Filler wall building method based on three-dimensional scanning

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of infilled wall masonry, in particular to an infilled wall masonry method based on three-dimensional scanning. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that scanning modeling is conducted, specifically, floors, columns and beams on a construction site are scanned through three-dimensional scanning equipment, and a high-precision three-dimensional space model is generated through data processing; brick arrangement design: performing virtual brick arrangement design based on the three-dimensional model and the masonry specification, dividing a standard building block area and a non-standard building block area, and determining the position and the size of a constructional column; building construction is conducted, entity building is conducted according to the design result, in the building process, a built wall body is locally scanned periodically through three-dimensional scanning equipment, follow-up building parameters are corrected in real time through comparison with a design model, and closed-loop quality control is formed. According to the method, closed-loop management from digital design to precise construction is realized, and the building precision of the infilled wall, the material utilization rate and the overall construction quality are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of infill wall construction technology, and in particular to an infill wall construction method based on three-dimensional scanning. Background Technology

[0002] After the main frame structure of a building is completed, infill walls are usually constructed to separate interior spaces. As non-load-bearing components, the quality of infill wall construction directly affects the building's functionality, aesthetics, and the cost and quality of subsequent plastering and other processes. Traditional construction methods mainly rely on manual layout, measurement, and experience-based judgment.

[0003] The infill wall masonry technique commonly used on current construction sites relies heavily on traditional hand tools and manual decision-making. Before construction, technicians measure and mark lines on-site according to design drawings to determine the wall's plan position and elevation. During construction, workers use tools such as bricklaying rods, plumb bobs, and straightedges to control the wall's verticality, flatness, and mortar joint thickness. Bricklaying is typically done on-site by workers based on experience, with non-standard blocks often roughly cut on-site. The placement of structural columns is estimated and tied on-site according to specifications.

[0004] However, the aforementioned traditional methods heavily rely on the operator's personal experience and skill level, and their working standards are based on the main structure, which may already have construction deviations. This makes it difficult to ensure stable and uniform masonry accuracy of the infill walls, easily leading to cumulative errors, resulting in problems such as excessive verticality and flatness of the walls, uneven joints with the main structure, and material waste, ultimately affecting the overall quality and economic benefits of the project. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a method for constructing infill walls based on three-dimensional scanning.

[0006] This application provides a method for constructing infill walls based on three-dimensional scanning, including the following steps:

[0007] S1. Scanning and Modeling: At the construction site where infill walls need to be built, a 3D scanning device is used to scan the completed main structure, which includes floor slabs, columns, and beams. The 3D scanning device transmits the scanned data to a computer via a data cable, and the processing software in the computer generates a high-precision 3D spatial model containing the bottom surface of the floor slabs, the side surface of the columns, and the bottom surface of the beams.

[0008] S2. Bricklaying Design: In the computer, based on the three-dimensional spatial model and the preset masonry specifications, a virtual bricklaying design is performed on the target infill wall; the design results divide the wall into areas built with standard blocks and areas that need to be built with non-standard blocks, and determine the position and size of the structural columns.

[0009] S3. Masonry Construction: Based on the bricklaying design results, carry out solid masonry on the construction site; first, tie the reinforcing bars of the structural columns in the positioned area and set up the formwork; then, use mortar to lay standard blocks and lay non-standard blocks in the designed positions; when the masonry reaches the bottom of the beam or floor slab, use inclined bricks to seal the top and fill the gaps with mortar; finally, pour the concrete for the structural columns.

[0010] Optionally, in the scanning modeling, the single-point ranging accuracy of the 3D scanning device is not less than ±2mm, and the point cloud spacing is not greater than 5mm.

[0011] Optionally, in the scanning modeling, the processing software in the computer processes the scanning data, including point cloud registration, noise reduction, and surface reconstruction, and the deviation between the key dimensions of the generated three-dimensional spatial model and the actual dimensions on site is controlled within ±3mm.

[0012] Optionally, in the bricklaying design, the virtual bricklaying design specifically includes: using the edges of columns and beams in the three-dimensional space model as a reference, reverse-engineering the precise position of the first row of standard blocks; automatically generating the optimal bricklaying diagram based on the module of the standard blocks, and marking the estimated dimensions of the non-standard blocks that need to be cut.

