatiotemporally coded leaky antennas to flexibly control electromagnetic waves in the spatial and frequency domains, frequency-modulated continuous waves can be generated.

[0060] Furthermore, the generation frequency of step S2 is: Methods for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves include:

[0061] Replace the parameter p in equation (3) with a time-related function. Generation frequency Radiation waves that vary over time:

[0062] (4)

[0063] In equation (4), This indicates that the baseband signal generated by the leaky antenna requires [a certain amount of time / effort] to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave. satisfy ,in, The rate of change of radiation frequency over time. The sign of the frequency modulated continuous wave determines whether the frequency increases or decreases linearly. The product of T and T determines the spectral bandwidth of the frequency-modulated continuous wave. It is a positive integer.

[0064] Experimental results from time-frequency signal analysis of the generated frequency-modulated continuous wave show that the spatiotemporal coding matrix designed in this invention can successfully generate frequency-modulated continuous waves with target bandwidth and expected variation trend.

[0065] Furthermore, the method for controlling the radiation state of multiple radiation elements in the radiation array in step S1 includes:

[0066] By controlling the on and off states of the PIN diode, the radiating unit radiates energy into free space in the radiating state (PIN diode off, denoted as "1") and blocks energy radiation in the non-radiating state (PIN diode on, denoted as "0"), so that the reflection coefficient of the radiating unit in both the radiating and non-radiating states is lower than -10dB and the difference in radiation intensity is greater than 10dB, ensuring stable amplitude reconfigurability performance.

[0067] Furthermore, the method for constructing the spatiotemporal coding matrix includes:

[0068] Encoding the spatial domain The time interval is p units cyclically offset to the right.

[0069] This invention can generate frequency-modulated signals by designing a simple periodic control voltage signal and relying on a spatiotemporally coded leaky antenna. This spatiotemporally coded leaky antenna architecture has high functional integration, simple reception characteristics and low cost, and can be applied to multiple fields such as radar, communication, and sensing. It has important research value and broad application prospects.

[0070] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky antenna as described above.

[0071] The present invention also provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky antenna as described above.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0073] The leaky wave antenna and the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on it provided by this invention design an amplitude-reconfigurable leaky wave antenna as hardware support. The radiating element of the leaky wave antenna achieves stable switching between radiating and non-radiating states by loading synchronous bias elements, and has reliable 1-bit amplitude reconfigurability capability. It not only provides a precise state control basis for spatial beamforming and time-frequency modulation of the spatiotemporal coding matrix, but also has a simple and easy-to-integrate radiating element structure. Compared with the existing complex phase reconstruction schemes, it reduces the control difficulty and hardware cost, and improves the engineering application feasibility of the overall scheme. The integrated architecture of beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation is designed. By adjusting the spatiotemporal coding strategy, the bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave is generated while ensuring the dynamic beamforming capability of the antenna. The spatiotemporal coded leaky wave antenna integrates beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation functions in a single device, replacing the separate beamforming components and frequency synthesis modules in traditional millimeter-wave systems. This greatly simplifies the hardware architecture, reduces system complexity and integration cost, and effectively solves the problem of low integration in traditional separate architectures. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0075] In the attached diagram:

[0076] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the leaky antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 2 The figures show the performance simulation and measured results of the radiating element and array of the leaky antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the spatiotemporal coding (STC) matrix of the leaky antenna in an embodiment of the present invention under different harmonic orders and beam scanning angles;

[0079] Figure 4 The above are measured radiation patterns of the leaky antenna of this invention under different harmonic orders and beam scanning angles.

