A pre-embedded pipe network energy storage battery module combustion suppression system and a combustion suppression method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage safety protection, in particular to a pre-embedded pipe network energy storage battery module combustion suppression system and a combustion suppression method thereof. In the combustion suppression system, a bionic shunt pipe network is pre-embedded in a battery module and is integrally formed with a support structure of the module, the bionic shunt pipe network comprises a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, the end of each branch pipe is integrated with a nozzle unit facing a corresponding battery cell safety valve, a Helmholtz resonator cavity is integrated in the nozzle unit, and a terminal actuator with unique frequency response characteristics is formed, a combustion suppression medium driving unit provides adjustable frequency pulsating foam flow combustion suppression medium to the bionic shunt pipe network through a main pipe input end, and a multi-modal sensing and decision control unit fuses multi-source signal data to locate a thermal runaway area and map to a corresponding branch. The combustion suppression system and the combustion suppression method have the advantages of target point preferential flow supply and jetting of high-pressure resonance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage safety protection technology, and in particular to a flame suppression system and method for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion battery modules used in energy storage power stations may experience thermal runaway under conditions such as overcharging, internal short circuits, mechanical damage, or thermal abuse. Thermal runaway often starts locally in a single cell and rapidly propagates to adjacent cells, accompanied by the opening of safety valves, the ejection of high-temperature flammable gas, flames, and a large release of heat, resulting in an extremely short "response window." Against this backdrop, existing fire prevention and control methods for energy storage systems generally employ cluster-level or compartment-level fire suppression systems or external injection into the battery pack or module. While these methods possess a certain degree of global suppression capability, they still have significant shortcomings in addressing near-source situations related to the injection points of the safety valves within the modules, exhibiting the following problems:

[0003] First, the extinguishing agent has a long path to reach the heat source and a slow response, making it difficult to carry out near-source and targeted treatment of the battery module.

[0004] Second, traditional fire extinguishing pipe networks are mostly statically distributed, making it difficult to achieve priority flow in multiple branches. At the same time, blockages and leaks are common and difficult to detect in a timely manner.

[0005] 3. Spraying at the nozzle tip is often affected by pipeline resistance, two-phase flow separation, micropore blockage, etc., resulting in insufficient spray intensity and repeatability.

[0006] IV. Existing foam extinguishing agents or gas extinguishing systems are mostly global release or simple zone release, which cannot allocate the extinguishing agent flow rate according to the specific thermal runaway location and heat load. This often results in insufficient extinguishing agent in some areas and excessive extinguishing agent in other areas.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire suppression system and method for the interior of energy storage battery modules, which can achieve near-source early suppression of cell-level thermal runaway within the module without significantly sacrificing the volume and energy density of the battery module. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module flame suppression system and flame suppression method. The flame suppression system and flame suppression method have the advantages of being able to identify the location of battery thermal runaway, controllable delivery of fire extinguishing agent, priority flow supply to target points, and high-voltage resonance of spray.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] This application proposes a pre-embedded pipeline network for flame suppression of energy storage battery modules, including a biomimetic shunt network, a flame suppression medium driving unit, a dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit, and a multi-modal sensing and decision control unit. The biomimetic shunt network is pre-embedded inside the battery module and integrally formed with the module's support structure. The biomimetic shunt network includes a main pipeline and multiple branch pipelines. The end of each branch pipeline integrates a nozzle unit facing the corresponding cell safety valve. Each nozzle unit integrates a Helmholtz resonant cavity, forming an end effector with a unique frequency response characteristic. The flame suppression... The medium driving unit provides a frequency-adjustable pulsating foam flame-suppressing medium to the biomimetic branch network through the main pipeline input terminal; the multi-modal sensing and decision control unit integrates multi-source signal data to locate the thermal runaway region and maps it to the corresponding branch; the dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit cooperates with the flame-suppressing medium driving unit to identify the fluid parameters at the end of each branch online through frequency sweep excitation, track the natural frequency of each nozzle unit in real time and lock the target branch, and drive the flame-suppressing medium driving unit at this frequency to excite the target nozzle unit to resonate in order to achieve priority flow supply and efficient injection of the target branch.

[0011] To optimize the above solution, the following technical measures were also adopted:

[0012] As one of the preferred methods, the biomimetic shunt network includes at least one main pipeline laid along the direction of the battery module cell array, a primary branch pipeline branched from the main pipeline, two secondary branch pipelines formed by the bifurcation of the end of the primary branch pipeline, and two tertiary branch pipelines formed by the bifurcation of the end of each secondary branch pipeline.

[0013] Each of the three-level branch pipelines is connected to a nozzle unit at its end. The nozzle units corresponding to the two three-level branch pipelines are symmetrically arranged above a battery cell safety valve and point towards the center of the safety valve so as to spray the flame-suppressing medium onto the safety valve in a cross-covering manner.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the nozzle unit includes an injection valve and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The inner cavity of the injection valve is divided into a branch pipe connection section, a resonant pressurizing section, and a constriction throat section along the medium conveying direction. The branch pipe connection section is connected to a three-level branch pipeline, and the constriction throat section is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The diameter of the resonant pressurizing section is larger than that of the branch pipe connection section and the constriction throat section. A central block is provided at the front of the resonant pressurizing section, and an annular gap is formed between the central block and the inner wall of the resonant pressurizing section. The resonant pressurizing section between the annular gap and the constriction throat section forms a Helmholtz resonant pressurizing zone to achieve resonant enhanced injection of the flame-suppressing medium.

[0015] Each tertiary branch pipeline and its nozzle unit are defined as a whole as a tertiary branch, and the parameters of each tertiary branch are designed to satisfy the following frequency relationship:

[0016]

[0017] in, Let be the natural frequency of the branch, c be the speed of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam, A be the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular slit, and Le be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit. This refers to the volume of the Helmholtz resonant booster region.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the flame-suppressing medium driving unit includes a flame-suppressing medium storage tank, a gas source driving module, an injection control module, a foam proportioning mixing module, a high-frequency pulsation generation module, and a viscosity online adjustment module. The flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the gas source driving module are respectively connected to the input end of the foam proportioning mixing module. The output end of the foam proportioning mixing module is connected to the input end of the high-frequency pulsation generation module. The output end of the high-frequency pulsation generation module is connected to the input end of the main pipeline, and is used to apply a pulsating pressure wave of a set frequency to the foam flow flame-suppressing medium to drive the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. The viscosity online adjustment module is connected to the main pipeline and is used to adjust the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium online. The injection control module includes a solenoid valve disposed between the flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the foam proportioning mixing module and a pulse valve disposed between the gas source driving module and the foam proportioning mixing module.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the diameters of the main pipeline and each branch pipeline are set according to a biomimetic power law relationship that decreases progressively from the main pipeline to the branch pipeline, and the radius relationship between the main pipeline and each branch pipeline satisfies:

[0020]

[0021] The relationship between the lengths of the main pipeline and the branch pipelines is expressed as follows:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula The biomimetic index is determined by actual flow resistance testing and target allocation strategy calibration. For the main road radius, The radius of the secondary branch pipeline, For the length of the main road, The length of the secondary branch pipeline. The structural index is determined by both actual flow resistance testing and installation space constraints, where n represents the total number of secondary branch pipes.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the multimodal sensing and decision control unit includes a multi-source sensing acquisition module, a controller module, a BMS data interface module, and a communication module. The multi-source sensing acquisition module is used to acquire thermal runaway state parameters of the energy storage battery module and fluid state parameters of the biomimetic shunt network. The BMS data interface module is communicatively connected to the battery management system and is used to acquire the module cell voltage. Temperature rise rate The controller module is used to: determine the thermal runaway risk area based on the state parameters obtained by the multi-source sensor acquisition module and the variable characteristic parameters obtained by the BMS data interface module; establish a fixed mapping table to map the risk area location information to the three-level branch pipeline and nozzle unit index to obtain the target enhancement branch index; use the recursive least squares algorithm to calculate the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch in real time and realize adaptive change tracking; and set the pulsating pressure wave frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit to be equal to the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch.

[0025] As one of the preferred methods, the multi-source sensing acquisition module includes a gas sensor array, a distributed fiber optic temperature measurement device, a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor, a miniature pressure sensor, an infrared thermal imaging microarray, and an acoustic emission sensor.

[0026] The gas sensor array is arranged at the top and bottom of the battery module to collect gas concentration parameters at the top and bottom of the battery module in real time.

[0027] The sensing fiber of the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement device is closely laid on the tabs and sidewall surfaces of each cell in the battery module to collect temperature parameters in the battery module in real time.

[0028] The optical fiber of the distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor is spirally wound on the primary or secondary branch pipeline, and realizes pipeline pulsation propagation identification, frequency sweep response observation and resonant jet parameter adaptive feedback by locating abnormal vibration sources.

