Photovoltaic module
By adopting the alternating arrangement of the second and third electrodes of the solar cells and the simplified design of the electrical connectors in the three-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the problems of excessive solder ribbon consumption and high cost are solved, achieving cost reduction, performance improvement and enhanced reliability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LONGI GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD XIXIAN NEW AREA BRANCH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
In three-terminal tandem photovoltaic modules, the series connection of the cells is too complex, resulting in excessive consumption of solder ribbon, high cost of photovoltaic modules, and impact on product competitiveness.
The three-terminal stacked solar cell design is adopted, with the second and third electrodes of the solar cell arranged alternately. The electrical connectors extend in a certain direction and connect the three solar cells in series, which simplifies the arrangement of the electrical connectors, reduces bending, and reduces the consumption of electrical connectors.
It reduces the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules, enhances product competitiveness, avoids performance degradation caused by bending of electrical connectors, improves connection reliability and photoelectric conversion efficiency, and prevents local short circuits.
Smart Images
Figure CN121908737A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic module technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology
[0002] Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electrical energy. Three-terminal tandem photovoltaic (TPPV) modules, as a type of photovoltaic module, are characterized by high photoelectric conversion efficiency and strong applicability to various scenarios. A three-terminal tandem photovoltaic module consists of solar cells with three electrodes: a positive or negative electrode on the front side of the cell, and both positive and negative electrodes on the back side.
[0003] In related technologies, one end of the first solder ribbon is connected to the positive electrode on the back of a solar cell, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode on the back of an adjacent solar cell. One end of the second solder ribbon is connected to either the positive or negative electrode on the front of a solar cell, and the second solder ribbon needs to cross at least one adjacent solar cell to connect to the electrodes of other solar cells. This series connection method results in excessive solder ribbon consumption and high costs for photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application discloses a photovoltaic module to solve the problem that in the prior art, the series connection of the cells in the three-terminal tandem photovoltaic module is too complicated, resulting in excessive consumption of solder ribbon, high manufacturing cost of photovoltaic module, and affecting the competitiveness of photovoltaic module products.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: This application discloses a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of solar cells, each solar cell being a three-terminal stacked solar cell. Each solar cell has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. A first electrode is disposed on the first surface of the solar cell, and a second electrode and a third electrode are disposed on the second surface of the solar cell. The second and third electrodes are arranged alternately, with the polarity of the second electrode being the same as that of the first electrode, and the polarity of the third electrode being opposite to that of the first electrode. An electrical connector extends along a first direction. Along the first direction, three of the solar cells are sequentially defined as a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell. One end of the electrical connector is disposed on the first surface of the first solar cell and electrically connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell. The other end of the electrical connector passes between the first and second solar cells, is disposed on the second surface of the second solar cell, and electrically connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell. It continues to extend along the first direction to the second surface of the third solar cell and electrically connected to the third electrode of the third solar cell.
[0006] In some embodiments, the second electrode and the third electrode both extend along a first direction, and the second electrode and the third electrode are arranged alternately along a second direction; wherein the first direction intersects the second direction.
[0007] In some embodiments, the first electrode of the first battery cell, the second electrode of the second battery cell, and the third electrode of the third battery cell are collinear along the first direction.
[0008] In some embodiments, the first electrode has a first projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell, and the third electrode has a second projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell, wherein the first projection and the second projection at least partially overlap.
[0009] In some embodiments, in each of the solar cells, the number of the third electrodes is equal to the number of the first electrodes; and / or, the number of the third electrodes is equal to the number of the second electrodes.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first electrode of the first battery cell and the first electrode of the third battery cell are collinear along the first direction; and / or, the first electrode of the first battery cell and the second electrode of the second battery cell are collinear along the first direction; and / or, the second electrode of the first battery cell and the first electrode of the second battery cell are collinear along the first direction.
[0011] In some embodiments, the solar cell is an R-type three-terminal stacked solar cell.
[0012] In some embodiments, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the solar cell includes a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell stacked on the first sub-cell; the first sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the second sub-cell is a perovskite cell; or, both the first sub-cell and the second sub-cell are perovskite cells.
[0013] In some embodiments, the first electrode includes a first main grid extending along the first direction and disposed on the first surface of the solar cell; the second electrode includes a second main grid, and the third electrode includes a third main grid, both the second main grid and the third main grid extending along the first direction and arranged alternately at intervals along the second direction on the second surface of the solar cell.
