Safety protection methods and devices for grid-type V2G charging piles

Abstract

This invention provides a safety protection method and device for network-based V2G charging piles, belonging to the field of V2G charging pile technology. The charging pile includes multiple operating modes, and operates in any of these modes. The method includes: acquiring the current operating mode of the charging pile; determining an operating loop based on the current operating mode; acquiring the operating parameters of the operating loop in real time; determining whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions under the current operating mode based on the operating parameters, obtaining a protection judgment result; and controlling the charging pile based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current operating mode. By adopting differentiated control strategies for different operating modes, the device utilization rate and user experience are maximized while ensuring electrical safety and grid reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of V2G charging pile technology, and specifically to a safety protection method and device for grid-type V2G charging piles. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry and the deep integration of smart grid technology, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has emerged. As a key interface connecting electric vehicles and the power grid, V2G charging stations not only possess the traditional function of charging electric vehicle battery systems, but also the ability to use electric vehicles as distributed energy storage units, transmitting energy from the vehicle's battery system back to the grid under specific conditions. This bidirectional energy flow characteristic gives V2G charging stations enormous application potential in promoting renewable energy consumption, participating in grid demand response, and achieving peak shaving and valley filling.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for protecting and controlling charging piles typically employ a global, unified protection strategy. However, V2G charging piles do not always operate in a single mode. The stress requirements on internal power modules, control units, protection devices, and connecting lines differ significantly across different operating modes, leading to varying protection needs. Existing global, uniform threshold protection strategies are essentially a "one-size-fits-all" approach that fails to detect changes in operating modes. They cannot distinguish the specific operating mode of the charging pile or provide refined control for the differentiated protection requirements of key components under different modes. This results in either overly stringent overall protection thresholds set to accommodate the high requirements of grid-connected mode, frequently triggering unnecessary false protection actions in charging mode and affecting normal charging efficiency; or relatively lenient thresholds set to ensure smooth operation in charging mode, failing to promptly and accurately identify specific risks (such as inverter anomalies or grid islanding) in grid-connected mode, thus creating safety hazards and failing to achieve reliable, multi-dimensional protection for V2G charging piles under all operating conditions.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a protection strategy that can adaptively adjust according to different working modes of V2G charging piles and achieve refined and differentiated protection methods has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safety protection method for grid-connected V2G charging piles, a safety protection device for grid-connected V2G charging piles, a grid-connected V2G charging pile, a machine-readable storage medium, and an electronic device. This method has the ability to adaptively identify operating conditions and can execute differentiated handling measures for different modes. By adopting differentiated control strategies for different operating modes, it maximizes equipment utilization and user experience while ensuring electrical safety and grid reliability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a safety protection method for a network-based V2G charging pile, wherein the charging pile includes multiple operating modes, and the charging pile operates in any of these operating modes; the method includes:

[0007] Obtain the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0008] Based on the current operating mode of the charging pile, the operating loop is determined;

[0009] The operating parameters of the operating loop are acquired in real time;

[0010] Based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the protection judgment result is obtained;

[0011] Based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile, the charging pile is controlled.

[0012] In one embodiment, the multiple operating modes include a charging mode, a grid-connected mode, and a grid-connected mode. The charging pile operates in the charging mode to charge the battery system with electrical energy from the grid. The charging pile operates in the grid-connected mode to send electrical energy from the battery system into the grid. The charging pile operates in the grid-connected mode to send electrical energy from the battery system into the microgrid.

[0013] In one embodiment, determining the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile includes:

[0014] The charging pile is currently operating in the charging mode, and the operating circuit is determined to be the charging circuit.

[0015] When the current operating mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the grid-connected circuit;

[0016] When the current working mode of the charging pile is the network construction mode, the operating loop is determined to be the network construction loop.

[0017] In one embodiment, the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes a multi-dimensional protection strategy.

[0018] The protection strategy based on the protection judgment result and the current working mode of the charging pile, which controls the charging pile, includes:

[0019] Based on the protection judgment result, the corresponding protection strategy is matched among the protection strategies of the multiple dimensions;

[0020] The charging pile is controlled based on the corresponding protection strategy.

[0021] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0022] Obtain the target working mode switching command;

[0023] Based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions;

[0024] If the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, a mode switching process is determined based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0025] In one embodiment, determining a mode switching process based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and switching the current operating mode of the charging pile to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process, includes:

[0026] Obtain permission to switch modes;

[0027] Based on the target working mode switching instruction, determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission;

[0028] If the target operating mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, a mode switching process is determined based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the current operating mode of the charging pile is switched to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process.

[0029] In one embodiment, obtaining mode switching permission includes:

[0030] Based on the operating parameters of the operating loop, the current risk level is obtained by matching the preset safety risk level classification;

[0031] Based on the current risk level and the current operating mode of the charging pile, the mode switching permission is determined.

[0032] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0033] Based on the current risk level, determine the response strategy;

[0034] The charging pile is controlled based on the aforementioned response strategy.

[0035] A second aspect of this application provides a safety protection device for a network-type V2G charging pile, wherein the charging pile includes multiple operating modes and operates in any one of the operating modes; the device includes:

[0036] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the current working mode of the charging pile;

[0037] The determination module is used to determine the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0038] The second acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the operating circuit in real time.

[0039] The monitoring module is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current working mode of the charging pile based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, and to obtain the protection judgment result;

[0040] The control module is used to control the charging pile based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile.

[0041] In one embodiment, the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes a multi-dimensional protection strategy.

[0042] The control module includes:

[0043] The matching submodule is used to match the corresponding protection strategy among the protection strategies in the multiple dimensions based on the protection judgment result.

[0044] The protection submodule is used to control the charging pile based on the corresponding protection strategy.

[0045] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0046] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the target working mode switching instruction;

[0047] The judgment module is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit.

[0048] The switching module is used to determine a mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile when it is determined that the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0049] In one embodiment, the switching module includes:

[0050] The permission acquisition submodule is used to acquire mode switching permissions;

[0051] The permission matching submodule is used to determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission based on the target working mode switching instruction;

[0052] The switching execution submodule is used to determine the mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, when the target working mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0053] In one embodiment, the permission acquisition submodule includes:

[0054] The risk matching unit is used to match the current risk level based on the operating parameters of the operating loop and in a preset safety risk level classification.

[0055] The permission determination unit is used to determine the mode switching permission based on the current risk level and the current working mode of the charging pile.

[0056] A third aspect of this application provides a grid-type V2G charging pile, wherein the charging pile employs the above-described method for safety protection.

[0057] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0058] At least one processor;

[0059] A memory connected to the at least one processor;

[0060] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the at least one processor implements the above-mentioned network-type V2G charging pile safety protection method by executing the instructions stored in the memory.

[0061] The fifth aspect of this application provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, configure the processor to perform the aforementioned network-based V2G charging pile safety protection method.

[0062] The above technical solution involves obtaining the current operating mode of a charging pile when it is running in any operating mode; determining the operating loop based on the current operating mode; acquiring the operating parameters of the operating loop in real time; determining whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions under the current operating mode based on the operating parameters of the operating loop, and obtaining a protection judgment result; and controlling the charging pile based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current operating mode. By determining the corresponding operating loop according to the current operating mode of the charging pile, the protection logic no longer performs general monitoring of the entire machine, but focuses precisely on the actual physical path in operation, effectively avoiding misjudgments caused by interference signals from non-operating loops and achieving accurate positioning of the protected object. Simultaneously, by associating and binding real-time operating parameters with the protection conditions and strategies under the current mode, dynamic threshold adjustment is achieved, freeing the protection logic from the "one-size-fits-all" mode of a single threshold, enabling adaptive identification of operating conditions, and allowing for differentiated handling measures for different modes. This establishes a linkage mechanism encompassing "operating mode—operational loop—protection conditions—protection strategy," designing differentiated protection mechanisms for different energy flow directions and operating scenarios, systematically addressing the issue of balancing safety requirements in bidirectional energy flow scenarios. This mechanism enables adaptive adjustment of protection logic, significantly reducing protection dead zones and false alarm rates across multiple modes. Simultaneously, by adopting differentiated control strategies for different operating modes, it maximizes equipment utilization and user experience while ensuring electrical safety and grid reliability.