[0029] The miniature pressure sensor is installed at the node of the pipeline to collect parameter characteristic data of pressure, pressure difference and pressure pulsation amplitude at the node in real time, so as to monitor the supply status of the flame-suppressing medium and the branch suction status in real time.

[0030] The infrared thermal imaging microarray and acoustic emission sensor are embedded in the double sidewalls of each cell to visualize the temperature field of the battery module and capture mechanical wave signals of short circuits and lithium plating inside the battery.

[0031] A flame suppression method for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules is also proposed. Based on the aforementioned flame suppression system for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules, each three-level branch pipeline and its nozzle unit are defined as a whole as a three-level branch, including the following steps:

[0032] S1. Calculate the natural angular frequency of each third branch according to the following formula:

[0033] ,

[0034]

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] in, Let i be the natural angular frequency of the third-order branch. Let be the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap in the third-order branch i. Let be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit in the third-order branch i. The volume of the Helmholtz resonant booster region for the third-order branch i. The equivalent density of the flame-suppressing medium, The equivalent bulk modulus of the flame-suppressing medium. The equivalent liquid volume of the resonant boosting region of the third-order branch i. The gas phase density in the flame-suppressing medium. The density of the liquid phase in the flame-suppressing medium. The velocity of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam flow, is measured by a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor. It is the volume fraction. The foaming ratio of the foam flow;

[0038] S2, through differentiated design and This makes the natural frequencies of each third-level branch... Within the frequency domain, a minimum separation threshold is met to form a distinguishable frequency response tag;

[0039] S3. Under safe disturbance conditions, perform frequency sweeping or encoding of pressure waves on the biomimetic shunt network, collect baseline frequency response data for each third-level branch, obtain the baseline impedance fingerprint vector according to the following formula, and establish a baseline impedance fingerprint database accordingly. ;

[0040]

[0041] In the formula Let i be the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of the third-order branch i. Let i be the peak angular frequency of the frequency response of the third-order branch i. For peak gain, For the bandwidth of the third-level branch i, Peak phase;

[0042] S4. Based on the nozzle unit position and cell number corresponding to each tertiary branch pipeline, establish a fixed mapping table of "cell number - nozzle unit array - tertiary branch pipeline";

[0043] S5. During system standby or operation intervals, control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to apply a frequency-sweeping pressure wave to the main pipeline inlet. The frequency range is 1–50 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.05–0.2 MPa. The flow response of each tertiary branch is collected synchronously. Calculate the pressure-flow transfer function:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, The measured value of the frequency response tag. Let i be the amplitude of the flow pulsation. The pressure pulsation amplitude at the public inlet of the pipeline network;

[0046] Obtain the frequency response curves of each third-level branch, thus forming a complete frequency response dataset for each third-level branch;

[0047] S6. Based on the frequency response curve and frequency response dataset, each third-level branch is equivalent to a second-order fluid circuit model, and its impedance relationship is:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula Let j represent the equivalent flow resistance of the third-order branch i, where j denotes the imaginary unit. For the equivalent fluid sensation of the third-order branch i, Let ω be the equivalent liquid volume of the third-order branch i, ω be the angular frequency of the pulsating pressure wave, and f be the pulsating frequency variable.

[0050] S7. Using the recursive least squares online identification algorithm, based on actual measurements... Real-time updates of equivalent parameters for each branch Therefore, the natural frequencies of each of the current third-level branches can be calculated. To achieve adaptive tracking of inherent frequency changes:

[0051]

[0052] S8. Identify thermal runaway risk areas through the multi-source sensor acquisition module and BMS data interface module, and directly determine the target enhancement branch index through a preset fixed mapping table. The driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit will be adjusted. Set to equal to the intrinsic frequency of the target enhancement branch. This allows the resonant boosting zone of the target enhancement branch to undergo gas-liquid phase coupling resonance under pulsating pressure excitation, thereby achieving resonant enhancement injection of the flame-suppressing medium.

[0053] As one of the preferred methods, S8 specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] S8-1. Based on the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area and the corresponding cell number, determine the target tertiary branch index using the fixed mapping table of "cell number – nozzle unit array – tertiary branch pipeline". If the risk area involves multiple candidate branches, a weighted Euclidean distance matching is performed to confirm the exact branch based on the nearest neighbor principle.

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, As the target third-level branch index being addressed. For the target fingerprint vector, based on the baseline impedance fingerprint database Obtain the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of the target candidate branch. Let i be the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of candidate branch i. w represents the weighted Euclidean distance;

[0057] S8-2. Calculate the target tertiary branch from the updated model parameters. Natural frequency:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent fluid sensation Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent liquid volume;

[0060] S8-3. Determine the optimal driving frequency. To maximize the admittance of the target branch, the driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is set as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula For the optimal driving frequency, Enhance the third-level branch for the target Complex frequency domain impedance, To find the independent variable corresponding to the maximum value, Enhance the third-level branch for the target The larger the admittance, the greater the flow rate obtained by the third-level branch under the same pressure.

[0063] S8-4, Control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to drive the frequency Output pulsating pressure waves to enhance the target's three-level branch. This generates fluid resonance, allowing for preferential flow distribution under the same supply pressure.

[0064] As a preferred method, before step S8-1, the temperature rise rate of the cells in each monitoring area within the battery module is extracted from the BMS data interface module and the multi-source sensor acquisition module. Voltage change rate Gas concentration change rate and local pressure pulsation changes in the pipeline network The characteristic parameters are calculated using a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion algorithm to determine the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area with the highest probability and the corresponding cell number. Two levels of thresholds are set based on the energy storage battery module type and calibration results. When the first level threshold is reached, the system enters the warning state and executes the warning state strategy. When the second level threshold is met, the system enters the disposal state and executes the disposal state strategy.

[0065] Because of the above-described solutions, one or more technical solutions provided in this application embodiment have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0066] Firstly, in this flame suppression system, the biomimetic branching network for conveying the foam flame-suppressing medium adopts a biomimetic design, facilitating high-speed distribution and pressure pumping of the flame-suppressing medium. Each branch's nozzle unit integrates a Helmholtz resonant cavity. Based on the design of the Helmholtz resonant cavity's dimensions, each nozzle unit, or branch, constitutes an end effector with a unique frequency response characteristic; that is, the natural frequencies of each branch are unique or mutually exclusive. On this basis, a multimodal sensing and decision control unit senses the thermal runaway risk area and maps it to the corresponding branch, utilizing dynamic impedance addressing and... The resonant enhancement unit identifies fluid parameters at the end of each branch in real time through frequency sweeping, such as flow rate under a specific pressure. Based on the impedance relationship, it uses the least squares algorithm to track the natural frequency of each nozzle unit in real time and lock the target branch. On this basis, the flame-suppressing medium drive unit is driven to output pulsating pressure waves at this frequency to deliver the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. The target nozzle unit is excited to resonate using the Helmholtz resonance principle to achieve priority flow supply and efficient injection to the target branch. Thus, without sacrificing the battery module volume and energy density, it improves the near-source early suppression of cell-level thermal runaway in the module.

[0067] Furthermore, the Helmholtz resonant cavity of the target branch enables the foam flow of the same frequency to undergo gas-liquid phase coupling resonance under pulsating pressure excitation, resulting in the minimum impedance and maximum admittance of the current branch, while the impedance of other branches of the same level increases relatively. This allows the flame-suppressing medium to reach the vicinity of the safety valve of the high-risk cell through the shortest path inside the energy storage battery module. Upstream of the ejection section of the current nozzle unit, the foam flow flame-suppressing medium can generate acceleration and / or swirling flow, forming a highly efficient swirling atomized jet. In other words, it achieves "targeted release" of the thermal runaway risk area in the form of high-pressure resonance and rotating jet. Attached Figure Description

[0068] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only involve some embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic diversion network in this embodiment;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle unit structure in this embodiment;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the flame suppression system in this embodiment;

[0072] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit in this embodiment;

[0073] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the flame suppression system in this embodiment;

[0074] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the flame suppression method in this embodiment;

[0075] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed mapping table in this embodiment.

[0076] Figure label:

[0077] 1. Main pipeline; 11. Primary branch pipeline; 12. Secondary branch pipeline; 13. Tertiary branch pipeline; 2. Nozzle unit; 21. Injection valve; 211. Branch connection section; 212. Resonant boosting section; 2121. Helmholtz resonant boosting zone; 213. Contraction throat section; 214. Throttle orifice; 215. Center block; 216. Annular slit; 22. High-pressure atomizing nozzle; 221. Micro-vibration piezoelectric element; 222. Spiral guide groove; 23. One-way check valve structure; 24. Flame arrester; 3. Battery cell; 31. Safety valve. Detailed Implementation

[0078] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to more clearly understand the purpose, features and advantages of this invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, but are only for illustrating the essential spirit of the technical solutions of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0079] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the word “comprising” and its variations, such as “including” and “having”, shall be understood to have an open, inclusive meaning, that is, to be interpreted as “including, but not limited to”.