[0014] In some embodiments, the first electrode includes a first electrical connection point group, the first electrical connection point group including a plurality of first electrical connection points, the plurality of first electrical connection points being spaced apart along the first direction on a first surface of the battery cell; the second electrode includes a second electrical connection point group, the second electrical connection point group including a plurality of second electrical connection points, the plurality of second electrical connection points being spaced apart along the first direction on a second surface of the battery cell; the third electrode includes a third electrical connection point group, along a second direction, the third electrical connection point group and the second electrical connection point group being alternately spaced apart on the second surface of the battery cell, the third electrical connection point group including a plurality of third electrical connection points, the plurality of third electrical connection points being spaced apart along the first direction; wherein, the second direction intersects the first direction.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first and second battery cells are centrally symmetrical; and / or, the third battery cell is centrally symmetrical to the second battery cell.
[0016] This application discloses a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of three-terminal stacked solar cells. Each solar cell has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. A first electrode is disposed on the first surface of the solar cell, and a second electrode and a third electrode are disposed on the second surface of the solar cell. The second electrode and the third electrode are alternately spaced along a second direction. The polarity of the second electrode is the same as that of the first electrode, and the polarity of the third electrode is opposite to that of the first electrode. The plurality of three-terminal stacked solar cells include a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell spaced apart along a first direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. An electrical connector extends along the first direction. One end of the electrical connector is disposed on the first surface of the first solar cell and electrically connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell. The other end of the electrical connector passes between the first solar cell and the second solar cell, is disposed on the second surface of the second solar cell and electrically connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell, and continues to extend along the first direction to the second surface of the third solar cell and electrically connected to the third electrode of the third solar cell.
[0017] The photovoltaic module disclosed in this application includes a solar cell, which is a three-terminal tandem solar cell. A first electrode is disposed on a first surface of the solar cell, and a second electrode and a third electrode are disposed on a second surface of the solar cell. The second electrode and the third electrode are arranged alternately at intervals. The polarity of the second electrode is the same as that of the first electrode, and the polarity of the third electrode is opposite to that of the first electrode. An electrical connector extends along a first direction. Along the first direction, three solar cells in a plurality of solar cells are sequentially defined as a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell. One end of the electrical connector is disposed on the first surface of the first solar cell and electrically connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell. The other end of the electrical connector passes between the first and second solar cells, is disposed on the second surface of the second solar cell, and is electrically connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell. Furthermore, the other end of the electrical connector extends along a first direction to the second surface of the third solar cell and is electrically connected to the third electrode of the third solar cell. Thus, the first, second, and third solar cells are connected in series by the electrical connector, which simplifies the arrangement of the electrical connectors and reduces the bending of the electrical connectors in the series connection. This not only reduces the consumption of electrical connectors in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and improving the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module, but also avoids the performance degradation of the photovoltaic module caused by the bending of the electrical connectors, thus improving the connection reliability of the electrical connectors in the photovoltaic module.
[0018] Furthermore, by simplifying the arrangement of electrical connectors, the insulation method between the electrical connectors and the electrodes can also be simplified, thereby avoiding the photovoltaic module from being prone to partial short circuits due to overly complex insulation methods, which would affect the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a photovoltaic module as described in the prior art. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the connection circuit of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a top view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the structure of the three-terminal stacked solar cell described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the structure of the three-terminal stacked solar cell described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 .
[0020] Figure label: 10: Solar cell; 11: First electrode; 12: Second electrode; 13: Third electrode; 14: First solar cell; 15: Second solar cell; 16: Third solar cell; 17: First sub-solar cell; 18: Second sub-solar cell; 20: Electrical connectors; X: First direction; Y: Second direction. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of the present invention.
[0022] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0023] In traditional solar cells, the efficiency of single-junction cells is approaching the theoretical limit. Researchers are now turning their attention to tandem cells, which have the potential for even higher theoretical efficiency. Among these, three-terminal tandem cells are attracting attention due to their unique structural advantages. A three-terminal tandem cell has either a positive or negative electrode on its front side, and both positive and negative electrodes on its back side. When multiple three-terminal cells are connected, if one cell experiences a problem, the remaining cells can still generate electricity, preventing a single cell from affecting the overall module performance and enhancing the module's stability.
