Multiple metering and thermal management mode stringed solid state hydrogen storage hydrogen charging system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a multiple metering and heat management mode group string type solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen charging system and method, a reaction kettle interlayer is provided with an electric heater and a heat exchange medium flow channel; the hydrogen charging system comprises a hydrogen charging part, a heat exchange medium temperature control part and an electronic scale; the hydrogen charging part comprises a hydrogen charging main pipeline, a hydrogen source valve, a hydrogen charging flowmeter, a free hydrogen discharge selection valve one and a reaction kettle front temperature transmitter are arranged on the hydrogen charging main pipeline; the heat exchange medium temperature control part comprises independent first, second and third medium input branch pipelines; two medium discharge branch pipelines are connected in parallel at the outlet end of a medium discharge main pipeline, the outlet of the first medium discharge branch pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere, and the second medium discharge branch pipeline is provided with a forced air cooling outlet selection valve two and a forced air cooling heat exchanger. The application has the following advantages: multiple heat management modes and multiple metering modes are realized, use is more flexible, and selective group string type control can be realized on multiple reaction kettles connected in parallel, so that the multiple reaction kettles can be charged separately or simultaneously, and the application scene is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage reactor charging and discharging systems, and in particular to a string-type solid-state hydrogen storage charging system and method with multiple metering and thermal management modes. Background Technology