[0080] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of "in an embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments.

[0081] The singular forms “a” and “the” used in this specification and the appended claims include plural references unless otherwise expressly stated herein. It should be noted that the term “or” is generally used to mean “and / or” unless otherwise expressly stated herein.

[0082] In the following description, in order to clearly demonstrate the structure and working method of the present invention, a number of directional terms will be used. However, terms such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "outside", "inside", "outward", "inward", "up", and "down" should be understood as convenient terms and not as limiting terms.

[0083] The implementation details of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following content is only for the convenience of understanding the implementation details and is not necessary for implementing this solution.

[0084] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment proposes a pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module flame suppression system, which aims to solve the problems in the existing technology, such as the long path of the extinguishing agent to the heat source, slow response, difficulty in achieving priority flow in multiple branches, insufficient spray intensity and repeatability, and inability to allocate the extinguishing agent flow rate on demand according to the specific thermal runaway location and heat load. It not only realizes the identification of the battery thermal runaway location and the controllability of the extinguishing agent delivery, but also enables priority flow to the target point in the thermal runaway risk area and high-voltage resonance of the spray, thereby achieving near-source early suppression of cell-level thermal runaway in the module.

[0085] The following section, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation of how this solution addresses the aforementioned problems.

[0086] refer to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module flame suppression system includes a biomimetic shunt pipeline network, a flame suppression medium driving unit, a dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit, and a multi-modal sensing and decision control unit. The biomimetic shunt pipeline network is pre-embedded inside the battery module and integrally formed with the module's support structure (such as a support frame). The biomimetic shunt pipeline network includes a main pipeline 1 and multiple branch pipelines. The end of each branch pipeline integrates a nozzle unit facing the corresponding cell safety valve. The nozzle unit integrates a Helmholtz resonant cavity, forming an end effector with a unique frequency response characteristic. The flame-suppressing medium driving unit provides a frequency-adjustable pulsating foam flame-suppressing medium to the biomimetic branch network through the input end of the main pipeline 1. The multi-modal sensing and decision control unit integrates multi-source signal data to locate the thermal runaway region and maps it to the corresponding branch. The dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit cooperates with the flame-suppressing medium driving unit to identify the fluid parameters at the end of each branch online through frequency sweeping excitation, track the natural frequency of each nozzle unit in real time and lock the target branch, and drive the flame-suppressing medium driving unit at this frequency to excite the target nozzle unit to resonate in order to achieve priority flow supply and efficient injection of the target branch.

[0087] In this embodiment, the structure of the nozzle units at the ends of each branch of the biomimetic shunt network is modified to integrate a Helmholtz resonant cavity into each nozzle unit. The size parameters of the Helmholtz resonant cavity are designed so that each nozzle unit has a unique frequency response characteristic. Based on this, a multimodal sensing and decision control unit is used to sense the thermal runaway risk area and map it to the corresponding branch. A dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit is used to identify the fluid parameters at the end of each branch in real time through frequency sweeping, such as the flow rate at a specific pressure. According to the impedance relationship, the least squares algorithm is used to track the natural frequency of each nozzle unit in real time and lock the target branch. Based on this, the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is driven to output a pulsating pressure wave at this frequency to deliver the flame-suppressing medium into the network. The Helmholtz resonance principle is used to excite the target nozzle unit to resonate, so as to achieve priority flow supply and efficient injection to the target branch. Thus, without sacrificing the battery module volume and energy density, the near-source early suppression of cell-level thermal runaway in the module is improved.

[0088] On the other hand, reference Figure 3 As shown, the Helmholtz resonant cavity of the target branch enables the foam flow of the same frequency to undergo gas-liquid phase coupling resonance under pulsating pressure excitation, resulting in the minimum impedance and maximum admittance of the current branch, while the impedance of other branches of the same level increases relatively. This allows the flame-suppressing medium to reach the vicinity of the high-risk cell safety valve through the shortest path inside the energy storage battery module. Upstream of the ejection section of the current nozzle unit, the foam flow flame-suppressing medium can generate accelerated swirling flow, forming a highly efficient swirling atomized jet. In other words, it achieves "targeted release" of the thermal runaway risk area in the form of high-pressure resonance and rotating jet.

[0089] In this embodiment, the total volume of the biomimetic shunt network accounts for approximately 1.2% of the volume of the energy storage battery module, and its impact on energy density is less than 1.5%. The biomimetic shunt network includes at least one main pipeline 1 laid along the direction of the battery module cell array, primary branch pipelines 11 branching from the main pipeline, two secondary branch pipelines 12 formed by the branching ends of the primary branch pipelines 11, and two tertiary branch pipelines 13 formed by the branching ends of each secondary branch pipeline 12. The main pipeline 1 is connected to a flame-suppressing medium driving unit for adjusting the pulsating pressure at a set frequency. The force wave drives the foam flow flame-suppressing medium into the biomimetic shunt network. Each tertiary branch pipe 13 is equipped with a nozzle unit 2 at its end. The nozzle units 2 corresponding to the two tertiary branch pipes 13 are symmetrically arranged above a cell safety valve and point towards the center of the safety valve to spray the flame-suppressing medium onto the safety valve in a cross-covering manner. Preferably, the downward spray angle of the nozzle unit 2 is 45°. Here, each tertiary branch pipe 13 and its nozzle unit 2 are defined as a whole as a tertiary branch. The inherent frequencies of each tertiary branch corresponding to the energy storage battery module are different.

[0090] In this embodiment, the biomimetic diversion network for conveying the foam flow flame-suppressing medium is deeply integrated into the energy storage battery module structure as a "vascular system". The network is set up according to biomimetic rules to facilitate the high-speed distribution and pressure pumping of the flame-suppressing medium. Since the inherent frequencies of each of the three-level branches corresponding to the energy storage battery module are different, each three-level branch has a unique frequency response tag. Therefore, in the thermal runaway region, the target three-level branch can be identified by reading the frequency response tag. Based on this, targeted measures can be taken to enhance the ejection capability of the target three-level branch, thereby improving the near-source early suppression of cell-level thermal runaway within the module.

[0091] Specifically, the diameters of the main pipeline 1 and each branch pipeline are set according to a biomimetic power law relationship that decreases progressively from the main pipeline to the branch pipelines, and the radius relationship between the main pipeline 1 and each branch pipeline satisfies:

[0092]

[0093] The relationship between the lengths of the main pipeline and the branch pipelines is expressed as follows:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula The biomimetic index is determined by actual flow resistance testing and target allocation strategy calibration. For the main road radius, The radius of the secondary branch pipeline, For the length of the main road, The length of the secondary branch pipeline. The structural index is determined by both actual flow resistance testing and installation space constraints, where n represents the total number of secondary branch pipes.

[0096] Preferably, this biomimetic diversion network is formed by welding 316L stainless steel capillaries, with an inner wall coated with a nano-graphene thermally conductive coating and an outer wall covered with an aerogel and ceramic fiber composite insulation layer. This achieves the dual functions of internal heat conduction and external insulation, improving the heat exchange efficiency of the flame-suppressing medium while preventing the network from being affected by external heat radiation. Specifically, internal heat conduction enhances the heat exchange efficiency between the flame-suppressing medium and the pipe wall, allowing the medium to quickly absorb heat transferred from the pipe wall as it flows through the network, preheating it and increasing its activity and reaction speed upon reaching the nozzle. This design prevents the flame-suppressing medium, as described below, from increasing viscosity and decreasing fluidity due to excessively low ambient temperatures. External insulation prevents external high temperatures from affecting the internal fluid state and structural safety of the network, avoiding abnormal pressure increases or premature vaporization of the flame-suppressing medium. It also protects the network materials, especially welded joints and seals, from high-temperature aging or deformation failure.

[0097] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the nozzle unit 2 includes an injection valve 21 and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle 22. The inner cavity of the injection valve 21 is divided into a branch pipe connection section 211, a resonant pressure boosting section 212, and a constriction throat section 213 along the medium conveying direction. The branch pipe connection section 211 is connected to the three-level branch pipeline 13, and the constriction throat section 213 is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 22. The diameter of the resonant pressure boosting section 212 is larger than that of the branch pipe connection section 211 and the constriction throat section 213. A central block 215 is provided at the front of the resonant pressure boosting section 212. An annular gap 216 is formed between the central block 215 and the inner wall of the resonant pressure boosting section 212. The resonant pressure boosting section 212 between the annular gap 216 and the constriction throat section 213 forms a Helmholtz resonant pressure boosting zone 2121, which is used to realize the resonant enhanced injection of the flame-suppressing medium.

[0098] Each tertiary branch pipe 13 and its nozzle unit 2 are defined as a whole as a tertiary branch, and the parameters of each tertiary branch are designed to satisfy the following frequency relationship:

[0099]

[0100] in, Let be the natural frequency of the branch, c be the speed of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam, A be the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular slit 216, and Le be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit 216. This refers to the volume of the Helmholtz resonant booster region 2121. Here, by considering the A and B of different third-level branches... , The design allows for the differentiation of the inherent frequencies of each branch.

