A method for hydrogeological fine exploration and water source quantitative tracing in gobi desert mining area

Abstract

The present application is suitable for the technical field of mine safety and water resource protection, and provides a method for hydrogeological fine exploration and quantitative tracing of water sources in a gobi desert mining area, which comprises the following steps: a multi-source data collaborative acquisition step; a water chemistry and isotope fingerprint atlas construction step; a three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step; and an end member mixing model construction and quantitative analysis of water supply step. The present application has the beneficial effects of: fusing multi-source exploration soft and hard data, overcoming the multi-solution nature of single exploration means, achieving three-dimensional hydrogeological fine depiction; and relying on multi-dimensional mass balance and nonlinear optimization algorithms, the traditional qualitative identification is crossed to multi-end member accurate quantitative analysis, thereby providing reliable support for targeted prevention and control of water disasters and water conservation mining in a desert mining area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine safety and water resource protection technology, and in particular relates to a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative source tracing of water sources in Gobi desert mining areas. Background Technology

[0002] Mining areas in the Gobi Desert of western my country are generally characterized by scarce rainfall, intense evaporation, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, and weak ecological restoration capabilities. Their groundwater systems are extremely sensitive to geological structures and mining disturbances. During the mining of resources such as coal, the development of water-conducting channels and mining-induced fractures can easily alter the hydraulic connections between aquifers, not only easily inducing major water hazards such as mine water inrush and water accumulation in old workings, but also often leading to a continuous decline in groundwater levels and regional ecological degradation.

[0003] Therefore, accurately identifying the hydrogeological structure of mining areas and conducting detailed exploration and reliable analysis of groundwater recharge sources and their contribution ratios are prerequisites for achieving water-conserving coal mining and ecological protection in desert mining areas. Existing hydrogeological exploration methods mainly rely on geophysical exploration, drilling, and water injection tests, or routine analysis through basic hydrological dynamic observations such as water level, water quantity, and water quality.

[0004] Existing hydrogeological exploration and water source analysis methods suffer from technical deficiencies in the dispersed interpretation of single-source data. Specifically, the inversion results of a single geophysical method under highly heterogeneous and complex media conditions exhibit strong non-uniqueness. Traditional drilling verification is costly and has a scattered distribution of data points, making it difficult to form continuous and effective constraints on large-scale three-dimensional spatial structures. Furthermore, when facing complex mixed water inrush scenarios caused by mining disturbances involving multiple aquifers, existing technologies, such as traditional end-member mixing models, can only achieve simple quantitative analysis of two end-members. They lack a quantitative analysis mechanism that integrates multimodal data such as geophysical exploration, drilling, and hydrochemical isotopes within a unified framework. This makes it impossible to systematically clarify the recharge-runoff-discharge relationship, often remaining at the qualitative discrimination level. Consequently, the determination of aquifer boundaries and the calculation of the contribution ratio of end-member recharge to mixed water bodies have significant uncertainties, making it difficult to meet the reliable decision-making needs for precise prevention and control of mine water hazards and protective exploitation of water resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas. The method includes: a multi-source data collaborative acquisition step: acquiring large-scale geophysical exploration data, targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data of the target Gobi desert mining area, as well as three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network data covering surface water, aquifers, and mine water inflow points in the mining area, including water level, water volume and basic hydrochemical indicators.

[0007] The steps for constructing a hydrochemical and isotopic fingerprint spectrum are as follows: Representative water samples covering the entire hydrological cycle are collected in the target Gobi Desert mining area. The representative water samples include water samples from the target mixed water body to be analyzed. Hydrochemical ion and environmental isotope synergistic testing is performed on the representative water samples. Hydrochemical and isotopic analysis charts are used to reveal the main geochemical processes and recharge conditions, and a hydrochemical isotopic fingerprint spectrum is constructed.

[0008] The three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion steps are as follows: A three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid is established, and the hard data converted from the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data and the soft constraints converted from the large-scale geophysical exploration data are fused using the co-kriging algorithm to construct a high-precision spatial three-dimensional heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field. Based on the law of conservation of mass and Darcy's law, as well as the high-precision spatial three-dimensional heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field, a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model is established, and the four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics are output.

