A sleeve shaft biasing type environmental loading in-situ mechanical test device

Abstract

The application provides a sleeve shaft biasing type environmental loading in-situ mechanical test device, relates to the technical field of material organization performance detection, and comprises a driving motor, a top plate, an outer supporting column, a motor fixing plate, a gear set, an upper fixing plate, a bidirectional screw forward section, a bidirectional screw reverse section, a force sensor, an upper loading beam, a lower loading beam, a screw nut, an inner supporting column, a first flange bellows, a second flange bellows, a lower fixing plate, a biasing inner sleeve shaft, a biasing outer sleeve shaft, a sample upper chuck, a test sample, a sample lower chuck, a gas regulating valve interface, a vacuum extraction interface, a push rod motor, an in-situ observation window, an environmental cabin and a bottom plate. The top plate and the bottom plate are connected through the outer supporting column, and the motor fixing plate, the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are sequentially connected between the top plate and the bottom plate. The bidirectional screw between the upper and lower fixing plates serves as a power transmission core and realizes motion conversion. The force sensor collects load data in real time, and the flange bellows guarantees sealing isolation during the motion process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material microstructure and property testing technology, and in particular to a sleeve-axis offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device. Background Technology

[0002] In high-end manufacturing sectors such as aerospace, nuclear power, and deep-sea equipment, materials must operate for extended periods in extreme environments including vacuum, high temperature, low temperature, and strong corrosion. Their mechanical properties and microstructure evolution directly determine the reliability and lifespan of the equipment. Traditional materials testing often relies on offline testing under single conditions, failing to accurately recreate the service scenario of the combined effects of mechanical load and complex environment. This leads to discrepancies between test data and actual applications, hindering the development efficiency of high-performance materials. Therefore, developing in-situ testing devices capable of simulating real service environments and simultaneously achieving mechanical loading and microscopic characterization has become a key requirement for overcoming technological bottlenecks in materials science. Such devices can provide direct and accurate experimental evidence for material failure mechanism analysis and performance optimization design.

[0003] Current mainstream in-situ mechanical loading devices generally employ a structural design where the tensile axes are symmetrically distributed relative to the sample center. These devices apply tensile and compressive mechanical loads to the sample through symmetrically arranged tensile axes, while simultaneously using an environmental chamber to simulate specific service conditions. Characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction are employed to achieve preliminary simultaneous observation of mechanical properties and microstructural changes. The core design logic is to ensure coaxiality of the loading through a symmetrical structure, guaranteeing that the mechanical load is applied uniformly to the sample. This makes them suitable for basic in-situ testing under normal conditions, providing crucial support for early research on the microscopic mechanisms of materials.

[0004] Existing symmetrical structure equipment has two major drawbacks: First, the dynamic seal design is difficult. The symmetrically distributed tension shafts need to penetrate the environmental cavity. Under extreme conditions such as high vacuum and high temperature, it is difficult to balance the compatibility between the shaft movement and the cavity seal, which can easily lead to gas leakage and temperature loss. Second, it has poor adaptability to liquid media scenarios. When the environmental cavity contains liquid media such as cryogenic liquid nitrogen or corrosive liquids, the sealing interface between the tension shaft and the cavity is easily affected by media erosion and low-temperature embrittlement, leading to seal failure or even equipment damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the challenges of designing dynamic seals in existing in-situ mechanical testing devices, the difficulty in balancing the compatibility of symmetrical shaft movement and cavity sealing under extreme conditions such as high vacuum and high temperature, leading to gas leakage and temperature loss, and the poor adaptability to liquid media scenarios, where the sealing interface between the tensile shaft and the cavity is susceptible to erosion and low-temperature embrittlement when the environmental cavity contains cryogenic liquid nitrogen, corrosive liquids, or other liquid media, resulting in seal failure or even equipment damage, this invention provides a sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device, comprising: a drive motor, a top plate, an outer support column, a motor fixing plate, a gear set, an upper fixing plate, a bidirectional lead screw forward section, a bidirectional lead screw reverse section, a force sensor, an upper loading crossbeam, a lower loading crossbeam, a lead screw nut, an inner support column, a first flange bellows, a second flange bellows, a lower fixing plate, an offset inner sleeve shaft, an offset outer sleeve shaft, an upper sample clamp, a test sample, a lower sample clamp, a gas regulating valve interface, a vacuum interface, a push rod motor, an in-situ observation window, an environmental chamber, and a base plate.

