A reconfigurable magnetic steel array magnetic water composite bearing test bench

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of water-lubricated bearings, and discloses a magnetic water composite bearing test bench with a reconfigurable magnetic steel array, which comprises a precision optical platform, a driving transmission assembly, a multi-dimensional load loading assembly and a measured magnetic water composite bearing assembly fixedly installed on the precision optical platform; the driving transmission assembly and the measured magnetic water composite bearing assembly are arranged along the same horizontal axis in sequence, the output end of the driving transmission assembly is connected with the intermediate diaphragm coupling through a flat key matching, the intermediate diaphragm coupling is connected with the propeller shaft of the measured magnetic water composite bearing assembly through a flat key matching, and the multi-dimensional load loading assembly is arranged directly above the measured magnetic water composite bearing assembly in spatial arrangement, and the loading output end is connected with the upper cross-section stator of the measured magnetic water composite bearing assembly through a servo cylinder connecting plate. The application has the following advantages: dual reconfiguration of magnetic circuit topology and micro air gap; real loading mode and accurate working condition simulation; convenient disassembly, maintenance and high experimental efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water-lubricated bearings and relates to a test bench for a magnetic-water composite bearing with a reconfigurable magnet array. Background Technology

[0002] Water-lubricated bearings, due to their use of water as a lubricating medium, offer significant advantages such as environmental friendliness, lack of pollution, flame retardancy, and low maintenance costs, leading to their widespread application in marine propulsion systems, hydroelectric generator sets, and marine military applications. However, because water has a low viscosity (only a fraction of that of oil), the hydrodynamic pressure effect of water-lubricated bearings is weak, resulting in a significantly lower load-bearing capacity compared to oil-lubricated bearings. Furthermore, under low-speed, heavy-load conditions, dry friction or boundary lubrication is highly likely to occur, leading to poor lubrication and direct contact between the bearing shell and the stern shaft, resulting in severe wear.

[0003] To improve the lubrication and load-bearing performance of water-lubricated bearings, existing technologies mainly focus on surface texturing of the bearing bushes, designing different types of guide grooves, and adopting multi-layer composite bearing bush structures. Currently, research on these improvement technologies is relatively mature, and the potential for further improvement is gradually reaching saturation. Building on this, permanent magnet water-lubricated bearings, as a novel structure for water-lubricated bearings, have attracted widespread attention from researchers. Their working mechanism utilizes the magnetic force generated by permanent magnets to provide auxiliary support to the stern shaft, thereby distributing some of the radial load and reducing direct contact between the journal and the bearing bush. Under the same conditions, this structure can effectively reduce the load on the water-lubricated bearing and improve the lubrication state during bearing bush movement.

[0004] Although permanent magnet water-lubricated bearings offer significantly improved load-bearing performance compared to traditional water-lubricated bearings, their operating mechanism involves complex multi-field coupling effects involving magneto-fluid-solid-thermal fields. Particularly during actual service, permanent magnets often experience "localized irreversible demagnetization" due to high temperatures, vibration, or seawater corrosion, leading to a deviation between the magnetic center and the geometric center and inducing complex nonlinear vibrations. Current theoretical research often assumes that all magnets have uniform properties and a uniform air gap. While studies have been conducted on macroscopic parameters such as magnetic force ratio and magnetic pole distribution sector angle, systematic experimental verification and quantitative analysis are lacking regarding the microscopic influence mechanisms of "non-uniform air gap distribution," "localized demagnetization failure," and "differences in the magnetic permeable medium between magnetic poles" on the distribution characteristics of the lubricating water film and the load-bearing capacity of water-lubricated bearings.

