An industrial material dual-mode tracking system fusing UWB positioning and RFID communication

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of industrial material bimodulus tracking systems and methods of fusing UWB positioning and RFID communication, belong to industrial internet of things and asset tracking technical field.This system aims to solve the technical problem that single technology cannot give consideration to high-precision continuous positioning and low-power, long-distance identity identification when tracking material in industrial environment.The system includes bimodulus label terminal, UWB positioning base station, RFID reader-writer, edge gateway and cloud management platform.Bimodulus label terminal integrates UWB positioning module and ultra-high frequency RFID communication module.The application realizes the unity of continuous trajectory tracking of industrial material centimeter-level precision and efficient identity identification of key node by the depth fusion of UWB and RFID technology, simultaneously, by dynamic power regulation, low-power control strategy such as intelligent hibernation, the life cycle of label terminal is greatly prolonged, and high-precision, low-power, high-reliability material tracking solution is provided for intelligent manufacturing, wisdom storage and the like scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) sensing and positioning technology, and more specifically, to a material or asset tracking system applicable to complex environments such as industrial manufacturing and warehousing logistics. Background Technology

[0002] In advancing Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, real-time and accurate tracking and management of key assets such as production materials, work-in-process, tools, and equipment are crucial for achieving transparency in the production process, improving production efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring production safety. Currently, the main technologies used for industrial material tracking include barcodes / QR codes, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFID, and UWB. However, single technologies often have insurmountable limitations in practical applications, leading to unsatisfactory tracking results.

[0003] RFID-based solutions and their shortcomings: Ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology, with its advantages of non-contact, long-range, and simultaneous multi-tag reading, has been widely used in warehouse inbound and outbound management, production line workstation identification, and other scenarios. However, its core pain point lies in its low positioning accuracy. RFID technology is essentially an identification technology, and its positioning capability mainly relies on the RSSI (Resonance Signal Strength Index) estimation of the reader's signal field strength. The positioning accuracy is usually at the meter level and is easily affected by severe interference from environmental factors such as metal and liquids, making it unable to provide continuous and accurate movement trajectories of materials within the workshop. For example, in a large warehouse, an RFID system can only indicate that a certain material is "in the warehouse," but cannot pinpoint its exact shelf or floor, let alone track its movement path within the warehouse. This "knowing its existence but not its location" characteristic severely limits its application in scenarios requiring sub-meter positioning accuracy, such as refined material management and automated material handover via AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles).

[0004] UWB-based solutions and their shortcomings: Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology measures distance by sending extremely narrow pulses at the nanosecond level, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy and strong resistance to multipath interference, making it ideal for high-precision positioning in complex indoor environments. Therefore, UWB technology is widely used for personnel positioning, AGV navigation, etc. However, using UWB technology alone for large-scale material tracking also faces significant challenges. First, there's the power consumption issue. To achieve continuous tracking, UWB tags need to actively transmit signals at higher frequencies (e.g., 1-10Hz), resulting in significantly higher power consumption than passive or semi-active RFID tags. For tags that need to be attached to materials for extended periods and where frequent battery replacements are inconvenient, battery life becomes a major bottleneck. Second, there are system capacity and cost considerations. UWB positioning systems require the deployment of a certain number of synchronous base stations. Although the cost per tag is decreasing, the overall deployment and maintenance costs of the system are relatively high. More importantly, UWB primarily addresses the "where" problem, while material management also needs to address the "what" problem, namely, identification and status information interaction. UWB itself has limited data communication capabilities and is not suitable for efficient and rapid batch reading and writing of material information like RFID. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a dual-mode industrial material tracking system that integrates UWB positioning and RFID communication, thereby more accurately resolving the issues raised in the background section.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention proposes a dual-mode tracking system for industrial materials that integrates UWB positioning and RFID communication, comprising:

[0008] The dual-mode tag terminal integrates a UWB positioning module, an ultra-high frequency RFID communication module, a microcontroller, and an energy storage unit. The microcontroller executes a time-division multiplexing scheduling strategy to ensure that the UWB positioning module and the RFID communication module work in different time slices, thus avoiding mutual electromagnetic interference.

[0009] UWB positioning base stations are deployed in industrial work areas to receive UWB positioning signals from the dual-mode tag terminal and record the signal arrival timestamp; each UWB positioning base station maintains consistency of time reference through a time synchronization protocol.

