A high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system and method
By using the hardware bus and fiber optic link of the beam control system and event board, synchronous control of the beam and high-frequency feedforward in the high-current pulsed proton accelerator is achieved, which solves the risk of equipment damage caused by network latency and improves operational safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INST OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Under high-current conditions, the high-current pulsed proton accelerator suffers from network delay issues in the synchronous start-up and shutdown of the beam and the high-frequency accelerating cavity, which increases the risk of equipment damage.
The beam control system transmits event codes via hardware bus and fiber optic link to trigger hard interrupts, thereby achieving synchronous control of the beam and high-frequency feedforward. This includes the coordinated operation of the beam control module, event board, particle source acceleration power supply system, and high-frequency acceleration cavity system.
This reduces the operational risks of the proton accelerator, ensures the synchronization of the beam and the high-frequency system, and avoids equipment damage.
Smart Images
Figure CN121865496B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of particle accelerator control technology, and in particular to a high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system and method. Background Technology
[0002] In high-current pulsed proton accelerators, under high-current conditions, the proton beam interacts strongly with the electromagnetic field within the high-frequency accelerating cavity, absorbing a large amount of energy and causing changes in the amplitude and phase of the electric field. If the high-frequency field of the accelerating cavity is not established in time, the beam may fail to be effectively captured and accelerated, impacting the vacuum tube wall or components, causing local overheating, activation, or even damage. After the beam pulse ends, the high-frequency field of the accelerating cavity must be shut down synchronously to avoid overheating of the cavity or damage to the high-frequency source due to no-load operation. In high-current pulsed proton accelerators, the synchronous start-up and shutdown of the beam and the high-frequency accelerating cavity feedforward is a core means to address beam load effects, pulse stability, equipment safety, and operating efficiency.
[0003] Currently, during the commissioning and operation of the high-intensity pulsed proton accelerator, the commands for turning the beam and the high-frequency accelerating cavity feedforward on and off are executed through the network of the accelerator's distributed control system. Due to the geographically dispersed location of the accelerator equipment, network congestion or network latency can cause the feedforward of the beam and the high-frequency system to fail to turn off or on synchronously within the same cycle. In some cases, the feedforward of the high-frequency system may continue for several cycles after the beam is turned off, or the feedforward of the high-frequency accelerating cavity may not be established even after the beam has been turned on for several cycles. This increases the operational risk of the accelerator and may even lead to equipment damage.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technical solution for synchronously controlling high-current pulsed proton accelerators. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system and method to solve the problem of high operational risk in the prior art.
[0006] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system, the beam synchronization control system including a beam control system, a particle source acceleration power supply system, a particle source extraction power supply system, and various high-frequency acceleration cavity systems;
[0007] The beam control system determines the beam mode and beam pulse width based on the received user beam output command, and synchronously sends boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source extraction power system. After receiving the position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system determines the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle based on the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously sends beam output event codes to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system based on the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle. The particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt upon receiving the corresponding event code. The corresponding event is executed in the hard interrupt to achieve beam and high-frequency feedforward synchronization.
[0008] Based on the further improvement of the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, after receiving the user's beam stop command, the beam control system synchronously sends a beam stop event code to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, and sends a voltage reduction event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system. After receiving the landing signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system sends an activation event code to the particle source lead-out power system.
[0009] Based on further improvements to the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the beam modes include single-pulse beam mode, multi-pulse width period switching beam mode, and single-pulse width period cyclic beam mode. In single-pulse beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width and only one cycle is extracted; In the multi-pulse width periodically switched beam mode, there are at least two beam pulse widths, and the different beam pulse widths are periodically switched. In the single-pulse-width periodic cyclic beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width, and at least two cycles are extracted.
[0010] Based on the further improvement of the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the beam control system includes a beam control module and a first event board; The event codes generated by the beam control module are transmitted to the first event board via the hardware bus; The first event board transmits the event code to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via fiber optic links.
[0011] Based on the further improvements to the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the particle source acceleration power supply system includes a particle source acceleration power supply, a particle source acceleration module, and a second event board. The second event board receives the boost event code or buck event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the boost event code or buck event code to the particle source acceleration module through the hardware bus; The particle source acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the boost event code or the buck event code to generate a particle source boost signal or a particle source buck signal, and transmits the particle source boost signal or the particle source buck signal to the second event board through the hardware bus; The second event board transmits the particle source pressurization signal or particle source depressurization signal to the particle source acceleration power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source acceleration power supply increases or decreases the voltage according to the particle source pressurization signal or the particle source depressurization signal; when the particle source acceleration voltage reaches the pressurization threshold or depressurization threshold, it generates a rise-to-position signal or a fall-to-position signal, and transmits the rise-to-position signal or fall-to-position signal to the first event board through the optical fiber link.
