A bearing dust cover based on laser surface micro-texture and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of rolling bearing sealing, in particular to a bearing dust cover based on laser surface micro-texture and a manufacturing method thereof, and the technical scheme is: comprising a bearing dust cover, the bearing dust cover has an outer circular surface capable of being press-fitted into a sealing groove of a bearing outer ring, the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover is provided with a regular micro-texture pattern, the micro-texture pattern is composed of a plurality of discrete and non-penetrating micro-pit arrays, and the micro-pit can form mechanical interlocking with the surface material of the sealing groove after press-fitting; the present application has the beneficial effects that: the strong mechanical interlocking effect provided by the micro-texture can eliminate the risk of following rotation and falling off; meanwhile, the press-fitting interference amount can be reduced by more than 30%, thereby the radial press-in force is reduced, the outer diameter expansion amount of the bearing outer ring in the sealing groove area is stably controlled to be ≤3 microns (≤2 microns under preferred conditions), the true circularity of the outer ring is maximally maintained, and the bearing overall vibration noise is reduced, thereby prolonging the service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rolling bearing sealing technology, specifically to a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Reliable sealing of bearings is the key to ensuring their long-term stable operation in harsh environments such as dust and moisture. Stamped metal dust covers are widely used due to their simple structure and high cost-effectiveness. Traditional dust covers rely on the interference fit and sliding friction between their outer circumferential surface and the bearing outer ring sealing groove to achieve fixation and sealing.

[0003] However, in practical applications, traditional dust cover designs have two fundamental, interrelated flaws:

[0004] (1) Weak and unreliable anti-rotation capability: Relying solely on the sliding friction of the interface to resist torque, under high-speed operation of the bearing, vibration and impact or the action of lubricating medium, it is prone to fretting wear, causing the dust cover to gradually rotate or even fall off completely, resulting in sealing failure, grease leakage and abnormal noise.

[0005] (2) Increased friction can easily cause damage to the bearing rings: In order to improve the anti-rotation capability, traditional dust covers are usually forced to increase the press-fit interference. This results in the bearing outer ring sealing groove area bearing excessive radial expansion force during the press-fit process, producing significant elastic or plastic deformation (the deformation amount is usually >5μm). This deformation will be directly transmitted to the raceway, deteriorating the bearing clearance, rotational accuracy and vibration noise performance, falling into the dilemma of "improving the seal but damaging the core performance".

[0006] In recent years, some studies have attempted to introduce macroscopic toothed, knurled, or spot-welded structures on the mating surfaces of dust covers to achieve mechanical anti-rotation. However, such methods may cause stress concentration due to structural abrupt changes, or be difficult to apply to thin-walled stamped parts (thickness is usually only 0.3–0.8 mm) due to the complexity of the process. In addition, they may disrupt the continuity of the sealing interface and affect the static sealing effect. Meanwhile, laser micromachining technology, due to its advantages such as non-contact, high precision, and programmability, is gradually being explored for the preparation of microtextures on metal surfaces.

[0007] However, when applying laser microtexturing to bearing dust covers, the following key technical bottlenecks still exist:

[0008] (1) Difficulty in controlling thermal effects: Even with picosecond / femtosecond lasers, the cumulative thermal effect at high repetition frequency may still cause recasting layers, microcracks or local oxidation at the edge of micropits, weakening the matrix strength and affecting the geometric fidelity of the interlocking structure.

[0009] (2) High risk of post-processing contamination: Ultrasonic cleaning or acid washing is usually required after laser processing to remove slag. However, micron-sized pits are prone to residual cleaning media or secondary contaminants, which can become sources of corrosion or assembly resistance points.

[0010] (3) Single function: Existing microtexture designs mostly focus on a single mechanical property (such as anti-rotation), lacking synergistic optimization of multiple objectives such as corrosion resistance and assembly lubrication;

[0011] (4) Process discreteness: Cooling, processing, cleaning, passivation and other processes are carried out in steps. Multiple transfers of the workpiece can easily introduce contamination, scratches or positioning errors, making it difficult to ensure the consistency of micro-texture and yield.

[0012] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture and its manufacturing method. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture, comprising a bearing dust cover, wherein the bearing dust cover is an annular metal part having an outer circular surface capable of being press-fitted into the sealing groove of the outer ring of the bearing, and a regular microtexture pattern formed by laser processing is provided on the functional area of ​​the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover, wherein the microtexture pattern is composed of an array of multiple discrete, non-penetrating micro-pits, and the micro-pits can form a mechanical interlock with the surface material of the sealing groove after press-fitting.

[0014] Preferably, the micro-pits are circular in shape, have a surface density of 15% to 30%, a depth of 0.02 mm to 0.08 mm, and a diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.10 mm.

[0015] The above-mentioned method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture includes S1-S5:

[0016] S1. Place the stamped bearing dust cover blank on the processing turntable inside the closed processing cavity of the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine, and control the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine to vacuum adsorb and fix the bearing dust cover blank.

[0017] S2. Next, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is started to perform laser ablation processing on the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover blank in a preset area to form a micro-pit array with a depth of 0.02mm to 0.08mm and a diameter of 0.05mm to 0.10mm, and the blank is processed into a bearing dust cover.