[0005] However, existing water-lubricated bearing test benches are insufficient to meet the needs of in-depth and systematic research on magnetic-water composite bearings in terms of magnetic field parameter configuration and experimental load conditions. Regarding magnetic field parameter configuration, the magnet units in traditional test benches are typically fixed using irreversible methods such as adhesive bonding, interference fit, or embedding, resulting in a permanent solidification of the magnetic circuit topology once assembled. More importantly, the magnet mounting positions in existing test benches are usually rigidly fixed, making it impossible to fine-tune the radial height of the magnetic poles without replacing the magnets. This means that it is impossible to investigate the microscopic coupling sensitivity of the "magnet air gap-water film thickness," nor can it physically simulate common fault conditions such as "local demagnetization" or "magnetic center offset" by changing the magnetic air gap in specific sectors. Furthermore, the gaps between magnets are usually voids or non-magnetic fillers, lacking the ability to actively reconstruct the magnetically conductive / magnetically shielding medium between magnetic poles, making it impossible to study the dynamic response of the magnetic focusing effect and magnetic shielding effect to the water film bearing capacity. In terms of experimental load conditions, traditional water-lubricated bearing test benches usually adopt a static loading mode in a single direction, such as gravity loading in the vertical direction combined with simple linear loading in the horizontal direction. The loading form is relatively simple and it is difficult to realistically simulate the complex stress conditions of ship stern shafts under actual working conditions (such as nonlinear radial disturbance, axial disturbance, eccentric excitation, and time-varying loads caused by fluid excitation). At the same time, large unidirectional loads are prone to causing unexpected effects such as journal offset and edge contact, affecting the authenticity and repeatability of experimental data.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a magnetic water composite bearing test bench that can accurately simulate the complex stress conditions of the stern shaft and support radial air gap fine-tuning and magnetic circuit medium reconstruction, so as to carry out full-parameter comparison experiments from normal working conditions to fault simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the limitations of existing water-lubricated bearing test benches, such as fixed magnetic field configuration parameters, lack of adjustment capability for microscopic air gaps and magnetic circuit media, difficulty in physically simulating local demagnetization, and inability to realistically simulate complex stern shaft stress conditions, this invention provides a magnetic-water composite bearing test bench with a reconfigurable magnet array that supports radial air gap fine-tuning and magnetic circuit media reconstruction. This test bench features a magnet array mounting unit and a magnetic-water composite bearing support stator, enabling non-destructive and rapid replacement of magnet units, array reconstruction, and independent adjustment of microscopic air gaps. This allows for systematic comparative tests on the same platform for different magnetic field configuration parameters, including magnetic force ratio, magnet distribution sector angle, magnetization direction, arrangement topology, and non-uniform air gap distribution. It also possesses the ability to simulate local demagnetization faults and study magnetization effects. Furthermore, combined with a specific loading and transmission system, it achieves accurate simulation of low-speed heavy-load and complex stress environments of the stern shaft under actual operating conditions.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention: A test bench for a reconfigurable magnet array-based magnetic-water composite bearing includes a precision optical platform, and a drive transmission assembly, a multi-dimensional load loading assembly, and a magnetic-water composite bearing assembly under test, all mounted and fixed on the precision optical platform. The drive transmission assembly and the magnetic-water composite bearing assembly under test are arranged sequentially along the same horizontal axis. The output end of the drive transmission assembly is connected to an intermediate diaphragm coupling via a key, and the intermediate diaphragm coupling is connected to the stern shaft of the magnetic-water composite bearing assembly under test via a key. The multi-dimensional load loading assembly is positioned directly above the magnetic-water composite bearing assembly under test, and its load output end is connected to the upper section stator of the magnetic-water composite bearing assembly under test via a servo electric cylinder connecting plate.

[0009] The drive transmission assembly includes a variable frequency drive motor, a reducer, a front diaphragm coupling, a torque sensor, an intermediate diaphragm coupling, a torque sensor support frame, and a variable frequency drive motor base. The output shaft of the variable frequency drive motor is connected to the input end of the reducer via a keyway. The output shaft of the reducer is connected to the input end of the front diaphragm coupling via a keyway. The output end of the front diaphragm coupling is connected to the input side of the torque sensor via a keyway. The output side of the torque sensor is connected to the input end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling via a keyway. The output end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling is connected to the stern shaft of the tested magnetic-water composite bearing assembly via a keyway. The variable frequency drive motor and the reducer are integrated and fixed on the variable frequency drive motor base. The variable frequency drive motor base is fixed on a precision optical platform. The torque sensor is connected to the torque sensor support frame, and the torque sensor support frame is fixed on the precision optical platform.

[0010] The multidimensional load loading assembly includes a first servo cylinder, a servo cylinder support frame, a spoke-type pressure sensor, a servo cylinder connecting plate, a servo cylinder gasket, and a second servo cylinder. The servo cylinder support frame is fixed on a precision optical platform, and the top of the servo cylinder support frame has symmetrically distributed mounting slopes, each with an inclination angle of 45° relative to the horizontal plane. The cylinder bodies of the first and second servo cylinders are respectively fixed on two 45° mounting slopes, and servo cylinder gaskets are provided between each cylinder body and the mounting slope. The cylinder body, servo cylinder gaskets, and mounting slopes are connected together. The output ends of the first and second servo cylinders are respectively connected to the tail ends of the spoke-type pressure sensors on the same side. The head ends of the spoke-type pressure sensors are respectively connected to the corresponding servo cylinder connecting plates. Both servo cylinder connecting plates are connected to the upper section stator of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly.