[0101] In this embodiment, characteristic impedance matching and a branch-end resonant cavity structure are introduced into the pipeline design, specifically the design of a resonant pressure boosting section within the injection valve at the branch end. This ensures that the pulsating pressure frequency of the medium driven by the flame-suppressing medium driving unit operates at the natural frequency of the target tertiary branch. Nearby, the flame-suppressing medium upstream of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 22 can be locally pressurized through the annular gap 216 and the Helmholtz resonant pressurization zone 2121. This also enables the pipeline system to generate a controllable fluid resonance effect under the pulsating pressure driven by the dynamic resonant frequency, thereby promoting the resonant enhanced spray of the flame-suppressing medium entering the nozzle. This greatly enhances the transmission efficiency of the flame-suppressing medium in the biomimetic diversion pipeline channel, the rapid response at the branch end, the precise jet velocity, and the best fire extinguishing and cooling effect.

[0102] Specifically, A is the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap 216, which is generally set between 0.7 and 1.5 mm. 2 The range, Le, is the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit, typically 0.2mm to 0.5mm. The volume of the Helmholtz resonant boost region 2121 is typically 5–8 mm. 3 Within the range.

[0103] Specifically, the body of the injection valve 21 is made of brass, and the outer shell of the injection valve 21 has a streamlined design. The distance between the outer peripheral wall of the valve body of the resonant boosting section 212 and the outer peripheral wall of the valve body of the branch pipe connection section is h, where h is 20% of the inner diameter of the third-level branch pipe, and the axial width of the resonant boosting section is 0.3h.

[0104] Specifically, the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 22 includes a swirling section and a spraying section. The swirling section is defined by a spiral guide groove 222. The front end of the spiral guide groove 222 is connected to the constriction throat section 213 of the injection valve 21, and the end of the spiral guide groove 222 is connected to the spraying section. The spiral guide groove 222 increases the tangential velocity of the foam flow, forming a swirling atomization field and enhancing the fire extinguishing effect. The spiral guide groove 222 has a pitch of 1 mm and a lead angle of 30°. A micro-vibration piezoelectric plate 221 is set around the swirling section. The micro-vibration piezoelectric plate automatically generates micro-amplitude vibrations before and after each spray. By shaking and reducing drag, it prevents the residual flame-suppressing medium from clogging the spraying section of the atomizing nozzle.

[0105] As a preferred option, such as Figure 2 As shown, each constriction throat section is equipped with a one-way check structure 23 and a flame arrester 24. Along the direction of flame suppression medium delivery, the flame arrester 24 is located downstream of the one-way check structure and is made of multi-layer stainless steel sintered mesh and ceramic porous media composite material. The mesh size is 100-150μm, which realizes the dual effect of flame quenching and airflow uniform distribution to improve heat transfer and quenching capabilities. It is used to suppress the flame from flowing back along the atomizing nozzle. The one-way check structure 23 adopts a magnetic sealing flap, which opens when the extinguishing agent flows in the forward direction and closes tightly by the permanent magnet when flowing in the reverse direction, realizing a millisecond-level response. It is used to suppress the backflow of high-temperature gas or electrolyte droplets into the valve cavity.

[0106] To make this solution clearer, the structure of the injection valve 21 and the working principle of the flame suppression system are described in detail below, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the resonant boosting section 212 can be equivalent to a fluid dynamics "spring-mass" system. The flame-suppressing medium driving unit inputs an external pulsating pressure wave to drive the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. The flame-suppressing medium enters the resonant boosting section 212 through the throttling orifice 214, and then enters the Helmholtz resonant boosting region 2121, i.e., the resonant cavity. The compressible gas (gas phase in the flame-suppressing medium) acts as the "spring," and the liquid column (liquid phase in the flame-suppressing medium) flowing through the annular gap 216 acts as the "mass." When the driving frequency input by the flame-suppressing medium driving unit approaches the natural frequency of the cavity... At this time, i.e., frequency matching, the elastic oscillation of the gas inside the cavity couples with the inertial motion of the liquid column in the gap, generating gas-liquid phase coupling resonance. This resonance effect can transform the small pressure fluctuations applied at the inlet into significantly amplified local pressure peaks within the resonant section, thereby creating a local pressure amplification effect upstream of the nozzle. This accelerates the flame-suppressing medium entering the constriction throat 213 and generates swirling flow through the spiral guide groove, increasing the tangential velocity while maintaining the axial velocity, thus achieving efficient swirling flow and atomized spray for fire extinguishing. Conversely, when the driving frequency input to the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is far from the natural frequency of the cavity... At this time, i.e., frequency mismatch, the flame-suppressing medium flows normally, the nozzle atomizes normally, and only conventional spraying can be used for fire extinguishing.

[0107] Preferably, the battery cells 3 are arranged in a 2P8S configuration, with each module containing 16 individual battery cells 3, and the gap between each battery cell 3 is 3mm.

[0108] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the flame-suppressing medium driving unit includes a flame-suppressing medium storage tank, a gas source driving module, an injection control module, a foam proportioning mixing module, a high-frequency pulse generation module, and a viscosity online adjustment module. The flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the gas source driving module are respectively connected to the input end of the foam proportioning mixing module. The output end of the foam proportioning mixing module is connected to the input end of the high-frequency pulse generation module. The output end of the high-frequency pulse generation module is connected to the input end of the main pipeline 1, and is used to apply a pulsed pressure wave of a set frequency to the foam flow flame-suppressing medium to drive the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. The viscosity online adjustment module is connected to the main pipeline 1 and is used to adjust the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium online. The injection control module includes a solenoid valve disposed between the flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the foam proportioning mixing module and a high-speed pulse valve disposed between the gas source driving module and the foam proportioning mixing module, and is used to supply pressurized gas periodically at a set frequency.

[0109] Specifically, in this embodiment, the flame-retardant medium, i.e., the foam-type fire extinguishing agent, comprises, by mass percentage: 3% F-500 concentrate, 85% deionized water, 1% fluorocarbon surfactant, 0.5% corrosion inhibitor, 0.3% polymer thickener, 5% antifreeze, 5% microencapsulated n-octadecane, and nano-silica aerogel powder (particle size 50-100 μm). 0.2%. The flame suppressant has the properties of suppressing open flames, cooling, preventing reignition and eliminating smoke, and its electrical insulation is not less than AC1000V.

[0110] Specifically, the flame-suppressing medium storage tank is used to store the flame-suppressing medium and output it when needed, and the filling pressure of the storage tank is preferably 5 to 15 MPa.

[0111] Specifically, the gas source drive module includes a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, which is connected to a foam proportioning mixing module. A high-speed pulse valve is provided in the middle to realize quantitative pulse supply. The high-pressure drive pressure is preferably set in the range of 2 to 5 MPa, which is used to drive the flame suppressant medium from the flame suppressant medium storage tank to output when the battery is extinguished. The standby pre-charge pressure is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, which is used for baseline and self-diagnosis.

[0112] Specifically, when the injection control module receives the trigger signal output by the controller module, it opens the passage and delivers the flame-suppressing medium driven by high-pressure nitrogen to the main pipeline 1 and its branches of the biomimetic diversion pipeline network. The pulse frequency can be dynamically adjusted according to the feedback of the multimodal perception and decision control unit, so as to accurately spray the flame-suppressing medium at a fixed point under the mode of setting the adjustable optimal pulse frequency, forming a periodic pressure wave fire extinguishing agent impact jet swirl field.

[0113] Specifically, the foam proportioning module mainly mixes nitrogen with the aforementioned flame-retardant medium at a volume ratio of approximately 1:9 to form a nitrogen foam flame-retardant medium with a foaming ratio of 8 to 12 times. The main gaseous phase of the foam is nitrogen, and the liquid phase is an active solution rich in F-500 concentrate and other substances. The resulting foam liquid has a density of 1.05 g / cm³, a flow viscosity of ≤5 mm² / s at 25°C, and can form a uniform foam layer on the battery surface without conducting electricity.

[0114] Specifically, the high-frequency pulsation generation module adopts a piezoelectric stacked high-frequency pulsation pump, which is directly integrated into the inlet of the main pipeline 1. The frequency adjustment range is expanded to 1-50Hz, and the pressure amplitude is dynamically adjustable, forming an adjustable periodic pressure harmonic to achieve more precise flow control of the flame-suppressing medium.

[0115] High-frequency pulsed pressurization technology is employed here, utilizing a specialized pulse generator to produce periodic pressure waves, applying pulsations of a certain frequency to the foam flow. This pulse supply method can, on the one hand, create an oscillating flow field in the pipeline network, enhancing the transmission efficiency of foam in thin tubes and micropores; on the other hand, a reasonable selection of the pulsation frequency can excite liquid resonance in the pipeline structure, significantly improving the jet velocity and penetration of the terminal jet. Preferably, pressure pulsation is applied within a frequency range of 1-50Hz, and the ejected fresh foam is sprayed intermittently onto the surface of the safety valve 31 of the battery cell 3, quickly covering the entire high-temperature area of ​​the battery, thereby extinguishing the flame and cooling it down in the shortest possible time.