[0009] The steps for constructing the end-member mixing model and quantitatively analyzing the water source replenishment are as follows: Based on the water chemical isotope fingerprint spectrum, characteristic parameters exhibiting conservative behavior and independent replenishment end-members are selected. A multidimensional mass balance end-member mixing model is established based on water conservation and tracer mass conservation. A nonlinear global optimization objective function is constructed and iterative optimization is performed to solve the quantitative replenishment ratio of each independent replenishment end-member in the target mixed water sample.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, in the multi-source data collaborative acquisition step: the geophysical exploration data is acquired through ground transient electromagnetic method and high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration; the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data include lithological characteristics, aquifer elevation and permeability coefficient; the representative water samples include at least surface water, shallow Quaternary unconfined water, bedrock fissure water in the main coal seam roof and floor, and old goaf water in the goaf area.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in the step of constructing the hydrochemical and isotopic fingerprint spectrum: the hydrochemical and isotopic analysis chart includes a Piper triline diagram, a Gibbs diagram, and a hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagram; wherein, the hydrochemical type fingerprint is formed by the Piper triline diagram, the rock weathering and water-rock interaction mechanism is identified by the Gibbs diagram, and the degree of water evaporation concentration and renewal rate are determined by the hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagram combined with tritium isotope indices.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, in the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step, when using the co-kriging algorithm to fuse the hard data and the soft constraints, for the points to be estimated within the three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid... Permeability coefficient estimate at [location] Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, For the first in the search field Hard data obtained from a number of actual measurement points For the first in the search field Soft constraint data extracted at each grid node , These are the weighting coefficients for the hard data and the soft constraint data, respectively. These represent the number of hard data points and the number of soft constraint data points within the search ellipsoid, respectively.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, in the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step, the partial differential control equation corresponding to the three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model is as follows: In the formula, The head function varies with spatial coordinates and time. These are the permeability coefficient tensors for the three main directions. For the source and sink terms of a unit volume of hydrogeological body, For water storage rate, It is a time variable.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, in the steps of constructing the end-member hybrid model and analyzing the water source replenishment given quantity, the established multidimensional mass balance end-member hybrid model and its nonlinear global optimization objective function are composed of the following set of equations, and the sequential quadratic programming method is used for iterative optimization when solving the problem.

[0015] Water conservation equation: .

[0016] Tracer mass conservation equation: .

[0017] Standardized nonlinear optimization objective function: In the formula, The total number of the independent supply end-users, The total number of independent natural tracers involved in the calculation. For the first The volume percentage of each independent supply end-unit in the target mixed water sample. For the first The first of the independent supply terminal The concentration of a single natural tracer, The first water sample in the target mixed water body The concentration of a single natural tracer, For the first In the first end-member water body The total concentration of carrier elements corresponding to the ratio of isotopes For the first In the first end-member water body Measured values ​​of isotope ratios For the target mixed water body, the first Measured values ​​of isotope ratios.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method further includes the following steps: water hazard risk assessment and monitoring dynamic optimization step: combining the four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics and the quantitative replenishment ratio of each of the independent replenishment end-units in the target mixed water sample, determining the location of the hydraulic connection channel that causes water inrush in the target Gobi desert mining area, and dynamically updating the distribution of monitoring nodes of the three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network based on the determination results.

[0019] This invention provides a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas. It integrates multi-source exploration data (both hard and soft) to overcome the ambiguity of single exploration methods and achieve detailed three-dimensional hydrogeological characterization. Furthermore, relying on multi-dimensional mass balance and nonlinear optimization algorithms, it transforms traditional qualitative identification into precise quantitative analysis using multiple endpoints, thereby providing reliable support for targeted water hazard prevention and water-conserving mining in desert mining areas. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is the main flowchart of a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of hydrochemical fingerprinting based on Piper triline diagram in a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the quantitative analysis of mine water supply sources using an isotope mixing model in a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas, which solves the technical problems in the background art.

[0026] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a main flowchart of a method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: multi-source data collaborative acquisition step S1: acquiring large-scale geophysical exploration data, targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data of the target Gobi desert mining area, and three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network data including water level, water volume and basic hydrochemical indicators.

