Low-temperature adaptive hydrogen fuel cell condensate water anti-freezing and rapid cold start system

Abstract

The present application relates to hydrogen battery cold start technical field, and disclose a low temperature adaptability hydrogen fuel cell condensate water anti-freezing and quick cold start system, the system includes controller and fuel cell assembly, the fuel cell assembly is formed by the alternate layering of multiple bipolar plates and membrane electrode, the bipolar plate is formed by the buckling of cathode plate and anode plate to form a cooling liquid cavity, a memory alloy temperature control support block and multiple layers of disturbance vanes are arranged in the cathode channel of the cathode plate, the memory alloy shrinks to make the vanes swing greatly at low temperature, forming a wide channel and a mechanical ice-breaking double anti-freezing mechanism; the memory alloy expands to support the vanes at high temperature, narrows the flow channel and limits the slight vibration of the vanes, strengthens the drainage and mass transfer, and through the integrated design of structure, sensing and control, it is convenient to prevent the ice blockage of the cathode side flow channel, so that the hydrogen fuel cell can still be started stably and effectively even under ultra-low temperature working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell cold start technology, and in particular to a low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. Its core working principle is based on the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Inside the cell, hydrogen enters the anode side through bipolar plate channels and decomposes into protons and electrons under the action of a catalyst. Protons pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode side, while electrons, after doing work through external circuitry, reach the cathode and combine with simultaneously introduced oxygen and protons to generate pure water and release heat. To achieve this continuous reaction, a fuel cell typically consists of hundreds of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and bipolar plates stacked alternately to form a stack. The MEAs are responsible for the core of the electrochemical reaction, while the bipolar plates perform multiple functions, including gas distribution, current collection, heat conduction, and water discharge. Therefore, the operation of a fuel cell is essentially a dynamic equilibrium process involving the coupling of gas, heat, and water. The water generated in the reaction is not only a necessary byproduct for maintaining the wettability of the proton exchange membrane, but also a key factor that can easily cause ice blockage in the flow channels at low temperatures, leading to cold start failure.

[0003] Traditional hydrophobic coatings and optimized flow channel designs are insufficient to completely suppress the adhesion and accumulation of ice crystals on the flow channel walls at extreme low temperatures. Physical antifreeze capabilities are inadequate, and energy efficiency is a significant concern. Traditional external heating start-up methods are energy-intensive and difficult to match the real-time icing state inside the fuel cell stack. While the cathode under-air loading method can utilize self-generated heat, improper control of the excess air coefficient can easily lead to local hot spots or flooding, resulting in irreversible degradation of the membrane electrode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing low-temperature start-up technology for hydrogen fuel cells is limited by insufficient physical means to suppress ice blockage in the flow channel and dynamic mismatch between energy supply and internal state, making it difficult for the system to achieve efficient, non-destructive, and rapid start-up in low-temperature environments. To address this, we propose a low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start-up system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system, comprising: a controller and a fuel cell assembly, wherein the fuel cell assembly includes multiple bipolar plates and multiple membrane electrode assemblies, the bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies are alternately stacked, the bipolar plates include cathode plates and anode plates, the cathode plates and anode plates are interlocked and sealed, and a cooling liquid cavity for containing cooling medium is formed between the cathode plates and anode plates;

[0006] The anode plate has several anode channels evenly spaced on its side, and the cathode plate has several cathode channels evenly spaced on its side. The inner wall of the cathode channel is provided with disturbance blades and shape memory alloy temperature control support blocks. The disturbance blades are stacked sequentially along the height direction of the cathode channel. One end of each disturbance blade is fixed to the inner wall of the cathode channel, and the other end is a free end. The shape memory alloy temperature control support block is located below the bottommost disturbance blade, and the height of the shape memory alloy temperature control support block changes with temperature. At low temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block contracts, and each disturbance blade can swing significantly under the drive of airflow. At high temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block expands and rises, supporting each layer of disturbance blades in turn and limiting their swing amplitude.

[0007] Preferably, the length of each disturbance blade gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the disturbance blade is provided with multiple support endpoints, with the free end of the upper disturbance blade overlapping the support endpoint of its lower disturbance blade.