[0011] The tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly consists of a basic support module, a magnet array mounting unit, and a composite bearing module. The basic support module includes a bow-end support bearing housing, a stern-end support bearing housing, a stern-end bearing housing support frame, a magnetic-water composite bearing support frame, a bow-end bearing housing support frame, a water inlet, a flange end cover, a lip seal ring, a water outlet, a bow-end water film pressure sensor, a middle section water film pressure sensor, a stern-end water film pressure sensor, a stern-end temperature sensor, a middle section temperature sensor, a bow-end temperature sensor, a lower profile stator, an upper profile stator, and a U-shaped seal ring; the lower profile stator is connected to the top surface of the magnetic-water composite bearing support frame. The magnetic water composite bearing support frame is fixed on a precision optical platform; the upper and lower section stators are assembled along the horizontal mating surface to form a complete magnetic water composite bearing support stator; and the corresponding semi-circular annular grooves on the inner arc surfaces of the upper and lower section stators are connected to form a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator; the upper circumferential outer wall of the upper section stator is provided with a 45° inclined mounting slope, and the servo cylinder connecting plate is fixed on the mounting slope; flange end caps are respectively connected to both ends of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator. The inner end face of the flange end cover has an inner annular sealing groove and an outer annular sealing groove machined on its inner end face and outer axial boss, respectively. A U-shaped sealing ring and a lip sealing ring are press-fitted into the inner and outer annular sealing grooves using an interference fit. The water inlet passes through the upper section stator and is fixed to the inner wall of the rubber bearing. There are two water outlets, fixed to the flange end covers at both ends. The bottom plane of the lower section stator has three threaded holes evenly spaced along the axial direction, for the first-end water film pressure sensor, the middle section water film pressure sensor, and... The stern water film pressure sensor is fastened to the corresponding threaded hole through the external thread at the end of its probe; three optical holes are equidistantly opened along the axial direction on the side wall of the lower section stator, and the head end temperature sensor, the middle section temperature sensor and the stern end temperature sensor are directly pressed into the corresponding optical holes for fixation by interference fit; the head end bearing seat support frame and the stern end bearing seat support frame are fixed on the precision optical platform, and the head end support bearing seat and the stern end support bearing seat are fixed on the head end bearing seat support frame and the stern end bearing seat support frame, respectively.

[0012] The magnet array mounting unit includes an upper magnet unit partition, a lower magnet unit partition, a magnet unit base, and magnet units. The top surface of the magnet unit base has cross-shaped positioning slots. The lower magnet unit partition and the upper magnet unit partition are orthogonally inserted into each other and are fixedly embedded in the positioning slots of the magnet unit base, achieving relative connection and fixation between the upper magnet unit partition, the lower magnet unit partition, and the magnet unit base. The upper magnet unit partition, the lower magnet unit partition, and the magnet unit base are staggered to form four magnet unit mounting chambers. The four magnet units are respectively embedded and fixed in the four magnet unit mounting chambers, constituting a single, structurally complete magnet array mounting unit.

[0013] The composite bearing module includes a stern shaft, locating pins, a stainless steel optical shaft, a circumferential first magnet array mounting unit, a circumferential second magnet array mounting unit, a radial fourth magnet array mounting unit, a radial third magnet array mounting unit, a radial second magnet array mounting unit, and a rubber bearing bush. The rubber bearing bush is embedded in a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator, thereby achieving axial and circumferential positioning of the rubber bearing bush. The stern shaft, through clearance fit, assembles its intermediate shaft end into the inner hole of the rubber bearing bush. There are a total of 8 magnet array mounting units on the upper semicircle of the rubber bearing bush, arranged in a matrix in space, with 4 magnet array mounting units along the axial direction. The system consists of two axial array groups, symmetrically distributed with the vertical center plane of the rubber bearing as the reference. Within the same axial array group, two stainless steel optical shafts pass through the pre-set optical holes of the four magnet array mounting units in sequence, assembling them in series into a high-rigidity integral column, which is then embedded in the annular mounting cavity reserved between the inner wall of the upper section stator and the outer wall of the rubber bearing. The top shell of the upper section stator has multiple radial optical holes, and multiple positioning pins pass through the radial optical holes of the upper section stator and are inserted into the positioning blind holes at the top of each magnet unit base, achieving axial and circumferential rigid fixation of all magnet array mounting units inside the stator.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Dual reconstruction of magnetic circuit topology and micro air gap: Based on the split magnetic-water composite bearing supporting the stator and the modular magnetic steel array, this invention constructs a reconfigurable magnetic steel array structure, which simulates complex service faults such as local demagnetization of permanent magnets and magnetic center offset on the same test bench with high fidelity. This structure breaks the limitation of the solidified magnetic circuit of the traditional test bench, and provides a basis for revealing the "magnetic-fluid" multi-physics coupling mechanism and obtaining high-confidence dynamic characteristic data in the fault evolution process; (2) The loading method is realistic and the working condition simulation is accurate: The servo electric cylinder loading scheme with 45° symmetrical arrangement is adopted. Compared with the traditional single orthogonal horizontal and vertical loading, it can generate a more stable radial load through vector synthesis, accurately simulate the complex nonlinear disturbance and eccentric load of the ship's stern shaft under actual working conditions, effectively avoid the excessive journal deviation and edge effect caused by unidirectional loading, and improve the authenticity of experimental data. (3) Convenient disassembly and maintenance, and high experimental efficiency: The lifting and separation design of the stator supported by the magnetic water composite bearing and the modular disassembly structure of the magnetic steel unit make it possible to replace worn bearings or adjust the magnetic circuit without disassembling the main shaft and transmission system, which greatly shortens the experimental preparation cycle and reduces maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a magnetic water composite bearing test bench with a reconfigurable magnetic array according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-dimensional load loading component of a reconfigurable magnetic array magnetic water composite bearing test bench according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (assembly diagram) of the overall structure of the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test in the test bench of the reconfigurable magnetic array magnetic water composite bearing of the present invention. Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test in the test bench of the reconfigurable magnetic array of the present invention. Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the magnetic steel array mounting unit of the magnetic water composite bearing test bench with reconfigurable magnetic array according to the present invention. In the diagram: 1-Variable frequency drive motor; 2-Reducer; 3-Front end diaphragm coupling; 4-Torque sensor; 5-Intermediate diaphragm coupling; 6-Head end support bearing seat; 7-Stern shaft; 8-Stern end support bearing seat; 9-Precision optical platform; 10-Stern end bearing seat support frame; 11-Magnetic-water composite bearing support frame; 12-Head end bearing seat support frame; 13-Torque sensor support frame; 14-Variable frequency drive motor base; 15-First servo cylinder; 16-Servo cylinder support frame; 17-Spoke type pressure sensor; 18-Servo cylinder connecting plate; 19-Servo cylinder gasket; 20-Second servo cylinder; 21-Inlet; 22- - Flange end cap; 23- Lip seal ring; 24- Outlet; 25- Head end water film pressure sensor; 26- Middle section water film pressure sensor; 27- Stern end water film pressure sensor; 28- Stern end temperature sensor; 29- Middle section temperature sensor; 30- Head end temperature sensor; 31- Lower profile stator; 32- Upper profile stator; 33- Positioning pin; 34- Stainless steel optical shaft; 35- Circumferential first magnet array mounting unit; 36- Circumferential second magnet array mounting unit; 37- Radial fourth magnet array mounting unit; 38- Radial third magnet array mounting unit; 39- Radial second magnet array mounting unit; 40- U-shaped seal ring; 41- Rubber bearing; 42- Magnet unit; 43- Upper partition of magnet unit; 44- Lower partition of magnet unit; 45- Magnet unit base. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The invention will be further described below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings.