[0027] Step S2: Collect representative water samples covering the entire hydrological cycle path in the target Gobi Desert mining area. The representative water samples include water samples from the target mixed water body to be analyzed. Perform hydrochemical ion and environmental isotope synergistic testing on the representative water samples, and use hydrochemical and isotope analysis charts to reveal the main geochemical processes and recharge conditions, and construct a hydrochemical isotope fingerprint spectrum.

[0028] Step S3 of 3D geological modeling and information fusion: Establish a 3D spatial simulation domain grid, use the co-kriging algorithm to fuse hard data converted from the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data, and soft constraints converted from the large-scale geophysical exploration data, to construct a high-precision spatial 3D heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field, and establish a 3D transient groundwater flow model based on mass conservation, Darcy's law and the high-precision spatial 3D heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field, and output four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics.

[0029] Step S4: Based on the water chemical isotope fingerprint spectrum, select the characteristic parameters and independent replenishment end-members that exhibit conservative behavior. Establish a multidimensional mass balance end-member mixing model according to the water conservation and tracer mass conservation. Construct a nonlinear global optimization objective function and perform iterative optimization to solve the quantitative replenishment ratio of each independent replenishment end-member in the target mixed water sample.

[0030] In this embodiment, firstly, a three-dimensional monitoring network (air-ground-well) is deployed across the entire mining area to simultaneously extract large-scale geophysical anomaly zones and high-precision borehole core physical, mechanical, and hydrophysical parameters. Secondly, based on the isotope fractionation principle and hydrochemical kinetics mechanism, a unique hydrochemical-isotope fingerprint spectrum of the target area is drawn to qualitatively identify potential recharge end-members. Subsequently, to overcome the limitations of multiple solutions in single geophysical exploration and the discreteness of drilling, the co-kriging algorithm in geostatistics is used to transform the geophysical impedance volume into a soft constraint. Combined with hard data obtained from borehole pumping and injection tests, a highly realistic three-dimensional transient heterogeneous water flow evolution model is reconstructed. Finally, the extracted conservative geochemical characteristic parameters are substituted into the multidimensional mass balance matrix, and a nonlinear global optimization algorithm is used to solve for the absolute contribution rate of each aquifer end-member in the mixed inflow.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-source data collaborative acquisition step includes: geophysical exploration data obtained through ground transient electromagnetic method and high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration; targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data including lithological characteristics, aquifer elevation and permeability coefficient; and representative water samples including at least surface water, shallow Quaternary unconfined water, bedrock fissure water in the main coal seam roof and floor, and old goaf water in the goaf area.

[0032] In this embodiment, during the multi-source data collaborative acquisition step, to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of multi-source data collaborative acquisition, the following specific engineering operations are implemented: Large-scale geophysical exploration employs a combination of ground transient electromagnetic methods and high-precision 3D seismic exploration. The TEM transmitting coil uses a dipole device with a fundamental frequency set to 25Hz, focusing on capturing low-resistivity anomaly boundaries of water-bearing bodies within a depth of hundreds of meters. 3D seismic exploration uses 10m×10m CDP (Continuous Dynamic Point) elements for comprehensive 3D observation to identify the development height of faults and mining-induced water-conducting fracture zones. During the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological testing phase, pumping test wells and observation wells are arranged at the center and edge of the anomaly zone delineated by geophysical exploration. Layered pumping tests are used to extract hard constraint parameters such as the thickness, lithology, and permeability coefficient of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and Yan'an Formation aquifers. In the construction of the three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring and sampling network, fixed-depth samplers are used to collect surface water, shallow Quaternary pore water, bedrock fissure water in the main coal seam roof and floor, and old goaf water in the confined space of the goaf. Water samples were collected in sealed 500mL polyethylene bottles. For cation testing, the water samples were acidified on-site with high-purity nitric acid until the pH was <2 to prevent metal ion precipitation.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water chemistry and isotope fingerprinting construction step includes: the water chemistry and isotope analysis chart including a Piper triode plot, a Gibbs plot, and a hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagram; wherein, the water chemistry type fingerprint is formed by the Piper triode plot, the rock weathering and water-rock interaction mechanism is identified by the Gibbs plot, and the hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagram combined with tritium isotope indices is used to determine the degree of water evaporation concentration and renewal rate.