[0008] Preferably, the arrangement density of the disturbance blades gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0009] Preferably, a gas distribution groove is fixedly connected to the top of the cathode plate, the gas distribution groove is connected to the cathode channel, a cathode air intake manifold is vertically penetrating the interior of the gas distribution groove, and the cathode air intake manifold is connected to the gas distribution groove.

[0010] Preferably, a gas supply mechanism is installed at the outer end of the cathode intake manifold, and a pulse control valve is installed in the gas supply mechanism to precisely adjust the air flow rate supplied from the cathode intake manifold to the gas distribution slot and the inside of the cathode channel.

[0011] Preferably, a gas collecting groove is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode plate, and a cathode gas outlet manifold runs horizontally through the inside of the gas collecting groove, and the cathode gas outlet manifold is connected to the gas collecting groove.

[0012] Preferably, a MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor is installed inside the cathode outlet manifold.

[0013] Preferably, the bipolar plate has outwardly extending conductive electrode tabs at its edge, and the ends of the conductive electrode tabs are electrically connected to a single-chip voltage acquisition device.

[0014] Preferably, one side of the coolant chamber is connected to a coolant inlet pipe, and the other side of the coolant chamber is connected to a coolant outlet pipe. The coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are connected by an external pipeline to form a closed coolant circuit. The coolant circuit is equipped with a coolant drive pump, as well as a heater and a radiator connected in series, for regulating the temperature of the coolant entering the coolant chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the controller is electrically connected to the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor, the single-chip voltage acquisition device, the pulse control valve in the gas supply mechanism, and the coolant circuit, respectively. The controller is used to send control commands to the pulse control valve and the coolant circuit according to the received water pressure, temperature, and voltage signals.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0017] This invention achieves reliable antifreeze and rapid cold start of hydrogen fuel cells in low-temperature environments through synergistic innovation of structure, sensing, and control. At the structural level, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block drives multi-layered turbulence blades to achieve temperature-adaptive flow channel morphology switching. At low temperatures, the blades contract to form a wide channel and release large swing, completely eliminating the risk of ice blockage through a dual mechanism of hydraulic dredging and mechanical ice breaking. At high temperatures, the blades expand to narrow the flow channel and limit blade micro-vibration, which both strengthens drainage shear force and continuously disturbs the boundary layer to improve power generation efficiency.

[0018] At the sensing level, the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor and single-chip voltage acquisition device in the cathode outlet manifold form a macroscopic and microscopic multi-source fusion sensing network. Even in the extremely cold environment of -35℃, it can accurately capture ice blockage signs such as abnormal flow channel pressure and sudden drop in local voltage, providing a reliable data basis for dynamic compensation.

[0019] At the control level, the controller's built-in three-level dynamic response strategy deeply integrates physical structure and intelligent algorithms. During shutdown, it achieves phase change pre-regulation through low-frequency high-amplitude pulse purging. During startup, it dynamically matches pulse parameters and heating power according to the temperature range. In case of failure, it actively reduces load and triggers emergency safety response. This fundamentally solves the three major technical bottlenecks in traditional technology: flow channel ice blockage, sensing failure, and energy efficiency contradiction. It achieves automatic switching between low-temperature antifreeze priority and high-temperature performance priority on a single structure, providing a systematic solution that combines reliability, efficiency, and safety for the engineering application of hydrogen fuel cells in extremely cold environments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts:

[0021] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of the fuel cell component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bipolar plate portion of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bipolar plate portion of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cathode channel portion of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shape memory alloy temperature control support block in the cathode channel section of the present invention in a contracted state.