[0012] Based on the further improvement of the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the particle source extraction power supply system includes a particle source extraction power supply, a particle source extraction module, and a third event board. The third event board receives the shutdown event code or the start event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the shutdown event code or the start event code to the particle source extraction module through the hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the shutdown event code or the startup event code to generate a particle source shutdown signal or a particle source startup signal, and transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source startup signal to the third event board through the hardware bus; The third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable; the particle source power supply turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
[0013] Based on the further improvement of the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the third event board receives the beam output event code or beam stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam output event code or beam stop event code to the particle source extraction module through the hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, a particle source enable signal and a particle source disable signal are generated based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source enable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the particle source disable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code, generates a particle source shutdown signal in the hard interrupt, and simultaneously transmits the particle source shutdown signal to the third event board through the hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable; the particle source power supply turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
[0014] Based on the further improvements to the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the high-frequency acceleration cavity system includes a high-frequency acceleration cavity, a feedforward acceleration module, and a fourth event board. The fourth event board receives the beam output event code or beam stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam output event code or beam stop event code to the feedforward acceleration module through the hardware bus. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, it generates a high-frequency feedforward enable signal and a high-frequency feedforward disable signal based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The high-frequency feedforward enable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the high-frequency feedforward disable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code. In the hard interrupt, it generates a high-frequency feedforward disable signal and transmits the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the fourth event board via the hardware bus. The fourth event board transmits the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the high-frequency acceleration cavity via a coaxial cable; the high-frequency acceleration cavity is turned on or off according to the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal.
[0015] Based on the further improvement of the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system, the hardware bus can be any of the following buses: VME bus; PCIe bus; CPCI bus; AXI bus; PXI bus.
[0016] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for beam synchronization control of a high-current pulsed proton accelerator, the beam synchronization control method comprising: Based on the received user beam output command, determine the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously send boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source lead-out power system. After receiving the rise-to-position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time of each cycle are determined according to the beam mode and beam pulse width. The beam output event code is then sent to the particle source lead-out power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system in a synchronized manner according to the high-frequency feedforward voltage turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward voltage turn-off time of each cycle. Upon receiving the user's beam-stop command, the system simultaneously sends beam-stop event codes to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, as well as a voltage-down event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system; upon receiving the voltage-down signal from the particle source acceleration power supply system, it sends an activation event code to the particle source power supply system.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: The beam control system receives user commands and generates event codes, which are then transmitted via fiber optic links to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system. Upon receiving the corresponding event codes, the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt. The corresponding events are executed in the hard interrupt to achieve beam and high-frequency feedforward synchronization, thereby reducing the operational risks of the proton accelerator.
[0018] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a single-pulse-width periodic cyclic beam mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-pulse width period switching beam mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a single-pulse beam mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0021] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0022] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a beam synchronization control system for a high-current pulsed proton accelerator, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the beam synchronization control system includes a beam control system, a particle source acceleration power supply system, a particle source extraction power supply system, and various high-frequency acceleration cavity systems. The beam control system determines the beam mode and beam pulse width based on the received user beam output command, and synchronously sends boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source extraction power system. After receiving the position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system determines the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle based on the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously sends beam output event codes to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system based on the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle. The particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt upon receiving the corresponding event code. The corresponding event is executed in the hard interrupt to achieve beam and high-frequency feedforward synchronization.
[0023] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the beam control system is used to complete human-computer interaction with the user. The user inputs the desired beam pattern to the beam control system through the visual interface of the beam operating system. That is, the beam control system is used to receive the user's beam output command and the user's beam stop command.
[0024] Specifically, users can also configure the beam through Ethernet and the beam control system.
[0025] The beam control system generates event codes based on the received user commands, which include user beam exit commands and user beam stop commands.
[0026] Specifically, the beam control system receives user beam output commands, including settings such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The instructions for the beam mode shown are as follows: exist Figure 2 In the single-pulse width periodic cyclic beam mode shown, the user needs to set the beam pulse width, as well as the start and end times of the beam in each cycle. exist Figure 3 In the multi-pulse width period-switching beam mode shown, the user needs to set multiple beam pulse widths and their arrangement, as well as the start and end times for each cycle for different beam pulse widths. Figure 3 It includes two beam pulse widths, width A and width B, which are generated alternately in different cycles.