[0063] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0064] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0065] Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates a process flow diagram of a network-type V2G charging pile safety protection method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 2 This schematically illustrates an overall architecture block diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 3 This illustration schematically shows a workflow diagram of the operating environment monitoring and active protection subsystem according to an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 4This illustration schematically shows the timing diagram of the coordinated operation of a multi-scenario fault rapid protection mechanism according to an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 5 This illustration schematically shows the grid-connected / islanded dual-mode adaptive protection logic and switching flowchart according to an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 6 This schematic diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a network-type V2G charging pile safety protection device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the internal structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0072] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0073] 410 - First acquisition module; 420 - Determination module; 430 - Second acquisition module; 440 - Monitoring module; 450 - Control module; A01 - Processor; A02 - Network interface; A03 - Internal memory; A04 - Display screen; A05 - Input device; A06 - Non-volatile storage medium; B01 - Operating system; B02 - Computer program. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0075] It should be noted that the acquisition, transmission, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application all comply with relevant laws and regulations. In the embodiments of this application, certain existing industry solutions such as software, components, and models may be mentioned. These should be considered exemplary, intended only to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application, and do not imply that the applicant has already used or necessarily used such solutions.

[0076] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0077] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0078] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This illustration schematically shows a flowchart of a safety protection method for a grid-based V2G charging pile according to an embodiment of this application. This embodiment provides a safety protection method for a grid-based V2G charging pile, wherein the charging pile includes multiple operating modes, and the charging pile operates in any of these operating modes; the method includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 210: Obtain the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0080] In this embodiment, the aforementioned charging pile refers to a V2G charging pile. A V2G charging pile not only allows the power grid to charge electric vehicles, but also, when needed, can transmit electrical energy from the electric vehicle's battery system back to the power grid. The current operating mode of the charging pile can be obtained through user input or based on the charging pile's operating status.

[0081] In some embodiments, the aforementioned V2G charging piles can also transmit electrical energy from the electric vehicle battery system to the microgrid to supply power to the microgrid. For example, in an emergency, an emergency demand response can be activated, mobilizing V2G-enabled electric vehicles in the vicinity of the community to participate in the response. The electric vehicles use V2G bidirectional charging piles to discharge electricity to users in the community, ensuring the basic electricity needs of users in high-rise communities during disasters.

[0082] Therefore, the aforementioned charging pile can include multiple operating modes, such as charging mode, grid-connected mode, and grid-building mode. The charging pile operates in the charging mode to charge the battery system with electrical energy from the grid; the charging pile operates in the grid-connected mode to send the electrical energy from the battery system into the grid; and the charging pile operates in the grid-building mode to send the electrical energy from the battery system into the microgrid.

[0083] In this embodiment, the aforementioned power grid refers to a power system, which is a unified network composed of power plants, transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, and power users (loads) connected in a certain way. The aforementioned battery system refers to a power battery system that can not only store electrical energy to power vehicles (charging), but also safely, controllably, and efficiently transmit the stored electrical energy back to the external power grid according to instructions. The aforementioned microgrid can be a small, autonomous power generation and distribution system composed of distributed power sources (such as solar photovoltaic panels, small wind turbines), energy storage devices, energy conversion equipment, loads (such as nearby factories, residential buildings), and monitoring and protection devices. The microgrid in this embodiment also refers to a microgrid system.

[0084] For example, when a power grid anomaly occurs, if no electric vehicle connects to a charging station or the state of charge (SOC) of the connected vehicle's battery is less than 50%, the program first initiates a vehicle invitation process to send an invitation command to the registered electric vehicle. The command includes information such as emergency grid connection requirements, minimum required power, and expected duration. When it is detected that an electric vehicle that has accepted the invitation has connected, the battery SOC is greater than 50%, and the grid connection power of the charging station is greater than the load requirement, the program sets the microgrid parameters and starts the inverter output, and the charging station operates in grid connection mode. If there is no response after a timeout or no vehicle that meets the conditions connects, the program triggers local load hierarchical disconnection and reports to the cloud platform. Furthermore, when the charging pile operates in grid-connected mode, a voltage / frequency (V / F) droop control algorithm can be used to achieve autonomous stabilization of the microgrid voltage and frequency: when the load increases, the microgrid frequency shows a downward trend, and the program automatically adjusts the output power of the DC-DC converter and the power conversion system (PCS) to increase the electric vehicle discharge current and maintain the frequency stable within the range of 50Hz±0.1Hz; when the load decreases, the frequency shows an upward trend, and the program reduces the discharge current to avoid excessive voltage; the SOC is monitored in real time, and when the SOC drops to 20% (the minimum protection threshold), an orderly shutdown procedure is triggered to prioritize the disconnection of non-critical loads and ensure that critical loads are powered until the battery is depleted.

[0085] Through the grid-based configuration of charging piles, local microgrids can be proactively constructed when the power grid experiences a loss of power or an anomaly. Mechanisms such as load grading management, emergency load shedding, and vehicle-invited grid construction ensure continuous power supply to critical emergency loads. This allows charging piles to adapt to all scenarios, including normal power grid operation, power grid anomalies, and emergency power supply.

[0086] Step 220: Determine the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0087] In this embodiment, the electrical circuits of the charging piles differ depending on the operating mode. The corresponding operating circuit can be matched according to the current operating mode of the charging pile.

[0088] In some embodiments, determining the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile includes:

[0089] When the current working mode of the charging pile is the charging mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the charging circuit, and the electrical energy in the charging circuit is charged into the battery system by the power grid through the charging pile;

[0090] When the current working mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the grid-connected circuit, and the electrical energy in the grid-connected circuit is sent to the power grid by the battery system through the charging pile;

[0091] When the current working mode of the charging pile is the grid-building mode, the operating loop is determined to be the grid-building loop, and the electrical energy in the grid-building loop is sent from the battery system to the microgrid through the charging pile.

[0092] In this embodiment, in charging mode, the power flow in the circuit is grid → charging pile → vehicle; in grid-connected mode, the power flow is vehicle → charging pile → grid; and in grid-connected mode, the power flow is vehicle → charging pile → microgrid → emergency load. Therefore, the power flow destination in the circuit can be determined based on the current operating mode of the charging pile, thus determining the operating circuit. That is, in charging mode or grid-connected mode, the operating circuit includes the grid, battery system, and charging pile; in grid-connected mode, the operating circuit includes the grid, microgrid, and charging pile.

[0093] Step 230: Obtain the operating parameters of the operating loop in real time;

[0094] In this embodiment, after the operating loop is determined, its real-time operating parameters can be collected. These operating parameters refer to the parameters of the operating loop during its current operation, including electrical parameters, environmental parameters, and status parameters. These parameters can be collected by a monitoring system, which may include the following modules:

[0095] 1. Electrical Parameter Monitoring Module: The AC and DC metering units synchronously sample the three-phase voltage / current on the AC side (grid / microgrid side) and the voltage / current on the DC side (vehicle end) at a high speed with a sampling frequency ≥10kHz, accurately calculating power, power factor, harmonic distortion rate, frequency, three-phase imbalance, etc.

[0096] 2. Equipment Status Monitoring Module

[0097] Temperature monitoring: High-precision temperature sensors are deployed at key heat-generating points such as the power module heat sink, charging gun head, and cable connectors to monitor the temperature gradient in real time.

[0098] Mechanical condition monitoring: Position / status sensors are deployed in the charging gun locking mechanism and cabinet door to prevent plugging / unplugging under load or unauthorized opening.

[0099] Battery Status Monitoring: Through deep communication with the vehicle's Battery Management System (BMS) via national standard GB / T27930 and other protocols, it can acquire and evaluate key parameters such as battery SOC, State of Health (SOH), voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and charge / discharge cycle count in real time.

[0100] Power module status monitoring: Real-time acquisition of output voltage, current, and temperature data of DC-DC converters and PCS, serving as the basis for network control.

