Hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating, method of making and frosted glass

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of glass coating, and discloses a hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating, a preparation method and frosted glass. The hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating comprises a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating. The preparation raw materials of the hydrophilic coating comprise deionized water, titanium dioxide sol, water-based polyurethane resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, an adhesion promoter and a thickening agent. The polyvinylpyrrolidone is used in the hydrophilic coating to improve the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic coating and enhance the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating, so that the hydrophilic coating is not easy to be peeled off in the water flushing and wiping process, and the anti-fog effect of the composite coating containing the hydrophilic coating is long-lasting. The adhesion promoter is used in the hydrophilic coating to improve the bonding force of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating, so that the interface bonding between the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is more firm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass coating technology, and in particular to a hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, its preparation method, and frosted glass. Background Technology

[0002] Existing frosted glass offers good privacy when dry, but in humid environments like bathrooms, reflections can be seen through it, significantly reducing its privacy. The privacy of frosted glass relies on the microscopic roughness of its surface. The reason it becomes translucent when damp is that moisture fills in this roughness, reducing light scattering and allowing more light to pass through, resulting in a blurred reflection visible to someone on the other side.

[0003] To address these issues, current methods typically involve preparing a composite coating on the frosted glass surface, consisting of a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating. The hydrophobic coating increases the contact angle between droplets and the glass surface, preventing droplets from adhering to the frosted glass and thus preventing large streams of water generated during showering from smoothing out the microscopic roughness of the frosted glass surface. The hydrophilic coating, located above the hydrophobic coating, prevents the condensation of tiny water droplets (fog) on ​​the frosted glass surface, ensuring that light scattering is not disrupted by fogging. However, in existing hydrophobic anti-fog composite coatings, the bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings is weak, resulting in a short-lasting anti-fogging effect.

[0004] It is evident that existing technologies need improvement and enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating, a preparation method, and frosted glass, aiming to solve the problem that the bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings in existing hydrophobic anti-fog composite coatings is weak and the anti-fog effect is not long-lasting.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0007] 46-54 parts deionized water, 9-11 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26-29 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6-7 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2.2-2.8 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4-0.7 parts thickener;

[0008] In the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent; the polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of (3-5):1.

[0009] In the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 10,000 to 20,000.

[0010] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose.

[0011] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0012] The composition includes 39–43 parts organic solvent, 16–19 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32–34 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5–4.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2–1.8 parts leveling agent, and 0.2–0.5 parts initiator.

[0013] In the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0014] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the organic solvent is at least one of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0015] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0016] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing the hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating described above, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S001. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophobic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophobic coating liquid;

[0018] S002. Filter the hydrophobic coating solution;

[0019] S003. Apply the filtered hydrophobic coating liquid to the surface of the frosted glass, and then place the frosted glass in an oven to form a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the frosted glass.

[0020] S004. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophilic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophilic coating solution;

[0021] S005. Filter the hydrophilic coating solution;

[0022] S006. Apply the filtered hydrophilic coating solution to the surface of the hydrophobic coating, and place the coated frosted glass in an oven to form a hydrophilic coating on the surface of the hydrophobic coating.

[0023] A third aspect of the present invention provides a frosted glass comprising the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating described above.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] The first aspect of this invention provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating. By using polyvinylpyrrolidone in the hydrophilic coating to enhance its hydrophilicity and cohesive strength, the hydrophilic coating is less prone to peeling during water rinsing and wiping, resulting in a long-lasting anti-fogging effect. Furthermore, by using an adhesion promoter in the hydrophilic coating, the bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings is improved, making the interfacial bond between them stronger. Therefore, the composite coating remains structurally stable under harsh conditions such as heavy water rinsing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in a bathroom, maintaining its core hydrophobic and anti-fogging functions for a longer period.

[0026] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating. The preparation method is simple and the quality is controllable, which helps to promote the application of the composite coating in products with high privacy requirements, such as frosted glass.