[0027] exist Figure 4 In the single-pulse beam mode shown, the user needs to set the beam pulse width, as well as the start and end times of the beam in one cycle.
[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the beam control system generates event codes based on the received user commands. The event codes are transmitted to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via fiber optic links.
[0029] Specifically, the beam control system determines the beam mode and beam pulse width based on the received user beam output command, and simultaneously sends boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source extraction power system.
[0030] Specifically, after receiving the boost event code, the particle source acceleration power supply system boosts the voltage of the particle source acceleration power supply until the voltage reaches the boost threshold, and then sends a boost-to-position signal to the beam control system.
[0031] Specifically, the particle source power supply system shuts down upon receiving a shutdown event code.
[0032] Understandably, the particle source acceleration power system is used to accelerate the proton beam, the particle source extraction power system is used to extract the protons generated in the particle source discharge chamber, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system is used to further accelerate the extracted proton beam.
[0033] Specifically, after receiving the position signal from the particle source accelerating power system, the beam control system sends beam exit event codes to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system. The particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system then turn on and off according to the received beam exit event codes.
[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt when they receive the corresponding event code. The corresponding event is executed in the hard interrupt to realize the synchronization of the beam and the high-frequency feedforward.
[0035] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, after receiving the user's beam-stop command, the beam control system simultaneously sends a beam-stop event code to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, and sends a voltage-drop event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system. After receiving the landing signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system sends an activation event code to the particle source lead-out power system.
[0036] Specifically, after receiving a user's beam-stop command, the beam control system generates a beam-stop event code and a voltage-decrease event code, and simultaneously sends the beam-stop event code to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, and sends the voltage-decrease event code to the particle source acceleration power system.
[0037] Specifically, after receiving the voltage reduction event code, the particle source acceleration power supply system triggers a hard interrupt to execute the voltage reduction event, and after the particle source acceleration power supply voltage reaches the voltage reduction threshold, it sends a voltage reduction signal to the beam control system. After receiving the beam stop event code, the particle source extraction power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt to execute the shutdown event.
[0038] Specifically, after receiving the landing signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system sends an activation event code to the particle source lead-out power system. Preferably, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the beam modes include a single-pulse beam mode, a multi-pulse width period switching beam mode, and a single-pulse width period cyclic beam mode. In single-pulse beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width and only one cycle is extracted; In the multi-pulse width periodically switched beam mode, there are at least two beam pulse widths, and the different beam pulse widths are periodically switched. In the single-pulse-width periodic cyclic beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width, and at least two cycles are extracted.
[0039] exist Figure 2 In the single-pulse width periodic cyclic beam mode shown, the user needs to set the beam pulse width, as well as the start and end times of the beam in each cycle. exist Figure 3 In the multi-pulse width period-switching beam mode shown, the user needs to set multiple beam pulse widths and their arrangement, as well as the start and end times for each cycle for different beam pulse widths. Figure 3 It includes two beam pulse widths, width A and width B, which are generated alternately in different cycles.
[0040] exist Figure 4 In the single-pulse beam mode shown, the user needs to set the beam pulse width, as well as the start and end times of the beam in one cycle.
[0041] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the beam control system includes a beam control module and a first event board; The event codes generated by the beam control module are transmitted to the first event board via the hardware bus; The first event board transmits the event code to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via fiber optic links.
[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the event code generated by the beam control module is transmitted to the first event board via the hardware bus. The first event board then transmits the event code to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via fiber optic links.
[0043] Specifically, the event codes include boost event codes, buck event codes, shutdown event codes, enable event codes, beam output event codes, and beam stop event codes; The first event board transmits the event code via fiber optic links to the particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system. Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the particle source acceleration power supply system includes a particle source acceleration power supply, a particle source acceleration module, and a second event board. The second event board receives the boost event code or buck event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the boost event code or buck event code to the particle source acceleration module through the hardware bus; The particle source acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the boost event code or the buck event code to generate a particle source boost signal or a particle source buck signal, and transmits the particle source boost signal or the particle source buck signal to the second event board through the hardware bus; The second event board transmits the particle source pressurization signal or particle source depressurization signal to the particle source acceleration power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source acceleration power supply increases or decreases the voltage according to the particle source pressurization signal or the particle source depressurization signal; when the particle source acceleration voltage reaches the pressurization threshold or depressurization threshold, it generates a rise-to-position signal or a fall-to-position signal, and transmits the rise-to-position signal or fall-to-position signal to the first event board through the optical fiber link.