[0013] Optionally, the non-standard blocks are obtained by cutting standard blocks on-site or by pre-customizing them according to the estimated dimensions, with the cutting size error controlled within ±1.5mm.

[0014] Optionally, in the bricklaying design, the location of the structural column is determined based on the net length of the infill wall, the edge distance of the door and window openings, and the connection relationship with the main column and beam extracted from the three-dimensional space model.

[0015] Optionally, during the masonry construction process, after every 2-3 courses of blocks are laid, the 3D scanning device is used to perform a local scan of the laid portion and compare it with the design model in the computer to correct the mortar joint thickness and block position of subsequent masonry in real time.

[0016] Optionally, during masonry construction, the angle between the inclined bricks and the bottom surface of the beam or floor slab is 45-60 degrees, and the consistency of the mortar is 70-90 mm.

[0017] Optionally, the mortar is a premixed dry mortar with a strength grade of not less than M5.

[0018] Optionally, during the masonry construction, when pouring the concrete for the structural column, the slump should be controlled within the range of 160-200mm. After pouring, it should be vibrated and a bell-shaped opening should be reserved at the top.

[0019] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] This invention uses a 3D scanning method to establish a digital model of the real scene as a design benchmark, fundamentally eliminating the initial impact of construction errors in the main structure on the masonry of the infill wall, and ensuring the accuracy of the design from the outset.

[0021] Furthermore, through intelligent bricklaying design based on a real 3D model, precise pre-arrangement and optimization of blocks can be achieved, significantly reducing on-site cutting and material waste. At the same time, the position of structural columns is accurately preset, improving construction efficiency and material utilization.

[0022] Finally, a closed-loop feedback control mechanism of scanning-comparison-correction was introduced during the masonry process. This mechanism can dynamically identify and correct minor deviations in the construction process, effectively preventing the upward accumulation of errors, thereby significantly improving the overall flatness, verticality and consistency of construction quality of the wall masonry. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional scanning-based infill wall masonry method of the present invention is provided;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the block layout;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a non-standard building block.

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the completion of the block masonry construction;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing infill walls based on 3D scanning.

[0028] Attached reference numerals: 1. Floor slab; 2. Column; 3. Beam; 4. 3D scanning equipment; 5. Data cable; 6. Computer; 7. Standard block; 8. Non-standard block; 9. Structural column; 10. Mortar; 11. Sloping brickwork. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention proposes a method for constructing infill walls based on three-dimensional scanning, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Scanning and Modeling: At the construction site where the infill wall needs to be built, the completed main structure is scanned using a 3D scanning device 4. The main structure includes floor slab 1, column 2 and beam 3. The 3D scanning device 4 transmits the scanned data to the computer 6 via a data cable 5. The processing software in the computer 6 generates a high-precision 3D spatial model containing the bottom surface of floor slab 1, the side surface of column 2 and the bottom surface of beam 3.

[0032] S2. Bricklaying Design: In computer 6, based on the three-dimensional spatial model and the preset masonry specifications, a virtual bricklaying design is performed on the target infill wall; the design results divide the wall into areas built with standard masonry blocks 7 and areas that need to be built with non-standard masonry blocks 8, and determine the position and size of the structural columns 9.

[0033] S3. Masonry Construction: Based on the bricklaying design, the actual masonry is carried out on the construction site. First, the reinforcing bars of the structural column 9 are tied in the designated area and the formwork is erected. Then, standard blocks 7 are laid using mortar 10, and non-standard blocks 8 are laid in the designed positions. When the masonry reaches near the bottom of beam 3 or floor slab 1, inclined bricks 11 are used for top sealing, and the gaps are filled with mortar 10. Finally, the concrete of the structural column 9 is poured. The masonry method is explained in detail below:

[0034] In this embodiment, a 3D scanning device 4 is first used to collect comprehensive data on the completed main structure at the construction site, including floor slabs 1, columns 2, and beams 3. The 3D scanning device 4 acquires massive amounts of point cloud data using laser ranging, completely recording the actual dimensions, flatness, and spatial relationships of the structural surfaces, including all construction deviations. The point cloud data is transmitted to a computer 6 via a data cable 5. After registration, noise reduction, and surface reconstruction using specialized software, a high-precision 3D spatial surface model consistent with the physical site is generated. This model transfers the design benchmark from drawings to the actual site conditions, eliminating the source of interference from construction errors in the main structure.