[0034] In this embodiment, water chemical ions are tested using ion chromatography to determine major anions and cations, and environmental isotopes are determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. After testing, the multidimensional data are mapped onto an analytical chart. First, the milligram equivalent percentage of major ions for each water sample is projected onto a Piper triangular plot. Based on the cation triangle plot (Ca... 2+ Mg 2+ Na + +K + ) and the anion triangle (HCO3) - SO4 2- Cl - Based on the clustering characteristics of SO4, the groundwater in the mining area is classified into categories such as SO4. 2 -Na + Type or HCO3 - -Ca 2+ The water chemical fingerprint was used to preliminarily delineate hydrodynamic zones; secondly, the Na content in the water sample was calculated. + / ( Na + + Ca 2+ ) and Cl - / ( Cl - + HCO3 - The ratio of the total dissolved solids (TDS) to the total dissolved solids (TDS) was plotted on a Gibbs chart to determine whether water bodies in the Gobi Desert are controlled by atmospheric precipitation, rock weathering, or evaporation and crystallization mechanisms. Finally, a hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship map was established, and the measured data were fitted to generate a regional precipitation line (LMWL). By comparing the degree of deviation of sample points relative to the LMWL, combined with the radioactive tritium isotope with a half-life of 12.32 years (…), the results were analyzed. 3 H) Decay activity index, to determine the evaporation concentration effect and water retention time of each aquifer end-member, thereby eliminating non-representative end-members that are contaminated.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step, when using the co-kriging algorithm to fuse the hard data and the soft constraints, the point to be estimated within the three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid is... Permeability coefficient estimate at [location] Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, For the first in the search field Hard data obtained from a number of actual measurement points For the first in the search field Soft constraint data extracted at each grid node , These are the weighting coefficients for the hard data and the soft constraint data, respectively. These represent the number of hard data points and the number of soft constraint data points within the search ellipsoid, respectively.

[0036] It should be understood that when integrating hard data and soft constraints, the planar resolution of the three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid is set to 20m×20m, and the vertical division is divided into 5 to 10 layers based on the aquifer thickness. The permeability coefficient of unknown grid nodes is calculated using a co-kriging algorithm. Specifically, the hard data measured in boreholes and the resistivity soft constraint data extracted from geophysical inversion are first transformed using normal scores to eliminate extreme value interference. Then, principal variogram and cross-variogram models are established to quantify the spatial correlation within the hard data, within the soft data, and between the two. Based on the covariance matrix, the weighting coefficients in the following estimation equation are solved: .

[0037] In the solution constraints of this equation, an unbiased condition is introduced (the sum of hard data weights is 1, and the sum of soft data weights is 0). By performing Gaussian elimination operations on hard data points and soft constraint points within the ellipsoid, the algorithm successfully corrects the local distortions that occur in single geophysical inversions due to interference from the Gobi surface cover, and outputs a smooth three-dimensional heterogeneous permeability coefficient field that conforms to the actual geological genesis.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the partial differential control equation corresponding to the three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model established in the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step is shown in the following equation: In the formula, The head function varies with spatial coordinates and time. These are the permeability coefficient tensors for the three main directions. For the source and sink terms of a unit volume of hydrogeological body, For water storage rate, It is a time variable.

[0039] In this embodiment, during the parameter assignment phase, the permeability coefficients of each node output by the co-kriging algorithm are used as tensors in the partial derivative terms. Based on the hydrogeological reconnaissance results of the mining area boundary, boundaries with perennial runoff recharge are designated as Type I given head boundaries, and impermeable faults are designated as Type II zero-discharge boundaries. The model solution employs the preconditional conjugate gradient method, with the time step set to a single month or day based on the mining progress. The final output is the four-dimensional spatial evolution characteristics of groundwater level contour lines at different mining stages.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the steps of constructing the end-member hybrid model and analyzing the water source replenishment given quantitative parameters, the established multidimensional mass balance end-member hybrid model and its nonlinear global optimization objective function are composed of the following set of equations. When solving these equations, a sequential quadratic programming method is used for iterative optimization until the norm of the objective function gradient is less than [a certain value]. Stop when the sum of squared residuals is less than 5%.

[0041] Water conservation equation: .

[0042] Tracer mass conservation equation: .