[0080] Figure 5 This is a spatiotemporal coding matrix diagram for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the measured results of time-frequency signal analysis of the generated frequency-modulated continuous wave according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0083] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and products consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0084] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0085] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0086] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0087] This invention provides a leaky wave antenna (such as...) Figure 1 As shown), it includes: multiple radiating elements arranged in an array in alternating upper and lower rows, with the spacing between adjacent radiating elements being [missing information]. The radiating unit adopts a dual-substrate layered structure. Both the upper and lower substrates of the dual-substrate layered structure are copper-clad Taconic TLY dielectric substrates. The thickness of the lower substrate is... The thickness of the upper substrate is The relative permittivity of the substrate Loss tangent The copper layer of the upper substrate has etched lines with a length of [length missing]. Width is The annular gap has two synchronously biased PIN diodes connected across its opening. The two PIN diodes share the same bias circuit. A bias line for applying a control voltage is provided on the copper layer of the lower substrate. Metal vias are provided on both substrates, penetrating the copper layers of the upper and lower substrates. The bias line is electrically connected to the PIN diodes through the metal vias, realizing the electrical connection between the two copper layers and ensuring the continuity of signal transmission.

[0088] Figure 1 Part (a) shows the radiating element structure of the leaky wave antenna; part (b) is a top view of the antenna prototype; and part (c) is a bottom view of the antenna prototype.

[0089] Two of the multiple radiating units are non-radiating arrays used for power transition, while the remaining units form a radiating array of effective radiating units. Different bias voltages are applied to the PIN diodes via an external circuit (bias line) to switch the state of the radiating units: when a reverse bias is applied, the diode is off, the annular gap forms a complete radiating structure, and the radiating unit operates in a radiating "1" state; when a forward bias is applied, the diode is on, the gap is short-circuited, and the radiating unit is in a non-radiating "0" state. This switching of the radiating unit states enables amplitude reconfigurability.

[0090] Based on electromagnetic matching theory, this embodiment uses commercial electromagnetic simulation software to verify the performance of the radiating element. Simulation results show that, under two operating conditions, the reflection coefficient (S) of the radiating element... 11 Both values ​​are below -10 dB, meeting the signal transmission matching requirements of the millimeter-wave band. Simultaneously, the intensity difference between the radiation patterns of the two states is greater than 10 dB, indicating stable amplitude reconfigurability, which lays the foundation for subsequent array coding and control.

[0091] The copper layer of the lower substrate is etched with a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure. The two ends of the substrate integrated waveguide are respectively provided with an input port for receiving a 27 GHz fixed frequency excitation signal and a matching load port for absorbing unradiated residual energy to avoid signal reflection affecting array performance.

[0092] The substrate-integrated waveguide feed structure is connected to a spatiotemporal coding control link that generates coded signals via a field-programmable gate array.

[0093] The waveguide width is designed based on the transmission characteristics of 27 GHz millimeter-wave signals to ensure stable signal transmission in traveling wave form and uniform distribution to each radiating element (amplitude reconfigurable element). In this embodiment, M radiating elements (amplitude reconfigurable elements) are arranged in alternating rows to form an array, of which M-2 are effective radiating elements constituting the radiating array, and the remaining 2 are used for feed transition, antenna array assembly, and feed design. The spacing design is based on traveling wave transmission theory, which can effectively avoid mutual interference between the radiated energy of adjacent elements and improve radiation efficiency through coherent superposition of far-field electromagnetic waves.

[0094] S-parameter simulations and measurements were performed on the assembled array. Within the target frequency band of 27 GHz, the reflection coefficient was below -10 dB, indicating good matching between the input signal and the array. Near-field scanning tests confirmed that energy could be uniformly transferred to each unit, and each unit could switch its operating state normally according to the bias voltage. The overall operational stability of the array met the requirements.

[0095] The spatiotemporal coding control link generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array and applies bias voltages to the PIN diodes of each amplitude reconfigurable basic unit to control the "0" / "1" state.

[0096] The substrate-integrated waveguide feed structure is etched onto the copper layer of a Taconic TLY dielectric substrate, with a waveguide width adapted to 27GHz millimeter-wave TE. 10 In the mode transmission, one end of the waveguide is equipped with an input port to receive a 27GHz fixed frequency excitation signal, and the other end is equipped with a matched load port to absorb the unradiated residual energy.

[0097] The spatiotemporal coding control link generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array and applies bias voltages to the PIN diodes of each amplitude reconfigurable basic unit to control the "0" / "1" state.