[0029] Legend: 1. Cathode plate; 2. Anode plate; 3. Coolant chamber; 4. Cathode channel; 5. Shape memory alloy temperature control support block; 6. Disturbance blade; 7. Support end point; 8. Cathode inlet manifold; 9. Cathode outlet manifold; 10. MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor; 11. Gas distribution channel; 12. Gas collection channel; 13. Coolant inlet pipe; 14. Coolant outlet pipe; 15. Anode channel; 16. Membrane electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system, comprising: a controller and a fuel cell assembly, the fuel cell assembly comprising multiple bipolar plates and multiple membrane electrode 16, the bipolar plates and membrane electrode 16 being alternately stacked, the bipolar plates comprising a cathode plate 1 and an anode plate 2, the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2 being interlocked and sealed, and the cathode plate 1 and the anode plate 2 forming a cooling liquid chamber 3 for containing the cooling medium, the anode plate 2 having a plurality of anode channels 15 equally spaced on its side for hydrogen flow and distribution, the cathode plate 1 having a plurality of cathode channels 4 equally spaced on its side for air flow and discharge of water generated by electrochemical reaction.

[0032] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the inner wall of the cathode channel 4 is provided with disturbance blades 6 and shape memory alloy temperature control support blocks 5. The disturbance blades 6 are stacked sequentially along the height direction of the cathode channel 4. One end of each disturbance blade 6 is fixed to the inner wall of the cathode channel 4, and the other end is a free end. The length of each disturbance blade 6 gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0033] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the outer wall of the disturbance blade 6 is provided with multiple support endpoints 7. The free end of the upper disturbance blade 6 overlaps the support endpoint 7 of the lower disturbance blade 6. By providing multiple support endpoints 7, the free end of the upper disturbance blade 6 can selectively overlap any part of the outer wall of the lower disturbance blade 6, so as to realize the independent adjustment of the density of the disturbance blade 6 and avoid the density limitation of one-to-one overlap.

[0034] The arrangement density of the disturbance blades 6 gradually increases from top to bottom, forming a vertical gradient distribution with a denser lower layer and a sparser upper layer. This gives the bottom of the cathode channel 4, which is the area prone to water accumulation, a stronger mechanical ice-breaking capability. The upper mainstream area of ​​the cathode channel 4 only needs moderate disturbance to enhance mass transfer.

[0035] The shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 is located below the lowest layer of disturbance blades 6. It is made of NiTi shape memory alloy thin film material, and its phase transformation temperature is set at 5℃-10℃. The height of the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 changes with the temperature. At low temperatures, that is, when the temperature is below its phase transformation point, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 is in the martensitic phase and shrinks to a low position. The free ends of each disturbance blade 6 are suspended and can swing significantly under the drive of airflow. At high temperatures, that is, when the temperature is greater than or equal to the phase transformation point, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 transforms into austenite, expands and rises, supporting the lower layer of disturbance blades 6. After the lower layer of disturbance blades 6 tilts at a certain angle, it is then lifted up layer by layer, increasing the tilt angle of each layer of disturbance blades 6 and limiting its swing amplitude to a small-angle micro-vibration state.

[0036] At low temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 contracts, restoring the flow channel in the cathode channel 4 to a wide channel, providing unobstructed physical drainage space for ice crystals and liquid water. At the same time, the large-scale swinging disturbance blades 6 forcefully peel off the ice crystals on the wall through mechanical impact, forming a dual antifreeze mechanism of hydraulic drainage and mechanical ice breaking. At high temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 expands, supporting the disturbance blades 6 and narrowing the flow channel in the cathode channel 4. The airflow speed is increased, enhancing the drainage shear force. At the same time, the disturbance blades 6 are restricted to high-frequency micro-vibration, which continuously disturbs the boundary layer to enhance mass transfer and improve power generation efficiency, while avoiding excessive swinging that increases flow resistance and water evaporation. Thus, in a single structure, the automatic switching between low-temperature antifreeze priority and high-temperature performance priority is achieved, perfectly solving the technical contradiction of traditional fixed flow channels in variable temperature conditions where drainage and heat preservation, antifreeze and efficiency improvement are difficult to achieve simultaneously.

[0037] The fabrication process of the disturbance blade 6 and the support end point 7 on the inner wall of the cathode channel 4 utilizes microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to achieve precise fabrication of micron-level structures.

[0038] S1. Substrate preparation: A silicon substrate or a metal bipolar plate with an insulating layer deposited on its surface is used as the substrate. After cleaning, a sulfur dioxide insulating layer with a thickness of 1-2 μm is grown by thermal oxidation.