[0002] Existing hydrogen filling systems for solid-state hydrogen storage tanks often employ a single heating structure for the temperature control of the reactor, such as electric heating or thermal oil heating alone. This requires an additional heat source system, cannot utilize waste heat from on-site equipment, and results in high energy consumption. Furthermore, after filling, the free hydrogen in the reactor and pipelines needs to be cooled before release. Current technologies generally use a single cooling structure, often a heat exchanger. This heat exchanger requires a cooling circulation system, leading to high energy consumption. This cooling structure is suitable when the released free hydrogen temperature is high after filling; however, if the released free hydrogen temperature is low, using a heat exchanger is uneconomical and wasteful. Moreover, existing hydrogen filling systems typically measure the solid-state hydrogen absorption using only flow meters on the pipeline. If the flow meter malfunctions, the system must stop operating, be repaired, and then resume operation. When the flow meter accuracy is significantly abnormal, the system cannot self-verify. Additionally, the released free hydrogen after filling is not measured directly, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the actual solid-state hydrogen absorption measurement. Furthermore, in the existing technology, if multiple reactors are charged with hydrogen simultaneously, the control of whether or not multiple reactors are charged with hydrogen, as well as the control of the temperature control section, are all controlled as a whole. It is impossible to achieve individual control of whether or not each reactor is charged with hydrogen and its temperature, and it is impossible to adjust the number of reactors in operation according to the actual hydrogen charging requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a string-type solid hydrogen storage and charging system and method with multiple metering and thermal management modes, so as to realize multiple thermal management modes and multiple types of metering modes, making it more flexible to use, and enabling simultaneous charging of solid hydrogen storage tanks in multiple parallel reactors, thereby improving charging efficiency.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes includes an electric heater and a heat exchange medium flow channel in the jacket of the reactor, and an external hydrogen selection valve connected to the hydrogen charging interface of the reactor. The hydrogen charging system includes a hydrogen charging section, a heat exchange medium temperature control section, and an electronic scale. The hydrogen charging section includes a main hydrogen charging pipeline, the outlet of which is connected to a hydrogen selection valve in the reactor for charging hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage tank inside the reactor; the heat exchange medium temperature control section includes multiple independent medium input branch pipelines for introducing heat exchange medium into the heat exchange medium flow channel of the reactor to control the temperature inside the reactor cavity; and an electronic scale is used to weigh the solid hydrogen storage tank before and after hydrogen charging.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, the reactor is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet, a heat exchange medium outlet, a reactor pressure transmitter interface and a reactor temperature transmitter interface, and the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet are respectively connected to both ends of the heat exchange medium flow channel. In the hydrogen charging section, the inlet end of the main hydrogen charging pipeline is connected to a hydrogen source. Along the airflow direction, the main hydrogen charging pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen source valve, a hydrogen charging flow meter, a free hydrogen release selection valve, and a temperature transmitter before the reactor. The heat exchange medium temperature control section includes three independent medium input branch lines, namely the first medium input branch line, the second medium input branch line, and the third medium input branch line. The inlet of the first medium input branch line is connected to a compressed air source and is equipped with an air-cooled inlet pressure regulating filter. The inlet of the second medium input branch line is connected to a high-temperature steam source and is equipped with a steam inlet pressure reducing valve, a dryer, and a steam heating selection valve in sequence along the medium flow direction. The inlet of the third medium input branch line is connected to compressed air and is equipped with an air heating inlet pressure regulating filter, a steam heating heat exchanger, and an air heating selection valve in sequence along the medium flow direction. The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the reactor are connected to a medium input main pipeline and a medium discharge main pipeline, respectively. The outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor through a first medium input control pipeline. An air-cooled inlet regulating valve is installed on the first medium input control pipeline. The outlets of the second and third medium input branch pipelines are connected in parallel and then connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor through a second medium input control pipeline. A gas heating regulating valve is installed on the second medium input control pipeline. Two medium discharge branch pipelines are connected in parallel at the outlet end of the medium discharge main pipeline. The outlet of the first medium discharge branch pipeline is connected to the atmosphere and is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve one. The second medium discharge branch pipeline is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve two and an air-cooled heat exchanger in sequence along the medium flow direction.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned hydrogen charging system, in the hydrogen charging section, a section of the main hydrogen charging pipeline passes through the interior of the heat dissipation tank upstream of the first free hydrogen release selection valve. The main hydrogen charging pipeline has a first intersection point located between the first free hydrogen release selection valve and the temperature transmitter before the reactor. The main hydrogen charging pipeline has a second intersection point located upstream of the heat dissipation tank. A section of the main hydrogen charging pipeline between the first and second intersection points is a first heat dissipation pipeline. A second and third heat dissipation pipelines are connected in parallel on the first heat dissipation pipeline. The second and third heat dissipation pipelines are respectively equipped with a free hydrogen release heat exchanger and an air-cooled heat dissipation structure. The second and third heat dissipation pipelines are respectively equipped with a second free hydrogen release selection valve and a third free hydrogen release selection valve near the first intersection point.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, the main hydrogen charging pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen charging valve at a position downstream of the hydrogen charging flow meter. The pipe section formed by the hydrogen charging flow meter and the hydrogen charging valve connected in series is the first pipe section. A free hydrogen discharge pipeline is connected in parallel on the first pipe section, and a free hydrogen discharge valve is provided on the free hydrogen discharge pipeline.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned hydrogen charging system, the cooling water tank is equipped with a circulating water pipeline. A circulating water pump pumps water from the cooling water tank into the circulating water pipeline, and the water flows into the cooling water tank through the outlet of the circulating water pipeline. A circulating water flow meter is installed on the circulating water pipeline. The cooling water tank is equipped with two liquid level switches of different heights and a cooling water tank temperature transmitter for detecting water temperature.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned hydrogen charging system, the air-cooled heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation finned tube mounted on the third heat dissipation pipeline, and multiple heat dissipation fans disposed on one side of the heat dissipation finned tube.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, the hydrogen charging system further includes a safety protection section, which includes a hydrogen charging system safety valve. The hydrogen charging system safety valve is located on the main hydrogen charging pipeline and is situated upstream of the second intersection and downstream of the first pipeline section. The hydrogen charging system safety valve is externally connected to a venting pipeline. A pressure relief bypass pipeline is provided across the venting pipeline and the main hydrogen charging pipeline. One end of the pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline and is located between the hydrogen charging valve and the hydrogen charging flow meter. An automatic pressure relief valve, a pressure relief valve downstream shut-off valve, and a pressure relief valve downstream check valve are sequentially provided on the pressure relief bypass pipeline along the airflow direction. The hydrogen filling main pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen source check valve, a hydrogen source pressure transmitter, a hydrogen source temperature transmitter, and a hydrogen filling flow regulating valve at the location between the hydrogen source valve and the first pipeline section; the hydrogen filling main pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen filling system temperature transmitter, a hydrogen filling system pressure transmitter, a hydrogen filling system pressure switch, and a hydrogen filling system pressure gauge at the location between the first pipeline section and the hydrogen filling system safety valve.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, a vacuum line is connected to the section of the main hydrogen charging pipeline between the first pipe section and the temperature transmitter of the hydrogen charging system. A vacuum pump is connected to the end of the vacuum line. A vacuum filter, a vacuum valve and a vacuum gauge are sequentially provided on the vacuum line along the vacuuming direction. A purging line is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline at the point between the hydrogen source check valve and the hydrogen source pressure transmitter. The end of the purging line is connected to a nitrogen source. A nitrogen purging valve and a nitrogen purging check valve are sequentially installed on the purging line along the airflow direction.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system, the hydrogen charging system is used to charge at least two solid hydrogen storage tanks built into the reactors. The hydrogen selection valves of each reactor are connected in parallel to the outlet of the main hydrogen charging pipeline. The inlets of the first medium input control pipelines connected to each reactor are connected in parallel to the outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline. The inlets of the second medium input control pipelines connected to each reactor are connected in parallel to the intersection of the outlets of the second medium input branch pipeline and the third medium input branch pipeline.