[0018] S3. While performing laser ablation, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is controlled to release low-temperature inert gas into a preset area on the surface of the bearing dust cover blank, so that the low-temperature inert gas flow accurately covers the laser action area.

[0019] S4. After the laser ablation process is completed, the integrated micro-textured laser forming machine quickly switches the ejected low-temperature inert gas to a reactive gas O2 / Ar mixture to provide the active particles required for plasma reaction on the surface of the bearing dust cover.

[0020] S5. Finally, start the multi-functional integrated micro-texture laser forming machine to perform plasma discharge on the surface of the bearing dust cover for 5–60 seconds to clean and passivate the micro-texture surface of the bearing dust cover in situ.

[0021] Preferably, the multifunctional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine includes a lower frame, a middle frame mounted on top of the lower frame, an upper frame mounted on top of the middle frame, a processing platform mounted between the lower and middle frames, a top plate between the middle and upper frames, a central control module mounted on top of the top plate, a control screen mounted on the front of the upper frame, a sealed processing cavity mounted on the outer side of the middle frame, and an opening and closing door mounted on the front of the sealed processing cavity.

[0022] Preferably, a DBD vacuum adsorption turntable is rotatably mounted on the top of the processing platform, a turntable motor is mounted on the bottom of the processing platform, the upper output end of the turntable motor is connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable, the top of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable is provided with a groove for accommodating a bearing dust cover, the bottom of the groove is provided with an air hole, a vacuum chamber is provided inside the processing platform, one end of the vacuum chamber is connected to the air hole, and a vacuum chamber is installed at the other end, a vertical servo electric slide is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, a vacuum rod is installed inside the vertical servo electric slide, and the upper end of the vacuum rod is inserted into the vacuum chamber.

[0023] Preferably, a transverse servo electric slide is installed at the bottom of the top plate, a transverse slide table is slidably installed on the transverse servo electric slide, a longitudinal servo electric slide is installed on the surface of the transverse slide table, a longitudinal slide table is slidably installed on the longitudinal servo electric slide, a multi-functional bracket is installed at the bottom of the longitudinal slide table, a laser emitter is installed on one side of the multi-functional bracket, a laser generator is installed at the top of the top plate, and an optical path guide is connected between the laser generator and the laser emitter.

[0024] Preferably, a gas nozzle is also installed on the multifunctional bracket, a dual-way solenoid valve is installed above the top plate, a gas delivery conduit is installed between the output end of the dual-way solenoid valve and the input end of the gas nozzle, an inert gas storage tank is installed at the bottom of the lower frame, a second gas pump is installed at the output end of the inert gas storage tank, the output end of the second gas pump is connected to a second conduit, and the output end of the second conduit is connected to one of the input ends of the dual-way solenoid valve.

[0025] Preferably, a condenser tube is sleeved on the outer wall of the middle section of the second conduit, a cooling sleeve is installed on the outside of the condenser tube, a condenser and a compressor are installed on the top surface of the top plate, a cooling fan is installed on the heat dissipation surface of the condenser, the output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the condenser, the input end of the condenser tube is connected to the output end of the condenser, and the output end of the condenser tube is connected to the input end of the compressor.

[0026] Preferably, a reaction gas storage tank is installed at the bottom of the lower frame, and a first gas pump is installed at the output end of the reaction gas storage tank. The output end of the first gas pump is connected to a first conduit, and the output end of the first conduit is connected to the other input end of a dual-path solenoid valve.

[0027] Preferably, a DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide is installed on the inner wall of the middle frame, a DBD upper electrode plate slide is slidably installed on the DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide, a DBD upper electrode plate outer frame is installed on the DBD upper electrode plate slide, a DBD upper electrode plate is rotatably installed inside the DBD upper electrode plate outer frame, a steering motor is installed at the rotating shaft end of the DBD upper electrode plate, a high-voltage pulse power supply is installed at the bottom of the processing platform, an upper electrode line and a lower electrode line are provided on the high-voltage pulse power supply, the upper electrode line is connected to the DBD upper electrode plate, and the lower electrode line is connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. Significantly improves anti-rotation performance and reduces bearing outer ring deformation: Thanks to the strong mechanical interlocking effect provided by the micro-texture, the dust cover no longer relies on the frictional force generated by the large interference fit to prevent rotation. It can still maintain absolute fixation under long-term vibration and impact conditions, eliminating the risk of rotation and detachment. At the same time, the press-fit interference fit can be optimized and reduced by more than 30%, resulting in a reduction in radial press-fit force. This allows the outer diameter expansion of the bearing outer ring in the sealing groove area to be stably controlled at ≤3μm (≤2μm under preferred conditions), maximizing the roundness of the outer ring. This helps to reduce the overall vibration and noise of the bearing and extend its service life.

[0030] 2. High-fidelity micro-textured forming ensures consistent anti-rotation performance: Low-temperature inert gas is introduced for local cooling during the laser processing stage, effectively suppressing the expansion of the heat-affected zone, the formation of the recast layer, and the initiation of microcracks. This results in clear micro-pit contours, complete edges, and a stable depth-to-diameter ratio controlled within the range of 1:1±0.1. Combined with high-precision galvanometer scanning and closed-loop parameter control, the density, distribution uniformity, and geometric accuracy of the micro-textured surface are significantly better than those of conventional laser processing, providing a reliable and consistent mechanical interlocking basis for subsequent press fitting.