[0098] This embodiment integrates beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation functions into a single device using a spatiotemporally coded leaky wave antenna. This directly replaces the separate beam control components and frequency synthesis modules in traditional millimeter-wave systems, eliminating the need for additional discrete components and meeting the technical requirements of multi-functional integration and low complexity in scenarios such as millimeter-wave radar. Figure 2 The simulation and measured results of the performance of the radiating element and array of the leaky antenna in this embodiment are shown. Figure 2 Part (a) shows the simulated S-parameters of the radiating element in radiating state ("1") and non-radiating state ("0"); Part (b) shows the simulated radiation pattern of the radiating element in different states; and Part (c) shows the simulated and measured S-parameters of the leaky wave antenna array.

[0099] This invention also provides a method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky antenna. The method uses the leaky antenna described above to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave, constructs a spatiotemporal coding matrix, configures the radiation element states in the spatial domain to control the beam direction, and modulates the switching rules of the radiation element states in the time domain to generate the frequency-modulated continuous wave, achieving spatiotemporal dual-domain control and generating a bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave. The method includes the following steps:

[0100] S1. For spatial domain coding, control the radiation state of multiple radiating elements in the radiation array: state 0 or state 1. Adjust the distribution density and arrangement period of the radiating elements in states 0 and 1 to control the beam pointing angle of the radiation pattern. Scanning within the range of -30° to 30°, beam pointing angle The expression is:

[0101] (1)

[0102] In equation (1), n ​​is the spatial harmonic order. The wave number inside the waveguide. Let P be the free space propagation constant, P be the radiation period, and P be defined as the characteristic length between adjacent radiating and non-radiating units.

[0103] Methods for controlling the radiation state of multiple radiation elements in a radiation array include:

[0104] By controlling the on and off states of the PIN diode, the radiating unit radiates energy into free space in the radiating state (PIN diode off, denoted as "1") and blocks energy radiation in the non-radiating state (PIN diode on, denoted as "0"), so that the reflection coefficient of the radiating unit in both the radiating and non-radiating states is lower than -10dB and the difference in radiation intensity is greater than 10dB, ensuring stable amplitude reconfigurability performance.

[0105] Methods for constructing spatiotemporal coding matrices include:

[0106] Encoding the spatial domain The time interval is p units cyclically offset to the right.

[0107] S2. For time-domain encoding, modulate the radiation state switching rate of each radiation element, and control the radiation elements in state 1 to switch at time intervals. Rightward circular offset Each time slot, generated at a frequency of [number] times. Frequency-modulated continuous wave:

[0108] (2)

[0109] In equation (2), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. The spacing between adjacent radiating elements;

[0110] The frequency-modulated continuous wave frequency By spatial offset It is deduced that, The expression is:

[0111] (3)

[0112] In equations (2) and (3), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. This represents the spacing between adjacent radiating elements.

[0113] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the spatiotemporal coding matrix configurations corresponding to different harmonic orders and beam pointing angles. Figure 3 Part (a) in the diagram represents the beam pointing angle. Frequency offset (a) is the spatiotemporal coding matrix; (b) part is the beam pointing angle. Frequency offset The time-space coding matrix; (c) part is the beam pointing angle. Frequency offset The time-space coding matrix; (d) part is the beam pointing angle. Frequency offset The spatiotemporal encoding matrix at time. For example... Figure 4 The following is based on Figure 3 The measured radiation pattern obtained from these spatiotemporal coding matrix configurations Figure 4 Part (a) in the diagram represents the beam pointing angle corresponding to the target harmonic. Frequency offset (a) is the measured radiation pattern at the time; (b) is the beam pointing angle corresponding to the target harmonic. Frequency offset (c) shows the measured radiation pattern at the time; part (c) is the beam pointing angle corresponding to the target harmonic. Frequency offset The measured radiation pattern at that time; (d) part is the beam pointing angle corresponding to the target harmonic. Frequency offset The measured radiation pattern at that time. When the beam scanning range is set to -30° to 30°, the target harmonics can be effectively excited, while other harmonics are suppressed inside the waveguide because they cannot meet the phase matching condition. This phenomenon stems from the inherent self-filtering characteristics of waveguide-excited leaky antennas. This embodiment utilizes a spatiotemporally coded leaky antenna to flexibly control electromagnetic waves in the spatial and frequency domains to generate frequency-modulated continuous waves.