[0027] A third aspect of this invention provides frosted glass with the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating on its surface. Because the hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings in the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating provided by this invention have a stronger interfacial bond, the hydrophobic composite coating can maintain its core hydrophobic and anti-fog function for a long time under harsh conditions such as heavy water rinsing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in a bathroom, enabling the frosted glass to maintain privacy in both dry and humid environments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The first aspect of this invention provides a hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating, which can be used on the surface of glass products such as frosted glass to provide privacy. Specifically, the hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating includes a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the frosted glass and a hydrophilic coating on the surface of the hydrophobic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0031] 46-54 parts deionized water, 9-11 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26-29 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6-7 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2.2-2.8 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4-0.7 parts thickener;

[0032] In the aforementioned raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, titanium dioxide sol is a stable colloidal system formed by uniformly dispersing nano-sized TiO2 particles in a solvent. The surface of the TiO2 particles is rich in hydroxyl groups, which can form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This allows the condensed micro-droplets from the mist to rapidly spread and form a uniform water film on the surface of the hydrophilic coating after contact with it, and then quickly be carried away. This prevents the mist droplets from filling the rough texture of the frosted surface, thus preventing the frosted glass from experiencing a decrease in privacy due to surface fogging. Waterborne polyurethane resin, as the main film-forming substance of the hydrophilic coating, allows the hydrophilic coating to adhere to the hydrophobic coating after drying and curing, ensuring the integrity of the composite coating, preventing the hydrophilic coating from peeling off, and ensuring the long-lasting anti-fogging effect of the composite coating.

[0033] In the aforementioned raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, the pyrrolidone ring on the polyvinylpyrrolidone molecular chain contains a strongly polar carbonyl group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and simultaneously form hydrogen bond entanglements with the hydroxyl groups abundant on the surface of TiO2 particles. This allows for the formation of a continuous hydrophilic network, enhancing the hydrophilicity of the coating. Furthermore, the linear and flexible molecular chains of polyvinylpyrrolidone can interweave within the gaps between polyurethane molecular chains, breaking the tight packing of the polyurethane molecular chains. This allows the hydrophilic coating to transition from a hard and brittle state to a flexible and elastic state, increasing its cohesive strength. The hydrophilic coating is less prone to peeling during water rinsing and wiping, thus ensuring a long-lasting anti-fogging effect of the composite coating. The adhesion promoter enhances the bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings, making the interfacial bond between them stronger. Therefore, under harsh conditions such as heavy water rinsing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in a bathroom, the composite coating maintains a more stable structure and can sustainably retain its core hydrophobic and anti-fogging functions. The thickener is used to adjust the rheological properties of the hydrophilic coating liquid, so that the hydrophilic coating liquid can be adapted to the coating process, making construction easier and ensuring uniform wet film thickness after coating.

[0034] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, the average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is 10,000 to 20,000. The average molecular weight of PPVP affects the hydrophilicity, toughening effect, and film-forming properties of the hydrophilic coating. If the average molecular weight of PPVP is too small, the molecular chain is shorter, leading to a reduction in the number of hydrophilic functional groups, thus limiting the improvement in the hydrophilicity of the coating; moreover, when the molecular chain of PPVP is short, the improvement in the toughening effect of the hydrophilic coating is also limited. When the average molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is too large, the longer molecular weight of PPVP makes it prone to molecular entanglement, which can prevent some carbonyl groups from forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, leading to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic coating. Therefore, this invention uses PPVP with an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 20,000. The PPVP molecular chain length at this average molecular weight is moderate, providing sufficient hydrophilic functional groups to ensure the hydrophilic properties of the hydrophilic coating. At the same time, the PPVP molecular chains are flexibly interwoven into the polyurethane molecular chains to achieve toughening of the hydrophilic coating. Moreover, the viscosity of the coating solution is moderate, which can be adapted to the coating process.

[0035] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, the thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. As a cellulose derivative, carboxyethyl cellulose has a large number of hydrophilic groups in its molecular chain, which allows it to be uniformly dispersed and stably dissolved in the hydrophilic coating solution with deionized water as the main solvent, without clumping or layering. Simultaneously, carboxyethyl cellulose is well compatible with waterborne polyurethane resins and other raw materials in the hydrophilic coating, thus not damaging the original properties of each component in the hydrophilic coating and ensuring the stability of the hydrophilic coating system.

[0036] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0037] The composition includes 39–43 parts organic solvent, 16–19 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32–34 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5–4.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2–1.8 parts leveling agent, and 0.2–0.5 parts initiator.

[0038] In the aforementioned raw materials for preparing hydrophobic coatings, fluorinated acrylate resin serves as the main film-forming substance, enabling the hydrophobic coating to adhere to the frosted glass surface. Simultaneously, the fluorinated acrylate resin molecular chain is rich in CF bonds, resulting in a surface energy far lower than the surface tension of water. This prevents water molecules from spreading on the hydrophobic coating surface, providing a chemical basis for the hydrophobic effect. Hydrophobic nano-silica is uniformly dispersed and embedded in the resin matrix during the film-forming process of the fluorinated acrylate resin, forming an uneven, micro-rough structure on the hydrophobic coating surface. This significantly reduces the actual contact area between water molecules and the hydrophobic coating, increases the contact angle between water and the hydrophobic coating surface, and achieves a high hydrophobic effect.