[0008] The top plate and the bottom plate are connected by external support columns. Between the top plate and the bottom plate, a motor fixing plate, an upper fixing plate, and a lower fixing plate, which can slide up and down along the external support columns, are installed in sequence. The drive motor and gear set are mounted on the motor fixing plate.

[0009] The offset outer sleeve shaft and the offset inner sleeve shaft are installed in a nested manner at the center of the lower loading crossbeam and the upper loading crossbeam, respectively.

[0010] The bottom left and right sides of the lower fixed plate are connected to the shaft ends of the push rod motor.

[0011] The forward and reverse sections of the bidirectional lead screw are used as the core of power transmission. The upper and lower loading beams are connected through the lead screw nut to realize motion conversion.

[0012] The force sensor collects load data in real time, and the first flange bellows and the second flange bellows ensure sealing and isolation during the movement process.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0014] In this invention, the first flange bellows between the upper and lower loading beams, the second flange bellows between the lower beam and the lower fixed plate, the sealing structure design of the lower fixed plate and the top of the environmental chamber, and the vacuum port, gas regulating valve port, and in-situ observation window designed on the environmental chamber all contribute to preventing gas leakage and temperature loss. Simultaneously, the offset sleeve shaft structure based on the lower fixed plate allows in-situ mechanical testing to be conducted under sealed or vacuum conditions, and the lower fixed plate can be lifted upwards via a push rod motor. This allows for flexible adaptation to different environmental chambers such as vacuum, high temperature, low temperature, and corrosive environments, and the structure is easy to disassemble and replace. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gear set of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission module of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the loading module of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the clamp features of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal features of the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Drive motor; 2. Top plate; 3. Outer support shaft; 4. Motor mounting plate; 5. Gear set; 6. Upper mounting plate; 7. Forward section of the bidirectional lead screw; 8. Reverse section of the bidirectional lead screw; 9. Force sensor; 10. Upper loading beam; 11. Lower loading beam; 12. Lead screw nut; 13. Inner support rod; 14. First flange bellows; 15. Second flange bellows; 16. Lower mounting plate; 17. Offset inner sleeve shaft; 18. Offset outer sleeve shaft; 19. Upper sample chuck; 20. Test sample; 21. Lower sample chuck; 22. Gas regulating valve interface; 23. Vacuum interface; 24. Push 25. Rod motor; 26. In-situ observation window; 27. Environmental chamber; 28. Base plate; 29. ​​Top plate motor port; 30. Top sealing groove of environmental chamber; 31. Bidirectional lead screw drive gear; 32. Motor drive gear; 33. Force sensor sealing groove; 34. Upper loading crossbeam sealing groove; 35. Top sealing groove of first flange bellows; 36. Bottom sealing groove of first flange bellows; 37. Top sealing groove of second flange bellows; 38. Forward lead screw nut; 39. Reverse lead screw nut; 40. Offset outer sleeve shaft groove; 41. Chuck slot; 42. Chuck fixing thread.

[0025] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the apparatus for implementing the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific apparatus, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device, including: a drive motor 1, a top plate 2, an outer support column 3, a motor fixing plate 4, a gear set 5, an upper fixing plate 6, a bidirectional lead screw forward section 7, a bidirectional lead screw reverse section 8, a force sensor 9, an upper loading crossbeam 10, a lower loading crossbeam 11, a lead screw nut 12, an inner support column 13, a first flange bellows 14, a second flange bellows 15, a lower fixing plate 16, an offset inner sleeve shaft 17, an offset outer sleeve shaft 18, a sample upper clamp 19, a test sample 20, a sample lower clamp 21, a gas regulating valve interface 22, a vacuum interface 23, a push rod motor 24, an in-situ observation window 25, an environmental chamber 26, and a base plate 27.