[0010] An RFID reader is deployed at a pre-set key node in the material flow process to trigger the RFID communication module of the dual-mode tag terminal within its effective identification range for non-contact reading of material identity and status data.

[0011] The edge gateway is connected to the UWB positioning base station and RFID reader via wired or wireless communication, and integrates a data fusion unit. The data fusion unit executes a timestamp matching algorithm to associate and bind UWB positioning data and RFID communication data from the same dual-mode tag terminal to generate a fused data packet.

[0012] The cloud management platform receives the fused data packets uploaded by the edge gateway, executes the TDOA positioning algorithm to calculate the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the dual-mode tag terminal, and combines it with RFID data to realize real-time location tracking, status monitoring and historical trajectory tracing of materials.

[0013] Preferably, the UWB positioning module of the dual-mode tag terminal uses a DW1000 chip, with the operating frequency band set between 3.5 GHz and 6.5 GHz, and the positioning accuracy is better than or equal to 10 centimeters; the ultra-high frequency RFID communication module uses an IMPINJMonzaR7 chip, with the operating frequency set between 860 MHz and 960 MHz, and the communication protocol conforms to the ISO18000-6C standard.

[0014] Preferably, the energy storage unit of the dual-mode tag terminal adopts a hybrid energy storage structure of lithium thionyl chloride battery and supercapacitor connected in parallel; the lithium thionyl chloride battery is the main power supply unit, providing a stable and long-term energy supply for the system, with an annual self-discharge rate of less than or equal to one percent; the supercapacitor is a peak power compensation unit, providing instantaneous high-current discharge at the moment the UWB positioning module transmits a signal to meet its peak power consumption requirements.

[0015] Preferably, the time synchronization between the UWB positioning base stations is achieved in accordance with the IEEE 1588PTP protocol; each base station performs time synchronization calibration periodically to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy error between any two base stations is less than or equal to ten nanoseconds, so as to ensure the calculation accuracy of the TDOA positioning algorithm.

[0016] Preferably, the "timestamp matching + material code binding" algorithm executed by the data fusion unit of the edge gateway is as follows: extract the positioning signal reception timestamp T1 from the UWB positioning data packet and the identity information reading timestamp T2 from the RFID communication data packet respectively. When the absolute time difference between T1 and T2 is less than or equal to 500 milliseconds, it is determined that the two sets of data come from the same material at similar time points. Then, the positioning coordinates are bound to the material code and status data contained in the RFID into a fusion data packet. The data mismatch rate of this algorithm is less than or equal to one in a thousand.

[0017] A dual-mode tracking method for industrial materials based on the system of any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: System initialization. Assign a unique material code to each dual-mode tag terminal on the cloud management platform and configure its UWB positioning refresh rate and RFID communication trigger conditions.

[0019] Step 2: Dual-mode data acquisition. The microcontroller of the dual-mode tag terminal periodically wakes up the UWB positioning module to send positioning signals according to a preset refresh rate. When the dual-mode tag terminal enters the identification range of the RFID reader along with the material, its RFID communication module is woken up and uploads the material code and status data.

[0020] Step 3: Data fusion and processing. The edge gateway performs timestamp matching on the received UWB positioning data and RFID communication data, generates a fused data packet, and uploads it. The cloud management platform performs TDOA algorithm calculation on the fused data packet to obtain the precise coordinates of the material and stores it in the database.

[0021] Step 4: Tracking, Management and Early Warning. The cloud management platform updates the material location and movement trajectory in real time on the visual interface, and judges abnormal status based on preset electronic fence rules or the duration of location signal loss, triggering the corresponding early warning mechanism.

[0022] Step 5: Low power consumption control. The microcontroller of the dual-mode tag terminal monitors the movement status of the material. When the continuous positioning data shows that the duration of the material being in a stationary state exceeds a preset threshold, it automatically reduces the refresh frequency of UWB positioning and switches the RFID module to passive wake-up mode only.

[0023] Preferably, the UWB positioning data acquisition in step two adopts a dynamic power adjustment strategy: the microcontroller determines the communication distance based on the signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the nearest base station measured by the UWB module. When the distance is less than or equal to ten meters, the transmission power of the UWB module is reduced to negative decibel milliwatts; when the distance is greater than ten meters, the transmission power is restored to zero decibel milliwatts, thereby achieving dynamic optimization of single positioning power consumption within the range of 15 mAs to 30 mAs while ensuring communication quality.