[0031] 3. Eliminate the risk of post-processing contamination and ensure the cleanliness and functionality of the microstructure: This invention abandons traditional wet post-processing methods such as ultrasonic cleaning and acid washing, and adopts in-situ plasma dry cleaning technology. Without removing the workpiece, it uses active oxygen free radicals to efficiently remove residual nanoparticles, carbides and trace amounts of slag in the micro-pits. Since there is no liquid involved in the whole process, the cleaning medium is avoided from being retained in the micron-level pits due to capillary action, which fundamentally eliminates the risk of secondary contamination, water stains or chloride ion corrosion, and ensures that the microstructure can perform the expected mechanical interlocking and grease storage functions during assembly.

[0032] 4. Simultaneous surface cleaning and functional passivation to improve environmental resistance: Through plasma treatment, a dense, continuous oxide passivation film (such as Cr2O3, Fe3O4) with a thickness of 10–50 nm is generated in situ on the surface of the dust cover, which significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the dust cover under harsh conditions such as humidity and salt spray; this passivation film is an ultra-thin vapor deposition layer that does not block the opening of micro-pits and does not affect its geometry and sealing performance, thus achieving integrated "cleaning-protection";

[0033] 5. Highly integrated processes enhance production efficiency and green manufacturing: Laser micro-texturing, low-temperature control, gas switching, plasma passivation, and other processes are all completed continuously within the same sealed cavity, eliminating the need for workpiece transfer or manual intervention, significantly reducing cycle time (single piece processing ≤ 60 seconds); at the same time, the entire process is free of chemical solvents and waste liquid discharge, generating only trace amounts of filterable exhaust gas, complying with RoHS, REACH and other environmental regulations, achieving efficient, clean and intelligent manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a main sectional view of the bearing assembly provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 Provided by the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of area A (microtexture region);

[0036] Figure 3 Provided by the present invention Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the K-direction unfolding of the end face of the dust cover.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a front view of the multifunctional integrated microtexture laser forming machine provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sealed processing cavity provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7Rear view provided for this invention;

[0041] Figure 8 Detailed diagram of the internal equipment of the upper rack provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 Detailed diagram of the internal equipment of the middle rack provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge state of the upper electrode plate of the DBD provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of the processing platform and the upper electrode plate of the DBD provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 Detailed front view of the internal equipment of the lower rack provided for this invention;

[0047] Figure 14 Detailed rear view of the internal equipment of the lower rack provided for this invention;

[0048] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the servo electric slide provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing dust cover installation provided by the present invention.

[0050] In the diagram: 111. Lower rack; 112. Middle rack; 113. Upper rack; 114. Sealed machining chamber; 115. Opening door; 116. Control panel; 117. Central control module; 121. Machining platform; 122. DBD vacuum adsorption turntable; 123. Air vent; 124. Vacuum chamber; 125. Turntable motor; 131. Horizontal servo electric slide; 132. Horizontal slide; 133. Vertical servo electric slide; 134. Vertical slide; 135. Multifunctional support; 141. Laser generator; 142. Optical path guide; 143. Laser emitter; 151. Dual-path solenoid valve; 152. Gas delivery duct; 153. Gas nozzle; 154. 155. Reaction gas storage tank; 156. First gas pump; 157. First conduit; 158. Inert gas storage tank; 159. Second gas pump; 161. Second conduit; 162. Cooling jacket; 163. Condenser; 164. Condenser; 165. Compressor; 171. Cooling fan; 172. DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide; 173. DBD upper electrode plate slide; 174. DBD upper electrode plate outer frame; 175. Steering motor; 176. DBD upper electrode plate; 177. Upper electrode wire; 178. High voltage pulse power supply; 181. Lower electrode wire; 182. Vertical servo electric slide; 183. Vacuum chamber; 19. Vacuum rod; 10. Bearing dust cover. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture includes a bearing dust cover, which is an annular metal part with an outer circular surface that can be press-fitted into the sealing groove of the outer ring of the bearing. On the functional area of ​​the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover, there is a regular microtexture pattern formed by laser processing. The microtexture pattern is composed of multiple discrete, non-penetrating micro-pit arrays. The micro-pits can form a mechanical interlock with the surface material of the sealing groove after press-fitting.

[0053] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that,

[0054] Technical advantages and working principle of bearing dust covers:

[0055] (1) Mechanical interlocking effect: During the press fitting process, under the action of pressure, the uneven surface material of the bearing outer ring sealing groove will undergo a small amount of plastic flow, which will squeeze into and fill the micro-pits on the surface of the dust cover, forming a strong mechanical interlocking structure; its anti-rotation torque comes from the energy required to cause shear failure at the interlocking point, which is much greater than the sliding friction between smooth surfaces.

