BIM-based open step blasting arrangement line dynamic generation and intelligent hole arrangement system

Abstract

The application provides a BIM-based open-air bench blasting arrangement line dynamic generation and intelligent hole arrangement system, relates to the technical field of digital data processing, and comprises the following: a data acquisition module that acquires efficiency influence parameters of blasting construction of an open-air bench project; a completion degree prediction module that performs standardized preprocessing on the acquired blasting construction influence parameters, constructs a multi-target regression mathematical model based on a machine learning algorithm, and outputs a blasting completion degree score; a resource consumption accounting module that acquires benefit indexes in the blasting process and generates blasting engineering resource consumption values; and a quality evaluation module that establishes a blasting arrangement line final quality standard evaluation mechanism. The application realizes analysis and evaluation of current blasting arrangement line dynamic generation and intelligent hole arrangement based on the blasting completion degree score and the blasting engineering resource consumption values, integrates original data by using a BIM platform, and performs multi-dimensional deviation checking by combining with past similar historical construction data, thereby improving the accuracy and adaptability of parameter acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital data processing technology, specifically to a BIM-based system for dynamic generation and intelligent hole layout of blasting wiring for open-air steps. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit bench blasting, accurately determining whether a BIM-based scheme can achieve the expected blasting objectives is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient progress of the project. This directly impacts the completeness of the work coverage, the controllability of the schedule, and the safety of the surrounding environment. If the scheme fails to meet the requirements for blasting scope, time limits, or flyrock control standards, it may lead to substandard blasting results, repeated construction, schedule delays, or even safety accidents. Simultaneously, considering the resource consumption of the blasting project in advance is essential for cost control and resource allocation optimization. Reasonable personnel allocation, equipment investment, and cost forecasting not only avoid resource waste or shortages but also improve construction organization efficiency, preventing increased economic burdens due to excessive resource consumption or quality hazards caused by insufficient investment. Therefore, quantitatively predicting the completion rate and resource consumption during the scheme design phase helps achieve scientific decision-making, dynamic optimization, and refined management throughout the entire blasting process.

[0003] In the prior art, CN116538875A discloses a refined construction method for deep-hole blasting in large-area open-pit benches. This technology includes: acquiring multiple sets of blasting site data; training a pre-built blasting effect prediction model using all blasting site data, and outputting a target blasting effect prediction model after training; inputting target site data into the target blasting effect prediction model and outputting target blasting parameters; after drilling based on the target blasting parameters, acquiring drill bit wear state data and drilling speed data, and obtaining the Protodyakonov hardness coefficient of the rock at the borehole location to obtain the hardness data of the rock mass around the hole; and calculating the charge amount for the target borehole based on the hardness data. In the above scheme, the target blasting effect prediction model outputs more accurate target blasting parameters, enabling the intelligent drilling rig to drill accurately, thereby obtaining the hardness data of the rock mass around the hole, and dynamically adjusting the charge amount to make the obtained charge amount more accurate.

[0004] However, in the aforementioned existing technologies, the dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying schemes for blasting wiring typically rely on manual experience for parameter setting and scheme evaluation, lacking effective utilization of historical construction data and making it difficult to achieve systematic verification of multi-dimensional data. This results in poor accuracy and weak adaptability of parameter collection. In terms of completion assessment, single indicators or qualitative judgments are often used, without the construction of scientific quantitative models. These models cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the core needs of the project in terms of schedule, safety, and cost, leading to highly subjective evaluation results and insufficient guidance. At the same time, traditional methods generally ignore the diminishing marginal effect in resource consumption analysis, making it difficult to accurately measure the rationality of resource allocation. Furthermore, there is a lack of a comprehensive quality assessment mechanism that jointly compares completion and resource consumption.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for open-air bench blasting layout, thereby addressing the problems mentioned in the background section. This invention analyzes and evaluates the current dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying of blasting layout based on blasting completion scores and blasting project resource consumption values. It utilizes a BIM platform to integrate original project data and combines it with historical construction data from similar projects for multi-dimensional deviation verification, improving the accuracy and adaptability of parameter acquisition.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of exposed steps includes the following modules:

[0009] The data acquisition module establishes a BIM platform, imports the original data of the open-air platform project through the BIM platform, and collects the efficiency impact parameters of the blasting construction of the open-air platform project. The efficiency impact parameters of the blasting construction include blasting range, project time limit, fly rock control range and construction resource quantity. It retrieves historical construction data of the same type of open-air platform project from more than N times in the past to verify the validity of the collected blasting construction impact parameters.