[0024] Preferably, the abnormal warning triggering conditions in step four include: a) spatial boundary crossing warning, which is triggered when the material coordinates calculated by the cloud platform enter the pre-set prohibited area or leave the allowed working area; b) location loss warning, which is triggered when the cloud management platform does not receive valid location data of a specific tag for more than ten consecutive seconds; the warning methods include platform audible and visual alarms and push SMS notifications to the designated administrator's mobile phone number.

[0025] Preferably, the low-power control in step five further includes a base station energy-saving strategy: during non-working periods such as nighttime shutdown of industrial workshops, the edge gateway sends instructions to all UWB positioning base stations according to a preset schedule to enable them to enter a low-power operation mode; in this mode, the positioning refresh rate of the base station is reduced to 0.5 Hz, and the overall power consumption is reduced by 60% compared to the normal working mode.

[0026] Preferably, an industrial material tracking application implemented by any one of claims 6 to 9 is characterized in that the application realizes the visualization and backtracking function of the material's historical trajectory on a cloud management platform. Users can select any material label and time period (up to thirty days back), and the system can retrieve the corresponding historical fusion data from the database and dynamically and continuously reproduce the complete movement trajectory of the material within the time period on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional map, with the accuracy of the trajectory points being better than or equal to ten centimeters.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the system and method provided by the present invention bring about one or more of the following significant and substantial beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention integrates UWB and RFID modules within a single tag terminal, with time-division multiplexing control executed by an MCU, achieving seamless collaboration between high-precision continuous positioning and efficient identification. This enables comprehensive, multi-dimensional information tracking of materials in complex industrial environments. This invention overcomes the limitations of single technologies. UWB provides centimeter-level continuous movement trajectories of materials across a wide area, while RFID handles rapid, batch identification and status updates at key nodes such as entrances / exits and shelves. These two types of information are precisely bound at the edge gateway level using timestamps, forming a unified data view of "identity-location-status-time," whose information completeness and tracking accuracy far surpass any single technology solution.

[0029] This invention employs a hybrid energy storage solution combining lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, along with intelligent sleep and dynamic power regulation strategies based on material movement states. This enables refined management of tag terminal energy consumption, significantly extending tag lifespan while maintaining high-performance tracking. The hybrid energy storage structure perfectly resolves the contradiction between the instantaneous high current demands of UWB and long-term microampere-level standby power consumption. More importantly, the system can intelligently determine whether the material is stationary and automatically reduce the UWB's "heartbeat" frequency when stationary. This greatly reduces ineffective positioning power consumption, extending the theoretical working life of the tags from several months to several years, significantly reducing maintenance costs.

[0030] In this invention, by performing "timestamp matching + material code binding" data pre-fusion processing at the edge gateway level, a strong correlation between location data and identity data is achieved at the source end. This ensures data consistency, reduces cloud processing load, and improves system response speed (the objective). Unlike traditional solutions that upload two independent sets of data to the cloud and then perform complex association, this invention completes the fusion at the "first mile" of data acquisition. This not only fundamentally avoids data mismatch caused by network latency, out-of-order data packets, and other issues, ensuring that each location point accurately corresponds to the correct material identity, but also reduces the data cleaning and association calculation pressure on the cloud server, significantly improving the real-time performance and reliability of the entire system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a dual-mode industrial material tracking system that integrates UWB positioning and RFID communication, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To more clearly and completely illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment describes the complete process of deploying and applying the system of the present invention in a large automobile assembly plant.

[0035] Step 1: System Deployment and Initialization

[0036] UWB positioning base station deployment: Within the 10,000-square-meter assembly workshop, 25 UWB positioning base stations were deployed in a grid pattern with 20-meter intervals. The base stations were mounted on pillars or walls 5 meters above the ground to achieve optimal signal coverage. All base stations are connected to the workshop's local area network via industrial Ethernet switches, ultimately converging to an edge gateway deployed in the workshop control room. After deployment, the edge gateway's PTP master clock function was activated, with all UWB base stations acting as PTP slave clocks, automatically achieving high-precision time synchronization. The synchronization error was tested to be less than 5 nanoseconds.

[0037] RFID reader deployment: Ten UHF integrated RFID readers were deployed at the four material inlets / outlets, key workstations on the two main conveyor belts, and the finished product unloading area in the workshop. The readers are connected to the edge gateway via an RS485 bus. Through configuration software, the transmission power of each reader was set to precisely control its identification range within 5 meters, and its trigger frequency was set to once per second.