[0024] However, in practical applications, because three-terminal tandem solar cells have three electrodes, interconnection often requires solder ribbons to span the cells to achieve voltage matching. For example... Figure 1 As shown, in the prior art, one end of the first solder strip is connected to the positive electrode on the back of the first solar cell, and the other end of the first solder strip extends to the back of the second solar cell and is connected to the negative electrode on the back of the second solar cell. One end of the second solder strip is connected to the positive electrode on the front of the first solar cell. The second solder strip also needs to extend, cross the second solar cell, and pass through the gap between the second and third solar cells to connect to the negative electrode on the back of the third solar cell. Figure 1 In this process, the series connection of solar cells leads to excessive consumption of solder ribbon, resulting in high costs for photovoltaic modules and further increasing the complexity of the process.
[0025] Furthermore, the second solder ribbon needs to cross the second solar cell. An insulating block is required between the second solder ribbon and the positive electrode on the front side of the second solar cell to prevent them from contacting and conducting, which could lead to voltage mismatch in the photovoltaic module and affect its final output power. In addition, the insulating block increases the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the solder ribbon often needs to be bent during the crossing process, resulting in poor reliability.
[0026] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a set of photovoltaic modules, such as... Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of solar cells 10, each of which is a three-terminal tandem solar cell. Each solar cell 10 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. A first electrode 11 is disposed on the first surface of the solar cell 10, and a second electrode 12 and a third electrode 13 are disposed on the second surface of the solar cell 10. The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are arranged alternately, with the polarity of the second electrode 12 being the same as that of the first electrode 11, and the polarity of the third electrode 13 being opposite to that of the first electrode 11. An electrical connector 20 extends along a first direction X. Along the first direction X, a plurality of... The three battery cells in the battery cell 10 are sequentially defined as the first battery cell 14, the second battery cell 15, and the third battery cell 16. One end of the electrical connector 20 is disposed on the first surface of the first battery cell 14 and electrically connected to the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14. The other end of the electrical connector 20 passes between the first battery cell 14 and the second battery cell 15, is disposed on the second surface of the second battery cell 15, and is electrically connected to the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15. It continues to extend along the first direction X to the second surface of the third battery cell 16 and is electrically connected to the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16.
[0027] This application discloses a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of solar cells 10, wherein the solar cells are three-terminal tandem solar cells. The solar cells 10, as the core component of the photovoltaic module, convert solar energy into electrical energy. It should be noted that the solar cells 10 in the embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem solar cells and perovskite / perovskite tandem solar cells. Of course, the above are merely individual examples of specific types of solar cells 10 in the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0028] In the thickness direction of the solar cell 10, the solar cell 10 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. When the first surface is the light-receiving surface facing the sunlight, i.e., the front surface, the second surface is the back surface facing away from the sunlight, i.e., the back surface. When the first surface is the back surface facing away from the sunlight, the second surface is the front surface facing the sunlight.
[0029] The following description will use the first surface as the front side of the solar cell 10 and the second surface as the back side of the solar cell 10 as an example to illustrate the photovoltaic module disclosed in the embodiments of this application.
[0030] On the plane containing the solar cell 10, the photovoltaic module has intersecting first direction X and second direction Y. Taking a rectangular or near-rectangular solar cell 10 as an example, the relevant explanation is as follows: When the first direction X is the length direction of the solar cell 10, the second direction Y is the width direction of the solar cell 10. When the first direction X is the width direction of the solar cell 10, the second direction Y is the length direction of the solar cell 10.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a first electrode 11 is provided on the first surface of the battery cell 10, and a second electrode 12 and a third electrode 13 are provided on the second surface of the battery cell 10. The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are arranged alternately on the second surface of the battery cell 10 to collect the charge carriers generated by the battery cell 10 through the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13.
[0032] It should be noted that the second electrode 12 and the first electrode 11 have the same polarity, while the third electrode 13 has the opposite polarity to the first electrode 11. In other words, the second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 have opposite polarities. For example, when the second electrode 12 is a p-terminal electrode, the third electrode 13 is an n-terminal electrode. When the second electrode 12 is an n-terminal electrode, the third electrode 13 is a p-terminal electrode. The first electrode 11 has the same polarity as the second electrode 12. That is, when the second electrode 12 is a p-terminal electrode, the first electrode 11 is also a p-terminal electrode; when the second electrode 12 is an N-terminal electrode, the first electrode 11 is also an N-terminal electrode.