[0101] 3. Operating Environment Monitoring Module

[0102] Environmental monitoring: Temperature and humidity sensors and condensation sensors are deployed at key locations on the pile. When the internal humidity exceeds a set threshold or a sudden temperature change may cause condensation, the heating and dehumidification device is automatically activated.

[0103] Electromagnetic environment monitoring: Built-in broadband electric / magnetic field probes monitor the intensity of electromagnetic radiation generated around the charging pile and during its own operation, especially during high-power bidirectional switching and network startup. Combined with conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) monitoring, it assesses the risk of interference to communication and control within the charging pile.

[0104] Power Grid Quality Monitoring: Real-time calculation and monitoring of power quality parameters such as voltage sags / dips, frequency shifts, and three-phase imbalance on the grid side. A high-precision phase-locked loop continuously tracks the grid voltage phase and frequency change rate, using this data as a basis for judging grid stability and making decisions regarding grid-connected / islanded mode switching.

[0105] Because the core objectives of protection differ under different operating modes—for example, in charging mode, the core objectives are to ensure the stability of the power grid and the safety of vehicle battery charging, avoiding risks such as overcharging, overheating, and poor contact; in grid-connected mode, the core objectives are to ensure the stability of the microgrid voltage and frequency, and the continuous power supply to emergency loads, avoiding risks such as overload, transient instability, and load surges; and in grid-connected mode, the core objectives are to ensure the stability of the microgrid voltage and frequency, and the continuous power supply to emergency loads, avoiding risks such as overload, transient instability, and load surges—the operating parameters considered differ under different operating modes, meaning the operating parameters of the operating circuits need to be acquired also differ. In practical implementation, all operating parameters can be collected, and different operating parameters can be used for different operating modes during subsequent protection implementation.

[0106] For example, when the current working mode of the charging pile is charging mode, the operating circuit includes the power grid, the battery system and the charging pile. The operating parameters of the operating circuit include: battery voltage fluctuation value, battery temperature change rate, battery status (battery temperature and battery SOC); voltage sag rate, three-phase imbalance, and harmonic distortion of the power grid; charging gun lock-up status and contact resistance of the charging pile, ambient temperature of the charging pile, and insulation resistance of positive / negative poles to ground.

[0107] For example, when the current working mode of the charging pile is grid-connected, the operating circuit includes the power grid, the battery system and the charging pile. The operating parameters of the operating circuit include: battery SOC, battery discharge current; power grid impedance, power grid voltage amplitude, power grid frequency response characteristics, power grid dispatch instructions; and the voltage and current of the charging pile.

[0108] For example, when the current operating mode of the charging pile is grid-connected mode, the operating loop includes the power grid, microgrid, and charging pile. The operating parameters of the operating loop include: the output voltage amplitude, frequency, waveform quality, microgrid overload rate, load change rate, microgrid frequency change, microgrid-to-ground insulation resistance (which can be calculated in real time by configuring an intelligent insulation monitoring instrument); battery SOC; charging gun connector temperature, contact resistance, charging pile power module temperature, and condensation status.

[0109] Step 240: Based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, determine whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions under the current operating mode of the charging pile, and obtain the protection judgment result;

[0110] In this embodiment, the core protection objectives differ for different operating modes; therefore, the protection judgment conditions also differ. Corresponding protection judgment conditions can be pre-set for each operating mode. After determining the current operating mode of the charging pile, the corresponding protection judgment conditions can be obtained, i.e., the protection judgment conditions under the current operating mode of the charging pile. If the protection judgment conditions are met, the protection judgment result is "meets the protection condition"; if the protection judgment conditions are not met, the protection judgment result is "does not meet the protection condition". During the judgment, it can be done directly using the operating parameters of the operating circuit, or it can be done by first determining the comparison factor required for the corresponding protection condition based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, and then judging whether the comparison factor meets the protection conditions under the current operating mode of the charging pile.

[0111] It should be noted that the above protection judgment conditions can be control conditions of multiple dimensions, and each dimension of control condition can be one or a combination of multiple conditions. When the protection judgment conditions of the charging pile in its current working mode include control conditions of multiple dimensions, the working parameters of the operating circuit can be judged separately to determine whether they meet the control conditions of each dimension, thereby obtaining the protection judgment result.

[0112] For example, when the operating mode is charging mode, the corresponding protection judgment conditions include: charging interaction control conditions, grid-side disturbance control conditions, charging gun and equipment safety control conditions, and equipment self-safety control conditions. Charging interaction control conditions include battery status exceeding safety thresholds, such as battery SOC ≥ 95% or battery temperature > 45℃. Grid-side disturbance control conditions include grid power quality exceeding disturbance thresholds, such as grid voltage sag > 10%, three-phase imbalance > 5%, or harmonic distortion rate > 3%. Charging gun and equipment safety control conditions include excessive contact resistance or abnormal charging gun locking status. Equipment self-safety control conditions include the charging pile's power module temperature exceeding a temperature threshold, which can be one or more.

[0113] For example, in grid-connected mode, the corresponding protection judgment conditions include: islanding control conditions, power and battery control conditions, and electrical safety control conditions. Islanding control conditions include the charging pile being in an unplanned islanding state; power and battery control conditions include the battery SOC being below the power supply threshold; and electrical safety control conditions include the fault arc identification response time being below the time threshold. For instance, in this mode, the system periodically injects controlled micro-frequency disturbances (amplitude ≤ 0.02Hz) into the grid, simultaneously monitoring grid impedance, voltage amplitude, and frequency response characteristics. Combining over / undervoltage and over / underfrequency passive criteria, a multi-criteria fusion algorithm accurately identifies the islanding state within 2 seconds, determining whether the islanding state is unplanned, thus obtaining the active islanding detection and protection judgment result. It also determines whether the battery SOC is < 30%, obtaining the power control and battery safety protection judgment result. A precise arc fault protection module is configured, which combines high-frequency current sampling and deep learning algorithms to distinguish between normal operating current, switching arc and dangerous fault arc, and to determine whether the fault arc identification response time is ≤10ms, thereby obtaining the electrical safety protection judgment result.

[0114] For example, when the operating mode is grid-based, the corresponding protection judgment conditions include: microgrid voltage source control conditions, load control conditions, transient control conditions, collaborative control conditions, and battery and equipment control conditions. Among these, microgrid voltage source control conditions include: voltage fluctuations below the fluctuation threshold during load changes; load control conditions include: microgrid overload exceeding the overload threshold or battery SOC below the battery safety threshold, for example, microgrid overload exceeding 110% or vehicle battery SOC dropping sharply to 25%; transient control conditions include: microgrid frequency change rate exceeding the frequency change threshold; collaborative control conditions include: charging gun connector temperature exceeding the connector temperature threshold, contact resistance exceeding the resistance threshold, charging pile power unit temperature exceeding the power temperature threshold, and environmental condensation risk exceeding the condensation risk threshold, for example: charging gun connector temperature > 60℃, contact resistance > 30mΩ, power unit temperature ≥ 85℃, and environmental condensation risk > 80%; battery and equipment control conditions include: battery SOC below the minimum protection threshold, and the microgrid-to-ground insulation resistance in the charging pile below the microgrid insulation resistance threshold. For example, in this mode, based on the output microgrid voltage amplitude (220V / 380V±2%), frequency (50Hz±0.1Hz), and waveform quality, voltage fluctuations during load changes can be determined, and it can be judged whether the voltage fluctuation is ≤±3%, thus obtaining the active islanding detection and protection judgment result; it can be judged whether the microgrid overload exceeds 110% or whether the vehicle battery SOC drops sharply to 25%, thus obtaining the load protection judgment result; it can be judged whether the microgrid frequency drops instantaneously to 49.5Hz, thus obtaining the transient protection judgment result; it can be judged whether the charging gun connector temperature is >60℃ and whether the contact resistance is >30mΩ, thus obtaining the collaborative protection judgment result; it can also be judged whether the power unit temperature is ≥85℃, and whether the environmental condensation risk is >80% based on the environmental condensation, thus obtaining the collaborative protection judgment result; it can be judged whether the battery SOC is not higher than 20%, and whether the microgrid side insulation resistance to ground is <50Ω, thus obtaining the battery and equipment safety protection judgment result.