[0043] Standardized nonlinear optimization objective function: In the formula, The total number of the independent supply end-users, The total number of independent natural tracers involved in the calculation. For the first The volume percentage of each independent supply end-unit in the target mixed water sample. For the first The first of the independent supply terminal The concentration of a single natural tracer, The first water sample in the target mixed water body The concentration of a single natural tracer, For the first In the first end-member water body The total concentration of carrier elements corresponding to the ratio of isotopes For the first In the first end-member water body Measured values ​​of isotope ratios For the target mixed water body, the first Measured values ​​of isotope ratios.

[0044] In this embodiment, the tracer vector is preferably composed of chloride ions, bromide ions, and oxygen isotopes. After extracting the measured concentration of the mixed mine inflow and the characteristic concentration of each independent recharge end-member, the water volume conservation and tracer mass conservation equations are established simultaneously. Since data noise is unavoidable in actual sampling and testing, directly solving the linear equations often yields negative or physically meaningless solutions greater than 1. Therefore, a standardized nonlinear optimization objective function is constructed with the goal of minimizing the sum of squared residuals. The solution process relies on a sequential quadratic programming algorithm engine. The upper and lower boundary constraints of the decision variables are set to be between 0 and 1, and a uniform distribution is selected as the initial iteration point. In each iteration, the approximate Hessian matrix is ​​updated, and a line search is performed within the constrained feasible region until the norm of the gradient is less than the set tolerance threshold. The array output after algorithm convergence represents the precise volume percentage of each aquifer end-member in the target mixed inflow.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the following steps: water hazard risk assessment and monitoring dynamic optimization step: combining the four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics and the quantitative replenishment ratio of each of the independent replenishment end-units in the target mixed water sample, determining the location of the hydraulic connection channel that causes water inrush in the target Gobi desert mining area, and dynamically updating the distribution of monitoring nodes of the three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network based on the determination results.

[0046] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the nonlinear optimization solution reveals that in a certain working face, the water source from a sudden water inrush is composed of 75% roof water and only 5% floor water. The model feeds this result back to the three-dimensional transient flow model for particle tracking and reverse evolution. The four-dimensional flow field evolution clearly shows that there is a high hydraulic gradient channel formed by the penetration of a water-conducting fracture zone within a range of 50m to 80m above the water inrush point. Based on this determination, the water inrush prevention project can achieve "targeted treatment": on the one hand, it guides grouting to cut off the main supply channel; on the other hand, it densifies the microseismic sensors in the three-dimensional hydrological monitoring network from a uniform grid distribution to a high-density deployment in the dominant development area of ​​the water-conducting fracture zone. This dynamic closed-loop optimization mechanism completely changes the traditional static monitoring mode and realizes advanced early warning of water hazard risks in complex mining areas in the Gobi Desert.

[0047] The above embodiments of the present invention provide a method for fine hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas. It integrates multi-source exploration soft and hard data, overcomes the ambiguity of single exploration methods, and realizes fine three-dimensional hydrogeological characterization. Furthermore, relying on multi-dimensional mass balance and nonlinear optimization algorithms, it transcends traditional qualitative identification to precise quantitative analysis of multiple endpoints, thereby providing reliable support for targeted prevention and control of water hazards and water-conserving mining in desert mining areas.

[0048] In order for the above methods and systems to operate smoothly, the system may include more or fewer components than those described above, or combine certain components, or different components, in addition to the various modules mentioned above. For example, it may include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, processors, and memory.

[0049] The processor can be a central processing unit, or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (OPGs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. This processor is the control center of the system, connecting various parts via various interfaces and lines.