[0033] The following will use the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 as n-terminal electrodes and the third electrode as p-terminal electrode as an example to illustrate the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application.
[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, each photovoltaic module includes multiple cell strings, and each cell string includes multiple solar cells 10, which are spaced apart along a first direction X. Along the first direction X, three of the solar cells 10 are sequentially defined as a first solar cell 14, a second solar cell 15, and a third solar cell 16, with the second solar cell 15 located between the first solar cell 14 and the third solar cell 16 in the first direction X. An electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X. One end of the electrical connector 20 is disposed on the first surface of the first solar cell 14, i.e., the front side of the first solar cell 14, and is electrically connected to the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell 14 to collect the charge carriers collected by the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell 14. The other end of the electrical connector 20 passes through the gap between the first solar cell 14 and the second solar cell 15, and is disposed along the first direction X on the second surface of the second solar cell 15, i.e., the back side of the second solar cell 15, and is electrically connected to the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15 to collect the charge carriers collected by the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15. Furthermore, the other end of the electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X to the second surface of the third battery cell 16, that is, the back surface of the third battery cell 16, and is electrically connected to the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 to collect the charge carriers collected by the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16.
[0035] It should be noted that, as Figure 2 As shown in the red dashed box, along the first direction X, the first battery cell 14, the second battery cell 15, and the third battery cell 16 are three battery cells arranged in any order in the middle position of the battery string. That is to say, the first battery cell 14, the second battery cell 15, and the third battery cell 16 are not end battery cells in the battery string.
[0036] It is understood that in this embodiment of the application, the first solar cell 14, the second solar cell 15, and the third solar cell 16 are connected in series by the electrical connector 20, which helps to simplify the arrangement of the electrical connector 20 and reduce the bending of the electrical connector 20 in the series connection. This not only reduces the consumption of electrical connector 20 in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and improving the market competitiveness of the photovoltaic module, but also avoids the performance degradation of the photovoltaic module caused by the bending of the electrical connector, and improves the connection reliability of the electrical connector in the photovoltaic module.
[0037] Furthermore, by simplifying the arrangement of the electrical connectors 20, the insulation method between the electrical connectors 20 and the electrodes can also be simplified, thereby avoiding the photovoltaic module from being prone to partial short circuits due to the overly complex insulation method, which would affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0038] Furthermore, when multiple solar cells 10 are connected, if a problem occurs in one of the cells, the remaining cells 10 can still continue to generate electricity. Therefore, the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application can prevent a single solar cell from affecting the overall performance of the photovoltaic module, thus helping to enhance the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module.
[0039] It should be noted that the electrical connector 20 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, solder strips, metal wires, etc. In this embodiment, no particular restrictions are placed on the specific type of electrical connector 20. In practical applications, technicians can select the specific type of electrical connector 20 as needed.
[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the polarity of the second electrode 12 is the same as that of the first electrode 11, and the polarity of the third electrode 13 is opposite to that of the first electrode 11.
[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the polarity of the second electrode 12 is the same as that of the first electrode 11. Furthermore, the second electrode 12 of the second cell 15 is electrically connected to the first electrode 11 of the first cell 14 through the electrical connector 20, so that the second electrode 12 of the second cell 15 and the first electrode 11 of the first cell 14 can jointly collect charge carriers. This allows the charge carriers collected by the first electrode 11 of the first cell 14 and the second electrode 12 of the second cell 15 to be compatible with the charge carriers collected by the third electrode 13 of the third cell 16, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0042] Furthermore, the polarity of the third electrode 13 is opposite to that of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. The third electrode 13 of the third cell 16 is electrically connected to the first electrode 11 of the first cell 14 and the second electrode 12 of the second cell 15 through the electrical connector 20, so as to connect the adjacent first cell 14, second cell 15 and third cell 16 in series to form a complete circuit. This series connection method of the cells 10 simplifies the arrangement of the electrical connector 20, reduces the consumption of the electrical connector 20, and can also overcome the current matching limitation of traditional two-end stacked cells, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0043] In some embodiments, the second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 both extend along the first direction X, and the second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are arranged alternately along the second direction Y; the first direction X intersects the second direction Y.