[0013] This invention also discloses a hydrogen charging method for a string-type solid-state hydrogen storage system with multiple metering and thermal management modes. The charging method is based on the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system and is performed according to the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the solid hydrogen storage tank before filling it with hydrogen using an electronic scale, and then place the solid hydrogen storage tank into the inner cavity of the reactor. Step 2: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor until the vacuum level inside the reactor reaches the set vacuum level; Step 3: Start the electric heater and / or the heat exchange medium temperature control unit to heat the inner cavity of the reactor, so that the hydrogen storage material filled in the solid hydrogen storage tank in the inner cavity of the reactor is heated; at the same time, open the hydrogen source valve or wait until the hydrogen storage material is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature before opening the hydrogen source valve, and gaseous hydrogen is introduced into the inner cavity of the reactor through the hydrogen charging main pipeline, so that the hydrogen storage material adsorbs the gaseous hydrogen introduced into the reactor; Step 4: When the instantaneous flow rate collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter is [value missing], hydrogen charging is complete. At this time, close the hydrogen charging flow regulating valve and the hydrogen charging valve, and open the free hydrogen discharge valve and the automatic pressure relief valve. The free hydrogen in the reactor and pipeline flows in reverse through the main hydrogen charging pipeline, is cooled by any one of the three heat dissipation pipelines, and then flows into the free hydrogen discharge pipeline. After passing through the hydrogen charging flow meter, it is discharged through the pressure relief bypass pipeline. The first hydrogen charging amount is obtained by subtracting the cumulative flow rate collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter during the free hydrogen discharge process from the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter when hydrogen charging is completed. Step 5: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor to remove any remaining gaseous hydrogen and complete the hydrogen filling process. Step 6: Remove the solid hydrogen storage tank after it has been filled with hydrogen from the inner cavity of the reactor and weigh it using an electronic scale. Subtract the weight of the solid hydrogen storage tank after filling with hydrogen from the weight before filling with hydrogen to obtain the second amount of hydrogen filled.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: This invention provides a multi-metering and thermal management mode string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system and method. Its free hydrogen cooling system is equipped with three heat dissipation pipes, allowing selection of different pipes to cool the free hydrogen based on its temperature, thereby reducing system energy consumption. Its heat exchange medium temperature control section has three medium input branch pipes, enabling flexible selection of heating or cooling methods for the reactors as needed, allowing for the reuse of waste heat from the equipment site, further reducing system energy consumption. Two metering methods can be selected, allowing for self-verification of metering results. Furthermore, when using a flow meter to measure the hydrogen charging volume, the released free hydrogen is deducted, resulting in more accurate measurement of the actual solid-state hydrogen absorption. In addition, the same charging system can selectively charge multiple parallel reactors' solid-state hydrogen storage tanks simultaneously, enabling independent control of individual reactors and group control of multiple reactors, thus allowing adjustment of the number of operating reactors according to actual hydrogen charging needs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the front section of the hydrogen charging main pipeline of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the downstream section of the hydrogen charging main pipeline and the structure connecting the reactor of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the heat exchange medium temperature control section and multiple parallel reaction vessels of the present invention.