[0056] (2) Deformation control mechanism: Since the anti-rotation capability no longer depends on the high friction force generated by the large interference, the design press-fit interference can be optimized and reduced; the smaller interference directly translates into a lower radial press-fit force, thereby controlling the elastic / plastic deformation of the bearing outer ring in the press-fit area to an extremely low level (e.g. ≤3μm).

[0057] (3) Auxiliary lubrication and sealing: The micro-dimples can act as micro-oil reservoirs, storing a small amount of grease before assembly, which plays a lubricating role in the initial pressing stage, further reducing assembly resistance; at the same time, the dimples are closed structures and do not form a leakage channel from the outside to the inside, so they do not affect the final static sealing performance of the dust cover.

[0058] Thanks to the strong mechanical interlocking effect provided by the micro-texture, the dust cover's anti-rotation no longer relies on the frictional force generated by the large interference fit. The dust cover's anti-torsional torque can reach more than twice that of traditional non-textured designs, maintaining absolute fixation even under long-term vibration and impact conditions, eliminating the risk of rotation and detachment. At the same time, the press-fit interference fit can be optimized and reduced by more than 30%, resulting in a reduction in radial press-in force. This allows the outer diameter expansion of the bearing outer ring in the sealing groove area to be stably controlled at ≤3μm (≤2μm under preferred conditions), maximizing the roundness of the outer ring, which helps reduce the overall vibration and noise of the bearing and extends its service life.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture also includes a micro-pit with a circular morphology, a surface density of 15% to 30%, a depth of 0.02 mm to 0.08 mm, and a diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.10 mm.

[0060] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that,

[0061] Key design parameters:

[0062] (1) Shape: Circular pits are preferred (elliptical or short groove shapes are also acceptable). Circular shapes have isotropic mechanical properties, which can uniformly resist torsional tendencies from any direction and provide stable anti-rotation capabilities.

[0063] (2) Surface density: refers to the percentage of the area of ​​the textured area to the total area of ​​the end face mating surface or outer circular surface. The preferred range is 15% to 30%; this range ensures that a sufficient number of mechanical interlocking points are formed while retaining a sufficient continuous base area to withstand and evenly distribute the press-fit stress, avoiding deformation or weakening of the cover due to local stress concentration;

[0064] (3) Characteristic dimensions: The diameter (D) and depth (H) of a single pit are preferably in a ratio of approximately 1:1; the depth H is preferably 0.02mm~0.08mm, and the diameter D is preferably 0.05mm~0.10mm; this size is sufficient to produce effective mechanical engagement, form a reliable interlock, and will not excessively weaken the thickness of the dust cover substrate or become a potential fatigue crack initiation point;

[0065] (4) Distribution: The pits are distributed in a uniform matrix or spiral array to ensure the uniformity of anti-rotation capability on the entire mating surface.

[0066] A method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture includes steps S1-S5:

[0067] S1. Place the stamped bearing dust cover blank on the processing turntable inside the closed processing cavity of the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine, and control the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine to vacuum adsorb and fix the bearing dust cover blank.

[0068] S2. Next, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is started to perform laser ablation processing on the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover blank according to the preset area, forming a micro-pit array with a depth of 0.02mm to 0.08mm and a diameter of 0.05mm to 0.10mm, and the blank is processed into a bearing dust cover.

[0069] S3. While performing laser ablation, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is controlled to release low-temperature inert gas into a preset area on the surface of the bearing dust cover blank, so that the low-temperature inert gas flow accurately covers the laser action area.

[0070] S4. After the laser ablation process is completed, the integrated micro-textured laser forming machine quickly switches the ejected low-temperature inert gas to a reactive gas O2 / Ar mixture to provide the active particles required for plasma reaction on the surface of the bearing dust cover.

[0071] S5. Finally, start the multi-functional integrated micro-texture laser forming machine to perform plasma discharge on the surface of the bearing dust cover for 5–60 seconds to clean and passivate the micro-texture surface of the bearing dust cover in situ.

[0072] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the multifunctional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine in this solution achieves three major breakthroughs through the integrated manufacturing process of "low-temperature assisted laser micro-texturing + in-situ plasma passivation":

[0073] (1) Local cooling with low-temperature inert gas is introduced during the laser processing stage, which effectively suppresses the expansion of the heat-affected zone, the formation of the recast layer and the initiation of microcracks, making the micro-pit outline clear and the edges complete, and the depth-to-diameter ratio stably controlled within the range of 1:1±0.1; combined with high-precision galvanometer scanning and closed-loop parameter control, the micro-texture surface density, distribution uniformity and geometric accuracy are significantly better than conventional laser processing, providing a reliable and consistent mechanical interlocking basis for subsequent press fitting;

[0074] (2) In-situ plasma dry cleaning technology is adopted to efficiently remove residual nanoparticles, carbides and trace amounts of slag in micro pits without removing the workpiece. Since no liquid is involved in the whole process, the cleaning medium is avoided from being retained in the micron-level pits due to capillary action, which fundamentally eliminates the risk of secondary pollution, water stains or chloride ion corrosion, and ensures that the microstructure can play the expected mechanical interlocking and grease storage function during assembly.