[0114] Generation frequency is Methods for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves include:

[0115] Replace the parameter p in equation (3) with a time-related function. Generation frequency Radiation waves that vary over time:

[0116] (4)

[0117] In equation (4), This indicates that the baseband signal generated by the leaky antenna requires [a certain amount of time / effort] to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave. satisfy ,in, The rate of change of radiation frequency over time. The sign of the frequency modulated continuous wave determines whether the frequency increases or decreases linearly. The product of T and T determines the spectral bandwidth of the frequency-modulated continuous wave. It is a positive integer.

[0118] This embodiment achieves dual-domain control by designing a spatiotemporal coding matrix: in the spatial domain, by configuring the "0" / "1" state distribution of each radiating element in the array, the beam pointing angle is controlled to flexibly scan within the range of -30° to 30°; in the time domain, by modulating the state switching rate of the radiating elements and replacing the radiating element offset parameter with a time-dependent function, a frequency-modulated continuous wave with controllable bandwidth is generated. Figure 5 The image shows the spatiotemporal coding matrix used to generate frequency-modulated continuous waves in this embodiment. Figure 5 Part (a) of the matrix represents the spatiotemporal coding matrix when the frequency increases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.4 MHz; part (b) represents the spatiotemporal coding matrix when the frequency increases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.8 MHz; part (c) represents the spatiotemporal coding matrix when the frequency decreases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.4 MHz; and part (d) represents the spatiotemporal coding matrix when the frequency decreases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.8 MHz. Figure 6 The figure shows the measured results of time-frequency signal analysis of the generated frequency-modulated continuous wave. Figure 6 Part (a) shows the measured values ​​when the frequency increases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.4 MHz. (b) Part shows the measured values ​​when the frequency increases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.8 MHz. (c) Part shows the measured values ​​when the frequency decreases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.4 MHz. (d) shows the measured values ​​when the frequency decreases linearly and the bandwidth is 0.8 MHz. The experimental results show that the spatiotemporal coding matrix designed in this embodiment can successfully generate frequency-modulated continuous waves with target bandwidth and expected change trend.

[0119] This embodiment designs a spatiotemporally coded leaky antenna body composed of 1-bit amplitude reconfigurable units. Each radiating unit is loaded with two synchronously biased PIN diodes across the annular gap. The radiating ("1" state, PIN off) / non-radiating ("0" state, PIN on) state switching is realized by applying a bias voltage through the FPGA; 2) A novel millimeter-wave FMCW generation architecture is designed to directly replace the superheterodyne frequency synthesis module of traditional radar by designing a spatiotemporally coded modulation strategy. It integrates beam scanning and FMCW generation functions at the antenna end. It can realize millimeter-wave target harmonic excitation, flexible beam scanning and bandwidth controllable FMCW generation in a single device, significantly reducing hardware complexity and integration cost, improving signal modulation accuracy, and is suitable for millimeter-wave radar detection and other scenarios.

[0120] Specifically, each 1-bit amplitude reconfigurable unit can serve as a secondary radiation source for spatiotemporal coding modulation. When all amplitude reconfigurable units operate synchronously according to a time-varying binary sequence (corresponding to "1" state: radiation / "0" state: no radiation), the sum of the electromagnetic waves they radiate in the far field, the frequency components (spectrum) of which can be precisely shaped into the desired FMCW signal, similar to realizing a "direct digital radio frequency memory" or "digital-spatial frequency synthesizer" in the spatial domain.

[0121] By using spatiotemporal coding technology with 1-bit amplitude reconfigurable cells in a large-scale array, energy can be effectively concentrated in the desired main lobe and main frequency modulation signal, simplifying the hardware architecture.