[0018] Numbered in the diagram: 1 Hydrogen source valve; 2 Hydrogen source check valve; 3 Hydrogen source pressure transmitter; 4 Hydrogen source temperature transmitter; 5 Hydrogen charging flow regulating valve; 6 Hydrogen charging flow meter; 7 Hydrogen charging valve; 8 Hydrogen charging system temperature transmitter; 9 Hydrogen charging system pressure transmitter; 10 Hydrogen charging system pressure switch; 11 Hydrogen charging system pressure gauge; 12 Hydrogen charging system safety valve; 13 Free hydrogen release selector valve one; 14 Temperature transmitter before reactor; 15 Reactor; 16 Free hydrogen release valve; 17 Automatic pressure relief valve; 18 Shut-off valve after pressure relief valve; 19 Check valve after pressure relief valve; 20 Manual pressure relief valve; 21 Flame arrester; 22 Air cap; 23 Vacuum filter; 24 Vacuum valve; 25 Vacuum gauge; 26 Vacuum pump; 27 Nitrogen purging check valve; 28 Nitrogen purging valve; 29 Free hydrogen release selector valve two; 30 31 Free hydrogen release heat exchanger; 32 Free hydrogen release selector valve three; 33 Heat sink finned tube; 34 Heat sink fan; 35 Circulating water pump; 36 Circulating water flow meter; 37 Transition water tank; 38 Heat sink primary protection level switch; 39 Heat sink secondary protection level switch; 40 Heat sink temperature transmitter; 41 Heat sink drain valve; 42 Air-cooled inlet pressure regulating filter; 43 Air-cooled inlet regulating valve; 44 Air-cooled outlet selector valve one; 45 Air-cooled outlet selector valve two; 46 Air-cooled heat exchanger; 47 Steam inlet pressure reducing valve; 48 Dryer; 49 Steam heating selector valve; 50 Air heating inlet pressure regulating filter; 51 Steam heating heat exchanger; 52 Air heating selector valve; 53 Gas heating regulating valve; 54 Solid hydrogen storage tank; 55 Electronic scale; 56 Hydrogen selector valve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0020] See Figures 1 to 3This embodiment provides a string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes for charging hydrogen into the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 54 inside the reactor 15. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 54 contains magnesium-based hydrogen storage material without hydrogen. The reactor 15 has a double-layer structure, with an electric heater and heat exchange medium flow channel in the interlayer. The reactor 15 is equipped with a heat exchange medium inlet, a heat exchange medium outlet, a hydrogen charging interface, a reactor pressure transmitter interface, a reactor temperature transmitter interface, and a pressure gauge interface. The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet are connected to the two ends of the heat exchange medium flow channel, respectively. The hydrogen charging interface is externally connected to a hydrogen selection valve 56. The reactor pressure transmitter interface, reactor temperature transmitter interface, and pressure gauge interface are externally connected to the reactor pressure transmitter, reactor temperature transmitter, and reactor pressure gauge, respectively, to collect the pressure and temperature inside the reactor 15 in real time. A jacket temperature transmitter is installed in the jacket of reactor 15 to collect the jacket temperature of reactor 15, thereby controlling the heating power of the electric heater or the flow rate of the heat exchange medium (steam, heated air, or ambient temperature compressed air) in the heat exchange medium channel, so as to ensure that the hydrogen storage material is stable at the hydrogen charging temperature.

[0021] Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials require a temperature reaching their hydrogen absorption temperature (approximately 300°C) to achieve hydrogen absorption. After absorbing hydrogen, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material releases heat, causing its temperature to exceed the absorption temperature. This heat must then be removed to stabilize the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material at the absorption temperature for continuous hydrogen absorption. Specifically, in the initial stage of hydrogen charging, the reactor 15 needs to be heated via an electric heater and / or a heat exchange medium flow channel to raise the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 inside the reactor 15. Once the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material begins to absorb hydrogen, heating is stopped, and the heat is removed through the heat exchange medium flow channel to cool the reactor 15, maintaining the temperature of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 inside the reactor 15 at the absorption temperature. In other words, during the hydrogen charging process, if the temperature inside the reactor 15 decreases, heating is applied; if the temperature inside the reactor 15 increases, cooling is applied.