[0075] (3) Through plasma treatment, a dense, continuous oxide passivation film (such as Cr2O3, Fe3O4) with a thickness of 10–50 nm is generated in situ on the surface of the dust cover, which significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the dust cover under harsh working conditions such as humidity and salt spray; the passivation film is an ultra-thin vapor deposition layer, which does not block the micro-pit openings and does not affect its geometry and sealing performance, thus achieving the integration of "cleaning-protection";

[0076] Supported by a multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine, this manufacturing process is highly integrated, effectively improving the production efficiency and green manufacturing level of micro-textured bearing dust covers. It integrates laser micro-texturing, low-temperature control, gas switching, plasma passivation and other processes into the same sealed cavity for continuous completion, without the need for workpiece transfer or manual intervention, significantly shortening cycle time (single piece processing ≤60 seconds). At the same time, the entire process is free of chemical solvents and waste liquid discharge, producing only a small amount of filterable exhaust gas, which complies with environmental regulations such as RoHS and REACH, achieving efficient, clean and intelligent manufacturing.

[0077] like Figure 4 - Figure 8 As shown, a method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture also includes a multi-functional integrated microtexture laser forming machine comprising a lower frame 111, a middle frame 112 mounted on top of the lower frame 111, an upper frame 113 mounted on top of the middle frame 112, a processing platform 121 mounted between the lower frame 111 and the middle frame 112, a top plate disposed between the middle frame 112 and the upper frame 113, a central control module 117 mounted on top of the top plate, a control screen 116 mounted on the front of the upper frame 113, a sealed processing cavity 114 mounted on the outside of the middle frame 112, and an opening and closing door 115 disposed on the front of the sealed processing cavity 114.

[0078] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the lower rack 111, the middle rack 112, and the upper rack 113 are all made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and the sealed processing chamber 114 is made of transparent material (such as quartz glass). The interior of the chamber is a clean environment (nitrogen positive pressure protection can be optionally provided), and it has gas inlet and outlet and vacuum / normal pressure switching interface. The inner wall of the chamber is polished or sprayed with a plasma-resistant coating to prevent sputtering contamination. The opening and closing door 115 is sealed with the sealed processing chamber 114.

[0079] The central control module 117 is equipped with an industrial control computer (IPC) with a real-time operating system (such as Windows IoT / LinuxRT) and runs dedicated process control software; it is also equipped with a multi-axis motion control card, digital I / O module, and analog signal acquisition card.

[0080] The surface of the central control module 117 is provided with various execution unit interfaces, which are used for:

[0081] (1) Control the laser generator (power, frequency, pulse width);

[0082] (2) Adjust the horizontal / vertical servo electric slide (gas nozzle, laser emitter position);

[0083] (3) Adjust the DBD upper plate servo electric slide 171 (DBD upper plate position);

[0084] (4) Switching dual-way solenoid valve (gas switching);

[0085] (5) Start and stop the high-voltage pulse power supply;

[0086] The control panel 116 is electrically connected to the central control module 117 and is used to display data and send control commands to the central control module 117.

[0087] The middle rack 112 is equipped with:

[0088] (1) High-resolution visual positioning module, using a coaxial CCD camera (resolution ≥ 5 million pixels) with a ring LED light source; used to identify the outer circle / inner hole edge of the dust cover, automatically calculate the center coordinates and angle offset, and compensate for clamping errors (positioning accuracy ± 1 μm).

[0089] (2) Infrared thermometer: non-contact monitoring of instantaneous temperature at the laser point of action (range 0–300°C, response time <10ms);

[0090] (3) Pressure / flow sensor: Real-time monitoring of the flow rate and pressure of cryogenic gas and reaction gas;

[0091] (4) Cavity environment sensor: detects O2 concentration, humidity and particulate matter level to ensure stable process environment;

[0092] (5) Current / voltage probe: monitor the DBD discharge current waveform and determine the discharge uniformity.

[0093] like Figure 5 , Figure 9 - Figure 16 As shown, a method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture further includes: a DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 rotatably mounted on the top of a processing platform 121; a turntable motor 125 mounted on the bottom of the processing platform 121; the upper output end of the turntable motor 125 connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122; a groove for placing the bearing dust cover 19 is provided on the top of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122; an air hole 123 is provided at the bottom of the groove; a vacuum chamber 124 is provided inside the processing platform 121; one end of the vacuum chamber 124 is connected to the air hole 123; and a vacuum chamber 182 is installed at the other end; a vertical servo electric slide 181 is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 182; a vacuum rod 183 is installed inside the vertical servo electric slide 181; and the upper end of the vacuum rod 183 is inserted into the vacuum chamber 182.

[0094] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the vertical servo electric slide 181 is a high-precision electromechanical integrated execution unit, which belongs to the prior art. The front end of the vacuum rod 183 is sealed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber 182.

[0095] After the bearing dust cover blank is placed in the slot at the top of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122, the vertical servo electric slide 181 is controlled by the central control module 117 to drive the vacuum rod 183 to pull down, drawing the air in the vacuum chamber 124 into the vacuum chamber 182, and forming a vacuum in the vacuum chamber 124. The air in the air hole 123 flows into the vacuum chamber 124 and generates suction on the bottom of the bearing dust cover blank, so as to achieve the effect of vacuum adsorption and fixing the bearing dust cover blank.