[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a bottom view of a photovoltaic module. The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 both extend along a first direction X, and are arranged alternately along a second direction Y. An electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X, passing between the first solar cell 14 and the second solar cell 15, and is disposed on the second surface of the second solar cell 15, electrically connected to the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15. It continues to extend along the first direction X to the second surface of the third solar cell 16, electrically connected to the third electrode 13 of the third solar cell 16. It can be understood that the electrical connector 20 at least partially covers the corresponding second electrode 12 and third electrode 13 during the connection process. Although the electrodes are not directly shown in the figure, the positional relationship between the second and third electrodes can be determined based on the connection path of the electrical connector. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 are collinear along the first direction X.
[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 are collinear in the first direction X. Collinearity can be understood as the projections of the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 in the first direction X at least partially overlapping.
[0046] It is understandable that the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 may be offset to some extent in the first direction X. However, the electrical connector 20 is wider than the electrodes. Even if the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 are offset to some extent in the first direction X, it will not affect the extension of the electrical connector 20 along the first direction X and the series connection of the first electrode 11 of the battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16. If the first electrode 11 of the battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 are not collinear in the first direction X, then the electrical connector 20 needs to be bent along the second direction Y to connect the first electrode 11 of the battery cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third battery cell 16 in series, resulting in poor connection reliability of the electrical connector 20.
[0047] In this embodiment, the first electrode 11 of the solar cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third solar cell 16 are arranged to be collinear in the first direction X, so that the electrical connector 20 can extend in the first direction X and electrically connect the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell 14, the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15, and the third electrode 13 of the third solar cell 16. This reduces the bending of the electrical connector 20, reduces the consumption of the electrical connector 20, reduces the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module, and enhances the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module.
[0048] Furthermore, the above-mentioned design can reduce the bending of the electrical connector 20, thereby helping to optimize the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module, further reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module, and enhance the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the above-mentioned design can also reduce the bending of the electrical connector 20, which also helps to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0049] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 has a first projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the third electrode 13 has a second projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, wherein the first projection and the second projection at least partially overlap. In embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when the battery cell 10 is a rectangular battery cell or a near-rectangular battery cell, the width direction of the battery cell 10 is the first direction X, and the length direction of the battery cell 10 is the second direction Y. That is, the second direction Y intersects the first direction X, and for example, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
[0050] It should be noted that "quasi-rectangular solar cell" refers to a rectangular solar cell with chamfered corners. These chamfers include, but are not limited to, rounded chamfers and rectangular chamfers.
[0051] The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are arranged alternately along the second direction Y on the second surface of the battery cell 10, so as to collect the charge carriers generated near the second surface of the battery cell 10 through the second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13.
[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the first electrode 11 has a first projection along the thickness direction of the solar cell 10, and the third electrode 13 has a second projection along the thickness direction of the solar cell 10. The first projection and the second projection at least partially overlap. That is, within the same solar cell 10, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 at least partially overlap in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. It can be understood that when the third solar cell is obtained by translating the first solar cell, the electrical connector 20 extends in the first direction and does not need to bend along the second direction Y to connect the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell and the third electrode of the third solar cell. This reduces the bending of the electrical connector 20, reduces the consumption of the electrical connector 20, lowers the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module, and enhances the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, reducing the bending of the electrical connector 20 also helps to optimize the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and enhancing the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, reducing the bending of the electrical connector 20 also helps to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0053] It should be noted that, within the same solar cell 10, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 13 may partially overlap or completely overlap in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. This application does not impose excessive restrictions on this; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can configure it as needed.
[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in each battery cell 10, the number of third electrodes 13 is equal to the number of first electrodes 11; and / or, the number of third electrodes 13 is equal to the number of second electrodes 12.
[0055] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in this embodiment, in each battery cell 10, the number of third electrodes 13 is set to be equal to the number of first electrodes 11, and / or equal to the number of second electrodes 12. This ensures that the electrode configuration of the battery cell 10 meets the connection requirements of the electrical connector 20, avoids insufficient electrode utilization, and thus ensures that the electrical connector 20 can be correctly connected in series to achieve carrier integration and output.
[0056] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the third battery cell 16 are collinear along the first direction X; and / or, the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14 and the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15 are collinear along the first direction X; and / or, the second electrode 12 of the first battery cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the second battery cell 15 are collinear along the first direction X.