[0038] Dual-mode label terminal initialization: Bind dual-mode label terminals to 500 key material pallets that will soon be put into use. On the cloud management platform, batch import the mapping relationship between material codes and label IDs. Configure all labels with a default UWB positioning refresh rate of 5 Hz, and set the RFID communication trigger condition to "automatic communication when entering the reader's identification range".

[0039] Step 2: Dual-mode tag data collection

[0040] An engine pallet with a tag (ID:Tag-007) circulates within the workshop:

[0041] UWB Positioning Data Acquisition: As the pallet moves from the temporary storage area to the assembly line under the support of the AGV, the MCU on its tag terminal wakes up the UWB module 5 times per second. The UWB module sends a positioning signal (Blink message), which is received by at least 3 surrounding UWB base stations (e.g., Base-A, Base-B, Base-C). Each base station accurately records the arrival timestamp (ToA) of the signal and sends a data packet containing (Tag-ID, Base-ID, ToA) to the edge gateway via Ethernet.

[0042] RFID Communication Data Acquisition: When the pallet is transported to an assembly station by a conveyor belt, it enters the identification range (within 5 meters) of the RFID reader (ID: Reader-03) deployed at that station. The electromagnetic wave energy emitted by the reader activates the RFID module inside the tag. After being awakened, the RFID module immediately sends back its stored material code ("Engine-Type A-SN12345"), current status (set to "to be assembled" by the MCU according to the context), and current battery voltage (3.55V) to the reader via backscatter modulation technology. After receiving the data, the reader packages it into a format of (Reader-ID, Tag-ID, EPC, Status, Voltage, Timestamp) and sends it to the edge gateway via the RS485 bus.

[0043] Step 3: Data Fusion and Processing

[0044] The edge gateway continuously receives data streams from UWB base stations and RFID readers.

[0045] Edge gateway fusion: The data fusion unit maintains a short-term data buffer in its memory. When it receives an RFID data packet (timestamp T2 = 10:30:15.800) about Tag-007 from Reader-03, it searches the buffer for UWB positioning data from Tag-007 within 500 milliseconds before and after (i.e., from 10:30:15.300 to 10:30:16.300). At this point, it finds the UWB data recorded by Base-A, Base-B, and Base-C around timestamp T1 ≈ 10:30:15.600. Since |T1-T2| < 500ms, the system determines that the match is successful and generates a fused data packet with the following content: (Tag-007, EPC:"Engine-TypeA-SN12345", Status:"To be assembled", Base-A_ToA, Base-B_ToA, Base-C_ToA, ..., Timestamp:10:30:15.800). This fused data packet is encrypted using TLS 1.3 and then uploaded to the cloud management platform via the 4G network.

[0046] Cloud-based data processing: After receiving the fused data packet, the cloud platform invokes the TDOA positioning engine. This engine utilizes the time difference of arrival of signals from multiple base stations to calculate a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate (X=102.34m, Y=55.78m, Z=1.5m), with a positioning accuracy better than 10 centimeters as verified on-site. The platform stores this coordinate along with material codes, status information, and other data in a time-series database and immediately pushes it to the front-end visualization module.

[0047] Step Four: Tracking Management and Early Warning

[0048] Real-time tracking: Workshop supervisors can use their office computers or handheld tablets on a cloud platform to see the icon representing Tag-007 moving along a predetermined route on a 3D digital twin map of the workshop. Clicking the icon immediately displays its details: "Material: Type A engine - SN12345, Status: Awaiting assembly, Location: (102.3, 55.8, 1.5), Battery level: 85%".

[0049] Anomaly Warning: Suppose that due to an AGV path planning error, the pallet carrying Tag-007 mistakenly enters a precision instrument area set as "No Entry". The cloud platform's electronic fence module detects that its coordinates have entered this area, immediately turning the icon on the map into a flashing red and sounding an alarm. Simultaneously, the system automatically sends a text message to the workshop supervisor's mobile phone: "[Material Tracking Warning] Material 'Engine-SN12345' has mistakenly entered the precision instrument area at 10:35:12. Please handle it immediately!"