[0039] In the aforementioned raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, the organic solvent enables uniform dispersion of the various raw materials in the hydrophobic coating, ensuring the stability of the hydrophobic coating solution. Simultaneously, by adjusting the proportion of the organic solvent in the hydrophobic coating raw materials, the viscosity of the hydrophobic coating solution can be controlled, adapting to the requirements of roller coating, spray coating, and other construction processes, ensuring uniform hydrophobic coating thickness. The silane coupling agent enables high-strength chemical bonding between the hydrophobic coating and the glass substrate, allowing the composite coating to remain firmly attached to the frosted glass surface even under harsh conditions such as heavy water rinsing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in a bathroom.

[0040] In the above-mentioned raw materials for preparing hydrophobic coatings, the leveling agent can reduce the surface tension of the hydrophobic coating liquid, reduce defects such as pinholes during the coating process, and ensure that the surface of the hydrophobic coating is smooth and the micro-rough structure is evenly distributed.

[0041] In the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0042] Specifically, the molecular structure of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane contains epoxy groups, which can form a strong chemical bond with the hydroxyl groups on the frosted glass surface, enhancing the adhesion of the hydrophobic coating to the frosted glass surface. However, the reaction between γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and fluorinated acrylate resin is weak. On the other hand, the molecular structure of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane contains acrylate double bonds, which can chemically react with the active functional groups in the fluorinated acrylate resin, increasing the crosslinking density inside the hydrophobic coating. Therefore, when the two are used in combination, they can synergistically enhance the interfacial bonding force between the hydrophobic coating and the frosted glass, allowing the composite coating to adhere to the frosted glass surface for a long time under harsh conditions such as heavy water washing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in the bathroom.

[0043] Preferably, the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1. When the amount of γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane is excessive, the epoxy content in the hydrophobic coating system is excessive. Although this can improve the adhesion of the hydrophobic coating to frosted glass, excessive γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane reduces the amount of double bonds that react with fluorinated acrylate resins, leading to insufficient crosslinking density within the hydrophobic coating and a decrease in its abrasion resistance and water resistance. Conversely, when the amount of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is excessive, the double bond content in the hydrophobic coating system is excessive, resulting in a high crosslinking density within the hydrophobic coating. This makes the hydrophobic coating prone to embrittlement and cracking, damaging the hydrophobic structure.

[0044] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, the organic solvent is at least one selected from anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. Specifically, anhydrous ethanol is a low-polarity alcohol solvent with excellent compatibility with silane coupling agents, promoting the stretching of silane coupling agent molecular chains. Simultaneously, anhydrous ethanol can slightly wet the surface of hydrophobic nano-silica, effectively preventing the agglomeration of nano-silica and improving its dispersion uniformity in the organic phase. Ethyl acetate has excellent solubility for fluorinated acrylate resins, allowing the resin molecular chains to fully stretch and preventing resin agglomeration into micelles. Propylene glycol methyl ether is an oleophilic and hydrophilic alcohol ether solvent. Its alcohol ether structure can form a solvation reaction with the molecular chain of fluorinated acrylate resin, so that the resin can be completely dissolved and uniformly dispersed in the organic solvent system. This ensures that the coating liquid is free of particles and agglomerates, and the coating is dense and defect-free after film formation. Moreover, propylene glycol methyl ether can make the coating dry slowly and uniformly from the surface to the inside, avoiding film formation defects caused by uneven volatilization. At the same time, it ensures that the hydrophobic nano silica is uniformly dispersed during the film formation process and does not agglomerate with the rapid volatilization of the solvent, thus maintaining the integrity of the micro-rough structure.

[0045] In addition, propylene glycol methyl ether can moderately reduce the surface tension of the hydrophobic coating liquid, improve the wettability and spreadability of the coating liquid on the rough surface of frosted glass, and allow the coating liquid to fully fill the depressions of the frosted texture, thereby forming a uniform and continuous hydrophobic coating. This avoids uneven hydrophobic properties caused by local coating defects. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0046] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, the leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane. The polyether-modified polysiloxane combines the low surface energy of polysiloxane with the wettability of the polyether chain, effectively reducing the surface tension of the hydrophobic coating liquid. This allows the coating liquid to spread and level rapidly on the frosted glass surface and during subsequent film formation, thereby eliminating defects such as pinholes caused by coating and ensuring the formation of a smooth and uniformly thick hydrophobic coating.