[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the second event board receives the boost event code transmitted by the first event board, it transmits the boost event code to the particle source acceleration module through the hardware bus. The particle source acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt and generates a particle source pressurization signal in the hardware interrupt. The particle source pressurization signal is transmitted to the second event board through the hardware bus. The second event board transmits the particle source pressurization signal to the particle source acceleration power supply through a coaxial cable. The particle source acceleration power supply pressurizes the particle source according to the particle source pressurization signal.
[0045] It is worth noting that the particle source acceleration power supply monitors the particle source acceleration voltage in real time during the pressurization process. When the particle source acceleration voltage reaches the pressurization threshold, a rise-to-position signal is generated and transmitted to the first event board via an optical fiber link.
[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, when the second event board receives the buck event code transmitted by the first event board, it transmits the buck event code to the particle source acceleration module through the hardware bus. The particle source acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt and generates a particle source buck signal in the hardware interrupt. The particle source buck signal is then transmitted to the second event board through the hardware bus. The second event board transmits the particle source buck signal to the particle source acceleration power supply through a coaxial cable. The particle source acceleration power supply performs buck reduction according to the particle source buck signal.
[0047] It is worth noting that the particle source acceleration power supply monitors the particle source acceleration voltage in real time during the step-down process. When the particle source acceleration voltage reaches the step-down threshold, a step-down signal is generated and transmitted to the first event board via an optical fiber link.
[0048] It is worth noting that the pressurization threshold or depressurization threshold should be set reasonably according to the actual situation of the proton accelerator. For example, the depressurization threshold is set to 0.
[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first event board transmits the received rise-to-position signal or fall-to-position signal to the beam control system via the hardware bus. After receiving the rise-to-position signal, the beam control system generates a beam by controlling the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system.
[0050] It is worth noting that when the proton accelerator is not in operation, the particle source acceleration voltage in the particle source acceleration power supply system is lower than the step-down threshold, and the particle source extraction power supply system is turned on at this time. In this state, since the proton beam extracted from the particle source discharge chamber is not accelerated, the entire proton accelerator does not generate a beam and is in a non-operational state.
[0051] When the beam control system receives a user's beam output command, it needs to generate a beam. At this time, the beam control system simultaneously sends a boost event code to the particle source acceleration power system and a shutdown event code to the particle source extraction power system. When the beam control system receives a user's beam stop command, it sends a beam stop event code to the particle source extraction power system.
[0052] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the particle source extraction power supply system includes a particle source extraction power supply, a particle source extraction module, and a third event board; The third event board receives the shutdown event code or the start event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the shutdown event code or the start event code to the particle source extraction module through the hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the shutdown event code or the startup event code to generate a particle source shutdown signal or a particle source startup signal, and transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source startup signal to the third event board through the hardware bus; The third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable; the particle source power supply turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
[0053] Specifically, when the third event board receives the shutdown event code transmitted by the first event board, it transmits the shutdown event code to the particle source extraction module via the hardware bus. In the particle source extraction module, a hardware interrupt is triggered based on the shutdown event code to generate a particle source shutdown signal, which is then transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source shutdown signal to the particle source extraction power supply via a coaxial cable, and the particle source extraction power supply is shut down under the control of the particle source shutdown signal.
[0054] Specifically, when the third event board receives the enable event code transmitted by the first event board, it transmits the enable event code to the particle source extraction module via the hardware bus. In the particle source extraction module, a hardware interrupt is triggered based on the enable event code to generate a particle source enable signal, which is then transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source enable signal to the particle source extraction power supply via a coaxial cable, and the particle source extraction power supply is turned on under the control of the particle source enable signal.
[0055] It is worth noting that after receiving the rise-to-position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the first event board determines the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time for each cycle based on the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously sends the beam output event code to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system according to the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time for each cycle.
[0056] It is worth noting that after receiving the user's beam stop command, the beam control module simultaneously sends a beam stop event code to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system, as well as a voltage reduction event code to the particle source accelerating power supply system; after receiving the voltage reduction signal from the particle source accelerating power supply system, it sends an activation event code to the particle source power supply system.