[0010] The completion prediction module standardizes and preprocesses the collected blasting construction impact parameters, constructs a multi-objective regression mathematical model based on machine learning algorithms, and uses the preprocessed blasting construction impact parameters as model input variables. The multi-objective regression mathematical model is used to output the blasting completion score.

[0011] The resource consumption calculation module collects benefit indicators during the blasting process. These indicators include the number of construction workers, the number of disposable equipment consumed, and the average cost of disposable equipment. Based on the obtained benefit indicators, the module inputs them into the resource consumption formula to generate the resource consumption value for the blasting project.

[0012] The quality assessment module sets a threshold for blasting completion and a threshold for blasting project resource consumption. It compares the blasting completion score obtained from the completion prediction module and the blasting project resource consumption obtained from the resource consumption calculation module with the blasting completion threshold and the blasting project resource consumption threshold, respectively, to establish a final quality standard assessment mechanism for blasting layout.

[0013] Furthermore, in the data acquisition module, when retrieving similar historical construction data from more than N previous times for the open-air platform project, valid historical data with similarity to the current project terrain and matching degree with the project scale reaching a preset ratio are pre-selected. The deviation verification method is used to perform multi-dimensional alignment verification between the collected blasting construction efficiency influencing parameters and the selected valid historical data. The retrieved similar historical construction data need to satisfy N≥3.

[0014] Furthermore, the processing flow of the deviation verification method is as follows:

[0015] First, the parameters affecting the efficiency of current blasting construction are matched and aligned one by one with the parameters of the selected effective historical data. For missing parameters, the mean of the same type of historical data is used to fill them in. Differentiated allowable deviation thresholds are set according to parameter attributes. Then, the difference between the current parameter and the historical data of the corresponding dimension is calculated according to the parameter category. Abnormal parameters that exceed the allowable deviation threshold are marked. Then, the abnormal parameters are traced and verified again.

[0016] Based on the actual change conditions of the project, determine whether the abnormal parameter belongs to a reasonable change that meets the project adjustment requirements. Abnormal parameters that are determined to be reasonable changes are re-included into the category of valid parameters. Finally, output the set of valid parameters after multi-dimensional alignment verification, and simultaneously generate a deviation verification detail record of the verification results and corresponding deviation values ​​of each parameter.

[0017] Furthermore, in the completion prediction module, the blasting completion score is calculated using the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] in:

[0020] The score represents the completion rate of the explosion.

[0021] The actual blasting range value designed for the current blasting layout scheme; The pre-defined planned blasting range value for the project;

[0022] This represents the estimated timeframe for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The planned project timeframe required by the project;

[0023] The actual flyrock control range value set for the current blasting and wiring scheme; The standard flyrock control range value required by the project;

[0024] This represents the estimated amount of construction resources required for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The pre-set planned construction resource quantity for the project;

[0025] These are the weighting coefficients for blasting range, project time limit, fly rock control range, and construction resource quantity, respectively.

[0026] Furthermore, The values ​​are determined through the following process: Four weight coefficients are set within their respective ranges; initial weight values ​​are preset based on the project's basic attributes; each weight coefficient is assigned a default value of 1; and these values ​​are dynamically adjusted according to the project's core requirements.

[0027] When the project focuses on the completeness of operational coverage, the weighting coefficient corresponding to the blasting range will be... Increase the initial value by 0.2 to 0.4; when focusing on schedule control, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the project time limit. Increase the initial value by 0.1 to 0.5; when the project prioritizes safety control requirements, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the scope of flystone control. Increase the initial value by 0.1 to 0.3; when cost control is the core focus, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the amount of construction resources. Increase the value by 0.2 to 0.6 from the initial value.

[0028] Furthermore, the aforementioned The following relationship exists between them:

[0029]

[0030] Then, the four weight coefficients are normalized so that:

[0031]

[0032] To ensure that the allocation of the four weight coefficients always maintains a consistent percentage benchmark, the weights are then verified using data from similar past projects. If the current adjusted weights deviate from the set limit M of similar past projects, fine-tuning and calibration are performed again to finally obtain weight coefficient values ​​that are suitable for the actual needs of the project. The set limit M ranges from [0.2, 0.5].

[0033] Furthermore, in the resource consumption calculation module, the formula for inputting the benefit index into the resource consumption is:

[0034]

[0035] in:

[0036] This is the resource consumption value of the blasting project, a dimensionless score. The higher the score, the higher the overall resource consumption of this blasting.