[0035] Furthermore, the design software in computer 6 uses the 3D model as a rigid boundary and runs an intelligent algorithm. Starting from the actual boundary surfaces of columns 2 and beams 3 in the model, the algorithm reverse-engineers the optimal position of the first row of standard blocks 7. Subsequently, based on the block module and specifications, the blocks are automatically arranged in 3D space, and the areas requiring non-standard blocks 8 and their precise cutting dimensions are calculated and identified in real time. The position and dimensions of the structural columns 9 are also automatically determined. Finally, a digital bricklaying diagram and bill of materials that perfectly match the site layout are output.

[0036] Finally, standard blocks 7 and non-standard blocks 8 are laid using mortar 10, and the reinforcing steel of the structural column 9 is tied. To control cumulative errors, a dynamic quality control loop is introduced: after every 2-3 courses of blocks are laid, a 3D scanning device 4 is used to re-scan, comparing the point cloud during construction with the design model in the computer 6 in real time to quantify micro-deviations such as verticality and mortar joint thickness. Based on this feedback, subsequent masonry is fine-tuned in real time, forming a negative feedback control. When the top is reached, wedge-shaped top sealing is achieved using inclined bricks 11. Finally, concrete for the structural column 9 is poured, ensuring its tight connection.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the masonry method also includes a three-dimensional scanning device 4. In one implementation, during bricklaying design, the single-point ranging accuracy of the three-dimensional scanning device 4 is no less than ±2mm, and the point cloud spacing is no greater than 5mm. The processing software in the computer 6 processes the scanned data, including point cloud registration, noise reduction, and surface reconstruction. The deviation between the key dimensions of the generated three-dimensional spatial model and the actual dimensions on site is controlled within ±3mm. The masonry method is described in detail below:

[0038] In this embodiment, after the main structure, including floor slab 1, columns 2, and beams 3, is completed and its spatial position is relatively stable, the operation is carried out in the area where the infill wall needs to be built. The operator uses a 3D scanning device 4, such as a terrestrial 3D laser scanner or a high-precision handheld scanner, to set up multiple stations at the construction site to ensure that surface point cloud data of all main structures within the target area can be collected from different angles without omission. During scanning, it is necessary to ensure complete coverage of the bottom surface of floor slab 1, the sides of adjacent columns 2, and the bottom and sides of the beam 3 above, to which the future infill wall will be attached.

[0039] The 3D scanning device 4, by emitting laser beams and receiving reflected signals, can quickly acquire the coordinates of millions of spatial points, forming a dense point cloud. This point cloud faithfully records the actual dimensions, flatness, verticality, and relative spatial relationships between components of the on-site structure, including dimensional deviations and deformations caused by construction errors. Subsequently, the scanned data is transmitted to the computer 6 via data cable 5 or a wireless network. The professional point cloud processing software installed on the computer 6 automatically registers and fuses the multi-station scan data, forming a complete on-site 3D point cloud dataset.

[0040] Subsequently, the software uses algorithms to reduce noise and classify the point cloud, and reconstructs a 3D surface based on the point cloud data, generating a high-precision, measurable 3D spatial surface model. This model is not an ideal design model, but a digital twin of the actual construction status. Its key dimensions are directly derived from on-site measurements, thus transferring the design benchmark from drawings to the actual site, fundamentally eliminating the impact of deviations in the main structure construction on the infill wall masonry.

[0041] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the masonry method also includes virtual brick layout design. As one implementation method, the virtual brick layout design specifically includes: using the edges of columns 2 and beams 3 in the three-dimensional space model as a reference, the precise position of the first row of standard blocks 7 is deduced in reverse; based on the module of the standard blocks 7, the optimal brick layout diagram is automatically generated, and the estimated size of the non-standard blocks 8 that need to be cut is marked; the non-standard blocks 8 are obtained by cutting the standard blocks 7 on-site or by pre-custom processing according to the estimated size, and the cutting size error is controlled within ±1.5mm.