[0028] The top plate 2 and the bottom plate 27 are connected by an outer support column 3. Between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 27, a motor fixing plate 4, an upper fixing plate 6, and a lower fixing plate 16, which can slide up and down along the outer support column 3, are installed in sequence. The drive motor 1 and the gear set 5 are mounted on the motor fixing plate 4.

[0029] The offset outer sleeve shaft 18 and the offset inner sleeve shaft 17 are respectively installed in a nested manner at the center of the lower loading crossbeam 11 and the upper loading crossbeam 10.

[0030] The bottom left and right sides of the lower fixed plate 16 are connected to the shaft ends of the push rod motor 24.

[0031] The forward section 7 and the reverse section 8 of the bidirectional lead screw are used as the core of power transmission. The upper loading beam 10 and the lower loading beam 11 are connected through the lead screw nut 12 to realize motion conversion.

[0032] Force sensor 9 collects load data in real time, and the first flange bellows 14 and the second flange bellows 15 ensure sealing and isolation during the movement process.

[0033] It should be noted that the offset sleeve design breaks the limitations of traditional symmetrical structures. By using nested sleeves, the loading and transmission spaces are separated. Combined with double-flange bellows, a reliable sealing system is constructed. This not only solves the dynamic sealing problem in extreme environments, but also ensures loading accuracy by relying on bidirectional screws and force sensors. Furthermore, multiple types of environmental chambers can be quickly replaced through push rod motors to achieve synchronous characterization of "force-environment-structure", which greatly expands the environmental adaptability and data reliability of in-situ testing.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the device includes: a transmission module, a loading module, an external support module, and an environmental chamber module.

[0035] The transmission module includes: a drive motor 1, a motor mounting plate 4, a gear set 5, a bidirectional lead screw forward section 7, a bidirectional lead screw reverse section 8, a lead screw nut 12, an inner support column 13, an upper fixing plate 6, and a lower fixing plate 16.

[0036] The loading module includes: a force sensor 9, an upper loading beam 10, a lower loading beam 11, a first flange bellows 14, a second flange bellows 15, an offset outer sleeve shaft 18, an offset inner sleeve shaft 17, an upper sample clamp 19, a lower sample clamp 21, and a test sample 20.

[0037] The external support module includes: top plate 2, bottom plate 27, external support column 3, and push rod motor 24.

[0038] The environmental chamber module includes: environmental chamber 26, in-situ observation window 25, gas regulating valve interface 22, and vacuum interface 23.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, four modules are clearly defined and work together. The sleeve-shaft offset structure solves the sealing problem, the double-flange bellows ensures sealing performance in extreme environments, the bidirectional screw drive and force sensor ensure accurate loading, and the push rod motor 24 assists in the flexible replacement of the environmental chamber 26. This enables the synchronous and accurate characterization of mechanical properties and microstructure under multiple environments, greatly improving the applicability and reliability of the test.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the bidirectional lead screw forward section 7, the bidirectional lead screw reverse section 8, and the transmission gear are connected.

[0041] The motor drive gear is installed between the two transmission gears.

[0042] The upper loading beam 10 and the lower loading beam 11 are installed between the upper fixed plate 6 and the lower fixed plate 16 via a forward screw nut and a reverse screw nut, respectively, and the upper loading beam 10 and the lower loading beam 11 are located in the forward section 7 and the reverse section 8 of the bidirectional screw, respectively.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, the motor drives the gear to mesh with the double transmission gear, which drives the one-piece bidirectional lead screw to rotate synchronously in both directions. This, in conjunction with the corresponding lead screw nut 12, drives the upper and lower loading beams to move symmetrically. This not only ensures the coaxiality of the loading and the synchronization of the movement, but also improves the power transmission efficiency and loading accuracy, providing stable and reliable power support for in-situ mechanical testing.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the in-situ observation window 25 is sealed to the top of the environment chamber 26 via a sealing ring.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, a sealing ring is used to reliably seal the in-situ observation window 25 and the environmental chamber 26, which not only prevents leakage of special environments such as vacuum, high temperature, and corrosive media inside the chamber, but also ensures the transparency and cleanliness of the observation channel, allowing the microscopic characterization equipment to clearly capture the dynamic changes of the test sample, thus achieving a high-efficiency balance between sealing protection and in-situ observation.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the force sensor 9 is mounted on top of the upper loading beam 10.