[0037] The actual number of personnel deployed under the current blasting plan is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0038] This represents the total number of disposable equipment actually consumed under the current blasting plan, and is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0039] This represents the average cost of one-time equipment in the current blasting scheme. After converting the unit to a pure numerical value, it is used in the calculation and is a positive number greater than 0.

[0040] By adding a correction term with a natural logarithm to the denominator of each parameter, the marginal effect of each benefit indicator on the resource consumption score is reduced. When the number of personnel, the quantity of one-time equipment consumed, and the average cost of one-time equipment decrease, the value of the natural logarithm term in the denominator is smaller, and the change of this parameter will directly lead to a significant change in the resource consumption score.

[0041] As the values ​​of various parameters of the benefit indicators continue to increase, the growth rate of the natural logarithmic term will gradually slow down, the growth rate of the denominator will gradually increase, and the increase in the resource consumption score brought about by the continued increase in parameter values ​​will become smaller and smaller. This is to meet the practical logic that when resource input continues to increase in actual construction, the marginal consumption impact brought about by the increase in unit resources gradually decreases.

[0042] Furthermore, during the collection of the personnel number P, the total number of on-duty personnel reported by each work team in this blasting project is first counted. Combined with the daily sign-in data of the project, personnel who did not actually report to work are removed. Then, the personnel of each work team are broken down and counted according to different work links such as blasting drilling, charging, protection, and warning. Subsequently, the personnel configuration standard data of similar blasting projects in the past are retrieved, and the personnel number of each link after the current breakdown is compared with the standard configuration. Links with redundant or insufficient personnel are marked. Finally, the personnel data of each link confirmed to be on duty are summarized, and the total number of actual on-duty personnel after the final summary is used as the value of personnel number P. The personnel ratio data of each link is recorded simultaneously for subsequent resource consumption analysis and verification.

[0043] Furthermore, in the quality assessment module, the thresholds for blasting completion and blasting project resource consumption are set as follows: and And enter the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] in:

[0046] The blasting completion score is used to intuitively reflect the overall superiority or inferiority of the plan.

[0047] Furthermore, the final quality standard evaluation mechanism for the blasting cabling includes:

[0048] When Q≥1, it means that the completion rate of the blasting layout plan is higher than or equal to the blasting completion threshold, and it is a qualified plan. The larger the value, the better the overall quality of the plan, indicating that while meeting the blasting completion requirements, the resource consumption control is better.

[0049] When 0.8≤Q<1, the scheme is in the critical qualified range. At this time, the blasting completion rate is slightly lower than the blasting completion rate threshold, but the resource consumption is well controlled, or the resource consumption slightly exceeds the blasting project resource consumption threshold, but the blasting completion rate meets the standard. The scheme parameters are finely adjusted according to the core requirements of the project to achieve optimization.

[0050] When Q < 0.8, it means that the scheme does not meet the basic quality requirements. At this time, the blasting completion rate is far below the blasting completion rate threshold, which cannot guarantee the completion of the operation target, or the resource consumption far exceeds the resource consumption threshold of the blasting project and the cost is out of control. It is necessary to readjust the blasting layout scheme.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0052] This invention analyzes and evaluates the dynamic generation and intelligent hole layout of current blasting routes based on blasting completion scores and blasting project resource consumption values. It utilizes a BIM platform to integrate original project data and combines it with historical construction data from similar projects for multi-dimensional deviation verification, improving the accuracy and adaptability of parameter collection. Furthermore, it introduces machine learning to construct a multi-objective regression model to dynamically calculate blasting completion scores and adaptively adjusts weight coefficients based on the project's core requirements of schedule, safety, and cost, making scheme evaluation more targeted and intelligent. By establishing a comprehensive quality evaluation mechanism, this invention achieves joint decision-making on completion and resource consumption using dimensionless ratios, breaking through the limitations of traditional methods that rely solely on single indicators or qualitative judgments. This enables quantitative grading and dynamic optimization of blasting schemes. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the BIM-based open-air step blasting layout dynamic generation and intelligent hole laying system of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the BIM-based open-air step blasting layout dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0057] Example:

[0058] Please see Figures 1-2 The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0059] The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of exposed steps includes the following modules:

[0060] The data acquisition module establishes an integrated BIM 3D digital management platform. This platform systematically imports all original basic data related to the open-air platform project, including topographic survey data, geological survey reports, platform design drawings, and environmental constraints. Based on this, the platform automatically collects key efficiency-influencing parameters during the blasting construction process of the open-air platform project. These parameters mainly cover the actual effective range of blasting operations, overall and phased project time constraints, the area covered by flyrock safety control, and the total amount of various resources required for construction. To ensure the authenticity and applicability of the collected parameters, the system will also automatically retrieve historical construction data from multiple similar projects in the past. Through comparative analysis and retrospective verification, the effectiveness and credibility of the currently collected blasting efficiency-influencing parameters are tested and evaluated.