[0042] Furthermore, in the bricklaying design, the location of structural column 9 is determined based on factors including the net length of the infill wall, the edge distance of door and window openings, and the connection relationship with main column 2 and beam 3 extracted from the three-dimensional spatial model. The masonry method is explained in detail below:

[0043] In this embodiment, firstly, the contact surfaces of columns 2 and beams 3 of the infill wall are precisely defined in the model. Then, a dedicated brick layout design algorithm is run.

[0044] Next, the algorithm identifies the edge lines of column 2 and bottom edge lines of beam 3, which serve as boundaries in the model. These lines may not be perfectly straight or perpendicular. Starting from these irregular actual boundaries, the algorithm intelligently reverse-engineers the precise starting position and direction of the first row of standard blocks 7, ensuring that after the first row of standard blocks 7 is in place, the gap between its outer skin and the main structure is minimized and uniform.

[0045] Next, the algorithm automatically performs virtual bricklaying arrangement upwards and to both sides according to the fixed length and height modulus of standard block 7, combined with the preset mortar joint thickness. During this process, the system calculates the remaining space in real time. When the remaining space cannot accommodate a whole standard block 7, the area is marked as an area that needs to use non-standard blocks 8, and the precise cutting dimensions of the required non-standard blocks 8 are automatically calculated. The final optimal bricklaying diagram clearly distinguishes the areas of standard block 7 and non-standard block 8, and generates a bill of materials.

[0046] Meanwhile, based on information such as the net length of the infill wall and the location of door and window openings extracted from the 3D model, the required location and cross-sectional dimensions of structural column 9 were marked. All design deliverables were exported from the same real 3D model, ensuring internal consistency of the design and absolute fit to the site.

[0047] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the masonry method also includes a masonry construction method. As one implementation method, during the masonry construction process, after every 2-3 courses of masonry are completed, a three-dimensional scanning device 4 is used to perform a local scan of the masonry section and compare it with the design model in the computer 6 to correct the mortar joint thickness and block position of subsequent masonry in real time. The angle between the inclined brick 11 and the bottom surface of the beam 3 or floor slab 1 is 45 degrees to 60 degrees, and the consistency of the mortar 10 is 70-90 mm. The mortar 10 is a premixed dry mortar 10 with a strength grade of not less than M5.

[0048] In addition, during the masonry construction, when pouring the concrete for structural column 9, the slump should be controlled within the range of 160-200mm. After pouring, it needs to be vibrated and a bell-shaped opening should be reserved at the top. The masonry method is explained in detail below:

[0049] In this embodiment, firstly, the reinforcing bars of the structural column 9 are tied at the marked position and the formwork is erected. The formwork can be installed first, but a movable panel is reserved on one side for masonry.

[0050] During construction, workers strictly followed the bricklaying plan, using pre-mixed dry mortar 10 to lay standard blocks 7 sequentially, and embedding pre-processed non-standard blocks 8 at designated locations. To ensure timely control of cumulative errors during construction, after every 2 to 3 courses of blocks, a 3D scanning device 4 was used to quickly scan the constructed wall section. The data obtained from this scan was immediately transmitted back to the computer 6 and automatically compared with the design model in the bricklaying design.

[0051] The comparison software generates a deviation chromatogram, visually displaying minor differences between the existing wall structure and the design model in terms of verticality, flatness, and mortar joint thickness. Based on this feedback, technicians can guide workers to fine-tune the mortar joint thickness for subsequent courses or slightly adjust the block positions, thereby mitigating deviations during subsequent construction and preventing errors from accumulating at the top.

[0052] When the wall reaches approximately 200mm from the bottom of beam 3 or floor slab 1, stop using the main blocks and replace them with inclined bricks 11 for top sealing. The inclined bricks 11 are pressed tightly against the horizontal plane at a 45-60 degree angle, and finally, all gaps are filled tightly with mortar 10. This utilizes the inclined pressure to ensure a tighter contact at the top, reducing cracking at the top caused by wall shrinkage.