[0050] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0051] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hydrogeological fine exploration and quantitative tracing of water sources in a gobi desert mining area, characterized in that, The method includes: Multi-source data collaborative acquisition steps: acquire large-scale geophysical exploration data, targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data of the target Gobi Desert mining area, as well as three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network data covering surface water, aquifers, and mine water inflow points in the mining area, including water level, water volume and basic hydrochemical indicators; Hydrochemical and Isotope Fingerprint Construction Steps: Collect representative water samples covering the entire hydrological cycle path in the target Gobi Desert mining area. The representative water samples include water samples from the target mixed water body to be analyzed. Perform hydrochemical ion and environmental isotope synergistic testing on the representative water samples, and use hydrochemical and isotope analysis charts to reveal the main geochemical processes and recharge conditions, and construct a hydrochemical isotope fingerprint spectrum. Three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion steps: Establish a three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid, use the co-kriging algorithm to fuse hard data converted from the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data, and soft constraints converted from the large-scale geophysical exploration data, construct a high-precision spatial three-dimensional heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field, and establish a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model based on mass conservation and Darcy's law and the high-precision spatial three-dimensional heterogeneous hydrogeological parameter field, outputting four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics; The steps for constructing the end-member mixing model and quantitatively analyzing the water source replenishment are as follows: Based on the water chemical isotope fingerprint spectrum, characteristic parameters exhibiting conservative behavior and independent replenishment end-members are selected. A multidimensional mass balance end-member mixing model is established based on water conservation and tracer mass conservation. A nonlinear global optimization objective function is constructed and iterative optimization is performed to solve the quantitative replenishment ratio of each independent replenishment end-member in the target mixed water sample.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In the multi-source data collaborative acquisition step: The geophysical exploration data were obtained through ground transient electromagnetic method and high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration; the targeted drilling and in-situ hydrological test data include lithological characteristics, aquifer elevation and location and permeability coefficient; the representative water samples include at least surface water, shallow Quaternary unconfined water, bedrock fissure water in the main coal seam roof and floor and old goaf water in the goaf area.

3. The method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the steps of constructing the hydrochemical and isotopic fingerprint spectrum: The hydrochemical and isotopic analysis charts include Piper triline diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagrams. Specifically, the Piper triline diagrams are used to form hydrochemical type fingerprints, the Gibbs diagrams are used to identify the rock weathering and water-rock interaction mechanisms, and the hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope relationship diagrams, combined with tritium isotope indices, are used to determine the degree of water evaporation concentration and renewal rate.

4. The method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step, when using the co-kriging algorithm to fuse the hard data and the soft constraints, for the points to be estimated within the three-dimensional spatial simulation domain grid... Permeability coefficient estimate at [location] Calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, For the first in the search field Hard data obtained from a number of actual measurement points For the first in the search field Soft constraint data extracted at each grid node , These are the weighting coefficients for the hard data and the soft constraint data, respectively. These represent the number of hard data points and the number of soft constraint data points within the search ellipsoid, respectively.

5. The method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-dimensional geological modeling and information fusion step, the partial differential control equation corresponding to the established three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model is shown in the following equation: ； In the formula, The head function varies with spatial coordinates and time. These are the permeability coefficient tensors for the three main directions. For the source and sink terms of a unit volume of hydrogeological body, For water storage rate, It is a time variable.

6. The method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the steps of constructing the end-member hybrid model and analyzing the given quantitative parameters for water source replenishment, the established multidimensional mass balance end-member hybrid model and its nonlinear global optimization objective function consist of the following set of equations. The solution is obtained using a sequential quadratic programming method for iterative optimization, iterating until the norm of the objective function gradient is less than... Stop when the sum of squared residuals is less than 5% Water conservation equation: ； Tracer mass conservation equation: ； Standardized nonlinear optimization objective function: ； In the formula, The total number of the independent supply end-users, The total number of independent natural tracers involved in the calculation. For the first The volume percentage of each independent supply end-unit in the target mixed water sample. For the first The first of the independent supply terminal The concentration of a single natural tracer, The first water sample in the target mixed water body The concentration of a single natural tracer, For the first In the first end-member water body The total concentration of carrier elements corresponding to the ratio of isotopes For the first In the first end-member water body Measured values ​​of isotope ratios For the target mixed water body, the first Measured values ​​of isotope ratios.

7. The method for detailed hydrogeological exploration and quantitative water source tracing in Gobi desert mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: Water hazard risk assessment and monitoring dynamic optimization steps: Combining the four-dimensional flow field evolution characteristics and the quantitative replenishment ratio of each independent replenishment end element in the target mixed water sample, determine the location of the hydraulic connection channel that causes water inrush in the target Gobi desert mining area, and dynamically update the distribution of monitoring nodes of the three-dimensional hydrological dynamic monitoring network based on the determination results.

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