[0061] When retrieving historical construction data from at least three similar previous projects for the open-air platform project, the system first pre-selects valid historical data records from the historical database that are highly similar to the current project in terms of topographic features, rock structure conditions, and platform layout, and whose matching degree in scale indicators such as total project volume, blasting volume, and operational complexity reaches or exceeds a preset threshold. Subsequently, the system initiates a deviation verification process, systematically aligning and comparing the currently collected parameters affecting blasting efficiency with this batch of valuable historical data across multiple key dimensions.

[0062] The processing flow of the deviation verification method is as follows:

[0063] In the specific process of implementing the deviation verification method, it is first necessary to match and align each dimension of the parameters affecting the efficiency of current blasting operations with the corresponding parameter dimensions in the filtered and valid historical data to ensure the consistency of the comparison benchmark and the comparability of the data. For individual parameter dimensions missing in the current data, the system will automatically call the statistical average of the same type of historical data for reasonable supplementation and filling to maintain the integrity of the dataset. Next, based on the engineering significance, dimensional characteristics, and fluctuation patterns of different parameters, differentiated allowable deviation threshold ranges are set for each.

[0064] Based on this, according to parameters such as blasting range, project time limit, flyrock control range, and construction resource quantity, the current parameter value is sequentially compared with the historical reference value of the corresponding dimension for quantitative difference calculation. The system automatically identifies and marks those parameter items whose calculated differences exceed the preset allowable deviation threshold, listing them as abnormal parameters. Subsequently, for these abnormal parameters, a secondary source tracing verification will be carried out, by tracing back their data collection process, verifying the input source and time node, and conducting cross-verification in conjunction with process records, in order to analyze the cause of the anomaly and the authenticity of the data;

[0065] Based on the actual change conditions of the project, determine whether the abnormal parameter belongs to a reasonable change that meets the project adjustment requirements. Abnormal parameters that are determined to be reasonable changes are re-included into the category of valid parameters. Finally, output the set of valid parameters after multi-dimensional alignment verification, and simultaneously generate a deviation verification detail record of the verification results and corresponding deviation values ​​of each parameter.

[0066] The completion prediction module performs systematic standardized preprocessing on the collected blasting construction impact parameters. This includes data cleaning, format standardization, unit conversion, and outlier smoothing to ensure that all input data have a consistent calculation benchmark and comparability. Subsequently, based on machine learning algorithms such as ensemble learning or deep learning, a multi-objective regression mathematical model that can comprehensively reflect blasting efficiency and effects is constructed. This model has been trained on a large amount of historical engineering data and can accurately capture the complex nonlinear relationship between parameters and results. The preprocessed blasting construction impact parameters, covering dimensions such as blasting range, project time limit, flyrock control range, and construction resource quantity, are used as the input variable set of this mathematical model.

[0067] Ultimately, this multi-objective regression mathematical model outputs a quantitative and evaluative score for blasting completion by comprehensively calculating and weighing the input variables. This score is used to objectively measure the expected completion level of the current blasting scheme under multiple constraints.

[0068] The demolition completion score is calculated using the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] in:

[0071] The score represents the completion rate of the explosion.

[0072] The actual blasting range value designed for the current blasting layout scheme; The pre-defined planned blasting range value for the project;

[0073] This reflects the completeness of the operational coverage. Blasting completion score. There is a positive correlation between this ratio and the actual blasting area. When the actual blasting area is closer to or reaches the planned area, the score for this item tends to be 1 or higher, indicating that the blasting coverage meets the standard. If the actual area is significantly smaller than the planned value, the ratio is less than 1, directly lowering the blasting completion score. .

[0074] This represents the estimated timeframe for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The planned project timeframe required by the project;

[0075] Score based on demolition completion There is a positive correlation. That is, the longer the construction period (exceeding the planned time), the greater the ratio is, which leads to a decrease in the contribution of this item, thus lowering the overall completion score; conversely, if it can be completed within the planned time or even ahead of schedule, the ratio is ≤1, which helps to improve the blasting completion score. .