[0047] In the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide. This initiator generates active free radicals during the curing process of the hydrophobic coating, triggering free radical copolymerization crosslinking between the fluorinated acrylate resin and the acrylate double bonds on the γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane molecular chain. This strengthens the molecular-level bonding between the silane coupling agent and the fluorinated acrylate resin, improving the crosslinking density and structural stability of the hydrophobic coating.

[0048] In order to better adapt the hydrophilic coating to the hydrophobic coating and further improve the adhesion between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings, in a preferred embodiment, the adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent.

[0049] Specifically, the molecular chain of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin contains both hydrophilic amino and amide groups, which can form hydrogen bonds with the waterborne polyurethane in the hydrophilic coating, thereby improving the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating itself and strengthening the interlayer bonding between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings.

[0050] The molecular structure of titanate coupling agents contains both titanium oxide bonds and long-chain alkyl groups. The titanium oxide bonds can form inorganic chemical bonds with the oxidation points on the silica surface, while the long-chain alkyl groups can extend into the waterborne polyurethane system of the hydrophilic coating to form molecular entanglement and van der Waals forces. Therefore, when titanate coupling agents are used in combination with polyamide epichlorohydrin resin, the interlayer bonding between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings can be significantly enhanced.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of (3-5):1. When the amount of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin decreases within the above ratio range, the degree of hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic groups and the waterborne polyurethane decreases, resulting in limited improvement in the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating. Conversely, when the amount of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin increases within the above ratio range, the amount of titanate coupling agent decreases, causing the titanate coupling agent to fail to effectively bridge the nano-silica with the hydrophilic coating, resulting in insufficient interfacial bonding between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-described hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S001. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophobic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophobic coating liquid;

[0054] S002. Filter the hydrophobic coating liquid to remove agglomerated particles in the hydrophobic coating liquid;

[0055] S003. Apply the filtered hydrophobic coating liquid to the surface of the frosted glass, and then place the frosted glass in an oven for curing treatment so that a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 5 to 6 μm is formed on the surface of the frosted glass.

[0056] S004. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophilic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophilic coating solution;

[0057] S005. Filter the hydrophilic coating liquid to remove agglomerated particles in the hydrophilic coating liquid;

[0058] S006. Apply the filtered hydrophilic coating solution to the surface of the hydrophobic coating. Place the coated frosted glass in an oven for curing treatment so that a hydrophilic coating with a thickness of 2 to 3 μm is formed on the surface of the hydrophobic coating.

[0059] Specifically, in step S003, the curing temperature is 100-120℃ and the curing time is 30 min; in step S006, the curing temperature is 80℃ and the curing time is 20 min.

[0060] A third aspect of this invention provides frosted glass with the aforementioned hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating on its surface. Because the hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings in the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating provided by this invention have a stronger interfacial bond, the hydrophobic composite coating can maintain its core hydrophobic and anti-fog function for a long time under harsh conditions such as heavy water rinsing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in a bathroom, enabling the frosted glass to maintain privacy in both dry and humid environments.

[0061] To further illustrate the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, preparation method, and frosted glass provided by the present invention, the following embodiments and comparative examples are provided. The sources of some of the raw materials used in the following embodiments and comparative examples are as follows.

[0062] Titanium dioxide sol (Jikang SS-TA10W), waterborne polyurethane resin (Bolino PU-710), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K15, average molecular weight 5500), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K25, average molecular weight 32000), polyamide epichlorohydrin resin (Maidehao), titanate coupling agent (Xuanhao New Materials), hydrophobic nano silica (Evonik R972), fluorinated acrylate resin (Zhongen SA-305).

[0063] Example 1

[0064] This embodiment provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0065] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0066] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0067] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0068] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0069] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0070] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0071] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0072] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, including the following steps:

[0073] S001. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophobic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophobic coating liquid;

[0074] S002. Filter the hydrophobic coating liquid to remove agglomerated particles in the hydrophobic coating liquid;

[0075] S003. Apply the filtered hydrophobic coating liquid to the surface of the frosted glass, and then place the frosted glass in an oven for curing treatment to form a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 5μm on the surface of the frosted glass.

[0076] S004. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophilic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophilic coating solution;

[0077] S005. Filter the hydrophilic coating liquid to remove agglomerated particles in the hydrophilic coating liquid;

[0078] S006. Apply the filtered hydrophilic coating solution to the surface of the hydrophobic coating. Place the coated frosted glass in an oven for curing treatment so that a hydrophilic coating with a thickness of 2μm is formed on the surface of the hydrophobic coating.