[0050] Step 5: Low Power Consumption Control

[0051] Tag Terminal Sleep Mode: The engine tray remained at the assembly station for over 5 minutes, awaiting assembly. The tag terminal's MCU-built-in motion detection algorithm (based on continuous changes in UWB positioning coordinates) detected that the material was stationary. Therefore, the MCU automatically implemented a low-power strategy: reducing the UWB positioning refresh rate from 5Hz to 1Hz (sending a signal once per second). Simultaneously, it disabled the RFID module's active wake-up function, retaining only the passive wake-up capability activated by the reader's field energy. This series of operations reduced the tag's average power consumption by approximately 80% when stationary.

[0052] Base station energy saving: At 22:00 that evening, production in the workshop ceased. Following a pre-set schedule, the edge gateway automatically broadcast a control command to all 25 UWB base stations, instructing them to enter nighttime energy-saving mode. The positioning refresh rate of the base stations was uniformly reduced to 0.5Hz, used only for low-frequency monitoring of a small number of critical assets still within the workshop. This resulted in a nighttime power consumption reduction of over 60% for the entire UWB positioning infrastructure.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] This embodiment focuses on the application of dynamic power regulation strategies.

[0055] In a long, narrow parts warehouse, the aisles between material racks are 3 meters wide. When a forklift equipped with a dual-mode tag travels along the aisle, its distance from the UWB base stations on either side of the aisle is consistently less than 10 meters. The tag's MCU, through the UWB chip's API, reads a consistently high RSSI value for communication with the base stations, thus determining that it is in a near-field communication environment. Therefore, the MCU continuously sets the UWB module's transmit power at a low level of -10dBm. When the forklift leaves the aisle and enters an open loading / unloading area, exceeding 15 meters from the furthest base station, the MCU detects a drop in the RSSI value and immediately increases the transmit power to 0dBm to ensure the positioning signal can be reliably received by a sufficient number of base stations. Through this adaptive power adjustment, the average positioning power consumption of the tag within the warehouse is reduced by approximately 40% compared to constant maximum power transmission.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] This example demonstrates the application of the historical trajectory backtracking function.

[0058] A batch of products experienced a quality issue, requiring tracing its entire flow path during production. The quality engineer logged into the cloud management platform, entering the tag ID and production cycle (e.g., "2023-10-10 08:00:00" to "2023-10-12 17:00:00") associated with the batch's material pallet. The system immediately retrieved all relevant integrated data records from the database for this period and displayed the pallet's complete movement trajectory frame-by-frame on the workshop map in animation form. The trajectory line displayed different colors based on its status (e.g., "Pending Processing," "Processing," "Completed"). The engineer could clearly see the material's dwell time at each workstation, whether there were any anomalies in the flow path, etc., providing precise and intuitive data support for quality issue analysis.

[0059] As can be seen from the detailed description of the above embodiments, the system and method proposed in this invention effectively solve the core technical problems in industrial material tracking through deep coupling and intelligent collaboration of UWB and RFID technologies, as well as systematic data fusion and power consumption management, demonstrating strong practicality and advancement.