[0122] This embodiment synthesizes the required waveform by controlling the radiation state sequence of the amplitude reconfigurable unit of the leaky antenna. The hardware architecture is simplified to FPGA + 1 bit amplitude reconfigurable antenna array + simple DC bias circuit. The system complexity is reduced, which means that the potential failure points are greatly reduced and the reliability is improved.

[0123] In traditional architectures, beam scanning (phased array) and waveform generation are two independent, serial subsystems. In this embodiment, beam scanning and waveform generation are different manifestations of the same set of control signals (spatiotemporal coding) in both the spatial and temporal domains. This allows for joint optimization of the detection waveform and scanning beam at the system design level, achieving deep coupling and integrated optimization of beam scanning and waveform generation. This enables optimal detection performance (such as optimal resolution, optimal signal-to-noise ratio, and optimal anti-interference) in specific scenarios.

[0124] Preferably, by simply changing the encoding sequence in the FPGA, the starting frequency, bandwidth, frequency modulation slope of the FMCW can be switched instantaneously, or even switched to other completely different waveforms (such as step frequency, phase encoding). Beam scanning is also controlled by encoding and can be switched instantaneously.

[0125] This embodiment uses a leaky wave antenna and a frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on it. The design employs an amplitude-reconfigurable leaky wave antenna as hardware support. The radiating element of the leaky wave antenna achieves stable switching between radiating and non-radiating states by loading a synchronous bias element, possessing reliable 1-bit amplitude reconfigurability. This not only provides a precise state control basis for spatial beamforming and temporal frequency modulation of the spatiotemporal coding matrix, but also features a simple and easily integrated radiating element structure. Compared to existing complex phase reconstruction schemes, this reduces control difficulty and hardware costs, effectively improving the overall feasibility of engineering applications. An integrated architecture for beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation is designed. By adjusting the spatiotemporal coding strategy, a bandwidth-controllable frequency-modulated continuous wave is generated while ensuring the antenna's dynamic beamforming capability. The spatiotemporal coded leaky wave antenna integrates beam scanning and frequency-modulated continuous wave generation functions in a single device, replacing the separate beamforming components and frequency synthesis modules in traditional millimeter-wave systems. This significantly simplifies the hardware architecture, reduces system complexity and integration costs, and effectively solves the problem of low integration in traditional separate architectures.

[0126] This invention also provides a computer device. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; see the accompanying drawings. Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes: an input device 23, an output device 24, a memory 22, and a processor 21; the memory 22 is used to store one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 21, the one or more processors 21 implement the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky antenna as provided in the above embodiments; wherein the input device 23, the output device 24, the memory 22, and the processor 21 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 7 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0127] The memory 22, as a read / write storage medium for a computing device, can be used to store software programs and computer-executable programs, such as the program instructions corresponding to the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky-wave antenna described in this embodiment of the invention. The memory 22 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the device, etc. Furthermore, the memory 22 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 22 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 21, and these remote memories can be connected to the device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0128] Input device 23 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the device; output device 24 may include display devices such as a display screen.

[0129] The processor 21 executes various functional applications and data processing of the device by running software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 22, thereby realizing the above-mentioned frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky antenna.

[0130] The computer equipment provided above can be used to execute the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky antenna provided in the above embodiments, and has corresponding functions and beneficial effects.

[0131] This invention also provides a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky antenna as provided in the above embodiments. The storage medium can be any type of memory device or storage device, including: mounting media such as CD-ROM, floppy disk, or magnetic tape; computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDRRAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory such as flash memory, magnetic media (e.g., hard disk or optical storage); registers or other similar types of memory elements; the storage medium may also include other types of memory or combinations thereof; furthermore, the storage medium may reside in a first computer system in which the program is executed, or it may reside in a different second computer system connected to the first computer system via a network (such as the Internet); the second computer system can provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The storage medium includes two or more storage media that can reside in different locations (e.g., in different computer systems connected via a network). The storage medium can store program instructions (e.g., specifically implemented as a computer program) executable by one or more processors.