[0076] The actual flyrock control range value set for the current blasting and wiring scheme; The standard flyrock control range value required by the project;

[0077] This reflects the level of safety control. The blasting completion score reflects this. There is a positive correlation with this ratio. When the actual control area is larger than the standard requirement (such as the protection zone being set too wide), it indicates that there is excessive conservatism or waste of resources. Although the security is improved, the efficiency is reduced, and points should be deducted appropriately. If the actual control area is smaller than the standard, it may bring security risks. The system will judge it as non-compliant, and in serious cases, the plan can be directly rejected.

[0078] This represents the estimated amount of construction resources required for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The pre-set planned construction resource quantity for the project;

[0079] Score based on demolition completion There is a positive correlation. It reflects the ability to control costs—the more resources consumed, the higher the ratio, and the lower the corresponding score, thus suppressing the extensive model of high input for high results; only when resource use is controlled within the planned range or even better can this item maintain a high score.

[0080] These are the weighting coefficients for blasting range, project time limit, fly rock control range, and construction resource quantity, respectively.

[0081] The values ​​are determined through the following process: Four weight coefficients are set within their respective ranges; initial weight values ​​are preset based on the project's basic attributes; each weight coefficient is assigned a default value of 1; and these values ​​are dynamically adjusted according to the project's core requirements.

[0082] When the project focuses on the completeness of operational coverage, the weighting coefficient corresponding to the blasting range will be... Increase the initial value by 0.2; when focusing on schedule control, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the project time limit. Increase the initial value by 0.3; when the project prioritizes safety control requirements, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the scope of Flystone control. Increase the initial value by 0.1; when cost control is the core focus, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the amount of construction resources. Increase it by 0.4 from the initial value.

[0083] The The following relationship exists between them:

[0084]

[0085] Then, the four weight coefficients are normalized so that:

[0086]

[0087] Through normalization, the allocation of the four weighting coefficients—blasting range, project time limit, flyrock control range, and construction resource quantity—can be maintained on a unified and stable basis, ensuring consistent comparison and calculation foundations for weight settings across different projects or at different stages of the same project. Subsequently, the system will access past weight usage records and configuration experience data from similar blasting projects stored in the database to perform horizontal comparison and consistency verification of the currently adjusted weighting coefficient combination.

[0088] If the deviation between the current weights and common values ​​or configuration patterns in similar historical projects exceeds the pre-set allowable limit M, it indicates that the current weight settings may be unreasonable or deviate too much from experience. In this case, the system will automatically trigger a weight fine-tuning calibration process to rebalance and correct based on historical data distribution and project specificity. After repeated verification and appropriate adjustments, a set of weight coefficient values ​​that match the actual geological conditions, construction objectives, and management priorities of the current open-pit bench blasting project and meet the project's actual needs will be output. The aforementioned set limit M is generally defined between 0.2 and 0.5 to effectively determine whether the weight settings are within an acceptable range of empirical deviation.

[0089] The resource consumption calculation module systematically collects and integrates multiple key benefit indicators involved in the entire blasting construction process. These indicators mainly include the total number of construction personnel actually involved, the total number of disposable equipment consumed in the blasting operation, and the average purchase or rental cost of the disposable equipment used. Based on these specific benefit indicator data, they are used as input variables and substituted into a specially designed resource consumption calculation formula for comprehensive calculation. Through the weighted and integrated analysis of each indicator by this formula, a dimensionless evaluation value that can quantitatively reflect the overall resource consumption level of this blasting project is finally generated, namely the blasting project resource consumption value. The higher the value, the greater the degree of resource occupation and consumption.

[0090] The formula for inputting resource consumption into the efficiency indicators is:

[0091]

[0092] in:

[0093] This is the resource consumption value of the blasting project, a dimensionless score. The higher the score, the higher the overall resource consumption of this blasting.

[0094] The actual number of personnel deployed under the current blasting plan is a positive integer greater than 0. The actual number of personnel deployed is positively correlated with the resource consumption value of the blasting project. That is, the more personnel deployed, the higher the corresponding resource consumption score, reflecting a direct increase in labor costs.

[0095] This represents the total number of disposable equipment actually consumed under the current blasting plan, and is a positive integer greater than 0. The total number of disposable equipment is positively correlated with the resource consumption value of the blasting project. The more equipment used, the greater the intensity of on-site material input, which directly increases the resource consumption value.