[0115] Step 250: Based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile, control the charging pile.

[0116] In this embodiment, different protection strategies can be pre-set for different operating modes. These strategies can include multiple strategies, each corresponding to a different protection judgment result. For example, in grid-connected mode, if the protection judgment result indicates that the electrical safety protection conditions are met, protection strategy A is used; if the protection judgment result indicates that the electrical safety protection conditions are not met, protection strategy B is used. Based on the protection judgment result, the corresponding protection strategy can be matched from the protection strategies corresponding to the current operating mode of the charging pile, and then the charging pile can be controlled according to that protection strategy. This control can be hardware control, such as cutting off hardware circuits, or software control, such as adjusting charging power, depending on the specific protection strategy.

[0117] For example, in charging mode, the charging station can be controlled in the following ways:

[0118] Charging interaction safety protection: An encrypted communication link is established with the vehicle's BMS via the GB / T27930 protocol. Identity authentication and battery parameter verification (SOC, SOH, temperature) are completed before charging. Charging is only initiated when the battery status meets the safety thresholds (SOC < 95%, temperature < 45℃). During charging, battery voltage fluctuations (≤ ±5%) and temperature change rate are monitored in real time. When the temperature > 45℃ or SOC ≥ 95%, the charging power is immediately reduced or charging is paused.

[0119] Grid-side disturbance protection: Continuously monitor the power quality of the power grid. When a voltage sag >10%, three-phase imbalance >5%, or harmonic distortion rate >3% is detected, it automatically switches to the anti-disturbance charging mode and isolates grid disturbances through power converter filtering and voltage regulation functions. If the disturbance lasts for more than 1 minute, charging is suspended and an abnormality prompt is pushed to the user.

[0120] Safety protection for charging gun and equipment: Real-time monitoring of the charging gun's locking status and contact resistance (threshold ≤ 50mΩ). If the contact resistance exceeds the standard or the locking signal is abnormal, the charging circuit will be immediately cut off to prevent arcing faults caused by plugging and unplugging under load. After charging is completed, the "power off first, then unlock" logic will be executed to avoid the risk of disconnection under power.

[0121] Equipment self-safety protection: Adopting an adaptive temperature control strategy, the cooling fan speed is adjusted according to the power module temperature. When the temperature is >85℃, the charging is actively derated, and when the temperature is >90℃, the machine is shut down in an orderly manner. Through an adaptive injection insulation monitor, the insulation resistance between the positive and negative poles and ground is calculated in real time, and the power is immediately cut off when the insulation is abnormal.

[0122] For example, in grid-connected mode, the following controls can be applied to the charging pile:

[0123] Active islanding detection and protection: Controlled micro-frequency disturbances (amplitude ≤ 0.02Hz) can be periodically injected into the grid, simultaneously monitoring grid impedance, voltage amplitude, and frequency response characteristics. Combining over / undervoltage and over / underfrequency passive criteria, a multi-criteria fusion algorithm accurately identifies islanding status within 2 seconds. Upon confirmation of unplanned islanding, first-level hardware protection is immediately triggered, forcibly disconnecting the AC-side switch and stopping power converter modulation to achieve physical isolation from the faulty grid. Simultaneously, local load and energy storage status are assessed to prepare for switching to grid-connected mode.

[0124] Power control and battery safety protection: The reverse power supply is dynamically adjusted according to the grid dispatch instructions and battery status to avoid the impact of power sudden changes on the grid; the battery SOC and discharge current are monitored in real time, and the grid-connected reverse power supply is stopped when SOC < 30% to prevent the battery from being damaged by excessive discharge.

[0125] Electrical safety protection: Equipped with a precise arc fault protection module, combining high-frequency current sampling and deep learning algorithms to distinguish between normal operating current, switching arc and dangerous fault arc, with a fault arc identification response time ≤10ms, immediately cutting off the discharge circuit; It has overvoltage, undervoltage and overcurrent fast interruption protection, with hardware-level protection loop implemented by a high-speed comparator, with a response time ≤1ms.

[0126] For example, in the network construction mode, the following controls can be performed on the charging piles:

[0127] Microgrid voltage self-independent protection: Switching to V / F control mode, the output voltage amplitude (220V / 380V±2%), frequency (50Hz±0.1Hz), and waveform quality are the core monitoring objects. Stricter steady-state accuracy tolerance and transient response indicators are set than those in grid-connected mode (voltage fluctuation ≤±3% during load changes). The microgrid stability is maintained by adjusting the modulation ratio of the power converter in real time.

[0128] Load tier management and emergency load shedding: Establish a three-tier load priority list: Tier 1 is critical loads (communication base stations, emergency lighting), Tier 2 is important loads (medical equipment, monitoring systems), and Tier 3 is general loads (office equipment, air conditioning). When the microgrid overload exceeds 110% or the vehicle battery SOC drops sharply to 25%, the Tier 3 loads are directly disconnected via hardware circuitry; if the overload persists, the power of Tier 2 loads is gradually limited to ensure the power supply continuity of Tier 1 critical loads.

[0129] Transient protection implementation (taking load surge as an example): When the emergency load suddenly increases from 10kW to 30kW, the microgrid frequency drops to 49.5Hz instantly. The program quickly collects the frequency change signal through the metering unit, increases the output current of the DC / AC converter within 20ms to compensate for the 20kW power gap, suppresses the frequency drop amplitude to ≤0.2Hz, and avoids transient instability.

[0130] Collaborative protection based on monitoring data: Integrating electrical, environmental, and battery monitoring data to achieve multi-dimensional protection: When the charging gun connector temperature is >60℃ and the contact resistance is >30mΩ, the output power of the corresponding vehicle is reduced by 30% and an alarm is triggered; when the power unit temperature is ≥85℃, the output power is limited to 70% of the rated value and heat dissipation is enhanced; when the risk of environmental condensation is >80%, the heating and dehumidification device inside the cabinet is activated, and if the condensation is not eliminated, the microgrid power is reduced by 20% to prevent the insulation performance from deteriorating.

[0131] Battery and equipment safety protection: Real-time monitoring of the vehicle battery SOC, triggering an orderly shutdown procedure when it drops to 20% (minimum protection threshold), prioritizing the disconnection of non-critical loads, and ensuring power supply to critical loads until the battery is depleted; Equipped with an intelligent insulation monitor, it calculates the microgrid-to-ground insulation resistance in real time, and immediately disconnects the microgrid output when the insulation resistance is <50Ω.

[0132] In the above implementation process, the current operating mode of the charging pile is obtained when it is running in any operating mode; based on the current operating mode, the operating loop is determined; the operating parameters of the operating loop are obtained in real time; based on the operating parameters of the operating loop, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions in the current operating mode, and a protection judgment result is obtained; based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current operating mode, the charging pile is controlled. By determining the corresponding operating loop according to the current operating mode of the charging pile, the protection logic no longer performs general monitoring of the entire machine, but focuses precisely on the physical path that is actually in operation, effectively avoiding misjudgments caused by interference signals from non-operating loops, and achieving accurate positioning of the protected object. At the same time, by associating and binding the real-time operating parameters with the protection conditions and strategies in the current mode, dynamic threshold adjustment is realized, enabling the protection logic to break away from the "one-size-fits-all" mode of a single threshold, have the ability to adaptively identify operating conditions, and be able to execute differentiated handling measures for different modes. This establishes a linkage mechanism encompassing "operating mode—operational loop—protection conditions—protection strategy," designing differentiated protection mechanisms for different energy flow directions and operating scenarios, systematically addressing the issue of balancing safety requirements in bidirectional energy flow scenarios. This mechanism enables adaptive adjustment of protection logic, significantly reducing protection dead zones and false alarm rates across multiple modes. Simultaneously, by adopting differentiated control strategies for different operating modes, it maximizes equipment utilization and user experience while ensuring electrical safety and grid reliability.