[0057] Preferably, the third event board receives the beam-out event code or beam-stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam-out event code or beam-stop event code to the particle source extraction module through the hardware bus; The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, a particle source enable signal and a particle source disable signal are generated based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source enable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the particle source disable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code, generates a particle source shutdown signal in the hard interrupt, and simultaneously transmits the particle source shutdown signal to the third event board through the hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable; the particle source power supply turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
[0058] It is worth noting that after receiving the rise-to-position signal from the particle source acceleration power supply, the beam control module generates a beam exit event code and simultaneously transmits the beam exit event code to the particle source extraction power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system.
[0059] Specifically, when the third event board receives the beam output event code transmitted by the first event board, it triggers a hard interrupt. The beam output event code is parsed to obtain the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. Based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time, a particle source enable signal and a particle source disable signal are generated. The particle source enable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the particle source disable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time.
[0060] Specifically, the particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code, generates a particle source shutdown signal in the hard interrupt, and simultaneously transmits the particle source shutdown signal to the third event board through the hardware bus.
[0061] Specifically, the third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source power supply then turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
[0062] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, each high-frequency acceleration cavity system includes a high-frequency acceleration cavity, a feedforward acceleration module, and a fourth event board; The fourth event board receives the beam output event code or beam stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam output event code or beam stop event code to the feedforward acceleration module through the hardware bus. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, it generates a high-frequency feedforward enable signal and a high-frequency feedforward disable signal based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The high-frequency feedforward enable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the high-frequency feedforward disable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The fourth event board transmits the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the high-frequency acceleration cavity via a coaxial cable; the high-frequency acceleration cavity is turned on or off according to the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal.
[0063] Specifically, when the fourth event board receives the beam output event code transmitted by the first event board, it transmits the beam output event code to the feedforward acceleration module via the hardware bus. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hardware interrupt, it parses the beam output event code to obtain the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. At the same time, it generates a high-frequency feedforward enable signal and a high-frequency feedforward disable signal based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable signal. Finally, it transmits the high-frequency feedforward enable signal to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The fourth event board transmits the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the high-frequency acceleration cavity via a coaxial cable. The high-frequency acceleration cavity turns on or off according to the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal.
[0064] Specifically, the feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the stop event code, generates a high-frequency feedforward shutdown signal in the hard interrupt, and transmits the high-frequency feedforward shutdown signal to the fourth event board through the hardware bus; the fourth event board transmits the high-frequency feedforward shutdown signal to the high-frequency acceleration cavity through a coaxial cable, and the high-frequency acceleration cavity shuts down according to the high-frequency feedforward shutdown signal.
[0065] Preferably, the hardware bus is any one of the following buses: VME bus; PCIe bus; CPCI bus; AXI bus; PXI bus.
[0066] Specifically, the VME bus is a high-real-time industrial control parallel bus, known for its extremely high reliability, determinism and modular design. It adopts a robust Eurocopter mechanical structure, supports multi-master arbitration, and ensures microsecond-level deterministic response in harsh environments.
[0067] Specifically, the PCIe bus is the absolute mainstream high-speed serial bus standard for modern PCs and servers. It adopts a point-to-point link and switching architecture, and linearly increases bandwidth by increasing the number of channels (x1, x4, x8, x16, etc.), completely solving the bandwidth bottleneck of traditional shared buses. With its extremely high data throughput (such as PCIe 4.0 x16 bandwidth up to 32 GB / s) and widespread ecosystem, PCIe is used in occasions that require extremely high I / O performance.
[0068] Specifically, the CPCI bus is an "industrial-rugged version of the PCI bus." It is fully compatible with the standard PCI in terms of electrical logic, but the physical connectors are replaced with high-density Euro-type connectors, which have better resistance to vibration, shock and heat dissipation. It is also the first to support hot-swapping. While retaining the advantages of low cost and easy development of the PC architecture, it provides industrial-grade reliability.
[0069] Specifically, the AXI bus is part of the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) proposed by ARM. It is a high-performance on-chip interconnect protocol designed to connect the processor core, DSP, memory controller and high-speed peripheral IP core inside the FPGA or SoC chip. Its features include support for high-frequency, high-bandwidth and low-latency burst transmission.
[0070] Specifically, the PXI bus is "a CPCI bus enhanced for test, measurement and automation". On the robust mechanical and electrical foundation of CPCI, it adds a reference clock, trigger bus and star trigger line designed specifically for instrument synchronization, enabling nanosecond-level synchronization between multiple modules.
[0071] Preferably, the first event board adopts any one of the following: VME-EVG-230; VME-EVM-300; mTCA-EVM-300; Preferably, the second event board, the third event board, or the fourth event board adopts any one of the following: VME-EVR-230; VME-EVR-300; cPCI-EVR-300; mTCA-EVR-300RF.