[0047] Force sensor 9 provides structural rigid support through internal support column 13.

[0048] A first flange bellows 14 is installed between the upper loading beam 10 and the lower loading beam 11.

[0049] A second flange bellows 15 is installed between the lower loading beam 11 and the lower fixing plate 16.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the force sensor is installed on the top of the upper loading beam 10, and the internal support column is used to strengthen the structural rigidity. Then, a graded sealing system is constructed through the first flange bellows 14 and the second flange bellows 15. This ensures the accuracy of load data acquisition and structural stability, while blocking environmental interference, achieving efficient coordination of loading, sensing and sealing, and improving test reliability.

[0051] In one possible implementation, four inner support columns 13 are installed between the upper fixing plate 6 and the lower fixing plate 16.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the biased inner sleeve shaft 17 are assembled in a nested manner.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the biased inner sleeve shaft 17 are assembled in a nested configuration.

[0054] The biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the biased inner sleeve shaft 17 pass through the lower fixing plate 16 to bias the loading module.

[0055] During the loading process, by driving the forward section 7 and the reverse section 8 of the bidirectional lead screw, the upper loading crossbeam 10 and the lower loading crossbeam 11 respectively drive the offset inner sleeve shaft 17, the offset outer sleeve shaft 18, the sample upper chuck 19 and the sample lower chuck 21 to move in opposite directions synchronously, so as to realize the in-situ loading of the middle gauge length section of the test sample 20.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, a rigid foundation is built by four inner support columns 13, and the offset layout of the loading module is achieved by a nested offset sleeve shaft. The bidirectional screw drives the crossbeam to drive the sleeve shaft and the clamp to move in opposite directions synchronously. This not only solves the sealing problem of traditional symmetrical structures, but also ensures the accurate coaxiality of the loading and the in-situ force of the sample gauge section, thus achieving synergistic optimization of structural stability, sealing adaptation and loading accuracy.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the biased inner sleeve shaft 17 is located between the upper loading crossbeam 10 and the lower loading crossbeam 11.

[0058] The first flange bellows 14 with sealing rings at both ends is used to achieve structural sealing of the offset inner sleeve shaft 17.

[0059] The offset outer shaft 18 is located between the lower loading crossbeam 11 and the lower fixing plate 16.

[0060] The second flange bellows 15 with sealing rings at both ends is used to achieve structural sealing of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18.

[0061] The bottom surface of the lower fixing plate 16 and the top of the environmental chamber 26 are sealed by a sealing ring in the sealing groove 29 at the top of the environmental chamber 26 to achieve structural sealing of the environmental chamber 26.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, a three-level sealing structure is set at the docking point of the biased inner sleeve 17, the biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the environmental chamber 26. The double flange bellows with sealing rings and the sealing groove sealing ring form multiple protections, which can not only adapt to the shaft movement during the loading process, but also effectively block leakage in special environments such as vacuum, high temperature and corrosive media, ensuring the dual reliability of test environment stability and structural sealing.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the biased outer shaft 18 is a hollow structure.

[0064] The biased outer sleeve shaft 18 can pass through the biased inner sleeve shaft 17.

[0065] Test sample 20 is mounted on the bottom side of the biased outer sleeve shaft 18 by machining the groove.

[0066] When test sample 20 is installed, the transmission module and loading module are lifted upward by the push rod motor 24 at the bottom of the lower fixed plate 16.

[0067] When test sample 20 is being tested, push rod motor 24 drives lower fixed plate 16 to descend, and lower fixed plate 16 and top of environmental chamber 26 are sealed together.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, a hollow offset outer sleeve shaft 18 is used to fit an offset inner sleeve shaft 17, allowing for convenient installation of test samples via the bottom slot. The push rod motor 24 is used to achieve module lifting and sealing docking with the environmental chamber, which simplifies the sample loading and unloading process, ensures sealing reliability, and balances ease of operation with stability of the testing environment.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the environmental chamber 26 includes different types of chambers: vacuum chamber, high-temperature chamber, low-temperature chamber, and electrochemical chamber.