[0039] S2. Deposited shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5: NiTi shape memory alloy thin film with a thickness of 2-5μm is deposited by magnetron sputtering. The arrayed shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 is formed by photolithography and ion beam etching. The phase transition temperature is precisely controlled to 8℃ by adjusting the Ni / Ti ratio.

[0040] S3. The perturbation blades 6 and support endpoints 7 are fabricated layer by layer using a multi-layer sacrificial layer technique. The perturbation blade array 6 is constructed layer by layer: the first sacrificial layer is deposited with sulfur dioxide, 20 μm thick, and patterned using photolithography to define the cavity height below the bottommost perturbation blade 6; a conductive layer of Pt / Au, 15 μm thick, is sputtered and deposited, and the bottommost perturbation blade 6 pattern is formed using photolithography, with a blade length of 200 μm; micro-protrusion support endpoints 7 are fabricated on the bottommost perturbation blade 6 using secondary photolithography, with the support endpoint 7 having a height... 5μm, spacing 50-100μm, with 3 to 5 support endpoints 7 on each blade; deposit a second sacrificial layer with a thickness of 15μm, patterned by photolithography, defining the gap between the second and first layers; sputter-deposit a middle layer of perturbation blades 6 with a length of 150μm, selectively overlapping the support endpoints 7 of the lower layer blades; deposit a third sacrificial layer with a thickness of 10μm, patterned by photolithography; sputter-deposit an upper layer of perturbation blades 6 with a length of 100μm, selectively overlapping the support endpoints 7 of the lower or middle layer of perturbation blades 6;

[0041] S4, LPCVD deposited SiRN channel top cover, 1.5μm thick, etched release holes, HF vapor etched to remove each sacrificial layer, after release, the disturbance blade 6 is suspended, forming a movable structure.

[0042] In the above process, by controlling the pattern density of each photomask layer, a vertical gradient distribution of the perturbation blade arrangement density is achieved: the lower layer density is 80 blades / cm². 2 40 cells / cm in the middle layer 2 20 per cm in the upper layer 2 .

[0043] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, a gas distribution groove 11 is fixedly connected to the top of the cathode plate 1. The gas distribution groove 11 is connected to the cathode channel 4. A cathode air inlet manifold 8 runs vertically through the interior of the gas distribution groove 11 and is connected to the gas distribution groove 11. A gas supply mechanism is installed at the outer end of the cathode air inlet manifold 8. A pulse control valve is installed in the gas supply mechanism to precisely regulate the air flow supplied from the cathode air inlet manifold 8 to the gas distribution groove 11 and the interior of the cathode channel 4.

[0044] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a gas collecting groove 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode plate 1. The gas collecting groove 12 is connected to the bottom of all cathode channels 4 and is used to collect the gas-liquid mixture discharged from each cathode channel 4. A cathode outlet manifold 9 runs horizontally through the inside of the gas collecting groove 12 and is connected to the gas collecting groove 12. A MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 is installed inside the cathode outlet manifold 9 to monitor the pressure and temperature of the discharged fluid in real time.

[0045] The MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 employs a flexible substrate design, offering advantages such as acid corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, short response time, and in-situ measurement capability. The sensor's sensitive area measures 500 × 500 μm. 2 Pressure measurement range: 0-3 atm; Temperature measurement range: -40℃ to 120℃.

[0046] The bipolar plate has outwardly extending conductive tabs at its edge. The conductive tabs are integrally formed or welded to the bipolar plate. The ends of the conductive tabs are electrically connected to a single voltage acquisition device for real-time acquisition of the voltage signal of each single cell. The tabs of adjacent bipolar plates are staggered on the same side of the stack to facilitate the connection of the voltage acquisition terminals.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one side of the coolant chamber 3 is connected to the coolant inlet pipe 13, and the other side of the coolant chamber 3 is connected to the coolant outlet pipe 14. The coolant inlet pipe 13 and the coolant outlet pipe 14 are connected by external pipelines to form a closed coolant circuit. The coolant circuit is equipped with a coolant drive pump, a heater and a radiator, and a thermostat for switching the circulation mode. The heater and the radiator are arranged in series, and the temperature of the coolant entering the coolant chamber 3 can be adjusted as needed. The coolant circuit is also equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the coolant temperature and provide feedback signals to the controller.