[0132] Of course, the computer-executable instructions provided in the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky antenna as described in the above embodiments, but can also execute related operations in the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on the leaky antenna provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0133] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0134] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leaky wave antenna, characterized in that, include: Multiple radiating elements arranged in an alternating two-row, vertically aligned array, with a spacing between adjacent radiating elements of [missing information]. The radiating unit adopts a double-substrate layered structure. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the two substrates in the double-substrate layered structure are covered with copper layers. A length of [missing information] is etched on the copper layer of the upper substrate. Width is The annular gap has two synchronously biased PIN diodes connected across its opening. A bias line for applying a control voltage is provided on the copper layer of the lower substrate, and the bias line is connected to the PIN diodes. Two of the multiple radiating elements are configured as non-radiating arrays for power feeding transition, and the remaining elements are radiating arrays composed of effective radiating elements. The copper layer of the lower substrate is etched with a substrate integrated waveguide feed structure, which is connected to a spatiotemporal coding control link that generates coded signals through a field-programmable gate array.

2. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate integrated waveguide has an input port at each end for receiving a 27 GHz fixed frequency excitation signal and a matching load port for absorbing unradiated residual energy to prevent signal reflection from affecting array performance.

3. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Metal vias are formed on the two substrates, and the metal vias penetrate the copper layers of the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The bias line is electrically connected to the PIN diode through the metal vias.

4. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower substrates are copper-clad Taconic TLY dielectric substrates, with a relative permittivity of [missing information]. Loss tangent .

5. A method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky antenna, wherein the leaky antenna as described in any one of claims 1-4 is used to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave, characterized in that, Constructing a spatiotemporal coding matrix, configuring the radiation unit states in the spatial domain to control the beam direction, and modulating the radiation unit state switching rules in the time domain to generate a frequency-modulated continuous wave, achieving spatiotemporal dual-domain control and generating a frequency-modulated continuous wave with controllable bandwidth, includes the following steps: S1. For spatial domain coding, control the radiation state of multiple radiating elements in the radiation array: state 0 or state 1. Adjust the distribution density and arrangement period of the radiating elements in states 0 and 1 to control the beam pointing angle of the radiation pattern. Scanning within the range of -30° to 30°, beam pointing angle The expression is: （1） In equation (1), n ​​is the spatial harmonic order. The wave number inside the waveguide. Let P be the free space propagation constant, P be the radiation period, and P be defined as the characteristic length between adjacent radiating and non-radiating units. S2. For time-domain encoding, modulate the radiation state switching rate of each radiation element, and control the radiation elements in state 1 to switch at time intervals. Rightward circular offset Each time slot, generated at a frequency of [number] times. Frequency-modulated continuous wave: （2） In equation (2), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. The spacing between adjacent radiating elements; The frequency-modulated continuous wave frequency By spatial offset It is deduced that, The expression is: （3） In equations (2) and (3), The fixed carrier frequency of the input signal. The distance between adjacent radiating elements.

6. The method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky-wave antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The generation frequency of step S2 is Methods for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves include: Replace the parameter p in equation (3) with a time-related function. Generation frequency Radiation waves that vary over time: （4） In equation (4), This indicates that the leaky antenna generates the baseband signal. satisfy ,in, The rate of change of radiation frequency over time. The sign of the frequency modulated continuous wave determines whether the frequency increases or decreases linearly. The product of T and T determines the spectral bandwidth of the frequency-modulated continuous wave. It is a positive integer.

7. The method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky-wave antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for controlling the radiation state of multiple radiation elements in the radiation array in step S1 includes: By controlling the on and off states of the PIN diode, the radiating unit radiates energy into free space in the radiating state and blocks energy radiation in the non-radiating state, so that the reflection coefficient of the radiating unit in both the radiating and non-radiating states is lower than -10dB and the difference in radiation intensity is greater than 10dB.

8. The method for generating frequency-modulated continuous waves based on a leaky-wave antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for constructing the spatiotemporal coding matrix includes: Encoding the spatial domain The time interval is p units cyclically offset to the right.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky wave antenna as described in any one of claims 5-8.

10. A computer device, the computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the frequency-modulated continuous wave generation method based on a leaky wave antenna as described in any one of claims 5-8.

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