[0017] A test bench for a reconfigurable magnet array magnetic water composite bearing has the following overall structure: Figure 1As shown, the system includes a precision optical platform 9, and a drive transmission assembly, a multi-dimensional load loading assembly, and a tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly mounted and fixed on the precision optical platform 9. During assembly, the precision optical platform 9 serves as a supporting plane, and the variable frequency drive motor base 14, torque sensor support frame 13, front bearing seat support frame 12, stern bearing seat support frame 10, and magnetic water composite bearing support frame 11 are fastened together by bolts. This assembly method utilizes the high flatness of the precision optical platform 9 to provide an installation benchmark for the test bench and reduce the assembly error between the independent support components. The drive transmission assembly and the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly are arranged sequentially along the same horizontal axis. The output end of the drive transmission assembly is connected to the intermediate diaphragm coupling 5 via a flat key. The intermediate diaphragm coupling 5 is connected to the stern shaft 7 of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly via a flat key. The multi-dimensional load loading assembly is positioned directly above the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly in the spatial arrangement, and its loading output end is connected to the upper section stator 32 of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly via a servo electric cylinder connecting plate 18.

[0018] The drive transmission assembly includes a variable frequency drive motor 1, a reducer 2, a front diaphragm coupling 3, a torque sensor 4, an intermediate diaphragm coupling 5, a torque sensor support frame 13, and a variable frequency drive motor base 14. The output shaft of the variable frequency drive motor 1 is connected to the input end of the reducer 2 via a keyway. The output shaft of the reducer 2 is connected to the input end of the front diaphragm coupling 3 via a keyway. The output end of the front diaphragm coupling 3 is connected to the input side of the torque sensor 4 via a keyway. The output side of the torque sensor 4 is connected to the input end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling 5 via a keyway. The output end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling 5 is connected to the stern shaft 7 of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly via a keyway. The variable frequency drive motor 1 and the reducer 2 are fixed as a whole on the variable frequency drive motor base 14. The variable frequency drive motor base 14 is fixed on the precision optical platform 9. The torque sensor 4 is connected to the torque sensor support frame 13, and the torque sensor support frame 13 is fixed on the precision optical platform 9. By configuring a front diaphragm coupling 3 and an intermediate diaphragm coupling 5 on the input and output sides of the torque sensor 4, the elastic flexural deformation characteristics of the diaphragm coupling under load are utilized to compensate for radial, angular, and axial displacement deviations caused by assembly errors and operational vibrations.

[0019] The multidimensional load loading assembly includes a first servo cylinder 15, a servo cylinder support frame 16, a spoke-type pressure sensor 17, a servo cylinder connecting plate 18, a servo cylinder gasket 19, and a second servo cylinder 20. The servo cylinder support frame 16 is fixed on a precision optical platform 9. The top of the servo cylinder support frame 16 has symmetrically distributed mounting slopes, each with an inclination angle of 45° relative to the horizontal plane. The cylinder bodies of the first servo cylinder 15 and the second servo cylinder 20 are respectively fixed on two 45° mounting slopes. Servo cylinder gaskets 19 are provided between each cylinder body and the mounting slope. The cylinder body, the servo cylinder gasket 19, and the mounting slope are connected. The output ends of the first servo cylinder 15 and the second servo cylinder 20 are respectively connected to the tail end of the spoke-type pressure sensor 17 on the same side. The head end of the spoke-type pressure sensor 17 is respectively connected to the corresponding servo cylinder connecting plate 18. Both servo cylinder connecting plates 18 are connected to the upper section stator 32 of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly.