[0079] Specifically, in step S003, the curing temperature is 100℃ and the curing time is 30min; in step S006, the curing temperature is 80℃ and the curing time is 20min.

[0080] This embodiment also provides a frosted glass, the surface of which includes the hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this embodiment.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] This embodiment provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0083] 54 parts deionized water, 11 parts titanium dioxide sol, 29 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 7 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), 2.52 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.7 parts thickener.

[0084] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:1.

[0085] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0086] The composition includes 43 parts organic solvent, 19 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 34 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 4.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.8 parts leveling agent, and 0.5 parts initiator.

[0087] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0088] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0089] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0090] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0091] This embodiment also provides a frosted glass, the surface of which includes the hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this embodiment.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] This embodiment provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0094] 48 parts deionized water, 10 parts titanium dioxide sol, 27 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6.5 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), 2.8 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.6 parts thickener.

[0095] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 4:1.

[0096] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0097] The composition includes 40 parts organic solvent, 17 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 33 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 4.0 parts silane coupling agent, 1.5 parts leveling agent, and 0.3 parts initiator.

[0098] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0099] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0100] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0101] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0102] This embodiment also provides a frosted glass, the surface of which includes the hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this embodiment.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0105] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0106] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0107] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0108] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0109] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0110] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0111] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0112] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0113] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0116] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K15, average molecular weight 5500), 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0117] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0118] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0119] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0120] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0121] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0122] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0123] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0124] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0125] Comparative Example 3

[0126] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0127] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K25, average molecular weight 32000), 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0128] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 3:1.

[0129] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0130] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0131] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0132] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0133] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0134] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0135] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0136] Comparative Example 4

[0137] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0138] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0139] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose.

[0140] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0141] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0142] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0143] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0144] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0145] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0146] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0147] Comparative Example 5

[0148] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0149] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0150] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 5.4:1.

[0151] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0152] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0153] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0154] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0155] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0156] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0157] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0158] Comparative Example 6

[0159] This comparative example provides a hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include:

[0160] 46 parts deionized water, 9 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gongbike PVP-K17, average molecular weight 10100), 2.2 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4 parts thickener.

[0161] The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose. The adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent. The polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0162] The raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating, by weight, include:

[0163] The composition includes 39 parts organic solvent, 16 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2 parts leveling agent, and 0.2 parts initiator.

[0164] The organic solvent is a mixture of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The weight ratio of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether is 6.5:3:0.5.

[0165] The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the weight ratio of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 1:1.

[0166] The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

[0167] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0168] This comparative example also provides a frosted glass with a surface containing a hydrophobic and anti-fog coating provided in this comparative example.

[0169] The anti-fogging performance and anti-fogging durability of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coatings provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0170] The anti-fog performance test method involves placing frosted glass with a hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating on its surface in an environment of 25°C and 60% humidity for 1 hour, and then placing the side of the frosted glass with the composite coating horizontally above 60°C warm water (10cm away from the water surface) and measuring the duration of fog-free operation.

[0171] The durability test involved rubbing the hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating repeatedly with 1200-grit sandpaper and a 20g weight 100 times, followed by a retest of its anti-fog performance.

[0172] Table 1

[0173]

[0174] As can be seen from the test results in the table above, the hydrophobic anti-fog coatings provided in Examples 1 to 3 have excellent anti-fog effects, and the duration of fog-free operation after 100 rubs is not significantly shortened, indicating that the hydrophobic anti-fog coating has a stable structure and durable anti-fog performance. Therefore, it can adapt to the harsh working conditions of heavy water flushing, repeated wiping, and alternating temperature and humidity in the bathroom, and can maintain good privacy of frosted glass in both dry and wet environments.

[0175] The anti-fogging duration of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided in Comparative Example 1 is significantly shorter than that of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided in Example 1. This is because, in the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided in Comparative Example 1, polyvinylpyrrolidone was not added to the raw materials of the hydrophilic coating, preventing the formation of a continuous hydrophilic network within the coating and resulting in a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic coating. Furthermore, due to the lack of polyvinylpyrrolidone molecular chains interlacing between the waterborne polyurethane molecular chains for toughening, the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating is reduced, making it less wear-resistant and prone to peeling, thus resulting in insufficient durability of the anti-fogging performance of the composite coating.