[0133] The solution is illustrated below with a specific system example. The overall system block diagram is as follows: Figure 2As shown, sensing and data acquisition are achieved through monitoring electrical parameters, status, environment, and battery. The acquired data is transmitted to the main control unit, which performs decision control, including multi-source information fusion, risk quantification and early warning, and fault filtering and analysis. Finally, protection is executed based on the results, including electrical protection, environmental regulation, power regulation, and mode control.

[0134] For example, please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a workflow of an operating environment monitoring and active protection subsystem according to an embodiment of this application. The workflow of the operating environment monitoring and protection subsystem may include the following steps:

[0135] Step 1: Parallel acquisition of multiple parameters (continuous execution)

[0136] Each sensor synchronously collects data at a preset frequency. Specific collection parameters and frequencies include:

[0137] Temperature and humidity: power module and control cabinet temperature, and humidity inside the cabinet;

[0138] Condensation state: the difference between the dew point temperature and the actual temperature;

[0139] Electromagnetic interference: electric / magnetic field strength, conducted EMI signals;

[0140] Electrical grid parameters: three-phase voltage / current, unbalance, voltage sag / dip amplitude;

[0141] Device correlation: charging gun contact resistance, power module temperature.

[0142] Step 2: Data Preprocessing and Fusion (Core Step for Local Judgment)

[0143] After filtering and denoising the collected data, the decision module determines the risk according to the logic of "single parameter threshold judgment + multi-parameter correlation verification". The specific judgment rules are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 is the risk judgment rule table.

[0144] Table 1 Risk Assessment Rules

[0145]

[0146] Step 3: Implement differentiated protection (triggered by risk type)

[0147] Based on the final risk assessment, the decision-making module outputs targeted protection instructions and executes the module's response actions:

[0148] High temperature risk: ①Activate enhanced cooling (fan speed 100%+, auxiliary air duct open); ②If the temperature is still >85℃ after 3 minutes, trigger power reduction to 70% of the rated value; ③If the temperature is >90℃, perform orderly shutdown.

[0149] Condensation / High Humidity Risk: ① Start the micro-positive pressure circulation system (cabinet pressure > outside pressure 50Pa) + heating plate (35℃); ② If condensation does not disappear after 10 minutes, limit the power to 50% of the rated value; ③ If humidity > 90%RH, stop charging / discharging / network operation.

[0150] Risk of strong magnetic interference: ① Switch control / communication signals to a shielded channel (shielding performance ≥60dB); ② Increase the data transmission verification level; ③ If the interference lasts for 5 minutes, suspend remote communication and maintain local control.

[0151] Grid electrical risks: ① When three-phase imbalance occurs, adjust the power distribution strategy (prioritize the interaction of phases with a balance of ≥95%); ② When voltage drops / rises suddenly, limit charging / discharging / grid connection power to 30% of the rated value; ③ If electrical parameters exceed the standard for 1 minute, switch to grid connection mode (when the grid is abnormal) or suspend operation (when charging / grid connection mode).

[0152] Step 4: Local handling and alarm closed loop

[0153] Local response: The display screen shows "risk type + protection action status" in real time (e.g., "high temperature risk - power reduction 70% operation").

[0154] Report alerts: Upload risk level, trigger parameters, and protection action logs to the cloud platform, and push operation and maintenance alerts;

[0155] Fault recording: Automatically records all electrical quantities and environmental parameter data (sampling frequency ≥ 10kHz) for 10 seconds before and after a risk is triggered, for use in post-event root cause analysis.

[0156] Step 5: Risk Mitigation and Recovery

[0157] The system continuously monitors the trigger parameters. When the parameters return to the safe threshold and remain stable for ≥3 minutes (e.g., temperature ≤75℃, humidity ≤70%RH, electromagnetic intensity ≤5V / m), the decision module issues a recovery command, and the execution module gradually restores normal operation, thus closing the alarm loop.

[0158] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the timing sequence of the coordinated operation of a multi-scenario fault rapid protection mechanism according to an embodiment of this application. Taking a combined over-temperature and over-current fault as an example, at time t0, the fault occurs and the temperature rises simultaneously; at time t0+5ms, the hardware protection signal is activated; at time t0+6ms, the solid-state switch is activated, and software-assisted diagnosis and event marking are performed.

[0159] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0160] First, obtain the target working mode switching command;

[0161] In this embodiment, the aforementioned target operating mode switching instruction refers to switching the current operating mode of the charging pile to another operating mode. The target operating mode switching instruction may include the target operating mode. This acquisition can be initiated by the user or triggered by set conditions, automatically generated when those conditions are met. For example, receiving a reverse power supply instruction from the power grid dispatch center constitutes acquiring the grid connection mode switching instruction.

[0162] Then, based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions;

[0163] In this embodiment, after receiving the target operating mode switching command, it is also necessary to determine whether the switch to the target operating mode is possible based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit to ensure the reliability of the switch. The aforementioned target operating mode switching conditions can be determined based on the current operating mode and the target operating mode of the charging pile. Switching conditions corresponding to different current operating modes and different target operating modes can be preset and then obtained through matching. Alternatively, the determination can first match the corresponding switching conditions based on the current operating mode and the target operating mode of the charging pile, and then determine whether the charging pile meets the target operating mode switching conditions based on the target operating mode switching command and the operating parameters of the operating circuit.

[0164] Then, if it is determined that the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, a mode switching process is determined based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0165] In this embodiment, if the charging pile meets the target operating mode switching conditions, a switching operation can be performed; if the charging pile does not meet the target operating mode switching conditions, no switching operation is performed, and a prompt message can be generated. Different target operating modes and the current operating mode have different switching procedures, which can be preset. Based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, a corresponding mode switching procedure is matched, and then the switching operation is performed according to the mode switching procedure.

[0166] For example, if the current operating mode is charging mode and the target operating mode is grid-connected mode, this can be represented as a charging → grid-connected switch. The switching conditions can be set as follows: battery SOC ≥ 50% and a reverse power supply command from the grid dispatch center is received. The mode switching process can be set as follows: ① Gradually reduce the reverse power supply to 0; ② Disconnect the grid-connected contactor to physically isolate from the grid; ③ Switch the control algorithm to constant current / constant voltage charging mode and negotiate charging parameters with the vehicle's BMS; ④ Start charging output and dynamically adjust the charging power according to the battery status, completing the switch.

[0167] The grid connection to charging switchover can be set under the following conditions: battery SOC ≤ 30% or grid dispatching stops reverse power supply (target operating mode switching command). The mode switching process can be set as follows: ① Upon detecting a grid anomaly, immediately trigger unplanned islanding protection and disconnect the grid connection contactor; ② Initiate vehicle presence detection. If no electric vehicle connects or SOC < 50%, send a grid connection invitation (including emergency demand, minimum power, and expected duration) to nearby registered electric vehicles via the communication module; ③ After detecting a vehicle that meets the conditions (SOC > 50%, grid connection power > load demand), initialize the microgrid parameters (voltage 220V / 380V ± 2%, frequency 50Hz ± 0.1Hz); ④ Activate V / F control mode and close the microgrid connection switch with the emergency load to achieve emergency power supply; ⑤ After the switchover is complete, enter the grid connection mode and execute the load hierarchical management strategy.

[0168] The grid connection to grid construction switching can be set under the following conditions: grid anomaly (e.g., voltage continuously below 85% of rated value for 300ms, frequency deviation > ±0.5Hz), grid loss of voltage (voltage drops to 0), and receipt of an emergency grid construction command (target operating mode switching command). The mode switching process can be set as follows: ① The main control unit continuously monitors the grid status and initiates the synchronization adjustment process after the synchronization conditions are met; ② The microgrid output voltage, frequency, and phase are controlled to be completely synchronized with the grid (synchronization error ≤ ±0.5°); ③ A current-limiting closing strategy is adopted to close the grid connection contactor and limit the inrush current to within 1.2 times the rated current; ④ The control algorithm is switched from V / F mode to active power / reactive power (P / Q, Active Power / Reactive Power) mode, gradually adjusting the power output to integrate into the grid; ⑤ The microgrid is disconnected from the emergency load, the switching is completed, and it enters the grid connection mode (automatically switching to charging mode when SOC ≤ 25%).