[0020] To handle the multidimensional load during the experiment, the drive push rods of the first servo cylinder 15 and the second servo cylinder 20 output static thrust or low-frequency alternating thrust along their own cylinder extension axes (the two sets of extension axes are V-shaped and orthogonal). F 1 and F 2 ; F 1 and F 2 The force is transmitted sequentially through the spoke-type pressure sensor 17 and the servo cylinder connecting plate 18, along the central line of action to the outer wall force point of the stator 32 on the upper section of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly. During this process, the spoke-type pressure sensor 17 is used to collect and record the load force in real time during the loading process, thereby determining the load condition of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly.

[0021] Based on the vector composition theorem of orthogonal force systems, the thrust forms a V-shaped orthogonal intersection. F 1 and F 2 Vector superposition is performed at the stress points on the outer wall of the stator. This is achieved through independent control. F 1 and F 2 The output amplitude and its loading frequency, F 1 and F 2The components of force in the horizontal and vertical directions will generate dynamic coupling, and then synthesize a vector resultant force with continuously variable magnitude and multidimensional controllable direction in the radial plane of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly. This allows for the equivalent reproduction on the test bench of the eccentric load and low-frequency alternating force experienced by the stern shaft of a ship under conditions such as wave disturbance or propeller eccentric vibration.

[0022] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly consists of a base support module, a magnet array mounting unit, and a composite bearing module. The basic support module includes a front end support bearing seat 6, a stern end support bearing seat 8, a stern end bearing seat support frame 10, a magnetic water composite bearing support frame 11, a front end bearing seat support frame 12, a water inlet 21, a flange end cover 22, a lip seal ring 23, a water outlet 24, a front end water film pressure sensor 25, a middle section water film pressure sensor 26, a stern end water film pressure sensor 27, a stern end temperature sensor 28, a middle section temperature sensor 29, a front end temperature sensor 30, a lower profile stator 31, an upper profile stator 32, and a U-shaped seal ring 40; the lower profile stator 31 and the magnetic water composite bearing support frame 11... The top surface of the magnetic water composite bearing support frame 11 is connected, and the magnetic water composite bearing support frame 11 is fixed on the precision optical platform 9; the upper section stator 32 and the lower section stator 31 are assembled along the horizontal mating surface to form a complete magnetic water composite bearing support stator; and the corresponding semi-circular annular grooves on the inner arc surfaces of the upper section stator 32 and the lower section stator 31 are connected to form a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator; the upper circumferential outer wall of the upper section stator 32 is provided with a 45° inclined mounting slope, and the servo electric cylinder connecting plate 18 is fixed on the mounting slope; the two ends of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator are respectively connected to the following: The flange end cap 22 has an inner annular sealing groove and an outer annular sealing groove machined on its inner end hole wall and outer axial boss, respectively. The U-shaped sealing ring 40 and the lip sealing ring 23 are press-fitted into the inner annular sealing groove and the outer annular sealing groove, respectively, by interference fit. The water inlet 21 passes through the upper section stator 32 and is fixed to the inner wall of the rubber bearing 41. There are two water outlets 24, which are fixed to the flange end caps 22 at both ends, respectively. The bottom plane of the lower section stator 31 has three threaded holes at equal intervals along the axial direction. The first end water film pressure sensor 25 and the middle section water film pressure sensor are located at the bottom. The 26 and stern water film pressure sensors 27 are respectively fastened to the corresponding threaded holes by the external threads at the probe ends; the side wall of the lower section stator 31 is provided with three optical holes equidistantly along the axial direction, and the head end temperature sensor 30, the middle section temperature sensor 29 and the stern end temperature sensor 28 are directly pressed into the corresponding optical holes for fixation by interference fit; the head end bearing seat support frame 12 and the stern end bearing seat support frame 10 are fixed on the precision optical platform 9, and the head end support bearing seat 6 and the stern end support bearing seat 8 are respectively fixed on the head end bearing seat support frame 12 and the stern end bearing seat support frame 10.

[0023] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the magnet array mounting unit includes an upper magnet unit partition 43, a lower magnet unit partition 44, a magnet unit base 45, and magnet units 42. The top surface of the magnet unit base 45 has cross-shaped positioning slots. The lower magnet unit partition 44 and the upper magnet unit partition 43 are orthogonally inserted into each other and are fixedly embedded in the positioning slots of the magnet unit base 45, achieving relative connection and fixation between the upper magnet unit partition 43, the lower magnet unit partition 44, and the magnet unit base 45. The upper magnet unit partition 43, the lower magnet unit partition 44, and the magnet unit base 45 are staggered to form four magnet unit mounting chambers. Four magnet units 42 are respectively embedded and fixed in the four magnet unit mounting chambers, forming a single, structurally complete magnet array mounting unit. During experiments adjusting different magnetic field parameters, the magnetic resistance distribution of the local magnetic circuit can be changed by replacing the upper and lower partitions with materials of different magnetic permeability (pure iron material is used as the magnetic conduction channel, or aluminum-based material is used as the magnetic shield). This design physically constrains the convergence and divergence of spatial magnetic field lines, thereby achieving local magnetic field strengthening or leakage magnetic shielding and isolation on the experimental platform.