[0116] Specifically, the viscosity online adjustment module is used to adjust the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium online. Based on the feedback of pipeline pressure and branch flow parameters, a trace amount of polymer shear thickener is added to the main pipeline 1 in a timely manner, so that the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium is reduced under high pressure shear and is easy to transport. After the foam flame-suppressing medium is sprayed out, the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium increases in the static state, which prolongs the adhesion and coverage time on the surface of the battery cell 3.

[0117] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the flame suppression system also includes a basic structure layer, a function execution layer, a control management layer, and an external interaction layer. The control management layer includes a multimodal perception and decision control unit, a dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit, and a health self-diagnosis unit. In one embodiment, from a hardware perspective, the multimodal perception and decision control unit includes a first controller module, the dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit includes a second controller module, and the health self-diagnosis unit includes a third controller module. The first controller module, the second controller module, and the third controller module can be three computing and logic control modules integrated on a single CPU chip. In the middle, the second controller module is a microcontroller module such as an MCU module. The multimodal perception and decision control unit is used to provide decision logic. The dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit is biased towards real-time control. The health self-diagnosis unit is biased towards health data analysis and processing. The pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module flame suppression system includes energy storage battery modules and biomimetic shunt pipelines as the basic structural layer, as well as flame suppression medium driving units and nozzle units 2 corresponding to the three-level branches as the functional execution layer. The external interaction layer includes an emergency power supply and a battery management system (BMS). The emergency power supply serves as the emergency backup power supply for the entire multimodal perception and decision control unit.

[0118] The multimodal perception and decision control unit includes a multi-source sensing acquisition module, a controller module, a BMS data interface module, and a communication module. The multi-source sensing acquisition module acquires thermal runaway state parameters of the energy storage battery module and fluid state parameters of the biomimetic shunt network. The BMS data interface module is communicatively connected to the battery management system (BMS), and the BMS transmits data to the controller module through the BMS data interface module to acquire the voltage of the module's battery cells. Temperature rise rate The controller module is used to: 1) determine the thermal runaway risk area based on the state parameters obtained by the multi-source sensor acquisition module and the variable feature parameters obtained by the BMS data interface module; 2) establish a fixed mapping table to map the risk area location information to the index of the third-level branch and nozzle unit 2 to obtain the target enhancement branch index; 3) use the recursive least squares algorithm to calculate the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch in real time and realize adaptive change tracking, and set the set frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit to be equal to the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch; in other methods, the dynamic impedance addressing and resonant enhancement unit includes a controller module, which receives modal sensing. Simultaneously with the output data of the decision control unit, commands are issued. These commands control the driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit in real time, keeping it near the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch. For example, closed-loop feedback controls the fluctuation range of the driving frequency to reduce the impedance of the target enhancement branch and enhance the resonant injection of the flame-suppressing medium. This process involves dynamic impedance addressing and resonant enhancement. During this process, the flame-suppressing medium driving unit responds to the output commands of the dynamic impedance addressing and resonant enhancement unit, adjusting its own driving frequency. Nozzle unit 2 responds to the flame-suppressing medium driving unit adjusting its own driving frequency, thus changing the flame-suppressing medium injection effect on the energy storage battery module. The health self-diagnosis unit receives the output data from the controller module and performs online diagnosis and maintenance / replacement prompts for the bionic shunt network and nozzle unit 2.

[0119] In this embodiment, specifically, the multi-source sensing acquisition module includes a gas sensor array, a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement (DTS) device, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing (DAS) fiber, a miniature pressure sensor, an infrared thermal imaging microarray, and an acoustic emission sensor (AE), used to acquire real-time feedback of the thermal runaway state parameters of the energy storage battery module and the fluid state of the biomimetic diversion pulsating pipeline network.

[0120] The gas sensor array is arranged at the top and bottom of the battery module to collect gas concentration parameters at the top and bottom of the battery module in real time. The controller module predicts the location and diffusion trend of the battery heat source based on the changes in real-time gas concentration data output by each sensor over time, realizing early anomaly identification and location input, and serving as an auxiliary observation for the addressing and positioning method. Preferably, each battery cell 3 is equipped with no less than one measuring point to form a three-dimensional spatial sampling array that can be used for positioning.

[0121] The sensing fiber of the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement device is closely laid on the tabs and sidewall surfaces of each cell 3 in the battery module to collect temperature parameters in the battery module in real time. The spatial resolution is better than 2cm, the temperature measurement range is -40℃ to 200℃, and the collected data can be used to form a three-dimensional temperature field in the battery module.

[0122] The distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor has its optical fibers spirally wound around the primary branch pipe 11 and the secondary branch pipe 12. It has a sampling frequency of 1000Hz, can locate abnormal vibration sources, and has a spatial resolution of 0.1m. By locating abnormal vibration sources, it can identify pipeline pulsation propagation, observe frequency sweep response, and adaptively feedback resonant jet parameters.

[0123] The miniature pressure sensor is installed at the nodes of the main pipeline 1, the target secondary branch pipeline 12, and the tertiary branch pipeline 13. It is used to collect parameter characteristic data of pressure, pressure difference, and pressure pulsation amplitude at the nodes in real time, so as to monitor the supply status of the flame-suppressing medium and the branch suction status in real time, and provide a feedback measurement basis for the dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit.

[0124] The infrared thermal imaging microarray and acoustic emission sensor (AE) are embedded in the sidewall of the battery module, with a spatial resolution of ±2cm, enabling visualization of the battery module's temperature field and capture of early mechanical wave signals such as short circuits and lithium plating within the battery.

[0125] The BMS data interface module is used to provide the controller module with battery SOC and individual battery cell voltage. Temperature rise rate Internal resistance Energy storage compartment ambient temperature With ventilation speed Equal variable characteristic parameters.

[0126] The communication module maintains high-frequency data interaction with the BMS data interface module, synchronizing early warning and status information. It also interconnects with the external fire alarm control panel, simultaneously uploading alarm information and location results and receiving global commands upon confirmation of thermal runaway risk or system activation, achieving fire alarm communication linkage. Furthermore, it ensures real-time, reliable, and low-latency data transmission between modules, achieving closed-loop control.

[0127] Specifically, the health self-diagnosis unit can perform online self-diagnosis functions during system standby and injection processes. It mainly diagnoses blockages, leaks, or valve failures in the injection control module and outputs corresponding maintenance prompts to the controller module, including replacing various components, replenishing flame-suppressing media, or restoring the pre-charge pressure baseline.

[0128] In standby mode, an inert gas, such as nitrogen, is pre-charged into the biomimetic diversion pipeline network via the gas source drive module to form a pressure baseline. The flame-suppressing medium only enters the pipeline network after being triggered by a control command output from the controller module. The controller module controls the high-frequency pulsation generation module to apply small-amplitude pressure disturbances to the pipeline network and collects pressure response parameters to generate health indicators for characterizing leaks, blockages, or failures, thereby determining whether a leak, blockage, or valve failure has occurred. Simultaneously, thermoacoustic coupling diagnostics are added, using excitation-response analysis to analyze the two-phase flow state within the pipeline network, efficiently identifying local blockages or gas-liquid separation phenomena in the pipeline flow channels and injection valve 21.

[0129] Among them, health index Represented as:

[0130]

[0131] in, Let represent the health index of the i-th branch, which is dimensionless; , Let represent the peak angular frequency and bandwidth of the i-th branch in the baseline state, respectively, in rad / s; , The weighting coefficient is dimensionless. For peak gain, the superscript 0 indicates the baseline calibration value; when If the threshold is exceeded, it is determined that there is a blockage, leakage or valve abnormality in the branch, and the controller module is notified to output an early warning maintenance prompt.