[0096] The turntable motor 125 is a servo motor. The turntable motor 125 is started by the central control module 117 to drive the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 to rotate, so as to achieve the effect of uniform laser micro-texturing of the ring workpiece (bearing dust cover 19) in the whole circumference.

[0097] like Figure 5 - Figure 12 and Figure 15As shown, a method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture further includes: a transverse servo electric slide 131 installed at the bottom of the top plate; a transverse slide 132 slidably installed on the transverse servo electric slide 131; a longitudinal servo electric slide 133 installed on the surface of the transverse slide 132; a longitudinal slide 134 slidably installed on the longitudinal servo electric slide 133; a multi-functional bracket 135 installed at the bottom of the longitudinal slide 134; a laser emitter 143 installed on one side of the multi-functional bracket 135; a laser generator 141 installed at the top of the top plate; and an optical path guide 142 connecting the laser generator 141 and the laser emitter 143.

[0098] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that the horizontal servo electric slide 131 and the vertical servo electric slide 133 are both high-precision mechatronic execution units, which belong to the prior art. The working principle of various servo electric slides in this case is the same, specifically: the servo motor on the servo electric slide is controlled by the central control module 117 to drive the lead screw to rotate, thereby driving the slide / slide rod to move smoothly along the linear guide.

[0099] The central control module 117 controls the horizontal slide table 132 on the horizontal servo electric slide 131 to drive the multi-functional bracket 135 to move horizontally, and at the same time controls the vertical slide table 134 on the vertical servo electric slide 133 to drive the multi-functional bracket 135 to move vertically, so as to achieve the effect of driving the laser emitter 143 to move horizontally / vertically with high precision.

[0100] The laser generator 141 uses a pulsed fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064nm and a pulse width of 100ns; or a laser engraving machine with a power of 95% and a frequency of 20KHZ. By starting the laser generator 141, laser light is generated and delivered to the laser emitter 143 through the optical path guide tube 142 and emitted to achieve the effect of microtexturing on the surface of the bearing dust cover 19.

[0101] like Figure 5 - Figure 15As shown, a method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture also includes: a gas nozzle 153 mounted on a multi-functional bracket 135; a dual-way solenoid valve 151 mounted above the top plate; a gas delivery conduit 152 installed between the output end of the dual-way solenoid valve 151 and the input end of the gas nozzle 153; an inert gas storage tank 157 mounted at the bottom of the lower frame 111; a second gas pump 158 mounted at the output end of the inert gas storage tank 157; and the output end of the second gas pump 158 connected to a second conduit. 159. The output end of the second conduit 159 is connected to one of the input ends of the dual-way solenoid valve 151. A condenser tube 162 is sleeved on the outer wall of the middle section of the second conduit 159. A cooling sleeve 161 is installed on the outside of the condenser tube 162. A condenser 163 and a compressor 164 are installed on the top surface of the top plate. A cooling fan 165 is installed on the heat dissipation surface of the condenser 163. The output end of the compressor 164 is connected to the input end of the condenser 163. The input end of the condenser tube 162 is connected to the output end of the condenser 163. The output end of the condenser tube 162 is connected to the compressor. The lower frame 111 has a reaction gas storage tank 154 installed at its bottom. A first gas pump 155 is installed at the output of the reaction gas storage tank 154. The output of the first gas pump 155 is connected to a first conduit 156. The output of the first conduit 156 is connected to the other input of a dual-path solenoid valve 151. A DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide 171 is installed on the inner wall of the middle frame 112. A DBD upper electrode plate slide table 172 is slidably mounted on the DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide table 171. A DBD upper electrode plate outer frame 173 is installed on the electrode plate slide 172. A DBD upper electrode plate 175 is rotatably installed inside the DBD upper electrode plate outer frame 173. A steering motor 174 is installed at the shaft end of the DBD upper electrode plate 175. A high-voltage pulse power supply 177 is installed at the bottom of the processing platform 121. An upper electrode line 176 and a lower electrode line 178 are provided on the high-voltage pulse power supply 177. The upper electrode line 176 is connected to the DBD upper electrode plate 175, and the lower electrode line 178 is connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122.

[0102] In the above embodiments, it should be noted that this solution adopts a dual-channel independent gas supply architecture, which is not a simple gas path switching, but rather a functional integration and dynamic response design to meet the precise control requirements of gas type, temperature, flow field morphology, and application location at different process stages (laser ablation, plasma treatment). Specifically:

[0103] (1) Low-temperature inert gas passage (used in the laser processing stage):

[0104] The gas source is high-purity nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar), which is stored in an inert gas storage tank 157. The gas in the inert gas storage tank 157 is introduced into the gas nozzle 153 through the second conduit 159 and the gas delivery conduit 152 by the second gas pump 158 and then sprayed out to the laser action area (approximately 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter). The gas in the second conduit 159 is cooled to -100°C to -30°C by the condenser 162.

[0105] The low-temperature inert gas ejected from the gas nozzle 153 creates a local low-temperature environment near the laser focus, which quickly removes the heat generated by ablation and inhibits the resolidification, oxidation, and thermal stress cracking of molten metal.