[0057] That is, the projections of the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the third battery cell 16 in the first direction X at least partially overlap; and / or, the projections of the first electrode 11 of the first battery cell 14 and the second electrode 12 of the second battery cell 15 in the first direction X at least partially overlap; and / or, the projections of the second electrode 12 of the first battery cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the second battery cell 15 in the first direction X at least partially overlap.
[0058] In this embodiment, the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the third solar cell 16 are configured to be collinear along the first direction X; and / or, the first electrode 11 of the first solar cell 14 and the second electrode 12 of the second solar cell 15 are configured to be collinear along the first direction X; and / or, the second electrode 12 of the first solar cell 14 and the first electrode 11 of the second solar cell 15 are configured to be collinear along the first direction X. This allows the electrical connector 20 to extend in the first direction X and electrically connect the first solar cell 14, the second solar cell 15, and the third solar cell 16, thereby reducing the bending of the electrical connector 20, reducing its consumption, lowering the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module, and enhancing the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module.
[0059] Furthermore, the above-mentioned design can reduce the bending of the electrical connector 20, thereby helping to optimize the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module, further reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module, and enhance the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the above-mentioned design can also reduce the bending of the electrical connector 20, which also helps to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0060] In some embodiments, the solar cell 10 is an R-type three-terminal stacked solar cell.
[0061] It should be noted that the three-terminal tandem solar cell 10 includes a first sub-cell 17 and a second sub-cell 18 stacked on top of the first sub-cell 17. The first sub-cell 17 is the bottom layer cell, and the second sub-cell 18, stacked on top of the first sub-cell 17, is the top layer cell. The ratio of the open-circuit voltage of the top layer cell to the open-circuit voltage of the bottom layer cells is approximately 2:1, meaning the voltage of the top layer cell is twice or nearly twice that of the bottom layer cells. Therefore, when multiple three-terminal tandem solar cells 10 are connected, to achieve voltage matching, the electrical circuit needs to be configured so that the voltage of one top layer cell matches the voltages of the two bottom layer cells, minimizing series losses. Furthermore, if one cell experiences a localized problem, the remaining cells can still continue generating electricity, ensuring the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0062] In this context, an R-type three-terminal tandem solar cell refers to a solar cell where the first electrode of the top layer and the substrate of the bottom layer have opposite doping types. Alternatively, the doping types of the top layer substrate and the bottom layer substrate can be the same.
[0063] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the solar cell 10 includes a first sub-cell 17 and a second sub-cell 18 stacked on the first sub-cell 17. A first electrode 11 is disposed on the side of the second sub-cell 18 away from the first sub-cell 17, and a second electrode 12 and a third electrode 13 are disposed on the side of the first sub-cell 17 away from the second sub-cell 18. The first electrode 11 is disposed on the side of the second sub-cell 18 away from the first sub-cell 17 to collect the charge carriers generated by the second sub-cell 18. The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are both disposed on the side of the first sub-cell 17 away from the second sub-cell 18 to collect the charge carriers generated by the first sub-cell 17. The first sub-cell 17 is the bottom layer solar cell, and the second sub-cell 18 is the top layer solar cell.
[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first electrode of the top-layer solar cell is an N-type electrode, and the substrate of the bottom-layer solar cell is a P-type doped substrate, with opposite polarities; or, the substrate of the top-layer solar cell is a P-type doped substrate, and the substrate of the bottom-layer solar cell is a P-type doped substrate, with the same doping type; in other embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first electrode of the top-layer solar cell is a P-type electrode, and the substrate of the bottom-layer solar cell is an N-type doped substrate, with opposite polarities; or, the substrate of the top-layer solar cell is an N-type doped substrate, and the substrate of the bottom-layer solar cell is an N-type doped substrate, with the same doping type. All the above embodiments are R-type three-terminal tandem solar cells.
[0065] Because the top and bottom cells of R-type three-terminal tandem solar cells use a substrate structure with the same doping type, their fabrication eliminates the need for tunnel junctions, simplifying the manufacturing process, streamlining the series connection, and reducing power loss. Therefore, they have lower manufacturing costs and better photoelectric conversion efficiency. Photovoltaic modules fabricated using R-type three-terminal tandem solar cells have lower costs and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0066] In some embodiments, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the cell 10 includes a first sub-cell 17 and a second sub-cell 18 stacked on the first sub-cell 17; the first sub-cell 17 is a crystalline silicon cell, and the second sub-cell 18 is a perovskite cell; or, both the first sub-cell 17 and the second sub-cell 18 are perovskite cells.