[0024] The composite bearing module includes a stern shaft 7, a positioning pin 33, a stainless steel optical shaft 34, a circumferential first magnet array mounting unit 35, a circumferential second magnet array mounting unit 36, a radial fourth magnet array mounting unit 37, a radial third magnet array mounting unit 38, a radial second magnet array mounting unit 39, and a rubber bearing bush 41. The rubber bearing bush 41 is embedded in a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator, thereby achieving axial and circumferential positioning of the rubber bearing bush 41. The stern shaft 7 is fitted with its intermediate shaft end into the inner hole of the rubber bearing bush 41 through clearance fit. There are a total of 8 magnet array mounting units on the upper semicircle of the rubber bearing bush 41, which are arranged in a matrix in space, with 4 magnet arrays along the axial direction. The mounting unit is arranged in a row, with a total of two axial array groups. The two axial array groups are symmetrically distributed from left to right with the vertical center plane of the rubber bearing 41 as the reference. Within the same axial array group, two stainless steel optical shafts 34 pass through the preset optical holes of the four magnet array mounting units in the group in sequence, and assemble them in series into a high-rigidity integral column, which is embedded in the annular mounting cavity reserved between the inner wall of the upper section stator 32 and the outer wall of the rubber bearing 41. Multiple radial optical holes are opened on the top shell of the upper section stator 32, and multiple positioning pins 33 pass through the radial optical holes of the upper section stator 32 and are inserted into the positioning blind holes at the upper end of the base 45 of each magnet unit, so as to realize the axial and circumferential rigid fixation of all magnet array mounting units inside the stator.

[0025] A mechanical lifting structure is designed at the mating surface of the upper section stator 32 and the lower section stator 31. During the stator disassembly and separation process, the corresponding lifting bolt is screwed into the screw hole of the lower section stator 31. The axial lifting force generated by the rotational feed of the threaded pair overcomes the magnetic attraction force generated by the internal magnet array, thereby lifting the upper section stator 32 and realizing the separation of the stator supported by the magnetic water composite bearing. Each magnet unit base 45 is provided with a guide ejection threaded hole in the radial direction. When it is necessary to reconstruct or replace the magnet, stainless steel is used to push the magnet unit 42 out of the magnet unit installation chamber through the guide ejection threaded hole.

[0026] During the experiment of the tested magnetic-water composite bearing assembly, data acquisition was completed collaboratively by torque sensor 4, head water film pressure sensor 25, middle section water film pressure sensor 26, stern water film pressure sensor 27, stern temperature sensor 28, middle section temperature sensor 29, and head temperature sensor 30. Among them, head water film pressure sensor 25, middle section water film pressure sensor 26, and stern water film pressure sensor 27 radially penetrate the lower section stator 31 and are threadedly connected to the rubber bearing bush 41, thereby reconstructing the three-dimensional dynamic pressure distribution of the water film within the sensor measurement range in real time on the experimental bench. At the same time, stern temperature sensor 28, middle section temperature sensor 29, and head temperature sensor 30 synchronously collected and recorded the temperature rise gradient and thermal evolution law of the lubricating medium and bearing bush body under different magnetic field reconstruction parameters. Torque sensor 4 collected the system friction torque values ​​under the condition of no magnetic field and under the condition of specific magnetic field parameters, and compared the difference between the two and the stern shaft self-weight. G journal r Through formula The equivalent friction coefficient is calculated, and then the influence of different magnetic field configuration parameters on the equivalent friction coefficient is determined.

[0027] The experimental setup is configured to reconstruct the magnetic field parameters and perform specific steps for system comparison experiments: 1. Loosen the bolts between the servo electric cylinder connecting plate 18 and the upper section stator 32 to release the external load constraint, and remove the locating pin 33 at the top of the upper section stator 32; use the mechanical lifting screw holes at the mating surfaces of the upper section stator 32 and the lower section stator 31 to screw in the corresponding lifting bolts, and use the axial lifting force generated by the rotational feed of the threaded pair to overcome the magnetic force generated by the internal magnet array, thereby lifting and separating the upper section stator 32; 2. Remove the stainless steel optical shaft 34, separate each magnet array mounting unit one by one, and insert the stainless steel optical shaft 34 through the guide ejection threaded hole at the bottom of the magnet unit base 45 to push out the magnet unit 42 against the magnetic force. Then, perform multi-dimensional magnetic field parameter reconstruction: For the radial air gap reconstruction of the magnet unit 42, based on the pitch parameter of the adjusting bolt, set the extension height of the adjusting bolt through the guide ejection thread of the magnet unit base 45, and place a precision adjusting shim with an equivalent extension height at the bottom of the slot to achieve independent adjustment of the working air gap of a single magnet unit 42, thereby reproducing conditions such as local demagnetization or magnetic center offset on the experimental bench; for the magnetic circuit topology reconstruction, in the positioning slot of the magnet unit base 45, according to the experimental parameter configuration, replace the mounting plates with materials of different magnetic permeability. The upper partition 43 and lower partition 44 of the magnet unit achieve magnetic enhancement or leakage shielding of the magnetic field waveform by changing the local magnetic circuit magnetic resistance. For the magnetic field strength and the direction of maximum magnetic force, the magnet unit 42 with the selected magnetization direction and residual magnetic flux density parameters is reinstalled into the magnet unit mounting chamber. After reconstruction, each magnet array mounting unit is sequentially reinstalled into the magnet unit mounting chamber reserved on the outer wall of the upper semicircle of the rubber bearing 41, and the stainless steel optical shaft 34 is inserted. Then, the upper section stator 32 is fastened and the positioning pin 33 is inserted to achieve positioning.