[0048] The controller is electrically connected to the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10, the single-chip voltage acquisition device, the pulse control valve in the gas supply mechanism, and the coolant circuit. The controller is used to send control commands to the pulse control valve and the coolant circuit based on the received water pressure, temperature and voltage signals.

[0049] The controller includes the following functional modules:

[0050] Signal acquisition module: used to receive pressure and temperature signals from MEMS pressure and temperature composite sensor 10, voltage signals from single-chip voltage acquisition device, and signals from coolant circuit temperature sensor;

[0051] Status recognition module: used to determine the current status of the fuel cell stack based on the received signals, including temperature status (whether it is below freezing point), flow channel status (whether ice blockage has occurred), and voltage status (whether an abnormal drop has occurred).

[0052] Control strategy module: Built-in three-level dynamic response control strategy, which outputs corresponding control commands based on the state recognition results;

[0053] Drive output module: Used to output control signals to pulse control valves, heaters, and drive pumps to execute control commands.

[0054] The three-level dynamic response control method of the controller is as follows:

[0055] Level 1: Shutdown prediction and phase change control. When the system receives a shutdown command and the ambient temperature is below 0°C, the controller executes the following steps:

[0056] The temperature of the fuel cell stack is monitored by a MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10, and the status of the fuel cell stack is monitored by a single-chip voltage acquisition device.

[0057] If the temperature is lower than the set threshold, the controller sends a command to the pulse control valve of the gas supply mechanism to output a low-frequency, high-amplitude pulsed airflow with a frequency of 0.1-0.2Hz and a pulse flow rate of 3-5 times the base flow rate.

[0058] The pulsed airflow drives the disturbance blades 6 in each layer to swing dramatically, mechanically shaking off and blowing out the liquid water adhering to the inner wall of the cathode channel 4.

[0059] Continue purging until the flow channel pressure monitored by the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 stabilizes, or until a set time, such as 30-60 seconds, is reached, to ensure that no liquid water remains and freezes.

[0060] Level 2: Intelligent heating and load shifting during cold start

[0061] When the system receives a start command and the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 detects that the stack temperature is below -10°C, the controller executes three-stage control:

[0062] Preheating period: The controller switches the coolant circuit to small circulation mode and starts the heater to preheat the coolant. The preheated coolant flows through the coolant chamber 3 to heat the entire fuel cell stack. At the same time, the controller controls the pulse control valve of the gas supply mechanism to introduce low-flow air into the cathode channel 4 with an excess coefficient λ=1.2-1.5 and superimposes a low-frequency pulse with a frequency of 0.1Hz and a pulse amplitude of 4 times. The pulse airflow drives the disturbance blades 6 to swing significantly, mechanically breaking up any ice crystals that may form, while also promoting the transfer of heat to the channel wall. The controller continuously monitors the temperature signal of the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 and the voltage signal of the single-chip voltage acquisition device.

[0063] Ice melting period: When the temperature rises above -10℃, the controller gradually increases the airflow to λ=1.5-2.0, increases the pulse frequency to 0.5Hz, and reduces the amplitude to 2.5 times. At this time, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 is still in a contracted state, and the disturbance blade 6 maintains a large swing to assist in the melting of ice crystals and the discharge of meltwater. The controller closely monitors the voltage of individual cells. If it detects that the voltage of a certain cell drops below the set threshold, such as 5%, it is determined to be a sign of local ice blockage and immediately triggers a high-amplitude pulse to clear the blockage.

[0064] Loading period: When the temperature rises above 0℃, the controller begins to apply current, with an initial current density of 0.1A / cm². 2 The load is gradually increased at a preset slope, such as 5A / s; a predictive model of the stack temperature-voltage-current load ramp rate is established, and the voltage change of a single cell is monitored in real time; if a voltage drop is detected, indicating ice blockage, the model predicts the voltage trend in the next 1-2 seconds and dynamically reduces the load in advance, such as reducing the load ramp rate to 2A / s and increasing the pulse purging intensity. After the voltage recovers, the normal load ramp rate is restored; when the stack temperature rises above 10℃, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block 5 completes the phase change, lifts up the disturbance blades 6 of each layer, and the swing amplitude is limited to ±5°, switching to normal operation mode.