[0070] The environmental chamber 26 is installed directly below the lower fixing plate 16.

[0071] An in-situ observation window 25, a gas regulating valve interface 22, and a vacuum interface 23 are installed on the surface of the environmental chamber 26.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the equipment supports flexible replacement of various types of environmental chambers such as vacuum and high temperature. The environmental chamber 26 is installed directly below the base plate 27 and is equipped with a dedicated functional interface and an in-situ observation window 25, which not only meets the needs of multiple environmental tests, but also ensures that environmental parameters are controllable and microscopic characterization is convenient, greatly expanding the applicability of the equipment and the integrity of the test.

[0073] like Figure 3As shown, the drive motor 1 and gear set 5 are located on the top of the transmission module and are mounted on the motor mounting plate 4. The motor drive gear 31 is mounted between the two transmission gears 30. The transmission gear is connected to the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 7 and 8 through the upper mounting plate 6 and the lower mounting plate 16. The upper and lower loading beams 10 and 11 are mounted between the upper and lower mounting plates 6 and 16 through the forward and reverse lead screw nuts 38 and 39, respectively, and are located in the forward section 7 and the reverse section 8 of the bidirectional lead screw. The force sensor 9 is mounted on the top of the upper loading beam 10. The first flange bellows 14 is installed between the upper loading beam 10 and the lower loading beam 11, and the second flange bellows 15 is installed between the lower loading beam 11 and the lower mounting plate 16. Four inner support columns 13 are installed between the upper mounting plate 6 and the lower mounting plate 16.

[0074] The biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the biased inner sleeve shaft 17 are nested and installed at the center of the lower loading beam 11 and the upper loading beam 10, respectively. The two sleeve shafts pass through the lower fixing plate 16 and are biased at its bottom. The lower sample clamp 21 and the upper sample clamp 19 are respectively installed at the ends of the biased outer sleeve shaft 18 and the biased inner sleeve shaft 17. The test sample 20 is installed in the two clamps through the slot 41.

[0075] The bottom 16 of the lower fixed plate connects to the shaft ends of the push rod motor 24 on both sides, and the main body of the push rod motor 24 is mounted on the base plate 27. The environmental chamber 26 is installed directly below the equipment base plate 27. The environmental chamber body is designed with an in-situ observation window 25, which is sealed to the environmental chamber 26 through a sealing ring. Multiple observation windows can be designed on the four sides of the chamber body as needed. The environmental chamber is designed with a gas regulating valve interface 22 and a vacuum interface 23.

[0076] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the sleeve-shaft offset feature in the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention is specifically as follows: the offset inner sleeve shaft 17 is inserted into the hollow offset outer sleeve shaft 18, and they are assembled together in an inner and outer nesting form. The offset inner sleeve shaft 17 is fixed to the upper loading crossbeam 10, and a force sensor 9 is installed on the top of the crossbeam. The offset outer sleeve shaft 18 is fixed to the lower loading crossbeam 11. The two nested shafts pass through the center hole of the lower fixing plate 16 and are offset below the entire transmission module.

[0077] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the sealing features of the transmission module in the offset-type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention are as follows: the offset inner sleeve shaft 17 is sealed by the sealing groove 32 and the force sensor 9; the force sensor 9 is sealed by the sealing groove 33 and the upper loading crossbeam 10; the upper loading crossbeam 10 and the lower loading crossbeam 11 are sealed by the top sealing groove 34 and the bottom sealing groove 35 of the first flange bellows; the lower loading crossbeam 11 and the fixed base plate 16 are sealed by the top sealing groove 36 and the bottom sealing groove 37 of the second flange bellows; and the fixed base plate 16 and the environmental chamber 26 are sealed by the top sealing groove 29 of the environmental chamber.

