基于奇异值分解的轴承故障识别方法

By considering the characteristic frequencies and signal characteristics of typical components of the equipment in singular value decomposition, and selecting effective row vectors and singular values, the uncertainty problem in the construction of the Hankel matrix is ​​solved, and the accurate extraction and identification of bearing fault characteristic frequencies are realized.

CN121958963BActive Publication Date: 2026-07-17SHENYANG AEROSPACE UNIVERSITY

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
SHENYANG AEROSPACE UNIVERSITY
Filing Date
2025-12-31
Publication Date
2026-07-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing singular value decomposition methods lack consideration for bearing characteristics when constructing the Hankel matrix, leading to uncertainty in fault identification results and loss of weak fault information, as well as poor signal denoising performance.

Method used

The number of columns in the Hankel matrix is ​​determined based on the minimum characteristic frequencies of typical components of the equipment. Effective row vectors are selected using the periodicity, cyclic stationarity, and complexity indices of the signal, and effective singular values ​​are determined for signal reconstruction, thereby enhancing the extraction of fault characteristic frequencies.

Benefits of technology

It achieves effective noise reduction of signals and accurate extraction of fault characteristic frequencies, thereby improving the accuracy of bearing fault identification and real-time monitoring capabilities.

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种基于奇异值分解的轴承故障识别方法,包括:获取轴承的离散振动信号;构建所述振动信号的Hankel矩阵,矩阵的维度为,<且,为振动信号的长度,列数基于设备典型部件的最小特征频率确定;对矩阵进行奇异值分解;以信号的周期性强、循环平稳性强以及复杂性小为目标选择矩阵的有效行向量,基于所述有效行向量确定有效奇异值并基于所述有效奇异值进行信号重构;对所述重构信号进行谱分析并根据谱中突出的频率分量与轴承故障特征频率的关系进行轴承故障识别。该轴承故障识别方法,对信号进行降噪的同时,还可以增强信号的特征,更有利于轴承故障的准确判断。
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