[0132] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment also proposes a flame suppression method for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules, based on the aforementioned flame suppression system for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules, including the following steps:

[0133] S1. Calculate the natural angular frequency of each third branch according to the following formula:

[0134] ,

[0135]

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] in, Let i be the natural angular frequency of the third-order branch. For the equivalent fluid sensation of the third-order branch i, Let 216 be the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap in the third-order branch i. Let be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit in the third-order branch i. For the effective volume of the resonant boosting region of the third-level branch i, The equivalent density of the flame-suppressing medium, The equivalent bulk modulus of the flame-suppressing medium. The equivalent liquid volume of the third-order branch i-resonant booster region. The gas phase density in the flame-suppressing medium. The density of the liquid phase in the flame-suppressing medium. The velocity of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam flow, is measured by a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor. It is the volume fraction. The foaming ratio of the foam flow;

[0139] S2, through differentiated design and This makes the natural frequencies of each third-level branch... Within the frequency domain, a minimum separation threshold is met to form a distinguishable frequency response tag;

[0140] S3. Under safe disturbance conditions, perform frequency sweeping or encoding of pressure waves on the biomimetic shunt network, collect baseline frequency response data for each third-level branch, obtain the baseline impedance fingerprint vector according to the following formula, and establish a baseline impedance fingerprint database accordingly. ;

[0141]

[0142] In the formula Let i be the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of the third-order branch i. The peak angular frequency of the i-th branch frequency response is the third-order branch frequency. For peak gain, For the bandwidth of the third-level branch i, Peak phase;

[0143] S4. Based on the nozzle unit 2 position and cell 3 number corresponding to each tertiary branch pipe 13, establish a fixed mapping table of "cell 3 number - nozzle unit 2 array - tertiary branch pipe 13", such as... Figure 7 As shown;

[0144] S5. During system standby or operation intervals, control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to apply a frequency-sweeping pressure wave to the inlet of main pipeline 1. The frequency range is 1–50 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.05–0.2 MPa. The flow response at the end of each tertiary branch is collected synchronously. Calculate the pressure-flow transfer function:

[0145]

[0146] In the formula, The measured value of the frequency response tag. Let i be the amplitude of the flow pulsation. The pressure pulsation amplitude at the public inlet of the pipeline network;

[0147] Obtain the frequency response curves of each third-level branch, as well as the complete frequency response dataset that constitutes each third-level branch;

[0148] S6. Based on the frequency response curve and frequency response dataset, each third-level branch is equivalent to a second-order fluid circuit model, with the impedance as follows:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula Let j represent the equivalent flow resistance of the third-order branch i, where j denotes the imaginary unit. For the equivalent fluid sensation of the third-order branch i, The equivalent liquid volume of the third-level branch i, ω is the angular frequency of the pulsating pressure wave, f is the pulsating frequency variable, and the pulsating pressure wave, specifically, is the pulsating pressure wave output by the high-frequency pulsation generation module described below, which applies a set frequency to the foam flow flame-suppressing medium.

[0151] S7. Using the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) online identification algorithm, based on actual measurements... Real-time updates of equivalent model parameters for each branch For impedance model functions Frequency domain analysis can be performed to calculate the natural frequencies of each of the current tertiary branches. To achieve adaptive tracking of inherent frequency changes:

[0152]

[0153] S8. Identify thermal runaway risk areas through the multi-source sensor acquisition module and BMS data interface module, and directly determine the target enhancement branch index through a preset fixed mapping table. The driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit will be adjusted. Set to equal to the intrinsic frequency of the target enhancement branch. This allows the resonant boosting zone of the target enhancement branch to undergo gas-liquid phase coupling resonance under pulsating pressure excitation, thereby achieving resonant enhancement injection of the flame-suppressing medium.

[0154] Specifically, the controller module, based on data from the multi-source sensor acquisition module and the BMS data interface module, maps the target location information to the corresponding index of the tertiary branch pipeline 13 and nozzle unit 2 through a "positioning fusion-index mapping" method. Simultaneously, it controls the high-frequency pulsation generation module and injection control module of the flame-suppressing medium drive unit through a dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit, thereby controlling the pipeline network excitation frequency. In the inherent frequency of the target branch I work nearby. At the specified frequency, the target branch is excited to its optimal resonant state, resulting in reduced flow resistance and increased admittance. This significantly enhances the preferential flow to the target branch under the same supply pressure, as well as the jet velocity and atomization effect of the atomizing nozzle, achieving adaptive resonant injection parameters. The entire process involves online identification and dynamic adjustment, adapting to changes in the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium, localized blockages, and other operational conditions, consistently maintaining optimal resonant frequency matching and the best targeted, precise, and efficient injection effect.

[0155] The steps of the "Location Fusion-Index Mapping" method are as follows:

[0156] ①Feature extraction: Obtain the temperature rise rate from the BMS data interface module and the multi-source sensor acquisition module. Voltage change rate Gas concentration change rate Local pressure pulsation changes Various characteristic parameters;

[0157] ② Fusion positioning: Using data fusion algorithms such as DS evidence theory, the physical location of the target risk heat source with the highest probability is calculated;

[0158] ③ Index Mapping: Through a fixed mapping table consisting of “cell number 3 - nozzle unit 2 array - three-level branch pipeline 13”, the physical location of the above-mentioned target risk heat source is mapped to the three-level branch pipeline 13 and the target nozzle index set, and is simultaneously submitted to the impedance addressing unit to complete the target branch matching;

[0159] ④ Closed-loop correction: During the injection of the flame-suppressing medium, based on the real-time parameter feedback from the multi-source sensor acquisition module and the BMS data interface module, the addressing and frequency are adaptively tracked and corrected until the battery temperature rise rate is reached. Voltage change rate Gas concentration change rate Local pressure pulsation changes When the characteristic parameters are stable, it is considered a safe state.

[0160] In this embodiment, S8 specifically includes the following steps:

[0161] S8-1. Based on the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area and the corresponding cell number 3, determine the target tertiary branch index using the fixed mapping table "Cell Number 3 – Nozzle Unit 2 Array – Tertiary Branch Pipeline 13". If the risk area involves multiple candidate branches, a weighted Euclidean distance matching is performed to confirm the exact branch based on the nearest neighbor principle.

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, The index for the third-level branch of the target being addressed. Given the target fingerprint vector, extract it from the baseline impedance fingerprint database according to the risk strategy. Take the baseline fingerprint vector of the target candidate branch. Let i be the impedance fingerprint vector of candidate branch i. w represents the weighted Euclidean distance;

[0164] S8-2. Calculate the target tertiary branch from the updated model parameters. Natural frequency:

[0165]

[0166] In the formula Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent fluid sensation Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent liquid volume;

[0167] S8-3. Determine the optimal driving frequency. To maximize the admittance of the target branch, the driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is set as follows:

[0168]

[0169] In the formula For the optimal driving frequency, Enhance the third-level branch for the target Complex frequency domain impedance, To find the independent variable corresponding to the maximum value, Enhance the third-level branch for the target The larger the admittance, the greater the flow rate obtained by the third-level branch under the same pressure.

[0170] S8-4, Control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to drive the frequency The output pulsating pressure wave causes fluid resonance in the three-stage branches, achieving preferential flow distribution under the same supply pressure.

[0171] In this embodiment, before S8-1, the temperature rise rate of each monitoring area cell 3 in the battery module is extracted from the BMS data interface module and the multi-source sensor acquisition module. Voltage change rate Gas concentration change rate and local pressure pulsation changes in the pipeline network The characteristic parameters were calculated using a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion algorithm to determine the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area with the highest probability and the corresponding cell number. This has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0172] Based on the type of energy storage battery module and calibration results, two levels of thresholds are set. When the first-level threshold is reached, an early warning state is entered, and the early warning state strategy is executed. When the second-level threshold is met, an action state is entered, and the action state strategy is executed.

[0173] Level 1 threshold: Cell 3 surface temperature ≥ 75℃ and ≥0.15℃ / s, and duration ≥10s; or when H2 concentration ≥200ppm, duration ≥10s, and CO2 concentration ≥1000ppm; if any of the above conditions are met, an early warning state shall be entered immediately.

[0174] Early warning status strategy: Pre-lock suspected risk areas or cell 3 number, complete the mapping from cell 3 number to nozzle unit 2 index, obtain target enhancement branch, calculate and update the drive frequency of flame suppressant medium drive unit, valve group standby and pipeline network pressure stabilization, and complete the preparatory work before updating the drive frequency of flame suppressant medium drive unit.

[0175] Secondary threshold: Surface temperature of cell 3 ≥ 80℃ and ≥0.45℃ / s, duration ≥5s; or H2 concentration ≥400ppm, CO2 concentration ≥5000ppm; if any of the above conditions are met, immediately enter the treatment state;

[0176] Disposal strategy: Execute steps S8-1 to S8-4 to achieve priority flow supply and injection enhancement for the target branch under the same supply pressure conditions, and control the flame suppressant driving unit to supply flame suppressant to the pipeline in the target area according to a two-stage pulse injection strategy of first high-frequency suppression and then low-frequency coverage.

[0177] After step S8, the following step is added: the surface temperature of cell 3 drops back to ambient temperature and The system enters standby inspection state after the temperature reaches ≤0.03℃ / s and the duration is ≥300s, while the H2 concentration is ≤100ppm and the CO2 concentration is ≤1000ppm for a duration of ≥300s.