[0078] like Figure 7 As shown, the sample installation features of the loading module in the sleeve-shaft offset environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention are as follows: a groove is machined on the side of the end of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18, namely the offset outer sleeve shaft groove 40. After the sample lower clamp 21 is inserted into the core of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18 through the clamp groove 41, it is fixed upward by the clamp fixing thread 42 at the end of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18. After the sample upper clamp 19 is inserted into the core of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18 through the clamp groove 41, it is fixed upward by the clamp fixing thread 42 at the end of the offset inner sleeve shaft 17. The test sample 20 is fixed by being inserted into the sample slots of the upper and lower clamps through the offset outer sleeve shaft groove 40.

[0079] Specifically, the in-situ mechanical testing characteristics of the loading module are as follows: First, the push rod motor 24 installed on the base plate 27 lifts the lower fixed plate upwards until the offset outer sleeve groove 40 at the end of the offset outer sleeve shaft 18 is fully exposed. The drive motor then sequentially drives the gear set 5, the forward section 7 of the bidirectional lead screw, the reverse section 8 of the bidirectional lead screw, the upper loading crossbeam 10, and the lower loading gauge 11. The symmetrical and similar movements of the upper and lower loading crossbeams further drive the offset inner sleeve shaft 17 and the offset outer sleeve shaft 18, thereby adjusting the distance between the sample upper clamp 19 and the sample lower clamp 21, so that the test sample 20 can be smoothly inserted into the clamp slot 41. After the sample is installed, the push rod motor 24 retracts and presses the lower fixed plate 16 down onto the environmental chamber 26, and seals it through the sealing groove 29 on the top of the environmental chamber. Based on the transmission law during the sample installation process, the separation movement of the upper and lower loading beams drives the upper sample clamp 19 and the lower sample clamp 21 to synchronously stretch the test sample 20. During this process, the center position of the test sample 20 remains unchanged relative to the environmental chamber 26, thus achieving in-situ loading.

[0080] The environmental loading features are as follows: the interior of the environmental chamber 26 can be evacuated via the vacuum port 23, or different atmospheres such as inert, oxidizing, and reducing atmospheres can be introduced into the environmental chamber 26 via the gas regulating valve port 22, allowing the in-situ loading process to be carried out within a specific environmental chamber. The entire loading process is observed through a transparent in-situ observation window 25, which can be equipped with various instruments such as optical microscopes, laser confocal microscopes, and high-energy X-ray equipment. Furthermore, depending on the needs, the environmental chamber can also be a corrosive environment chamber containing a transparent medium, a high-temperature environment chamber with heating capabilities, or a low-temperature environment chamber with liquid nitrogen or liquid helium cooling capabilities. The aforementioned environmental chamber 26 can be flexibly replaced after the lower fixing plate 16 is lifted by the push rod motor 24.

[0081] like Figure 8 As shown, the environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device of the present invention has a sleeve shaft offset feature. When there is no liquid medium in the environmental chamber, the whole device can also be adjusted to a horizontal state for testing as needed.

[0082] For example, in-situ tensile tests of high-manganese steel under high vacuum conditions.

[0083] Start the push rod motor to push the lower fixed plate upward until the offset outer sleeve shaft slot is fully exposed in the vacuum environment chamber. Adjust the drive motor, gear set and transmission module to drive the sample clamps at the ends of the offset inner sleeve shaft and the offset outer sleeve shaft to move closer to each other. After placing the typical tensile sample in the clamp slot, adjust the drive motor again to make the sample in a micro-tensile clamping state. The micro-clamping force is set to 0.05kN.

[0084] Start the push rod motor to move the lower fixed plate downwards until the bottom surface of the lower fixed plate and the sealing ring in the sealing groove at the top of the vacuum environment chamber are completely in contact.

[0085] Open the vacuum port valve, and start the mechanical pump and molecular pump in sequence. When the pre-stage mechanical pump has evacuated the vacuum to below 60 Pa, start the molecular pump until the vacuum level in the vacuum chamber reaches 10 Pa. -3 Pa.