[0096] This represents the average cost of disposable equipment in the current blasting scheme. After converting the unit to a pure numerical value, it is used in the calculation and is a positive number greater than 0. The average cost of disposable equipment is positively correlated with the resource consumption value of the blasting project. The extensive use of high-cost equipment will significantly increase the overall resource consumption score.

[0097] When the average cost of disposable equipment is very high (such as intelligent detonation systems), although the absolute value is large, the logarithmic compression effect will prevent the resource consumption value of blasting projects from becoming extremely high, thus preventing individual high-priced components from distorting the overall evaluation results and ensuring the comparability of solutions between different technical routes.

[0098] In the design of the resource consumption formula, a correction term containing the natural logarithm was deliberately introduced into the denominator of each parameter. This mathematical treatment aims to simulate and realize the diminishing marginal effect of the numerical change of each benefit indicator on the resource consumption score.

[0099] Specifically, when parameters such as the number of construction workers, the quantity of disposable equipment consumed, and the average cost of disposable equipment are in a low range, the corresponding natural logarithmic calculation results are also relatively small. Therefore, the denominator is highly sensitive to changes, and any increase or decrease in these parameters will directly and significantly lead to noticeable fluctuations and changes in the resource consumption score. This design accurately reflects the objective law that changes in unit resources have a significant impact on the overall consumption assessment in the early stages of actual projects or when the resource input base is small, thus ensuring that the formula has higher discrimination and indicative sensitivity within a low resource range.

[0100] As the values ​​of various parameters of the benefit indicators continue to increase, the growth rate of the natural logarithmic term will gradually slow down, the growth rate of the denominator will gradually increase, and the increase in the resource consumption score brought about by the continued increase in parameter values ​​will become smaller and smaller. This is to meet the practical logic that when resource input continues to increase in actual construction, the marginal consumption impact brought about by the increase in unit resources gradually decreases.

[0101] During the collection of the personnel number P, the first step is to use the project's information management platform to count the total number of personnel planned to be on duty in each work team for this blasting mission, as reported in advance. Then, the system automatically links this data to the daily dynamic attendance and sign-in data implemented on-site. Through cross-comparison, it accurately identifies and removes records of personnel who reported but did not actually appear, ensuring the authenticity and timeliness of the personnel data. Next, the on-duty personnel of each team are further subdivided and categorized according to different professional work processes such as blasting drilling, explosive loading, safety protection, and on-site security.

[0102] After the breakdown is complete, the system will retrieve personnel configuration standards or recommended models from the database for similar past blasting projects under similar engineering conditions, and compare the actual number of personnel in each stage of the current breakdown with the corresponding standard configuration. Based on the comparison results, the system will automatically mark stages with obvious redundancy in personnel configuration, or identify personnel shortages in certain stages.

[0103] The number of personnel at each work stage, verified and confirmed to be actually present, will be summarized and consolidated again. The final total number of personnel actually participating in the work will be used as the accurate value of the personnel number P for subsequent calculations. At the same time, the system will synchronously record in detail the proportion of personnel at each work stage to the total number of personnel.

[0104] The quality assessment module sets a threshold for blasting completion and a threshold for blasting project resource consumption. It compares the blasting completion score obtained from the completion prediction module and the blasting project resource consumption obtained from the resource consumption calculation module with the blasting completion threshold and the blasting project resource consumption threshold, respectively, to establish a final quality standard assessment mechanism for blasting layout.

[0105] The thresholds for blasting completion and blasting resource consumption are set as follows: and And enter the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] in:

[0108] The blasting completion score is a dimensionless value used to intuitively reflect the overall advantages and disadvantages of the scheme and to comprehensively evaluate the blasting effect. The higher the score, the closer the blasting effect is to the expected goal.

[0109] Resource consumption threshold for blasting projects The design resistance line is the shortest distance from the center of the explosive charge to the free surface set in the blasting design, reflecting the blasting range and energy distribution of the design.

[0110] Explosion completion threshold Used to indicate the planned effective fracture area in a blasting scheme.

[0111] The final quality standard evaluation mechanism for blasting cabling includes:

[0112] In the final quality standard evaluation mechanism for blasting and wiring, when the value of the comprehensive evaluation index Q is greater than or equal to 1, it indicates that the expected completion rate of the blasting and wiring scheme is higher than or equal to its blasting completion threshold. This means that the scheme as a whole meets the basic requirements and is a qualified and executable scheme. Moreover, the larger the Q value, the more outstanding the overall quality of the scheme, that is, while effectively ensuring the achievement of core objectives such as blasting scope, schedule, safety and cost, its control over the consumption of resources such as personnel, equipment and funds is also more efficient and economical.