[0072] Specifically, the VME-EVG-230 is a basic event generator based on the VME bus. As the core of the timing system's "master clock," it receives an external reference clock and is responsible for generating and distributing event codes and synchronization trigger signals to the entire accelerator network. It is the fundamental main control module for building a distributed event synchronization system.
[0073] Specifically, the VME-EVR-230 is a basic event receiver based on the VME bus. Deployed in a distributed slave network, it receives event codes from the EVG and generates multiple precisely timed trigger pulse outputs according to a preset mapping relationship to control the synchronous operation of local devices.
[0074] Specifically, the VME-EVM-300 is a high-performance upgrade of the VME-EVG-230 event generator. Its core improvement lies in its support for receiving clock and event signals via fiber optic input, offering higher accuracy, lower jitter, and more powerful event code processing and distribution capabilities, making it suitable for large accelerator facilities with extremely demanding synchronization and timing requirements.
[0075] Specifically, the VME-EVR-300 is a high-performance upgraded event receiver of the VME-EVR-230. It also emphasizes support for fiber optic links, achieving ultra-low jitter (typically <10 picoseconds) trigger output, ensuring extremely high time determinism in the actions of each slave device, and is currently the standard event receiving unit for high-performance timing systems.
[0076] Specifically, the cPCI-EVR-300 is a high-performance event receiver based on the CompactPCI bus architecture. Its core functions and performance indicators (such as low jitter) are completely consistent with the VME-EVR-300. The main difference is that it adopts the mechanical and electrical standards of cPCI and is suitable for industrial control or experimental systems using cPCI chassis.
[0077] Specifically, the mTCA-EVM-300 is a high-performance event generator designed specifically for modern MicroTCA architectures. Leveraging the high bandwidth, high integration, and advanced management features of the mTCA platform, it provides clock and event distribution capabilities comparable to or even stronger than the VME-EVM-300, while better meeting the backplane performance requirements of future high-speed data acquisition and complex control systems.
[0078] Specifically, the mTCA-EVR-300RF is an enhanced mTCA event receiver. Building upon standard high-performance event reception capabilities, it integrates a programmable RF clock generator, enabling direct output of flexibly adjustable RF signals. This makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring synchronous driving of RF accelerator cavities or other precision RF equipment, achieving integrated timing triggering and RF speed control.
[0079] Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for beam synchronization control of a high-current pulsed proton accelerator, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the beam synchronization control method includes: Step S501: Determine the beam mode and beam pulse width according to the received user beam output command, and synchronously send a boost event code to the particle source acceleration power system and a shutdown event code to the particle source lead-out power system. Step S502: After receiving the rise-to-position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, determine the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time for each cycle according to the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously send the beam output event code to the particle source lead-out power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system according to the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time for each cycle. Step S503: After receiving the user's beam-stop instruction, simultaneously send a beam-stop event code to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, and send a voltage-down event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system; after receiving the voltage-down signal from the particle source acceleration power supply system, send an activation event code to the particle source power supply system.
[0080] Specifically, the state of a proton accelerator is divided into the beam-stopping phase, the beam-on phase, the beam-out phase, and the beam-off phase.
[0081] Specifically, the beam synchronization control method provided in this embodiment of the invention is applied to the above-mentioned beam synchronization control system.
[0082] Specifically, when the beam synchronization control system receives a beam exit command from the user, the proton accelerator transitions from the beam-stopping phase to the beam-on phase: During the startup phase, the beam synchronization control system determines the beam mode and beam pulse width based on the received user beam output command, and synchronously sends a boost event code to the particle source accelerating power system and a shutdown event code to the particle source extraction power system. Upon receiving the boost event code, the particle source accelerating power system begins to gradually boost the particle source accelerating power supply voltage, monitors the voltage in real time, and determines whether the voltage has reached the boost threshold. When the voltage reaches the boost threshold, the particle source accelerating power supply system generates a boost-to-complete signal and transmits it to the beam synchronization control system. Upon receiving the shutdown event code, the particle source extraction power system shuts down to prevent the beam generated in the particle source accelerating power system from exiting prematurely.
[0083] Specifically, after the beam synchronization control system receives the up-to-position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the proton accelerator transitions from the start-up phase to the beam output phase: During the beam exit phase, the beam current that can be generated is as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the beam synchronization control system determines the high-frequency feedforward on-time and off-time for each cycle based on the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously sends beam output event codes to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system according to the high-frequency feedforward on-time and off-time for each cycle. Upon receiving the beam output event codes, the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system immediately turn on or off according to the high-frequency feedforward on-time and off-time for each cycle, generating beam output events such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The beam shown.