[0053] Finally, the concrete for structural column 9 is poured. Before pouring, the masonry mortar 10 must be ensured to have sufficient strength. During pouring, it must be thoroughly vibrated and compacted, and a flared opening should be made at the top. After the concrete shrinks, it should be chiseled and smoothed to ensure a tight connection between structural column 9 and the upper beam 3, thus fulfilling its seismic restraint function. Then, using tools such as an electric drill, holes are drilled in the structural wall or column 2, and reinforcing bars are inserted. Masonry workers take blocks from the stacking area according to the block numbers on the layout drawing and begin construction. During the construction process, tools such as spirit levels and straightedges are used to strictly control the mortar thickness, the flatness of the wall, and the verticality, ensuring that deviations are within the allowable range specified in the standards.

[0054] The above specific embodiments are merely several optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for constructing infill walls based on three-dimensional scanning, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Scanning and modeling: At the construction site where the infill wall needs to be built, a three-dimensional scanning device (4) is used to scan the completed main structure, which includes floor slabs (1), columns (2) and beams (3); the three-dimensional scanning device (4) transmits the scan data to a computer (6) via a data cable (5), and the processing software in the computer (6) generates a high-precision three-dimensional spatial model containing the bottom surface of the floor slab (1), the side surface of the column (2) and the bottom surface of the beam (3); S2, Bricklaying Design: In the computer (6), based on the three-dimensional spatial model and the preset masonry specifications, a virtual bricklaying design is performed on the target infill wall; the design results divide the wall into areas built with standard blocks (7) and areas that need to be built with non-standard blocks (8), and determine the position and size of the structural columns (9); S3. Masonry construction: Based on the brick layout design results, carry out solid masonry on the construction site; first, tie the steel bars of the structural column (9) in the positioned area and set up the formwork; then, use mortar (10) to build standard blocks (7) and lay non-standard blocks (8) in the designed position; when the masonry reaches the bottom of the beam (3) or floor slab (1), use inclined bricks (11) to seal the top, and use mortar (10) to fill the gaps, and finally pour the concrete of the structural column (9).

2. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the scanning modeling, the single-point ranging accuracy of the three-dimensional scanning device (4) is not less than ±2mm, and the point cloud spacing is not greater than 5mm.

3. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the scanning modeling, the processing software in the computer (6) processes the scanning data, including point cloud registration, noise reduction and surface reconstruction. The deviation between the key dimensions of the generated three-dimensional spatial model and the actual dimensions on site is controlled within ±3mm.

4. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the bricklaying design, the virtual bricklaying design specifically includes: using the edge lines of the columns (2) and beams (3) in the three-dimensional space model as a reference, the precise position of the first row of standard blocks (7) is deduced in reverse; based on the module of the standard blocks (7), the optimal bricklaying diagram is automatically generated, and the estimated size of the non-standard blocks (8) that need to be cut is marked.

5. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 4, characterized in that, The non-standard block (8) is obtained by cutting the standard block (7) on-site or by pre-custom processing according to the estimated size, and the cutting size error is controlled within ±1.5mm.

6. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the bricklaying design, the location of the structural column (9) is determined based on the net length of the infill wall, the edge distance of the door and window openings, and the connection relationship with the main column (2) and beam (3) extracted from the three-dimensional space model.

7. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the masonry construction process, after every 2-3 courses of masonry are completed, the three-dimensional scanning device (4) is used to perform a local scan of the masonry section and compare it with the design model in the computer (6) to correct the mortar joint thickness and block position of the subsequent masonry in real time.

8. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the masonry construction, the angle between the inclined brick (11) and the bottom surface of the beam (3) or floor slab (1) is 45 degrees to 60 degrees, and the consistency of the mortar (10) is 70 to 90 mm.

9. The method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mortar (10) is a premixed dry mortar (10) with a strength grade of not less than M5.

10. A method for constructing an infill wall based on three-dimensional scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the masonry construction, when pouring the concrete of the structural column (9), its slump is controlled within the range of 160-200mm. After the pouring is completed, it needs to be vibrated and a trumpet opening is reserved at the top.

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