[0178] Specifically, during the energy storage battery module assembly stage, the biomimetic shunt network and the energy storage battery module support frame are integrally formed and embedded into the battery module. Each level of branch pipeline and the terminal nozzle unit 2 are oriented towards and fixed to their respective corresponding cell 3 safety valve 31 areas. Connections are completed with the flame-suppressing medium storage tank, gas source drive module, foam proportioning mixing module, high-frequency pulse generation module, and main pipeline 1. After module assembly, inert gas such as nitrogen is injected into the biomimetic shunt network until the standby baseline pressure is 0.5–0.8 MPa for subsequent pressure monitoring and triggering. Simultaneously, a sealing test is performed. After a 24-hour pressure test with 1 MPa nitrogen, a pressure drop of no more than 2% is confirmed as acceptable. Subsequently, a short-pulse response test is conducted on the system using the operating pressure. The average data from multiple tests is used as the initial health sample for the impedance fingerprint database. After the system is installed, the controller module issues a command to the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to perform small-amplitude frequency sweep pressure excitation of the entire pipeline network, establish a baseline impedance fingerprint baseline library, and establish a fixed mapping table consisting of "cell number 3 - nozzle unit 2 array - three-level branch pipeline 13" as the benchmark for subsequent addressing, health self-diagnosis and system handling control.

[0179] Then, the configured flame-suppressing medium is injected into the flame-suppressing medium storage tank to 80%–90% of its rated volume. High-pressure nitrogen source is filled to the first-stage supply pressure (energy storage) of 15–20 MPa and the second-stage working supply pressure (inlet to the main pipe) of 0.95±0.05 MPa. After passing through two-stage pressure reduction and switching channels, a switchable standby pre-charging state and a fire-extinguishing working state can be formed in the pipeline network. The standby pre-charging state is used to maintain the baseline pressure of the inert gas in the pipeline network (the pressure is preferably set to 0.5–0.8 MPa) and to perform online frequency sweeping and diagnosis. The fire-extinguishing working state is used to drive the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. After pressure reduction, the drive unit outputs a drive pressure preferably of 1–1.5 MPa, and an adjustable pulsating pressure wave is generated by the high-frequency pulsation generation module in the range of 1–50 Hz.

[0180] Furthermore, the multimodal sensing, positioning, and decision control unit is activated to continuously monitor the energy storage battery module. Data such as temperature rise rate, voltage change rate, gas concentration change rate, acoustic emission characteristics, and pipeline pressure parameters are extracted from the data collected by the BMS data interface module and multi-source sensor acquisition module. Two threshold levels are set based on the energy storage battery module type and calibration results. When the first threshold is reached, an early warning state is entered, and the early warning strategy is executed.

[0181] Specific explanation: Level 1 threshold: Cell 3 surface temperature ≥ 75℃ and The temperature rises at a rate of ≥0.15℃ / s and lasts for ≥10s; or the H2 concentration is ≥200ppm, lasts for ≥10s, and the CO2 concentration is ≥1000ppm. If any of the above conditions are met, an early warning state will be immediately activated.

[0182] Early warning strategy: Pre-lock the suspected risk cell number 3 or risk area, complete the mapping from the target location to the nozzle unit 2 index set, match the candidate branches to be enhanced in the frequency response tag library, calculate and update the optimal pulsation working frequency, put the valve group on standby and stabilize the pipeline network, and complete the pre-treatment preparation work of the pulsation supply module.

[0183] When the secondary threshold is met, the system enters the disposal state and executes the disposal state strategy.

[0184] Secondary threshold: Surface temperature of cell 3 ≥ 80℃ and ≥0.45℃ / s, duration ≥5s; or H2 concentration ≥400ppm, CO2 concentration ≥5000ppm; if any of the above conditions are met, the treatment state shall be entered immediately.

[0185] Disposal strategy: The controller module controls the flame suppressant medium and the drive unit to immediately open the valve connecting the flame suppressant medium storage device and the biomimetic diversion pulsating pipeline network and the high-pressure nitrogen source output valve, so that the flame suppressant medium enters the pipeline network under the set drive pressure. The flame suppressant medium is quickly released and directionally sprayed to the target cell 3 safety valve 31 area. The dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit performs three-level branch matching and resonance enhancement. With the target nozzle unit 2 index set as a constraint, the target enhancement branch is determined and the pulsation frequency is adjusted to the optimal resonance enhancement frequency of the branch, so as to achieve priority flow supply and injection enhancement of the target branch under the same supply pressure conditions.

[0186] After the system enters the handling state, the controller module controls the dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit to perform its corresponding response task, supplying the target area pipeline according to a two-stage pulse injection strategy of first suppressing high frequency and then covering low frequency.

[0187] In the initial stage of the treatment, a high-frequency pulse mode is used, with a pulse frequency of 20-30Hz and a spray duration of 10-30 seconds. The spray is directed towards the target cell 3, quickly forming localized atomized bubbles. The foam covers and suppresses the flame and spray fire. After 30 seconds, the controller module issues a command to dynamically adjust the frequency and switch to a low-frequency deep cooling mode, with a pulse frequency of 5-10Hz and a duration of no less than 180 seconds, to enhance foam coverage, cooling penetration, and continuous inerting and dilution. Throughout the treatment process, the spray driving pressure is maintained by a closed-loop pipeline pressure system. The instantaneous spray pressure is 1.20±0.10MPa, prioritizing the current supply to the target branch. After the energy storage battery module is under control, adjacent cells 3 can be sprayed with 1-3 short pulses to reduce the risk of heat propagation until the risk is eliminated.

[0188] When the multimodal perception and decision control unit determines that the risk clearance condition is met (the surface temperature of cell 3 drops back to the ambient temperature and...) After the temperature reaches ≤0.03℃ / s, duration ≥300s, and H2 concentration ≤100ppm and CO2 concentration ≤1000ppm, the system enters standby inspection mode. The remaining pressure in the pipeline is released through the pressure relief valve, restoring the system to standby baseline or normal pressure. The system records the time, temperature curve, pressure curve, addressing branch, injection duration, and consumption of the flame-suppressing medium for traceability analysis. This information is fed back to the decision control unit and, combined with health self-diagnosis, a low-amplitude diagnostic pulse (6-10Hz, duration 5-10s) is executed after the fire, re-measuring the impedance fingerprint and comparing it with the initial database. If the deviation is greater than ±10%, a branch blockage, leakage, or valve malfunction is indicated, generating a maintenance prompt. During maintenance, the triggered fuse end injection valve 21 element is manually replaced, residual medium is cleaned, and baseline pressurization and frequency response scanning are re-executed to complete system reset.

[0189] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0190] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A flame suppression system for a pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module, characterized in that, It includes a biomimetic diversion network, a flame-suppressing medium driving unit, a dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit, and a multimodal sensing and decision control unit; The biomimetic shunt network is embedded inside the battery module and integrally formed with the module's support structure. The biomimetic shunt network includes at least one main pipeline arranged along the direction of the battery module's cell array, primary branch pipelines branching from the main pipeline, two secondary branch pipelines formed by the bifurcations at the ends of the primary branch pipelines, and two tertiary branch pipelines formed by the bifurcations at the ends of each secondary branch pipeline. Each tertiary branch pipeline is connected to a nozzle unit at its end. The nozzle units corresponding to the two tertiary branch pipelines are symmetrically arranged above a cell safety valve and point towards the center of the safety valve to spray flame-suppressing medium onto the safety valve through cross-over. The nozzle unit includes an injection valve and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The inner cavity of the injection valve is divided into a branch pipe connection section, a resonant pressure boosting section, and a constriction throat section along the medium conveying direction. The branch pipe connection section is connected to a three-level branch pipeline, and the constriction throat section is connected to the high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The diameter of the resonant pressure boosting section is larger than that of the branch pipe connection section and the constriction throat section. A central block is provided at the front of the resonant pressure boosting section. An annular gap is formed between the central block and the inner wall of the resonant pressure boosting section. The resonant pressure boosting section between the annular gap and the constriction throat section forms a Helmholtz resonant pressure boosting zone to achieve resonant enhanced injection of the flame-suppressing medium. Each tertiary branch pipeline and its nozzle unit are defined as a whole as a tertiary branch, and the parameters of each tertiary branch are designed to satisfy the following frequency relationship: in, Let be the natural frequency of the branch, c be the speed of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam, A be the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular slit, and Le be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit. The volume of the Helmholtz resonant booster region; The inherent frequencies of each of the three-level branches corresponding to the energy storage battery module are different, thus making each three-level branch a unique end effector with a unique frequency response characteristic. The flame-suppressing medium driving unit provides a frequency-adjustable pulsating foam flame-suppressing medium to the biomimetic diversion network through the main pipeline input terminal; The multimodal sensing and decision control unit fuses multi-source signal data to locate the thermal runaway region and maps it to the corresponding branch; The dynamic impedance addressing and resonance enhancement unit cooperates with the flame suppression medium driving unit to identify the fluid parameters at the end of each branch online through frequency sweeping excitation, track the natural frequency of each nozzle unit in real time and lock the target branch, and drive the flame suppression medium driving unit with the frequency to excite the target nozzle unit to resonate in order to achieve priority flow supply and efficient injection of the target branch. The flame-suppressing medium driving unit includes a flame-suppressing medium storage tank, a gas source driving module, an injection control module, a foam proportioning mixing module, a high-frequency pulsation generation module, and a viscosity online adjustment module. The flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the gas source driving module are respectively connected to the input end of the foam proportioning mixing module. The output end of the foam proportioning mixing module is connected to the input end of the high-frequency pulsation generation module. The output end of the high-frequency pulsation generation module is connected to the input end of the main pipeline. It is used to apply a pulsating pressure wave of a set frequency to the foam flow flame-suppressing medium to drive the flame-suppressing medium into the pipeline network. The viscosity online adjustment module is connected to the main pipeline and is used to adjust the viscosity of the flame-suppressing medium online. The injection control module includes a solenoid valve disposed between the flame-suppressing medium storage tank and the foam proportioning mixing module and a pulse valve disposed between the gas source driving module and the foam proportioning mixing module.