[0169] The grid connection to grid switching can be set to the following conditions: the grid returns to normal (voltage, frequency, and phase reach the rated range and operate stably for more than 5 seconds) and the battery SOC is less than 25% (grid connection needs to be stopped to replenish the power).

[0170] The charging-to-grid switching can be configured with the following conditions: a sudden grid anomaly (loss of voltage, severe imbalance) occurs during charging, and an emergency grid connection command (target operating mode switching command) is received. The mode switching process can be configured as follows: ① Immediately stop charging output and disconnect from the grid; ② Maintain communication with the vehicle's BMS and assess the vehicle's battery status (SOC≥50% can participate in grid connection); ③ If the vehicle meets the grid connection conditions, initialize microgrid parameters and start V / F control; ④ Close the emergency load switch and enter grid connection mode; ⑤ If no vehicle meets the conditions, trigger load tiered disconnection and report to the cloud platform.

[0171] The grid connection to charging switchover can be configured with the following conditions: the grid returns to normal and emergency power supply is no longer required; battery SOC ≤ 20% (charging required). The mode switching process can be configured as follows: ① Gradually cut off emergency load power supply (prioritizing critical loads until grid recovery); ② Disconnect the microgrid output switch and stop V / F control; ③ After detecting that the grid status meets charging requirements, switch the control algorithm to charging mode; ④ Negotiate charging parameters with the vehicle's BMS, start charging, and the switchover is complete. During grid connection operation, the program continuously monitors the grid status through the metering unit. When the following conditions are met, the grid is considered to have returned to normal: grid voltage, frequency, and phase return to the rated range, and stable operation time > 5 seconds. After grid recovery, the program immediately stops V / F control, gradually reduces the electric vehicle's discharge power, and smoothly switches to charging mode. During the switching process, microgrid output fluctuation is ≤ ±2%, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the load.

[0172] By acquiring the target operating mode switching command, and based on the target operating mode switching command and the operating parameters of the operating loop, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the target operating mode switching conditions. If the charging pile meets the target operating mode switching conditions, a mode switching process is determined based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the current operating mode of the charging pile is switched to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process. By using the target operating mode switching command and the operating parameters of the operating loop as the basis for determining whether to switch, the reliability of the switching can be guaranteed, and smooth switching between multiple modes can be achieved. At the same time, different target operating modes and the current operating mode have different switching processes, thereby ensuring the reliable implementation of various mode switching and further guaranteeing the reliability of the switching. This allows for reliable mode switching while ensuring the safety protection of the charging pile.

[0173] The following examples illustrate this; please refer to them. Figure 5 , Figure 5The diagram illustrates the grid-connected / islanding dual-mode adaptive protection logic and switching flowchart according to an embodiment of this application. Currently, it operates in grid-connected mode, continuously performing power quality and active islanding detection; based on detection results such as frequency and voltage, it confirms grid failure; triggers unplanned islanding protection, disconnecting the grid connection; when emergency power supply is available and necessary, it switches to grid-connected mode; it initiates microgrid voltage / frequency stabilization, load management, etc.; when the grid recovers and synchronization conditions are met, it switches back to charging / grid-connected mode.

[0174] In some embodiments, switching permissions may also be considered during the switching process. Specifically, determining a mode switching procedure based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and switching the current operating mode of the charging pile to the target operating mode according to the mode switching procedure, includes:

[0175] The first step is to obtain mode switching permissions;

[0176] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned mode switching permission can be set by the user according to actual needs. For example, if the current working mode of the charging pile is charging mode, the mode switching permission can be set to only switch to the grid construction mode and not to the grid connection mode.

[0177] In some embodiments, mode switching permissions may also be determined based on the current security level, wherein obtaining mode switching permissions includes:

[0178] First, based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, the current risk level is obtained by matching it with the preset safety risk level classification;

[0179] In this embodiment, the aforementioned preset safety risk level division can be pre-set and may include multiple risk levels and corresponding triggering conditions. During matching, the working parameters of the operating circuit can be used to determine whether the triggering conditions corresponding to each risk level are met, and the risk level that meets the triggering conditions corresponding to the risk level is taken as the current risk level.

[0180] Then, based on the current risk level and the current working mode of the charging pile, the mode switching permission is determined.

[0181] In this embodiment, the aforementioned preset security risk level classification also includes mode associations corresponding to each risk level. These associations represent the mode operations that can be performed under different operating modes at that risk level. These mode operations include mode switching, mode prohibition, etc. The corresponding mode association can be determined based on the current risk level, and then matched against the current operating mode of the charging pile within the mode association to obtain the corresponding mode operation, which is the mode switching permission.

[0182] For example, the preset safety risk level classification includes three risk levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. The trigger conditions for Level 1 risk are: short circuit, insulation breakdown, DC overvoltage > 150% of rated value, charging gun plugging / unplugging under load, and severe overload on the microgrid side (>120%). The mode association is: once triggered in any mode, mode switching is prohibited; the mode will be restored after fault clearing and manual reset. The trigger conditions for Level 2 risk are: power module temperature ≥ 85℃, battery SOC approaching the protection threshold, contact resistance > 30mΩ, communication interruption > 10s, and continuous deterioration of grid power quality (three-phase imbalance > 8%). The mode association is: switching to a higher safety priority mode is allowed only (e.g., switching to grid-connected / charging mode when the grid recovers in grid-connected mode); switching to a higher risk level mode is prohibited. It should be noted that the aforementioned switching to a higher safety priority mode refers to the fact that more complex control logic carries a higher safety risk. For example, charging mode has a simple unidirectional energy flow control logic and a high safety level; grid-connected mode has a simple energy flow and relatively simple control logic, resulting in a medium safety level; while grid-building mode has a complex energy flow and complex control logic, leading to more risk points and a low safety level. Therefore, when a level 2 risk occurs, switching to a more complex control logic, which would result in greater risk, is not permitted. The triggering conditions for level 3 risk are: long-term grid anomaly (lasting >10 minutes), power imbalance in multi-vehicle parallel grid construction, planned mode switching instructions, and emergency grid-building needs. The mode association is: switch to grid-building mode. When a level 1 risk is matched, the corresponding mode switching permission is prohibited. When a level 2 risk is matched, the corresponding mode switching permission is matched in the mode association based on the current operating mode of the charging pile. For example, if the current operating mode is grid-connected mode, the mode switching permission is charging mode. When a level 3 risk is matched, the corresponding mode switching permission is switch to grid-building mode. Through strategies such as precise synchronous control, current-limiting closing, and load pre-assessment, seamless switching between the three modes is achieved, with the inrush current ≤1.2 times the rated current, avoiding impact on the power grid, vehicles, and loads.

[0183] Based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, the current risk level is obtained by matching it with the preset safety risk level classification. Based on the current risk level and the current operating mode of the charging pile, the mode switching permission is determined, making the obtained mode switching permission more in line with the current working conditions, which helps to ensure the reliable implementation of mode switching.

[0184] The second step is to determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission based on the target working mode switching instruction.

[0185] In this embodiment, the above determination may be to determine whether the target operating mode in the target operating mode switching instruction is included within the mode switching permission. For example, if the target operating mode in the target operating mode switching instruction is network construction mode, and the current mode switching permission is to prohibit mode switching, then it means that the target operating mode is not included within the mode switching permission. If the current mode switching permission is to switch to network construction mode, then it means that the target operating mode is included within the mode switching permission.

[0186] The third step involves determining the mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, after confirming that the target working mode is within the mode switching authority. The current working mode of the charging pile is then switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0187] In this embodiment, the mode switching operation will only continue if the target working mode is within the mode switching permission; otherwise, the mode switching operation will not be performed.

[0188] By obtaining the mode switching permission, based on the target working mode switching instruction, it is determined whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission. Only when it is determined that the target working mode is within the mode switching permission, based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, the mode switching process is determined, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process, thereby further ensuring the reliability of the mode switching.