[0067] In this embodiment, the perovskite solar cell is used as the top layer of the solar cell. It can efficiently absorb ultraviolet and visible light. Its high light absorption coefficient and carrier mobility help to improve the short-circuit current density of the tandem solar cell.
[0068] In this design, crystalline silicon or perovskite solar cells are used as the bottom cells, featuring a back-contact design. The second electrode 12 and the third electrode 13 are both located on the back side of the bottom cell, leaving the front side unobstructed by grid lines. This optimizes light utilization. Furthermore, the back-contact design of the bottom cell facilitates direct connection between the electrodes of the bottom and top cells, simplifying the cell fabrication process and reducing series resistance.
[0069] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 includes a first main grid, which extends along a first direction X and is disposed on a first surface of the battery cell 10; the second electrode 12 includes a second main grid, and the third electrode 13 includes a third main grid, both the second and third main grids extending along the first direction X and arranged alternately along the second direction Y on the second surface of the battery cell 10.
[0070] In this embodiment, the solar cell 10 is a solar cell with a main grid. The first electrode 11 is the first main grid, the second electrode 12 is the second main grid, and the third electrode 13 is the third main grid. The first, second, and third main grids all extend along a first direction X. The first main grid is disposed on the first surface of the solar cell 10 to collect carriers generated by the top solar cell. The second and third main grids are alternately arranged along a second direction Y on the second surface of the solar cell 10 to collect carriers generated by the bottom solar cell.
[0071] The electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X and is electrically connected to the first main busbar of the first solar cell 14, the second main busbar of the second solar cell 15, and the third main busbar of the third solar cell 16, thereby connecting the first solar cell 14, the second solar cell 15, and the third solar cell 16 in series. This simplifies the arrangement of the electrical connector 20, reduces the consumption of electrical connectors 20 in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and enhancing its market competitiveness.
[0072] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 includes a first electrical connection point group, which includes a plurality of first electrical connection points, and the plurality of first electrical connection points are spaced apart along a first direction X on a first surface of the battery cell 10; the second electrode 12 includes a second electrical connection point group, which includes a plurality of second electrical connection points, and the plurality of second electrical connection points are spaced apart along a first direction X on a second surface of the battery cell 10; the third electrode 13 includes a third electrical connection point group, which is spaced apart along a second direction Y, and the third electrical connection point group and the second electrical connection point group are alternately spaced apart on the second surface of the battery cell 10, and the third electrical connection point group includes a plurality of third electrical connection points, and the plurality of third electrical connection points are spaced apart along a first direction X.
[0073] In this embodiment, the battery cell 10 is a gridless battery cell. The first electrode 11 includes a first electrical connection point group, which comprises multiple first electrical connection points spaced apart along a first direction X. These multiple first electrical connection points are disposed on the first surface of the battery cell 10 to connect the electrical connector 20 to the battery cell 10. This allows the charge carriers generated by the battery cell 10 to be transferred to the electrical connector 20 via the multiple first electrical connection points, and then to an external circuit via the electrical connector 20.
[0074] Similar to the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12 includes a second electrical connection point group. This group comprises a plurality of second electrical connection points spaced apart along a first direction X. These points are disposed on the second surface of the battery cell 10 to connect the electrical connector 20 to the battery cell 10. This allows charge carriers generated by the battery cell 10 to be transferred to the electrical connector 20 via the multiple second electrical connection points, and then to an external circuit via the electrical connector 20.
[0075] The third electrode 13 includes a third electrical connection point group, which is alternately arranged with the second electrical connection point group along the second direction Y. The third electrical connection point group includes a plurality of third electrical connection points spaced apart along the first direction X. These plurality of third electrical connection points are disposed on the second surface of the battery cell 10 to connect the electrical connector 20 to the battery cell 10. This allows the charge carriers generated by the battery cell 10 to be transferred to the electrical connector 20 via the plurality of third electrical connection points, and then to an external circuit via the electrical connector 20.
[0076] In some embodiments, the first battery cell 14 and the second battery cell 15 are centrally symmetrical; and / or, the third battery cell 16 and the second battery cell 15 are centrally symmetrical.