2. The flame suppression system for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameters of the main pipeline and each branch pipeline are set according to a biomimetic power law relationship that decreases progressively from the main pipeline to the branch pipeline. The radius relationship between the main pipeline and each branch pipeline satisfies: The relationship between the lengths of the main pipeline and the branch pipelines is expressed as follows: In the formula The biomimetic index is determined by actual flow resistance testing and target allocation strategy calibration. For the main road radius, The radius of the secondary branch pipeline, For the length of the main road, The length of the secondary branch pipeline. The structural index is determined by both actual flow resistance testing and installation space constraints, where n represents the total number of secondary branch pipes.

3. The flame suppression system for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimodal sensing and decision control unit includes a multi-source sensing acquisition module, a controller module, a BMS data interface module, and a communication module. The multi-source sensing acquisition module is used to acquire thermal runaway state parameters of the energy storage battery module and fluid state parameters of the biomimetic shunt network. The BMS data interface module is communicatively connected to the battery management system and is used to acquire the module cell voltage. Temperature rise rate The controller module is used to: determine the thermal runaway risk area based on the state parameters obtained by the multi-source sensor acquisition module and the variable feature parameters obtained by the BMS data interface module; and establish a fixed mapping table to map the risk area location information to the three-level branch pipeline and nozzle unit index to obtain the target enhancement branch index. The natural frequency of the target enhancement branch is calculated in real time using a recursive least squares algorithm and adaptive change tracking is achieved. The frequency of the pulsating pressure wave of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is set to be equal to the natural frequency of the target enhancement branch.

4. The flame suppression system for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-source sensing acquisition module includes a gas sensor array, a distributed fiber optic temperature measurement device, a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor, a miniature pressure sensor, an infrared thermal imaging microarray, and an acoustic emission sensor. The gas sensor array is arranged at the top and bottom of the battery module to collect gas concentration parameters at the top and bottom of the battery module in real time. The sensing fiber of the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement device is closely laid on the tabs and sidewall surfaces of each cell in the battery module to collect temperature parameters in the battery module in real time. The optical fiber of the distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor is spirally wound on the primary or secondary branch pipeline, and realizes pipeline pulsation propagation identification, frequency sweep response observation and resonant jet parameter adaptive feedback by locating abnormal vibration sources. The miniature pressure sensor is installed at the node of the pipeline to collect parameter characteristic data of pressure, pressure difference and pressure pulsation amplitude at the node in real time, so as to monitor the supply status of the flame-suppressing medium and the branch suction status in real time. The infrared thermal imaging microarray and acoustic emission sensor are embedded in the double sidewalls of each cell to visualize the temperature field of the battery module and capture mechanical wave signals of short circuits and lithium plating inside the battery.

5. A method for suppressing flames in a pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module, based on the flame suppression system for a pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Calculate the natural angular frequency of each third branch according to the following formula: ， in, Let i be the natural angular frequency of the third-order branch. Let be the equivalent flow cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap in the third-order branch i. Let be the equivalent acoustic length of the annular slit in the third-order branch i. The volume of the Helmholtz resonant booster region for the third-order branch i. The equivalent density of the flame-suppressing medium, The equivalent bulk modulus of the flame-suppressing medium. The equivalent liquid volume of the resonant boosting region of the third-order branch i. The gas phase density in the flame-suppressing medium. The density of the liquid phase in the flame-suppressing medium. The velocity of sound in the foam flow, i.e., the propagation speed of the driving pressure wave in the gas-liquid two-phase foam flow, is measured by a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor. It is the volume fraction. The foaming ratio of the foam flow; S2, through differentiated design and This makes the natural frequencies of each third-level branch... Within the frequency domain, a minimum separation threshold is met to form a distinguishable frequency response tag; S3. Under safe disturbance conditions, perform frequency sweeping or encoding of pressure waves on the biomimetic shunt network, collect baseline frequency response data for each third-level branch, obtain the baseline impedance fingerprint vector according to the following formula, and establish a baseline impedance fingerprint database accordingly. ; In the formula Let i be the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of the third-order branch i. Let i be the peak angular frequency of the frequency response of the third-order branch i. For peak gain, For the bandwidth of the third-level branch i, Peak phase; S4. Based on the nozzle unit position and cell number corresponding to each tertiary branch pipeline, establish a fixed mapping table of "cell number - nozzle unit array - tertiary branch pipeline"; S5. During system standby or operation intervals, control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to apply a frequency-sweeping pressure wave to the main pipeline inlet. The frequency range is 1–50 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.05–0.2 MPa. The flow response of each tertiary branch is collected synchronously. Calculate the pressure-flow transfer function: In the formula, The measured value of the frequency response tag. Let i be the amplitude of the flow pulsation. The pressure pulsation amplitude at the public inlet of the pipeline network; Obtain the frequency response curves of each third-level branch, thus forming a complete frequency response dataset for each third-level branch; S6. Based on the frequency response curve and frequency response dataset, each third-level branch is equivalent to a second-order fluid circuit model, and its impedance relationship is: In the formula Let j represent the equivalent flow resistance of the third-order branch i, where j denotes the imaginary unit. For the equivalent fluid sensation of the third-order branch i, ω is the equivalent liquid volume of the third-order branch i, f is the angular frequency of the pulsating pressure wave, and f is the pulsating frequency variable. S7. Using the recursive least squares online identification algorithm, based on actual measurements... Real-time updates of equivalent parameters for each branch Therefore, the natural frequencies of each of the current third-level branches can be calculated. To achieve adaptive tracking of inherent frequency changes: S8. Identify thermal runaway risk areas through the multi-source sensor acquisition module and BMS data interface module, and directly determine the target enhancement branch index through a preset fixed mapping table. The driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit will be adjusted. Set to equal to the intrinsic frequency of the target enhancement branch. This allows the resonant boosting zone of the target enhancement branch to undergo gas-liquid phase coupling resonance under pulsating pressure excitation, thereby achieving resonant enhancement injection of the flame-suppressing medium.

6. The flame suppression method for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules according to claim 5, characterized in that, S8 specifically includes the following steps: S8-1. Based on the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area and the corresponding cell number, determine the target tertiary branch index using the fixed mapping table "Cell Number – Nozzle Unit Array – Tertiary Branch Piping". If the risk area involves multiple candidate branches, a weighted Euclidean distance matching is performed to confirm the exact branch based on the nearest neighbor principle. In the formula, As the target third-level branch index being addressed. For the target fingerprint vector, based on the baseline impedance fingerprint database Obtain the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of the target candidate branch. Let i be the baseline impedance fingerprint vector of candidate branch i. w represents the weighted Euclidean distance; S8-2. Calculate the target tertiary branch from the updated model parameters. Natural frequency: In the formula Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent fluid sensation Enhance the third-level branch for the target The equivalent liquid volume; S8-3. Determine the optimal driving frequency. To maximize the admittance of the target branch, the driving frequency of the flame-suppressing medium driving unit is set as follows: In the formula For the optimal driving frequency, Enhance the third-level branch for the target Complex frequency domain impedance, To find the independent variable corresponding to the maximum value, Enhance the third-level branch for the target The larger the admittance, the greater the flow rate obtained by the third-level branch under the same pressure. S8-4, Control the flame-suppressing medium drive unit to drive the frequency Output pulsating pressure waves to enhance the target's three-level branch. This generates fluid resonance, allowing for preferential flow distribution under the same supply pressure.

7. The flame suppression method for pre-embedded pipeline energy storage battery modules according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before step S8-1, the temperature rise rate of the cells in each monitoring area within the battery module is extracted from the BMS data interface module and the multi-source sensor acquisition module. Voltage change rate Gas concentration change rate and local pressure pulsation changes in the pipeline network The characteristic parameters are calculated using a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion algorithm to determine the physical location of the thermal runaway risk area with the highest probability and the corresponding cell number. Two levels of thresholds are set based on the energy storage battery module type and calibration results. When the first level threshold is reached, the system enters the warning state and executes the warning state strategy. When the second level threshold is met, the system enters the disposal state and executes the disposal state strategy.

Images