[0028] 3. Start the servo drive motor and the servo electric cylinder of the multi-dimensional load loading component, and set the target speed (0-500 r / min) and output load (static load: Dynamic load: This test simulates the low-speed, heavy-load operation of a ship's stern shaft under complex sea conditions. Real-time synchronous acquisition of physical data such as the three-dimensional pressure distribution of the water film, the temperature rise gradient of the lubricating medium, and frictional torque under a specific magnetic field configuration is conducted. This test data not only reflects the current lubrication film state of the bearing but is also used to calculate the dynamic characteristic parameters of the water-lubricated bearing over an extremely wide eccentricity range. While maintaining the overall structure of the test bench and the external environmental parameters unchanged, multiple rounds of comparative experiments are conducted by sequentially changing variables such as air gap distribution, magnetic load ratio, and magnetic circuit topology. Finally, the influence of multi-dimensional magnetic field parameters on lubrication characteristics is analyzed, achieving in-depth verification and positive optimization design of the comprehensive load-bearing performance of the magnetic-water composite bearing.

Claims

1. A test bench for a reconfigurable magnet array magnetic-water composite bearing, characterized in that, The test bench for the reconfigurable magnet array magnetic water composite bearing includes a precision optical platform (9), and a drive transmission assembly, a multidimensional load loading assembly, and a magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test, which are mounted and fixed on the precision optical platform (9). The drive transmission assembly and the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test are arranged sequentially along the same horizontal axis. The output end of the drive transmission assembly is connected to the intermediate diaphragm coupling (5) through a flat key. The intermediate diaphragm coupling (5) is connected to the stern shaft (7) of the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test through a flat key. The multidimensional load loading assembly is arranged directly above the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test in spatial arrangement. Its load output end is connected to the upper section stator (32) of the magnetic water composite bearing assembly under test through a servo electric cylinder connecting plate (18). The tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly consists of a basic support module, a magnet array mounting unit, and a composite bearing module. The magnet array mounting unit includes an upper magnet unit partition (43), a lower magnet unit partition (44), a magnet unit base (45), and magnet units (42). The top surface of the magnet unit base (45) has a cross-shaped positioning slot. The lower magnet unit partition (44) and the upper magnet unit partition (43) are orthogonally inserted into each other and are fixedly embedded in the positioning slot of the magnet unit base (45), thus achieving relative connection and fixation of the upper magnet unit partition (43), the lower magnet unit partition (44), and the magnet unit base (45). The four magnetic steel unit installation chambers are interwoven to form four magnetic steel unit installation chambers. The four magnetic steel units (42) are respectively embedded and fixed in the four magnetic steel unit installation chambers to form a single complete magnetic steel array installation unit. In the process of adjusting different magnetic field parameters, the magnetic resistance distribution of the local magnetic circuit can be changed by replacing the upper and lower partitions with different magnetic permeability materials. For the radial air gap reconstruction of the magnetic steel unit (42), based on the pitch parameter of the adjusting bolt, the extension height of the adjusting bolt is set by the guide ejection hole thread of the magnetic steel unit base (45), and a precision adjusting shim with an equivalent extension height is placed at the bottom of the groove to realize the independent adjustment of the working air gap of a single magnetic steel unit (42). The composite bearing module includes a stern shaft (7), a positioning pin (33), a stainless steel optical shaft (34), a circumferential first magnet array mounting unit (35), a circumferential second magnet array mounting unit (36), a radial fourth magnet array mounting unit (37), a radial third magnet array mounting unit (38), a radial second magnet array mounting unit (39), and a rubber bearing bush (41). The rubber bearing bush (41) is embedded in a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator, thereby achieving axial and circumferential positioning of the rubber bearing bush (41). The stern shaft (7) is fitted with its intermediate shaft end into the inner hole of the rubber bearing bush (41) through clearance fit. There are a total of 8 magnet array mounting units on the upper semicircle of the rubber bearing bush (41), which are arranged in a matrix in space, and each along the axial direction... Four magnet array mounting units are arranged in a row, forming two axial array groups. The two axial array groups are symmetrically distributed with the vertical center plane of the rubber bearing (41) as the reference. Within the same axial array group, two stainless steel optical shafts (34) pass through the preset optical holes of the four magnet array mounting units in sequence, assembling them in series into a high-rigidity integral column, which is embedded in the annular mounting cavity reserved between the inner wall of the upper section stator (32) and the outer wall of the rubber bearing (41). Multiple radial optical holes are opened on the top shell of the upper section stator (32), and multiple positioning pins (33) pass through the radial optical holes of the upper section stator (32) and are inserted into the positioning blind hole at the top of each magnet unit base (45), so as to achieve axial and circumferential rigid fixation of all magnet array mounting units inside the stator.