[0065] Level 3: Fault Linkage and Safety Response

[0066] The flow channel is considered severely blocked when any of the following conditions are detected:

[0067] The MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor 10 of the cathode outlet manifold 9 detected a continuous abnormal increase in pressure, exceeding the normal operating value by more than 30%; the voltage of multiple single cells dropped simultaneously, with a decrease of more than 20%; and the voltage could not be recovered after multiple pulse purging attempts.

[0068] Controller initiates graded fault response:

[0069] Primary fault: Actively reduce the load to 50% of the current power, while increasing the pulse frequency to 2Hz and the amplitude to 5 times, and evaluate the recovery status after 10 seconds;

[0070] Critical Fault: If the primary fault response is ineffective, the system sends an emergency landing request to the flight control system to maintain minimum safe power, such as 5% of rated power, to ensure a controlled forced landing, while recording the fault code for subsequent diagnosis.

[0071] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system, characterized in that, The invention includes a controller and a fuel cell assembly. The fuel cell assembly includes multiple bipolar plates and multiple membrane electrode assemblies. The bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies are stacked alternately. Each bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate. The cathode plate and the anode plate are interlocked and sealed together. A cooling liquid chamber for containing cooling medium is formed between the cathode plate and the anode plate. The anode plate has several anode channels evenly spaced on its side, and the cathode plate has several cathode channels evenly spaced on its side. The inner wall of the cathode channel is provided with disturbance blades and shape memory alloy temperature control support blocks. The disturbance blades are stacked sequentially along the height direction of the cathode channel. One end of each disturbance blade is fixed to the inner wall of the cathode channel, and the other end is a free end. The shape memory alloy temperature control support block is located below the bottommost disturbance blade, and the height of the shape memory alloy temperature control support block changes with temperature. At low temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block contracts, and each disturbance blade can swing significantly under the drive of airflow. At high temperatures, the shape memory alloy temperature control support block expands and rises, supporting each layer of disturbance blades in turn and limiting their swing amplitude.

2. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of each disturbance blade gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the disturbance blade is provided with multiple support endpoints. The free end of the upper disturbance blade overlaps the support endpoint of its lower disturbance blade.

3. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement density of the disturbance blades gradually increases from top to bottom.

4. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas distribution groove is fixedly connected to the top of the cathode plate. The gas distribution groove is connected to the cathode channel. A cathode air intake manifold runs vertically through the interior of the gas distribution groove and is connected to the gas distribution groove.

5. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A gas supply mechanism is installed at the outer end of the cathode intake manifold, and a pulse control valve is installed inside the gas supply mechanism to precisely regulate the air flow supplied from the cathode intake manifold to the gas distribution slot and the inside of the cathode channel.

6. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas collecting groove is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode plate. A cathode gas outlet manifold runs horizontally through the inside of the gas collecting groove, and the cathode gas outlet manifold is connected to the gas collecting groove.

7. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cathode outlet manifold is equipped with a MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor.

8. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bipolar plate has outwardly extending conductive electrode tabs at its edge, and the ends of the conductive electrode tabs are electrically connected to a single-chip voltage acquisition device.

9. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the coolant chamber is connected to a coolant inlet pipe, and the other side of the coolant chamber is connected to a coolant outlet pipe. The coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are connected by an external pipeline to form a closed coolant circuit. A coolant drive pump, as well as a heater and a radiator connected in series, are provided on the coolant circuit to regulate the temperature of the coolant entering the coolant chamber.

10. The low-temperature adaptable hydrogen fuel cell condensate antifreeze and rapid cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is electrically connected to the MEMS pressure-temperature composite sensor, the single-chip voltage acquisition device, the pulse control valve in the gas supply mechanism, and the coolant circuit. The controller is used to send control commands to the pulse control valve and the coolant circuit based on the received water pressure, temperature, and voltage signals.

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