[0189] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0190] First, based on the current risk level, determine the response strategy;

[0191] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned preset security risk level classification also includes the response method corresponding to each risk level. After determining the current risk level, the corresponding response method can be obtained, that is, the response strategy can be obtained.

[0192] Then, the charging pile is controlled based on the response strategy.

[0193] In this embodiment, in the above example, for Level 1 risks, the response is as follows: hardware-level protection is triggered by an analog circuit independent of the main control, with a response time ≤1ms, forcibly shutting down power devices, cutting off the corresponding circuit (charging / grid connection / grid construction circuit), and triggering an audible and visual emergency alarm. For Level 2 risks, the response is handled by the main control's real-time interrupt service program, with a response time of 1ms~1s. In charging mode, active derating is implemented; in grid connection mode, reverse power is reduced or grid connection is stopped; in grid construction mode, tiered load shedding or power derating is initiated. For Level 3 risks, the main control unit's strategy engine makes decisions, with a response time of 1s~1min, executing strategies such as mode switching, load scheduling, and multi-vehicle power redistribution. Through this three-level collaborative mechanism, in-depth protection can be achieved, from μs-level hardware cutoff and ms-level active adjustment to system-level strategy adjustment. Combined with multi-source data fusion early warning, it can significantly improve the equipment's operational resilience and lifespan.

[0194] A response strategy is determined based on the current risk level; based on the response strategy, the charging station is controlled. Responsive measures can be taken according to the risk level when a risk occurs to avoid malfunctions.

[0195] This embodiment also provides a grid-type V2G charging pile, which uses the above-described method for safety protection.

[0196] In this embodiment, the charging pile may include a main power circuit, a control unit, and a sensor module, possessing the ability to utilize the electric vehicle battery as a temporary power source and construct a local microgrid for load support when the power grid is abnormal. A high-power isolated DC / DC converter and a bidirectional high-frequency PCS converter can be used to support bidirectional energy flow. During charging, rectification and conversion from the power grid to the vehicle are achieved; in grid-connected mode, inversion and conversion of DC power from the vehicle battery to AC power in the microgrid is achieved. The converter has wide voltage adaptability, compatible with the voltage range of battery packs from different vehicle models. An independent grid-connected control unit can be configured, equipped with a dual-core heterogeneous main control chip. The high-performance core is responsible for real-time calculation of the V / F control algorithm, ensuring precise control of the microgrid voltage and frequency; the real-time core is responsible for high-speed pulse signal output and millisecond-level fault signal acquisition, ensuring the timeliness and stability of the system response in grid-connected mode. A high-precision metering unit with a sampling frequency ≥10kHz can be installed on the AC output side to monitor the microgrid voltage, frequency, and phase parameters in real time. A DC metering unit can be installed on the DC input side to accurately measure the voltage, current, and power data input by the electric vehicle, providing a basis for grid power scheduling. A contact resistance monitoring sensor can be installed on the charging gun side to monitor the connector contact status in real time, preventing overheating faults caused by excessive contact resistance during grid discharge. This charging pile can achieve adaptive adjustment of protection logic, significantly reducing protection dead zones and false alarm rates in multiple modes. Simultaneously, by adopting differentiated control strategies for different operating modes, it maximizes equipment utilization and user experience while ensuring electrical safety and grid reliability.

[0197] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This schematically illustrates a structural block diagram of a network-type V2G charging pile safety protection device according to an embodiment of this application. This embodiment provides a network-type V2G charging pile safety protection device, wherein the charging pile includes multiple operating modes, and the charging pile operates in any of these modes; the device includes a first acquisition module 410, a determination module 420, a second acquisition module 430, a monitoring module 440, and a control module 450, wherein:

[0198] The first acquisition module 410 is used to acquire the current working mode of the charging pile;

[0199] The determination module 420 is used to determine the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0200] The second acquisition module 430 is used to acquire the operating parameters of the operating loop in real time.

[0201] The monitoring module 440 is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current working mode of the charging pile based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, and to obtain the protection judgment result.

[0202] The control module 450 is used to control the charging pile based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile.

[0203] The protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes multiple dimensions of protection strategy; the control module 450 includes:

[0204] The matching submodule is used to match the corresponding protection strategy among the protection strategies in the multiple dimensions based on the protection judgment result.

[0205] The protection submodule is used to control the charging pile based on the corresponding protection strategy.

[0206] This also includes:

[0207] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the target working mode switching instruction;

[0208] The judgment module is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit.

[0209] The switching module is used to determine a mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile when it is determined that the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0210] The switching module includes:

[0211] The permission acquisition submodule is used to acquire mode switching permissions;

[0212] The permission matching submodule is used to determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission based on the target working mode switching instruction;

[0213] The switching execution submodule is used to determine the mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, when the target working mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0214] The permission acquisition submodule includes:

[0215] The risk matching unit is used to match the current risk level based on the operating parameters of the operating loop and in a preset safety risk level classification.

[0216] The permission determination unit is used to determine the mode switching permission based on the current risk level and the current working mode of the charging pile.

[0217] The charging pile safety protection device includes a processor and a memory. The first acquisition module 410, the determination module 420, the second acquisition module 430, the monitoring module 440, and the control module 450 are all stored in the memory as program units. The processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize the corresponding functions.

[0218] The processor contains a kernel, which retrieves the corresponding program units from memory. One or more kernels can be configured, and safety features for charging stations can be implemented by adjusting kernel parameters.

[0219] The memory may include non-permanent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0220] This invention provides a machine-readable storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the network-based V2G charging pile safety protection method.

[0221] This invention provides a processor for running a program, wherein the program executes the network-based V2G charging pile safety protection method during runtime.

[0222] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the computer device includes a processor A01, a network interface A02, a display screen A04, an input device A05, and a memory (not shown) connected via a system bus. The processor A01 provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes internal memory A03 and a non-volatile storage medium A06. The non-volatile storage medium A06 stores an operating system B01 and a computer program B02. The internal memory A03 provides an environment for the operation of the operating system B01 and the computer program B02 stored in the non-volatile storage medium A06. The network interface A02 is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor A01, it implements a charging pile safety protection method. The display screen A04 can be an LCD screen or an e-ink display screen. The input device A05 can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the computer device casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0223] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0224] In one embodiment, the charging pile safety protection device provided in this application can be implemented as a computer program, and the computer program can be implemented in the form of, for example, Figure 7 The computer device shown is running the program. The computer device's memory can store the various program modules that make up the charging pile's safety protection device, for example... Figure 6 The diagram shows a first acquisition module 410, a determination module 420, a second acquisition module 430, a monitoring module 440, and a control module 450. The computer program comprised of these modules causes the processor to execute the steps in the charging pile safety protection methods of the various embodiments of this application described in this specification.

[0225] Figure 7 The computer equipment shown can be used as follows Figure 6 In the safety protection device for the grid-type V2G charging pile shown, the first acquisition module 410 executes step 210, the determination module 420 executes step 220, the second acquisition module 430 executes step 230, the monitoring module 440 executes step 240, and the control module 450 executes step 250.

[0226] This application provides a device including a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The charging pile includes multiple operating modes, and the charging pile operates in any of these modes. When the processor executes the program, it performs the following steps:

[0227] Obtain the current operating mode of the charging pile;

[0228] Based on the current operating mode of the charging pile, the operating loop is determined;

[0229] The operating parameters of the operating loop are acquired in real time;

[0230] Based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the protection judgment result is obtained;

[0231] Based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile, the charging pile is controlled.

[0232] In one embodiment, the multiple operating modes include a charging mode, a grid-connected mode, and a grid-connected mode. The charging pile operates in the charging mode to charge the battery system with electrical energy from the grid. The charging pile operates in the grid-connected mode to send electrical energy from the battery system into the grid. The charging pile operates in the grid-connected mode to send electrical energy from the battery system into the microgrid.

[0233] In one embodiment, determining the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile includes:

[0234] The charging pile is currently operating in the charging mode, and the operating circuit is determined to be the charging circuit.

[0235] When the current operating mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the grid-connected circuit;

[0236] When the current working mode of the charging pile is the network construction mode, the operating loop is determined to be the network construction loop.