2. The test bench for a reconfigurable magnet array magnetic-water composite bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive transmission assembly includes a variable frequency drive motor (1), a reducer (2), a front diaphragm coupling (3), a torque sensor (4), an intermediate diaphragm coupling (5), a torque sensor support frame (13), and a variable frequency drive motor base (14). The output shaft of the variable frequency drive motor (1) is connected to the input end of the reducer (2) via a keyway. The output shaft of the reducer (2) is connected to the input end of the front diaphragm coupling (3) via a keyway. The output end of the front diaphragm coupling (3) is connected to the input side of the torque sensor (4) via a keyway. The output side of the torque sensor (4) is connected to the input end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling (5) via a key, and the output end of the intermediate diaphragm coupling (5) is connected to the stern shaft (7) of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly via a key; the variable frequency drive motor (1) and the reducer (2) are fixed as a whole on the variable frequency drive motor base (14), the variable frequency drive motor base (14) is fixed on the precision optical platform (9), the torque sensor (4) is connected to the torque sensor support frame (13), and the torque sensor support frame (13) is fixed on the precision optical platform (9).

3. The test bench for a reconfigurable magnet array magnetic-water composite bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multidimensional load loading assembly includes a first servo cylinder (15), a servo cylinder support frame (16), a spoke-type pressure sensor (17), a servo cylinder connecting plate (18), a servo cylinder gasket (19), and a second servo cylinder (20). The servo cylinder support frame (16) is fixed on a precision optical platform (9), and the top of the servo cylinder support frame (16) has symmetrically distributed mounting slopes with an inclination angle of 45° relative to the horizontal plane. The cylinder bodies of the first servo cylinder (15) and the second servo cylinder (20) are respectively fixed on two... On the 45° mounting slope, servo cylinder gaskets (19) are provided between each cylinder body and the mounting slope. The cylinder body, servo cylinder gaskets (19) and the mounting slope are connected. The output ends of the first servo cylinder (15) and the second servo cylinder (20) are respectively connected to the tail end of the spoke-type pressure sensor (17) on the same side. The head end of the spoke-type pressure sensor (17) is respectively connected to the corresponding servo cylinder connecting plate (18). Both servo cylinder connecting plates (18) are connected to the upper section stator (32) of the tested magnetic water composite bearing assembly.

4. The test bench for a magnetic-water composite bearing with a reconfigurable magnet array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic support module includes a front end support bearing seat (6), a stern end support bearing seat (8), a stern end bearing seat support frame (10), a magnetic water composite bearing support frame (11), a front end bearing seat support frame (12), an inlet (21), a flange end cover (22), a lip seal ring (23), an outlet (24), a front end water film pressure sensor (25), a middle section water film pressure sensor (26), a stern end water film pressure sensor (27), a stern end temperature sensor (28), a middle section temperature sensor (29), a front end temperature sensor (30), a lower profile stator (31), an upper profile stator (32), and a U-shaped seal ring (40); The top surface of the cross-section stator (31) is connected to the magnetic water composite bearing support frame (11), and the magnetic water composite bearing support frame (11) is fixed on the precision optical platform (9); the upper cross-section stator (32) and the lower cross-section stator (31) are assembled along the horizontal mating surface to form a complete magnetic water composite bearing support stator; and the corresponding semi-circular annular grooves on the inner arc surface of the upper cross-section stator (32) and the lower cross-section stator (31) are connected to form a mating groove in the inner cavity of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator; the upper circumferential outer wall of the upper cross-section stator (32) is provided with an installation inclined surface at a 45° angle, and the servo electric cylinder connecting plate (18) is fixed on the installation inclined surface; the two end faces of the magnetic water composite bearing support stator are respectively The flange end cover (22) is connected. The inner end hole wall and the outer axial boss of the flange end cover (22) are respectively machined with an inner annular sealing groove and an outer annular sealing groove. The U-shaped sealing ring (40) and the lip sealing ring (23) are respectively press-fitted into the inner annular sealing groove and the outer annular sealing groove by interference fit. The water inlet (21) passes through the upper section stator (32) and is fixed on the inner wall of the rubber bearing (41). There are two water outlets (24), which are fixed on the flange end covers (22) at both ends respectively. The bottom plane of the lower section stator (31) has three threaded holes at equal intervals along the axial direction. The first end water film pressure sensor (25) and the middle section water film pressure sensor are connected. (26) and the stern water film pressure sensor (27) are respectively fastened to the corresponding threaded holes by the external threads at the probe ends; the side wall of the lower profile stator (31) is provided with three optical holes at equal intervals along the axial direction, and the head end temperature sensor (30), the middle section temperature sensor (29) and the stern end temperature sensor (28) are directly pressed into the corresponding optical holes by interference fit to achieve fixation; the head end bearing seat support frame (12) and the stern end bearing seat support frame (10) are fixed on the precision optical platform (9), and the head end support bearing seat (6) and the stern end support bearing seat (8) are respectively fixed on the head end bearing seat support frame (12) and the stern end bearing seat support frame (10).

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