[0176] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 2 with Example 1, it was found that the anti-fogging duration of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided in Comparative Example 2 was significantly shorter than that provided in Example 1. This is because the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided in Comparative Example 2 used polyvinylpyrrolidone with a relatively low average molecular weight. The low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone has a short molecular chain, resulting in insufficient hydrophilic functional groups and a significantly weakened hydrogen bonding effect with water molecules and titanium dioxide sol, thus limiting the improvement in the hydrophilicity of the coating. Moreover, the short molecular chain of polyvinylpyrrolidone has a poor toughening effect on waterborne polyurethane, resulting in insufficient improvement in the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating. Consequently, the improvement in the wear resistance of the hydrophilic coating is not significant, and the anti-fogging performance of the composite coating is not durable enough.

[0177] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 1, it was found that the anti-fog duration of the hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating provided in Comparative Example 3 was significantly shorter than that provided in Example 1. This is because the hydrophobic anti-fog composite coating provided in Comparative Example 3 used polyvinylpyrrolidone with a relatively high average molecular weight. When the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone is high, the molecular chain length of polyvinylpyrrolidone is long, which easily leads to severe molecular entanglement, blocking some carbonyl groups from forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This, in turn, reduces the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic coating, and the anti-fog performance is not as good as that of Example 1. Moreover, the high molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone will make the viscosity of the hydrophilic coating liquid higher, and there will be slight agglomeration defects inside the coating after film formation. Friction will cause the defects to expand, and the anti-fog performance of the composite coating will be significantly reduced.

[0178] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 4 with Example 1, it was found that the anti-fogging performance of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided by Comparative Example 4 was not durable enough. This is because Comparative Example 4 did not add an adhesion promoter to the hydrophilic coating, resulting in a weak interfacial bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings. The hydrophilic coating was easily peeled off from the hydrophobic coating during continuous friction, and the anti-fogging performance of the composite coating was reduced.

[0179] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 5 with Example 1, it was found that the anti-fogging performance of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided by Comparative Example 5 was not durable enough. This is because the proportion of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin in the adhesion promoter used in Comparative Example 5 was too high, and the amount of titanate coupling agent was insufficient. As a result, the titanate coupling agent could not effectively bridge the nano silica and the hydrophilic coating, and the improvement of the interfacial bonding force between the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating was limited.

[0180] Furthermore, comparing Comparative Example 6 with Example 1, it was found that the anti-fogging performance of the hydrophobic anti-fogging composite coating provided by Comparative Example 6 was not durable enough. This is because the proportion of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin in the adhesion promoter used in Comparative Example 6 was low, resulting in limited improvement in the cohesive strength of the hydrophilic coating and limited improvement in the interfacial bonding force between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings.

[0181] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating, comprising a hydrophobic coating and a hydrophilic coating; characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the hydrophilic coating, by weight, include: The ingredients include: 46-54 parts deionized water, 9-11 parts titanium dioxide sol, 26-29 parts waterborne polyurethane resin, 6-7 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2.2-2.8 parts adhesion promoter, and 0.4-0.7 parts thickener; the adhesion promoter is a mixture of polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent; the polyamide epichlorohydrin resin and titanate coupling agent are mixed in a weight ratio of (3-5):1; the polyvinylpyrrolidone has an average molecular weight of 10,000-20,000; the raw materials for preparing the hydrophobic coating include, by weight: The composition includes 39–43 parts organic solvent, 16–19 parts hydrophobic nano silica, 32–34 parts fluorinated acrylate resin, 3.5–4.5 parts silane coupling agent, 1.2–1.8 parts leveling agent, and 0.2–0.5 parts initiator.

2. The hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose.

3. The hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is a mixture of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

4. The hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic solvent is at least one of anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether.

5. The hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling agent is a polyether-modified polysiloxane, and the initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide.

6. A method for preparing a hydrophobic and anti-fogging composite coating as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S001. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophobic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophobic coating liquid; S002. Filter the hydrophobic coating solution; S003. Apply the filtered hydrophobic coating liquid to the surface of the frosted glass, and then place the frosted glass in an oven to form a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the frosted glass. S004. Disperse the raw materials used to prepare the hydrophilic coating evenly according to the formula to form a hydrophilic coating solution; S005. Filter the hydrophilic coating solution; S006. Apply the filtered hydrophilic coating liquid to the surface of the hydrophobic coating, and then place the coated frosted glass in an oven to form a hydrophilic coating on the surface of the hydrophobic coating.

7. Frosted glass, characterized in that, Includes the hydrophobic and anti-fog composite coating as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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