[0237] In one embodiment, the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes a multi-dimensional protection strategy.

[0238] The protection strategy based on the protection judgment result and the current working mode of the charging pile, which controls the charging pile, includes:

[0239] Based on the protection judgment result, the corresponding protection strategy is matched among the protection strategies of the multiple dimensions;

[0240] The charging pile is controlled based on the corresponding protection strategy.

[0241] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0242] Obtain the target working mode switching command;

[0243] Based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions;

[0244] If the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, a mode switching process is determined based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process.

[0245] In one embodiment, determining a mode switching process based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and switching the current operating mode of the charging pile to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process, includes:

[0246] Obtain permission to switch modes;

[0247] Based on the target working mode switching instruction, determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission;

[0248] If the target operating mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, a mode switching process is determined based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the current operating mode of the charging pile is switched to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process.

[0249] In one embodiment, obtaining mode switching permission includes:

[0250] Based on the operating parameters of the operating loop, the current risk level is obtained by matching the preset safety risk level classification;

[0251] Based on the current risk level and the current operating mode of the charging pile, the mode switching permission is determined.

[0252] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0253] Based on the current risk level, determine the response strategy;

[0254] The charging pile is controlled based on the aforementioned response strategy.

[0255] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0256] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0257] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0258] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0259] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0260] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0261] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0262] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0263] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A safety protection method for a grid-type V2G charging pile, characterized in that, The charging pile includes multiple operating modes, including charging mode, grid-connected mode, and grid-building mode, and the charging pile operates in any of these operating modes; the method includes: Obtain the current operating mode of the charging pile; Based on the current operating mode of the charging pile, the operating loop is determined; The operating parameters of the circuit are acquired in real time. When the charging pile is currently in charging mode, the operating parameters include: battery voltage fluctuation, battery temperature change rate, battery temperature, and battery SOC; grid voltage sag rate, three-phase imbalance, and harmonic distortion; charging gun locking status and contact resistance, charging pile ambient temperature, and positive / negative electrode insulation resistance to ground. When the charging pile is currently in grid-connected mode, the operating parameters include: battery SOC and battery discharge current; grid impedance, grid voltage amplitude, grid frequency response characteristics, and grid dispatch commands; charging pile voltage and current. When the charging pile is currently in grid-connected mode, the operating parameters include: microgrid output voltage amplitude, frequency, waveform quality, microgrid overload rate, load change rate, microgrid frequency change, and microgrid-side insulation resistance to ground; battery SOC; charging gun connector temperature, contact resistance, charging pile power module temperature, and condensation status. Based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current operating mode of the charging pile, and the protection judgment result is obtained; Based on the protection judgment results and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile, the charging pile is controlled. When the current working mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the protection strategy includes: establishing a three-level load priority list, with level one being critical loads, level two being important loads, and level three being ordinary loads; when the microgrid overload exceeds 110% or the vehicle battery SOC drops sharply to 25%, the level three loads are directly disconnected via hardware circuitry; if the overload is still not alleviated, the power of level two loads is gradually limited to ensure the continuity of power supply to the level one critical loads. The method further includes: Obtain the target working mode switching command; Based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit, it is determined whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions; If it is determined that the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, a mode switching process is determined based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process. The step of determining a mode switching process based on the target operating mode and the current operating mode of the charging pile, and switching the current operating mode of the charging pile to the target operating mode according to the mode switching process, includes: Obtain permission to switch modes; Based on the target working mode switching instruction, determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission; If the target working mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, a mode switching process is determined based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, and the current working mode of the charging pile is switched to the target working mode according to the mode switching process. The acquisition of mode switching permission includes: Based on the operating parameters of the operating loop, the current risk level is obtained by matching the preset safety risk level classification; Based on the current risk level and the current operating mode of the charging pile, the mode switching permission is determined.

2. The safety protection method for grid-type V2G charging piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile includes: When the current working mode of the charging pile is the charging mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the charging circuit; When the current operating mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the operating circuit is determined to be the grid-connected circuit; When the current working mode of the charging pile is the network construction mode, the operating loop is determined to be the network construction loop.

3. The safety protection method for grid-type V2G charging piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes protection strategies in multiple dimensions. The protection strategy based on the protection judgment result and the current working mode of the charging pile, which controls the charging pile, includes: Based on the protection judgment result, the corresponding protection strategy is matched among the protection strategies of the multiple dimensions; The charging pile is controlled based on the corresponding protection strategy.

4. The safety protection method for grid-type V2G charging piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the current risk level, determine the response strategy; The charging pile is controlled based on the aforementioned response strategy.

5. A safety protection device for a grid-type V2G charging pile, characterized in that, The charging pile includes multiple operating modes, including charging mode, grid-connected mode, and grid-building mode, and the charging pile can operate in any of these operating modes; the device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the current working mode of the charging pile; The determination module is used to determine the operating loop based on the current operating mode of the charging pile; The second acquisition module is used to acquire the operating parameters of the operating circuit in real time. When the charging pile is currently in charging mode, the operating parameters include: battery voltage fluctuation value, battery temperature change rate, battery temperature, and battery SOC; grid voltage sag rate, three-phase imbalance, and harmonic distortion; charging gun locking status and contact resistance, charging pile ambient temperature, and positive / negative electrode insulation resistance to ground. When the charging pile is currently in grid-connected mode, the operating parameters include: battery SOC and battery discharge current; grid impedance, grid voltage amplitude, grid frequency response characteristics, and grid dispatch instructions; charging pile voltage and current. When the charging pile is currently in grid-connected mode, the operating parameters include: microgrid output voltage amplitude, frequency, waveform quality, microgrid overload rate, load change rate, microgrid frequency change, and microgrid-side insulation resistance to ground; battery SOC; charging gun connector temperature, contact resistance, charging pile power module temperature, and condensation status. The monitoring module is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the protection conditions of the current working mode of the charging pile based on the operating parameters of the operating circuit, and to obtain the protection judgment result; The control module is used to control the charging pile based on the protection judgment result and the protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile. When the current working mode of the charging pile is the grid-connected mode, the protection strategy includes: establishing a three-level load priority list, with level one being critical loads, level two being important loads, and level three being ordinary loads; when the microgrid overload exceeds 110% or the vehicle battery SOC drops sharply to 25%, the level three loads are directly disconnected via a hardware circuit; if the overload is still not alleviated, the power of level two loads is gradually limited to ensure the continuity of power supply to the level one critical loads. This also includes: The third acquisition module is used to acquire the target working mode switching instruction; The judgment module is used to determine whether the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions based on the target working mode switching command and the working parameters of the operating circuit. The switching module is used to determine a mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile when it is determined that the charging pile meets the target working mode switching conditions, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process. The switching module includes: The permission acquisition submodule is used to acquire mode switching permissions; The permission matching submodule is used to determine whether the target working mode is within the mode switching permission based on the target working mode switching instruction; The switching execution submodule is used to determine the mode switching process based on the target working mode and the current working mode of the charging pile, when the target working mode is determined to be within the mode switching authority, and to switch the current working mode of the charging pile to the target working mode according to the mode switching process. The permission acquisition submodule includes: The risk matching unit is used to match the current risk level based on the operating parameters of the operating loop and in a preset safety risk level classification. The permission determination unit is used to determine the mode switching permission based on the current risk level and the current working mode of the charging pile.

6. The safety protection device for a grid-type V2G charging pile according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protection strategy corresponding to the current working mode of the charging pile includes protection strategies in multiple dimensions. The control module includes: The matching submodule is used to match the corresponding protection strategy among the protection strategies in the multiple dimensions based on the protection judgment result. The protection submodule is used to control the charging pile based on the corresponding protection strategy.

7. A network-type V2G charging pile, characterized in that, The charging pile is protected by the method described in any one of claims 1-4.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; A memory connected to the at least one processor; The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the at least one processor implements the network-type V2G charging pile safety protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 by executing the instructions stored in the memory.

9. A machine-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, this instruction causes the processor to be configured to perform the network-type V2G charging pile safety protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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