[0084] Specifically, when the beam synchronization control system receives a user's beam-stop command, the proton accelerator transitions from the beam-out phase to the shutdown phase: During the shutdown phase, the beam synchronization control system synchronously sends a beam stop event code to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system, as well as a voltage reduction event code to the particle source accelerating power system. Upon receiving the beam stop event code, the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system shut down. Upon receiving the voltage reduction event code, the particle source accelerating power system begins to reduce the particle source accelerating power supply voltage and monitors the voltage in real time. When the voltage reaches the voltage reduction threshold, it generates a voltage reduction complete signal and transmits it to the beam synchronization control system. Upon receiving the voltage reduction complete signal from the particle source accelerating power system, the beam synchronization control system sends an activation event code to the particle source extraction power system, which then activates upon receiving the activation event code.
[0085] It is worth noting that the beam pulse width is typically tens of microseconds to 1 ms, while the beam repetition period is tens of ms to hundreds of ms (e.g., 20 ms per cycle at 50 Hz). Therefore, the time occupied by the beam pulse width is much shorter than the beam repetition period, leaving tens of ms for synchronization. With the beam synchronization control method and system provided in this invention, at a distance of 500 meters (typically less than 500 meters for fiber optic connections in proton accelerators), the time overhead for sending event codes through the event timing system is approximately 3 microseconds, and the time overhead for the event board to generate a hard interrupt and call the interrupt response program is less than 1 ms (approximately several hundred microseconds). This can be strictly completed within one beam cycle, achieving more precise beam control and greatly reducing the operational risks of the proton accelerator.
[0086] Compared with the prior art, the high-current pulsed proton accelerator beam synchronization control system and method provided by the present invention utilizes the beam control system to receive user beam output commands and generate event codes. The event codes are transmitted to the particle source accelerating power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system via optical fiber links. Upon receiving the corresponding event codes, the particle source accelerating power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system trigger a hard interrupt. The corresponding events are executed in the hard interrupt to achieve beam and high-frequency feedforward synchronization, thereby reducing the operational risks of the proton accelerator.
[0087] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.
[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A system for beam synchronization control of a high-current pulsed proton accelerator, characterized in that, The beam synchronization control system includes a beam control system, a particle source acceleration power supply system, a particle source extraction power supply system, and various high-frequency acceleration cavity systems. The beam control system determines the beam mode and beam pulse width based on the received user beam output command, and synchronously sends boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source extraction power system. After receiving the position signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system determines the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle based on the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously sends beam output event codes to the particle source extraction power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system based on the high-frequency feedforward on-time and high-frequency feedforward off-time for each cycle. After receiving the user's beam stop command, the beam control system simultaneously sends beam stop event codes to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, as well as a voltage reduction event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system. After receiving the landing signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the beam control system sends an activation event code to the particle source lead-out power system. The beam control system includes a beam control module and a first event board; the event code generated by the beam control module is transmitted to the first event board via a hardware bus; the first event board transmits the event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system, the particle source extraction power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via an optical fiber link. The particle source extraction power system includes a particle source extraction power supply, a particle source extraction module, and a third event board. The third event board receives a shutdown event code or an activation event code transmitted from the first event board and transmits the shutdown event code or activation event code to the particle source extraction module via a hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the shutdown event code or activation event code to generate a particle source shutdown signal or a particle source activation signal, and transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal to the third event board via a hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal to the particle source extraction power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source extraction power supply shuts down or turns on based on the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal. The particle source acceleration power system, the particle source extraction power system, and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system trigger a hard interrupt upon receiving the corresponding event code. The corresponding event is executed in the hard interrupt to achieve beam and high-frequency feedforward synchronization.
2. The beam synchronous manipulation system of claim 1, wherein, The beam modes include single-pulse beam mode, multi-pulse width period switching beam mode, and single-pulse width period cyclic beam mode. In single-pulse beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width and only one cycle is extracted; In the multi-pulse width periodically switched beam mode, there are at least two beam pulse widths, and the different beam pulse widths are periodically switched. In the single-pulse-width periodic cyclic beam mode, there is only one beam pulse width, and at least two cycles are extracted.