[0106] The refrigeration principle of the condenser 162 is as follows: by starting the compressor 164, the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The condenser 163 receives the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the compressor. In the condenser, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the outside air (usually by forced convection by the cooling fan 165), releases heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid. The condensate flows into the cooling jacket 161 through the condenser 162, which plays the role of cooling the gas in the second conduit 159.

[0107] (2) Reactive gas pathway (used in the plasma processing stage):

[0108] The gas source uses a premixed gas (such as O2:Ar=1:4 or N2:O2=9:1), which is stored in the reaction gas storage tank 154 at room temperature and pressure. The gas in the reaction gas storage tank 154 is introduced into the gas nozzle 153 through the first conduit 156 and the gas delivery conduit 152 by the first gas pump 155 and sprayed onto the surface of the bearing dust cover 19, providing the active particles required for plasma reaction for surface cleaning and oxide film formation.

[0109] The dual-path solenoid valve 151 uses a high-speed solenoid valve assembly (response time <50ms) to complete gas switching at the moment the laser ends, avoiding cross-contamination;

[0110] This scheme employs dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma generation. The DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 is made of a highly conductive metal (such as copper alloy or stainless steel). The DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 is connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply 177 via a low-impedance wire (lower electrode line 178) as the reference potential (lower electrode) for the DBD. The bottom surface of the DBD upper electrode 175 is covered with a 1–3 mm thick quartz or Al2O3 ceramic dielectric layer. The DBD upper electrode 175 is connected to the high-voltage pulse power supply 177 via a low-impedance wire (upper electrode line 176) as the reference potential (upper electrode) for the DBD.

[0111] The steering motor 174 is a servo motor. The central control module 117 controls the steering motor 174 to drive the DBD upper electrode plate 175 to rotate and lay flat. Then, the servo electric slide 171 of the DBD upper electrode plate drives the DBD upper electrode plate slide 172 to drive the DBD upper electrode plate outer frame 173 to slide, so as to drive the DBD upper electrode plate 175 close to the surface of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122. The distance between the bottom surface of the DBD upper electrode plate 175 and the top surface of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 (discharge gap) is the effective discharge space of the DBD. The recommended initial value is 3mm (applicable to atmospheric pressure O2 / Ar mixed gas, breakdown voltage is about 5-10kV).

[0112] By activating the high-voltage pulse power supply 177, plasma discharge (lasting 5–60 seconds) is initiated between the upper electrode plate 175 of the DBD and the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 to achieve the following effect:

[0113] (1) Cleaning effect: High-energy reactive oxygen free radicals (O•) react with the residual carbides and metal nanoparticles in the micro pit to generate volatile products (such as CO2 and metal oxide vapor), which are carried away by the gas extraction system.

[0114] (2) Passivation film formation: At the same time, the base metal (such as Cr and Fe in stainless steel) reacts with oxygen to form a dense, continuous oxide passivation film (such as Cr2O3 and Fe3O4) with a thickness of 10–50 nm in situ on the surface.

[0115] (3) It does not clog micro-pits: Because plasma is a gas phase reaction and has mild energy, it only forms an ultra-thin film layer on the surface, which will not fill or shrink the opening of the micro-pits, thus preserving its oil storage and interlocking functions.

[0116] The usage process of this invention is as follows: Those skilled in the art place the stamped bearing dust cover blank on the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122, close the opening and closing door 115, operate the control panel 116, and control the vertical servo electric slide 181 to drive the vacuum rod 183 downwards, drawing air from the vacuum chamber 124 into the vacuum chamber 182, thus creating a vacuum within the vacuum chamber 124. Air from the air holes 123 flows into the vacuum chamber 124 and generates suction on the bottom of the bearing dust cover blank, thus vacuum adsorbing and fixing the bearing dust cover blank. Next, the laser generator 141 is activated to generate laser light, which is then transported to the laser emitter 143 via the optical path guide 142 and emitted. Simultaneously, the turntable motor 125 is controlled to rotate the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122, thus achieving uniform laser microtexturing processing in the entire circumference. During laser microtexturing processing, the second air pump 158 is activated to pump gas from the inert gas storage tank 157 through the second guide... The gas is introduced into the gas nozzle 153 through the pipe 159 and the gas delivery pipe 152 and sprayed into the laser action area. The dual-path solenoid valve 151 completes the gas switching at the moment the laser ends. Then, the first gas pump 155 is started to introduce the gas in the reaction gas storage tank 154 into the gas nozzle 153 through the first pipe 156 and the gas delivery pipe 152 and spray it onto the surface of the bearing dust cover 19. At the same time, the steering motor 174 is controlled to drive the DBD upper electrode plate 175 to rotate and lay flat. Then, the DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide 171 is controlled to drive the DBD upper electrode plate slide 172 to drive the DBD upper electrode plate outer frame 173 to slide. After the DBD upper electrode plate 175 is driven close to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122, the high-voltage pulse power supply 177 is started to cause plasma discharge between the DBD upper electrode plate 175 and the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable 122 (lasting 5-60 seconds). This completes the surface microtexture and in-situ cleaning and passivation of the bearing dust cover 19.