[0086] Start the in-situ tensile testing machine control software and set the tensile strain rate to 10. -3 s -1 During the stretching process, the microscopic deformation characteristics of the sample surface are recorded synchronously through the optical in-situ characterization system outside the in-situ observation window. After the sample breaks, the in-situ recording stops automatically.

[0087] Close the vacuum port valve, open the gas regulating valve port valve, introduce atmospheric air into the cavity until it reaches normal pressure, start the push rod motor until the sample clamping section is completely exposed, and then remove the sample.

[0088] For example, in-situ tensile tests of nickel-based superalloys under protected high-temperature conditions.

[0089] Start the push rod motor to push the lower fixed plate upward until the offset outer sleeve shaft slot is fully exposed in the vacuum environment chamber. Adjust the drive motor, gear set and transmission module to drive the sample clamps at the ends of the offset inner sleeve shaft and the offset outer sleeve shaft to move closer to each other. After placing the typical tensile sample in the clamp slot, adjust the drive motor again to make the sample in a micro-tensile clamping state. The micro-clamping force is set to 0.05kN.

[0090] Start the push rod motor to move the lower fixed plate downwards until the bottom surface of the lower fixed plate and the sealing ring in the sealing groove at the top of the vacuum environment chamber are completely in contact.

[0091] Open the vacuum port valve, thus starting the mechanical pump and molecular pump, eventually achieving a vacuum level of 10 in the chamber. -3 After Pa, close the vacuum port valve, open the gas regulating valve port and introduce high-purity argon into the environmental chamber. The pressure inside the environmental chamber is monitored by the gas pressure sensor and is in a slightly positive pressure state, with a pressure of 5 kPa.

[0092] Start the high-temperature environment chamber heating control software and, under protective atmosphere conditions, heat the sample in the high-temperature environment chamber to 850℃ at a rate of 100℃ / min. Hold the temperature for 10 minutes until the sample temperature is uniform. Then, start the in-situ tensile testing machine control software and set the tensile rate to 10. -3 s -1 During the stretching process, an external in-situ observation microscope was used to characterize the initiation and propagation of high-temperature cracks on the sample surface.

[0093] For example, in-situ stress corrosion tests on low-alloy steel in NaCl corrosive solution.

[0094] Start the push rod motor to push the lower fixed plate upward until the offset outer sleeve shaft slot is completely exposed in the corrosion environment chamber. Adjust the drive motor, gear set and transmission module to drive the sample clamps at the ends of the offset inner sleeve shaft and the offset outer sleeve shaft to move closer to each other. After placing a typical tensile sample in the clamp slot, tighten the sample again by driving the motor. The micro clamping force is set to 0.05kN.

[0095] Inject a transparent NaCl corrosion solution into the corrosion environment chamber up to the specified liquid level line, and start the push rod motor to move the lower fixed plate downwards, ensuring that the sample is completely immersed in the corrosion solution while ensuring that the bottom surface of the lower fixed plate and the sealing ring in the sealing groove at the top of the vacuum environment chamber are completely in contact.

[0096] The in-situ tensile testing machine control software was started, and the sample load was adjusted to a fixed value of 100 MPa using the constant stress control mode. The in-situ observation microscope outside the environmental chamber was adjusted, and the corrosion process at a specific location on the polished surface of the sample during stress corrosion was characterized through the in-situ observation window. In-situ timed photographs were taken using the microscope camera to record the preferential corrosion process of the low alloy steel along the grain boundaries.