[0077] During the fabrication of the solar cell string, the second solar cell 15, located between the first solar cell 14 and the third solar cell 16, needs to be rotated 180 degrees relative to both the first and third solar cells 14. Therefore, the second solar cell 15 is centrally symmetrical with the first solar cell 14, and the third solar cell 16 is also centrally symmetrical with the second solar cell 15. This simplifies the fabrication process of photovoltaic modules, improves their fabrication efficiency, reduces their cost, and enhances their product competitiveness.
[0078] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0079] Although alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the alternative embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0080] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device that includes that element.
[0081] The technical solution provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the principle and implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A plurality of battery cells (10), wherein the battery cells are three-terminal stacked batteries, the battery cells (10) have a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the first surface of the battery cells (10) is provided with a first electrode (11), the second surface of the battery cells (10) is provided with a second electrode (12) and a third electrode (13), the second electrode (12) and the third electrode (13) are arranged alternately at intervals, the polarity of the second electrode (12) is the same as the polarity of the first electrode (11), and the polarity of the third electrode (13) is opposite to the polarity of the first electrode (11); An electrical connector (20) extends along a first direction (X); Along the first direction (X), three of the plurality of battery cells (10) are sequentially defined as the first battery cell (14), the second battery cell (15) and the third battery cell (16). One end of the electrical connector (20) is disposed on the first surface of the first battery cell (14) and electrically connected to the first electrode (11) of the first battery cell (14). The other end of the electrical connector (20) passes between the first battery cell (14) and the second battery cell (15), is disposed on the second surface of the second battery cell (15), and is electrically connected to the second electrode (12) of the second battery cell (15). It extends along the first direction (X) to the second surface of the third battery cell (16) and is electrically connected to the third electrode (13) of the third battery cell (16).
2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electrode (12) and the third electrode (13) both extend along the first direction (X), and the second electrode (12) and the third electrode (13) are arranged alternately along the second direction (Y); Wherein, the first direction (X) intersects with the second direction (Y).
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode (11) of the first battery cell (14), the second electrode (12) of the second battery cell (15) and the third electrode (13) of the third battery cell (16) are collinear along the first direction (X).
4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode (11) has a first projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell (10), and the third electrode (13) has a second projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell (10). The first projection and the second projection at least partially overlap.
5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, In each of the battery cells (10), the number of the third electrodes (13) is equal to the number of the first electrodes (11); And / or, the number of the third electrode (13) is equal to the number of the second electrode (12).
6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode (11) of the first battery cell (14) and the first electrode (11) of the third battery cell (16) are collinear along the first direction (X); And / or, the first electrode (11) of the first battery cell (14) and the second electrode (12) of the second battery cell (15) are collinear along the first direction (X); And / or, the second electrode (12) of the first battery cell (14) and the first electrode (11) of the second battery cell (15) are collinear along the first direction (X).
7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell (10) is an R-type three-terminal stacked battery cell.
8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the cell (10) includes a first sub-cell (17) and a second sub-cell (18) stacked on the first sub-cell (17). The first sub-cell (17) is a crystalline silicon cell, and the second sub-cell (18) is a perovskite cell; Alternatively, both the first sub-cell (17) and the second sub-cell can be perovskite cells.
9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electrode (11) includes a first main grid, which extends along the first direction (X) and is disposed on the first surface of the battery cell (10); The second electrode (12) includes a second main grid, and the third electrode (13) includes a third main grid. Both the second main grid and the third main grid extend along the first direction (X) and are arranged alternately at intervals along the second direction (Y) on the second surface of the battery cell (10).
10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode (11) includes a first electrical connection point group, which includes a plurality of first electrical connection points. The plurality of first electrical connection points are arranged at intervals along the first direction (X) on the first surface of the battery cell (10). The second electrode (12) includes a second electrical connection point group, which includes a plurality of second electrical connection points, which are spaced apart along the first direction (X) on the second surface of the battery cell (10). The third electrode (13) includes a third electrical connection point group along the second direction (Y). The third electrical connection point group and the second electrical connection point group are alternately arranged on the second surface of the battery cell (10). The third electrical connection point group includes a plurality of third electrical connection points, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction (X). The second direction (Y) intersects the first direction (X).
11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first battery cell (14) and the second battery cell (15) are centrally symmetrical; And / or, the third battery cell (16) and the second battery cell (15) are centrally symmetrical.