[0117] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify the present invention or modify it into an equivalent technical solution using the technical solutions described above. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture, characterized in that, Including S1-S5: S1. Place the stamped bearing dust cover blank on the processing turntable inside the closed processing cavity of the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine, and control the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine to vacuum adsorb and fix the bearing dust cover blank. S2. Next, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is started to perform laser ablation processing on the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover blank in a preset area to form a micro-pit array with a depth of 0.02mm to 0.08mm and a diameter of 0.05mm to 0.10mm, and the blank is processed into a bearing dust cover. S3. While performing laser ablation, the multi-functional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine is controlled to release inert gas at -50°C to 0°C onto a preset area on the surface of the bearing dust cover blank, so that the inert gas flow precisely covers the laser action area. S4. After the laser ablation process is completed, the integrated control function micro-textured laser forming machine quickly switches the ejected low-temperature inert gas to a reactive gas to provide the active particles required for plasma reaction on the surface of the bearing dust cover. S5. Finally, start the multi-functional integrated micro-texture laser forming machine to perform plasma discharge on the surface of the bearing dust cover for 5 to 60 seconds to clean and passivate the micro-texture surface of the bearing dust cover in situ. The multifunctional integrated micro-textured laser forming machine includes a lower frame, a middle frame mounted on top of the lower frame, an upper frame mounted on top of the middle frame, a processing platform between the lower and middle frames, a top plate between the middle and upper frames, a central control module mounted on top of the top plate, a control screen mounted on the front of the upper frame, a sealed processing cavity mounted on the outer side of the middle frame, and an opening and closing door on the front of the sealed processing cavity; a transverse servo electric slide is mounted at the bottom of the top plate, a transverse slide table is slidably mounted on the transverse servo electric slide, and a longitudinal servo electric slide is mounted on the surface of the transverse slide table; the longitudinal servo electric slide... A longitudinal slide table is slidably mounted on the movable slide base. A multi-functional bracket is mounted at the bottom of the longitudinal slide table. A laser emitter is mounted on one side of the multi-functional bracket. A laser generator is mounted on the top of the top plate. An optical path conduit connects the laser generator and the laser emitter. A gas nozzle is also mounted on the multi-functional bracket. A dual-way solenoid valve is mounted above the top plate. A gas delivery conduit is installed between the output end of the dual-way solenoid valve and the input end of the gas nozzle. An inert gas storage tank is mounted at the bottom of the lower frame. A second gas pump is mounted at the output end of the inert gas storage tank. The output end of the second gas pump is connected to a second conduit. The output end of the second conduit is connected to one of the input ends of the dual-way solenoid valve.

2. The method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing platform is rotatably mounted on top of a DBD vacuum adsorption turntable, and a turntable motor is installed at the bottom of the processing platform. The upper output end of the turntable motor is connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable. The top of the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable is provided with a groove for accommodating a bearing dust cover, and the bottom of the groove is provided with an air hole. A vacuum chamber is provided inside the processing platform. One end of the vacuum chamber is connected to the air hole, and the other end is equipped with a vacuum chamber. A vertical servo electric slide is installed at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, and a vacuum rod is installed inside the vertical servo electric slide. The upper end of the vacuum rod is inserted into the vacuum chamber.

3. The method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the middle section of the second conduit is fitted with a condenser tube, and a cooling sleeve is installed on the outside of the condenser tube. A condenser and a compressor are installed on the top surface of the top plate. A cooling fan is installed on the heat dissipation surface of the condenser. The output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the condenser, the input end of the condenser tube is connected to the output end of the condenser, and the output end of the condenser tube is connected to the input end of the compressor.

4. The method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reaction gas storage tank is installed at the bottom of the lower frame. A first gas pump is installed at the output end of the reaction gas storage tank. The output end of the first gas pump is connected to a first conduit. The output end of the first conduit is connected to the other input end of a dual-channel solenoid valve.

5. A method for manufacturing a bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the middle frame is equipped with a DBD upper electrode plate servo electric slide, on which a DBD upper electrode plate slide table is slidably mounted. A DBD upper electrode plate outer frame is mounted on the DBD upper electrode plate slide table, and a DBD upper electrode plate is rotatably mounted inside the DBD upper electrode plate outer frame. A steering motor is mounted on the rotating shaft end of the DBD upper electrode plate. A high-voltage pulse power supply is installed at the bottom of the processing platform. An upper electrode line and a lower electrode line are provided on the high-voltage pulse power supply. The upper electrode line is connected to the DBD upper electrode plate, and the lower electrode line is connected to the DBD vacuum adsorption turntable.

6. A bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture, manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising a bearing dust cover, wherein the bearing dust cover is an annular metal part having an outer circular surface capable of being press-fitted into the sealing groove of the bearing outer ring, characterized in that: On the functional area of ​​the outer circular surface of the bearing dust cover, there is a regular micro-textured pattern formed by laser processing. The micro-textured pattern is composed of multiple discrete, non-penetrating micro-pit arrays. The micro-pits can form a mechanical interlock with the surface material of the sealing groove after press fitting.

7. A bearing dust cover based on laser surface microtexture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The micro-pits are circular in shape, have a surface density of 15% to 30%, a depth of 0.02 mm to 0.08 mm, and a diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.10 mm.

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