[0113] When the Q value is between 0.8 and 1, the scheme is considered to be in the critical acceptable range. This situation may correspond to two typical scenarios: one is that the blasting completion rate is slightly lower than the preset blasting completion rate threshold, but resource consumption is well controlled and does not exceed the allowable range; the other is that resource consumption slightly exceeds the preset threshold, but the blasting completion rate is fully met. Although this type of scheme has a slight deficiency in one aspect, it is still feasible overall. The relevant parameters can be fine-tuned and optimized according to the current core orientation of the project—for example, a greater emphasis on meeting deadlines or cost savings—to elevate it to a fully acceptable level.

[0114] When the Q value is less than 0.8, it indicates that the plan fails to meet basic quality requirements. This situation usually signifies two serious problems: either the blasting completion rate is far below the threshold, making it impossible to guarantee the intended blasting effect and project objectives; or resource consumption far exceeds the reasonable threshold, reflecting that cost control may be out of control. Such plans are not feasible and the design concept must be re-examined, with structural adjustments or redesigns to the blasting wiring scheme to avoid inefficiency, safety risks, or significant economic losses during actual construction.

[0115] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0116] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0117] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0118] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of exposed steps, characterized in that, The modules included are: The data acquisition module establishes a BIM platform, imports the original data of the open-air platform project through the BIM platform, and collects the efficiency impact parameters of the blasting construction of the open-air platform project. The efficiency impact parameters of the blasting construction include blasting range, project time limit, fly rock control range and construction resource quantity. It retrieves historical construction data of the same type of open-air platform project from more than N times in the past to verify the validity of the collected blasting construction impact parameters. The completion prediction module standardizes and preprocesses the collected blasting construction impact parameters, constructs a multi-objective regression mathematical model based on machine learning algorithms, and uses the preprocessed blasting construction impact parameters as model input variables. The multi-objective regression mathematical model is used to output the blasting completion score. The resource consumption calculation module collects benefit indicators during the blasting process. These indicators include the number of construction workers, the number of disposable equipment consumed, and the average cost of disposable equipment. Based on the obtained benefit indicators, the module inputs them into the resource consumption formula to generate the resource consumption value for the blasting project. The quality assessment module sets thresholds for blasting completion and blasting resource consumption. It compares the blasting completion score obtained from the completion prediction module and the blasting resource consumption calculated from the resource consumption accounting module with these thresholds to establish a final quality standard assessment mechanism for blasting layout. In the data acquisition module, when retrieving historical construction data of similar types from the past N times for the open-air platform project, it pre-screens valid historical data whose terrain similarity and project scale matching degree with the current project both reach a preset ratio or higher. A deviation verification method is used to perform multi-dimensional alignment verification between the collected blasting construction efficiency influencing parameters and the screened valid historical data. The retrieved historical construction data of similar types must satisfy N≥3. The processing flow of the deviation verification method is as follows: First, the parameters affecting the efficiency of current blasting construction are matched and aligned one by one with the parameters of the selected effective historical data. For missing parameters, the mean of the same type of historical data is used to fill them in. Differentiated allowable deviation thresholds are set according to parameter attributes. Then, the difference between the current parameter and the historical data of the corresponding dimension is calculated according to the parameter category. Abnormal parameters that exceed the allowable deviation threshold are marked. Then, the abnormal parameters are traced and verified again. Based on the actual change conditions of the project, it is determined whether the abnormal parameter belongs to a reasonable change that meets the project adjustment requirements. Abnormal parameters that are determined to be reasonable changes are re-included into the category of valid parameters. Finally, the set of valid parameters after multi-dimensional alignment verification is output, and deviation verification details are generated simultaneously to record the verification results and corresponding deviation values ​​of each parameter. In the completion prediction module, the blasting completion score is calculated using the following formula: ； in: The score represents the completion rate of the explosion. The actual blasting range value designed for the current blasting layout scheme; The pre-defined planned blasting range value for the project; This represents the estimated timeframe for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The planned project timeframe required by the project; The actual flyrock control range value set for the current blasting and wiring scheme; The standard flyrock control range value required by the project; This represents the estimated amount of construction resources required for the current blasting and cabling scheme. The pre-set planned construction resource quantity for the project; These are the weighting coefficients for blasting range, project time limit, flyrock control range, and construction resource quantity, respectively. The values ​​are determined through the following process: Four weight coefficients are set within their respective ranges; initial weight values ​​are preset based on the project's basic attributes; each weight coefficient is assigned a default value of 1; and these values ​​are dynamically adjusted according to the project's core requirements. When the project focuses on the completeness of operational coverage, the weighting coefficient corresponding to the blasting range will be... Increase the initial value by 0.2 to 0.4; when focusing on schedule control, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the project time limit. Increase the initial value by 0.1 to 0.5; when the project prioritizes safety control requirements, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the scope of flystone control. Increase the initial value by 0.1 to 0.3; when cost control is the core focus, adjust the weighting coefficient corresponding to the amount of construction resources. Increase the value by 0.2 to 0.6 from the initial value; The following relationship exists between them: ； Then, the four weight coefficients are normalized so that: ； To ensure that the allocation of the four weight coefficients always maintains a consistent percentage benchmark, the weights are then verified using data from similar past projects. If the current adjusted weights deviate from the set limit M of similar past projects, fine-tuning and calibration are performed again to finally obtain weight coefficient values ​​that are suitable for the actual needs of the project. The set limit M ranges from [0.2, 0.5].