[0097] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device, characterized in that, include: Drive motor, top plate, outer support column, motor mounting plate, gear set, upper mounting plate, bidirectional lead screw forward section, bidirectional lead screw reverse section, force sensor, upper loading crossbeam, lower loading crossbeam, lead screw nut, inner support column, first flange bellows, second flange bellows, lower mounting plate, offset inner sleeve shaft, offset outer sleeve shaft, sample upper clamp, test sample, sample lower clamp, gas regulating valve interface, vacuum interface, push rod motor, in-situ observation window, environmental chamber, and base plate; The top plate and the bottom plate are connected by the outer support column. The motor fixing plate, the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate, which can slide up and down along the outer support column, are sequentially installed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The drive motor and the gear set are installed on the motor fixing plate. The offset outer sleeve shaft and the offset inner sleeve shaft are respectively installed in a nested manner at the center of the lower loading crossbeam and the upper loading crossbeam; The bottom left and right sides of the lower fixed plate are connected to the shaft ends of the push rod motor; The forward section and the reverse section of the bidirectional lead screw are used as the core of power transmission. The upper loading beam and the lower loading beam are connected through the lead screw nut to realize motion conversion. The force sensor collects load data in real time, and the first flange bellows and the second flange bellows ensure sealing and isolation during the movement process; The offset-type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device includes: a transmission module, a loading module, an external support module, and an environmental chamber module; The transmission module includes: the drive motor, the motor mounting plate, the gear set, the forward section of the bidirectional lead screw, the reverse section of the bidirectional lead screw, the lead screw nut, the inner support column, the upper fixing plate, and the lower fixing plate; The loading module includes: the force sensor, the upper loading beam, the lower loading beam, the first flange bellows, the second flange bellows, the offset outer sleeve shaft, the offset inner sleeve shaft, the upper sample clamp, the lower sample clamp, and the test sample; The external support module includes: the top plate, the bottom plate, the external support column, and the push rod motor; The environmental chamber module includes: the environmental chamber, the in-situ observation window, the gas regulating valve interface, and the vacuum interface; The biased outer sleeve shaft and the biased inner sleeve shaft are assembled in a nested manner. The biased outer sleeve shaft and the biased inner sleeve shaft pass through the lower fixing plate to bias the loading module; During the loading process, by driving the forward section and the reverse section of the bidirectional lead screw, the upper loading crossbeam and the lower loading crossbeam respectively drive the offset inner sleeve shaft, the offset outer sleeve shaft, the sample upper clamp and the sample lower clamp to move in opposite synchronous directions, so as to realize the in-situ loading of the middle gauge length section of the test sample. The offset inner sleeve shaft is located between the upper loading crossbeam and the lower loading crossbeam; The first flange bellows with sealing rings at both ends is used to achieve structural sealing of the offset inner sleeve shaft; The offset outer sleeve shaft is located between the lower loading crossbeam and the lower fixing plate; The second flange bellows with sealing rings at both ends is used to achieve structural sealing of the offset outer sleeve shaft; The bottom surface of the lower fixing plate and the top of the environmental chamber are sealed by a sealing ring in the sealing groove at the top of the environmental chamber to achieve structural sealing of the environmental chamber. The biased outer shaft has a hollow structure; The biased outer sleeve shaft can pass through the biased inner sleeve shaft; The test sample is mounted on the bottom side of the biased outer sleeve shaft by machining a groove; When the test sample is installed, the transmission module and the loading module are lifted upward by the push rod motor at the bottom of the lower fixed plate; When the test sample is being tested, the push rod motor drives the lower fixing plate to descend, and the lower fixing plate is sealed to the top of the environmental chamber.

2. The sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional lead screw forward section, the bidirectional lead screw reverse section, and the transmission gear are connected; The motor drive gear is installed between the two transmission gears; The upper loading beam and the lower loading beam are installed between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate via a forward screw nut and a reverse screw nut, respectively, and the upper loading beam and the lower loading beam are located in the forward section and the reverse section of the bidirectional screw.

3. The sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in-situ observation window is sealed to the environmental chamber via a sealing ring at the top of the environmental chamber.

4. The sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force sensor is mounted on the top of the upper loading crossbeam; The force sensor is provided with structural rigid support through the inner support column; The first flange bellows is installed between the upper loading beam and the lower loading beam; The second flange bellows is installed between the lower loading beam and the lower fixing plate.

5. The sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four inner support columns are installed between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate.

6. The sleeve-shaft offset type environmental loading in-situ mechanical testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental chamber includes: a vacuum chamber, a high-temperature chamber, a low-temperature chamber, and an electrochemical chamber; The environmental chamber is installed directly below the lower fixed plate; The in-situ observation window, the gas regulating valve interface, and the vacuum interface are installed on the surface of the environmental chamber.

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