[0060] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, such as the selection of specific chip models, the upgrading of communication protocols, the further optimization of low-power algorithms, or the application of the system to asset tracking in other fields such as medical and retail, should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-mode tracking system for industrial materials integrating UWB positioning and RFID communication, characterized in that, include: The dual-mode tag terminal integrates a UWB positioning module, an ultra-high frequency RFID communication module, a microcontroller, and an energy storage unit. The microcontroller executes a time-division multiplexing scheduling strategy to ensure that the UWB positioning module and the RFID communication module work in different time slices, thus avoiding mutual electromagnetic interference. UWB positioning base stations are deployed in industrial work areas to receive UWB positioning signals from the dual-mode tag terminal and record the signal arrival timestamp. Each UWB positioning base station maintains consistency in its time reference through a time synchronization protocol; An RFID reader is deployed at a pre-set key node in the material flow process to trigger the RFID communication module of the dual-mode tag terminal within its effective identification range for non-contact reading of material identity and status data. The edge gateway is connected to the UWB positioning base station and RFID reader via wired or wireless communication, and integrates a data fusion unit. The data fusion unit executes a timestamp matching algorithm to associate and bind UWB positioning data and RFID communication data from the same dual-mode tag terminal to generate a fused data packet. The cloud management platform receives the fused data packets uploaded by the edge gateway, executes the TDOA positioning algorithm to calculate the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the dual-mode tag terminal, and combines it with RFID data to realize real-time location tracking, status monitoring and historical trajectory tracing of materials.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-mode tag terminal's UWB positioning module uses a DW1000 chip, with an operating frequency band set between 3.5 GHz and 6.5 GHz, and a positioning accuracy better than or equal to 10 centimeters; the ultra-high frequency RFID communication module uses an IMPINJMonzaR7 chip, with an operating frequency set between 860 MHz and 960 MHz, and the communication protocol conforms to the ISO18000-6C standard.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit of the dual-mode tag terminal adopts a hybrid energy storage structure of lithium thionyl chloride battery and supercapacitor connected in parallel; the lithium thionyl chloride battery is the main power supply unit, providing a stable and long-term energy supply for the system, with an annual self-discharge rate of less than or equal to one percent; the supercapacitor is a peak power compensation unit, providing instantaneous high current discharge at the moment the UWB positioning module transmits a signal to meet its peak power consumption requirements.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time synchronization between the UWB positioning base stations is achieved in accordance with the IEEE 1588 PTP protocol; each base station performs time synchronization calibration periodically to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy error between any two base stations is less than or equal to ten nanoseconds, so as to ensure the calculation accuracy of the TDOO positioning algorithm.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The "timestamp matching + material code binding" algorithm executed by the data fusion unit of the edge gateway is as follows: extract the positioning signal reception timestamp T1 from the UWB positioning data packet and the identity information reading timestamp T2 from the RFID communication data packet respectively. When the absolute time difference between T1 and T2 is less than or equal to 500 milliseconds, it is determined that the two sets of data come from the same material at similar time points. Then, the positioning coordinates are bound to the material code and status data contained in the RFID into a fusion data packet. The data mismatch rate of this algorithm is less than or equal to one in a thousand.

6. A dual-mode tracking method for industrial materials based on the system described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: System initialization. Assign a unique material code to each dual-mode tag terminal on the cloud management platform and configure its UWB positioning refresh rate and RFID communication trigger conditions. Step 2: Dual-mode data acquisition. The microcontroller of the dual-mode tag terminal periodically wakes up the UWB positioning module to send positioning signals according to a preset refresh rate. When the dual-mode tag terminal enters the identification range of the RFID reader along with the material, its RFID communication module is woken up and uploads the material code and status data. Step 3: Data fusion and processing. The edge gateway performs timestamp matching on the received UWB positioning data and RFID communication data, generates a fused data packet, and uploads it. The cloud management platform uses the TDOA algorithm to solve the fused data package, obtains the precise coordinates of the materials, and stores them in the database; Step 4: Tracking, Management and Early Warning. The cloud management platform updates the material location and movement trajectory in real time on the visual interface, and judges abnormal status based on preset electronic fence rules or the duration of location signal loss, triggering the corresponding early warning mechanism. Step 5: Low power consumption control. The microcontroller of the dual-mode tag terminal monitors the movement status of the material. When the continuous positioning data shows that the duration of the material being in a stationary state exceeds a preset threshold, it automatically reduces the refresh frequency of UWB positioning and switches the RFID module to passive wake-up mode only.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, the UWB positioning data acquisition adopts a dynamic power adjustment strategy: the microcontroller determines the communication distance based on the signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the nearest base station measured by the UWB module. When the distance is less than or equal to ten meters, the transmission power of the UWB module is reduced to negative decibel milliwatts; when the distance is greater than ten meters, the transmission power is restored to zero decibel milliwatts. Thus, while ensuring communication quality, the power consumption of a single positioning operation is dynamically optimized within the range of 15 mAs to 30 mAs.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The abnormal warning trigger conditions in step four include: a) Space boundary crossing warning, which is triggered when the material coordinates calculated by the cloud platform enter the pre-set prohibited area or leave the allowed working area; b) Location loss warning, which is triggered when the cloud management platform does not receive valid location data of a specific tag for more than ten consecutive seconds; the warning methods include platform audible and visual alarms and push SMS notifications to the designated administrator's mobile phone number.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 5, low-power control, further includes base station energy-saving strategies: during non-working periods such as nighttime shutdowns in industrial workshops, the edge gateway sends instructions to all UWB positioning base stations according to a preset schedule, enabling them to enter a low-power operation mode; in this mode, the positioning refresh rate of the base station is reduced to 0.5 Hz, and the overall power consumption is reduced by 60% compared to the normal working mode.

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