2. The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of open-air steps as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the resource consumption calculation module, the formula for inputting the benefit index into the resource consumption is: ； in: This is the resource consumption value of the blasting project, a dimensionless score. The higher the score, the higher the overall resource consumption of this blasting. The actual number of personnel deployed under the current blasting plan is a positive integer greater than 0. This represents the total number of disposable equipment actually consumed under the current blasting plan, and is a positive integer greater than 0. This represents the average cost of one-time equipment in the current blasting scheme. After converting the unit to a pure numerical value, it is used in the calculation and is a positive number greater than 0. By adding a correction term with a natural logarithm to the denominator of each parameter, the marginal effect of each benefit indicator on the resource consumption score is reduced. When the number of personnel, the quantity of one-time equipment consumed, and the average cost of one-time equipment decrease, the value of the natural logarithm term in the denominator is smaller, and the change of this parameter will directly lead to a significant change in the resource consumption score. As the values ​​of various parameters of the benefit indicators continue to increase, the growth rate of the natural logarithmic term will gradually slow down, the growth rate of the denominator will gradually increase, and the increase in the resource consumption score brought about by the continued increase in parameter values ​​will become smaller and smaller. This is to meet the practical logic that when resource input continues to increase in actual construction, the marginal consumption impact brought about by the increase in unit resources gradually decreases.

3. The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of open-air steps as described in claim 2, characterized in that: During the collection of the personnel number P, the total number of on-duty personnel reported by each work team in this blasting project is first counted. Combined with the daily sign-in data of the project, personnel who did not actually report to work are removed. Then, the personnel of each work team are broken down and counted according to different work links such as blasting drilling, charging, protection, and warning. Subsequently, the personnel configuration standard data of similar blasting projects in the past are retrieved, and the personnel number of each link after the current breakdown is compared with the standard configuration. Links with redundant or insufficient personnel are marked. Finally, the personnel data of each link confirmed to be on duty are summarized, and the total number of actual on-duty personnel in the final summary is used as the value of personnel number P. The personnel ratio data of each link is recorded at the same time for subsequent resource consumption analysis and verification.

4. The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of open-air steps according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the quality assessment module, the thresholds for blasting completion and blasting project resource consumption are set as follows: and And enter the following formula: ； in: The blasting completion score is used to intuitively reflect the overall superiority or inferiority of the plan.

5. The BIM-based dynamic generation and intelligent hole-laying system for blasting and routing of open-air steps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The final quality standard evaluation mechanism for the blasting cabling includes: When Q≥1, it means that the completion rate of the blasting layout plan is higher than or equal to the blasting completion threshold, and it is a qualified plan. The larger the value, the better the overall quality of the plan, indicating that while meeting the blasting completion requirements, the resource consumption control is better. When 0.8≤Q<1, it means that the scheme is in the critical qualified range. At this time, the blasting completion rate is slightly lower than the blasting completion rate threshold, but the resource consumption is well controlled, or the resource consumption is slightly higher than the blasting project resource consumption threshold, but the blasting completion rate meets the standard. The scheme parameters are finely adjusted according to the core needs of the project to achieve optimization. When Q < 0.8, it means that the scheme does not meet the basic quality requirements. At this time, the blasting completion rate is far below the blasting completion rate threshold, which cannot guarantee the completion of the operation target, or the resource consumption far exceeds the resource consumption threshold of the blasting project and the cost is out of control. It is necessary to readjust the blasting layout scheme.

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