3. The beam synchronization control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle source acceleration power system includes a particle source acceleration power supply, a particle source acceleration module, and a second event board. The second event board receives the boost event code or buck event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the boost event code or buck event code to the particle source acceleration module through the hardware bus; The particle source acceleration module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the boost event code or the buck event code to generate a particle source boost signal or a particle source buck signal, and transmits the particle source boost signal or the particle source buck signal to the second event board through the hardware bus; The second event board transmits the particle source pressurization signal or particle source depressurization signal to the particle source acceleration power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source acceleration power supply increases or decreases the voltage according to the particle source pressurization signal or the particle source depressurization signal; when the particle source acceleration voltage reaches the pressurization threshold or depressurization threshold, it generates a rise-to-position signal or a fall-to-position signal and transmits the rise-to-position signal or fall-to-position signal to the first event board through the optical fiber link.
4. The beam synchronization control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third event board receives the beam-out event code or beam-stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam-out event code or beam-stop event code to the particle source extraction module through the hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, a particle source enable signal and a particle source disable signal are generated based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source enable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the particle source disable signal is transmitted to the third event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The particle source extraction module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code, generates a particle source shutdown signal in the hard interrupt, and simultaneously transmits the particle source shutdown signal to the third event board through the hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source off signal or particle source on signal to the particle source power supply via a coaxial cable; the particle source power supply turns off or on according to the particle source off signal or particle source on signal.
5. The beam synchronization control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency acceleration cavity system includes a high-frequency acceleration cavity, a feedforward acceleration module, and a fourth event board. The fourth event board receives the beam output event code or beam stop event code transmitted by the first event board, and transmits the beam output event code or beam stop event code to the feedforward acceleration module through the hardware bus. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam output event code. In the hard interrupt, it generates a high-frequency feedforward enable signal and a high-frequency feedforward disable signal based on the high-frequency feedforward enable time and the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The high-frequency feedforward enable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward enable time, and the high-frequency feedforward disable signal is transmitted to the fourth event board via the hardware bus according to the high-frequency feedforward disable time. The feedforward acceleration module triggers a hard interrupt based on the beam stop event code. In the hard interrupt, it generates a high-frequency feedforward disable signal and transmits the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the fourth event board via the hardware bus. The fourth event board transmits the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal to the high-frequency acceleration cavity via a coaxial cable; the high-frequency acceleration cavity is turned on or off according to the high-frequency feedforward enable signal or the high-frequency feedforward disable signal.
6. The beam synchronization control system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The hardware bus is any one of the following buses: VME bus; PCIe bus; CPCI bus; AXI bus; PXI bus.
7. A method for beam synchronization control of a high-current pulsed proton accelerator, characterized in that, The beam synchronization control method includes: Based on the received user beam output command, determine the beam mode and beam pulse width, and synchronously send boost event codes to the particle source acceleration power system and shutdown event codes to the particle source lead-out power system. After receiving the user's beam stop command, the beam control system simultaneously sends a beam stop event code to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency accelerating cavity system, as well as a voltage reduction event code to the particle source accelerating power supply system; after receiving the voltage reduction signal from the particle source accelerating power supply system, the beam control system sends an activation event code to the particle source power supply system. The beam control system includes a beam control module and a first event board; the event code generated by the beam control module is transmitted to the first event board via a hardware bus; the first event board transmits the event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system, the particle source extraction power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system via an optical fiber link. The particle source extraction power system includes a particle source extraction power supply, a particle source extraction module, and a third event board. The third event board receives a shutdown event code or an activation event code transmitted from the first event board and transmits the shutdown event code or activation event code to the particle source extraction module via a hardware bus. The particle source extraction module triggers a hardware interrupt based on the shutdown event code or activation event code to generate a particle source shutdown signal or a particle source activation signal, and transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal to the third event board via a hardware bus. The third event board transmits the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal to the particle source extraction power supply via a coaxial cable. The particle source extraction power supply shuts down or turns on based on the particle source shutdown signal or particle source activation signal. After receiving the rise signal from the particle source acceleration power system, the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time of each cycle are determined according to the beam mode and beam pulse width. Then, the beam output event code is sent to the particle source lead-out power system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system in a synchronized manner according to the high-frequency feedforward turn-on time and high-frequency feedforward turn-off time of each cycle. Upon receiving the user's beam-stop command, the system simultaneously sends beam-stop event codes to the particle source power supply system and each high-frequency acceleration cavity system, as well as a voltage-down event code to the particle source acceleration power supply system; upon receiving the voltage-down signal from the particle source acceleration power supply system, it sends an activation event code to the particle source power supply system.