[0022] The hydrogen filling system includes a hydrogen filling section, a heat exchange medium temperature control section, a safety protection section, and an electronic scale 55 for weighing the solid hydrogen storage tank 54.

[0023] The hydrogen charging section includes a main hydrogen charging pipeline. The inlet of the main hydrogen charging pipeline is connected to a hydrogen source, and the outlet is connected to a hydrogen selection valve 56 of the reactor 15. Along the gas flow direction, the main hydrogen charging pipeline is sequentially equipped with a hydrogen source valve 1, a hydrogen charging flow meter 6, a hydrogen charging valve 7, a free hydrogen release selection valve 13, and a reactor-front temperature transmitter 14. The pipe section formed by the hydrogen charging flow meter 6 and the hydrogen charging valve 7 connected in series is the first pipe section. A free hydrogen release pipeline is connected in parallel to the first pipe section, and a free hydrogen release valve 16 is installed on the free hydrogen release pipeline. This configuration allows for accurate measurement of the released free hydrogen using the same hydrogen charging flow meter 6, resulting in a more accurate measurement of the actual solid-state hydrogen absorption.

[0024] On the main hydrogen charging pipeline, between the hydrogen source valve 1 and the first pipeline section, there is a hydrogen source check valve 2, a hydrogen source pressure transmitter 3, a hydrogen source temperature transmitter 4, and a hydrogen charging flow regulating valve 5. The hydrogen source valve 1 controls the opening and closing of the main hydrogen charging pipeline. The hydrogen source pressure transmitter 3 and the hydrogen source temperature transmitter 4 collect the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen in the main hydrogen charging pipeline in real time. The hydrogen charging flow rate can be adjusted by the hydrogen charging flow regulating valve 5. A purging pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline between the hydrogen source check valve 2 and the hydrogen source pressure transmitter 3. The end of the purging pipeline is connected to a nitrogen source. Along the airflow direction, a nitrogen purging valve 28 and a nitrogen purging check valve 27 are sequentially installed on the purging pipeline. After the hydrogen charging is completed and a vacuum is drawn, nitrogen gas needs to be introduced for purging. Simultaneously, when the system requires maintenance or repair, the nitrogen purging valve 28 can be opened to purge the pipeline with nitrogen to remove the hydrogen before maintenance or repair. When the system performs nitrogen purging, the nitrogen purging check valve 27 can prevent nitrogen from contaminating the hydrogen source.

[0025] A hydrogen filling system temperature transmitter 8, a hydrogen filling system pressure transmitter 9, a hydrogen filling system pressure switch 10, and a hydrogen filling system pressure gauge 11 are installed on the main hydrogen filling line between the first pipe section and the hydrogen filling system safety valve 12. A vacuum pumping line is connected to the main hydrogen filling line between the first pipe section and the hydrogen filling system temperature transmitter 8. The end of the vacuum pumping line is connected to a vacuum pump 26. A vacuum filter 23, a vacuum valve 24, and a vacuum gauge 25 are sequentially installed on the vacuum pumping line along the vacuuming direction. In this embodiment, while retaining the nitrogen purging line, a vacuum pumping line is added to replace air, thus solving the problem of low air replacement efficiency in the prior art.

[0026] The hydrogen charging section also includes a free hydrogen cooling system for cooling the released free hydrogen. This system comprises first, second, and third heat dissipation pipes. The main hydrogen charging pipe passes through the interior of the heat dissipation tank 34 upstream of the free hydrogen release selection valve 13. A first intersection point is located between the free hydrogen release selection valve 13 and the temperature transmitter 14 before the reactor. A second intersection point is located upstream of the heat dissipation tank 34. The section of the main hydrogen charging pipe between the first and second intersection points forms the first heat dissipation pipe. The second and third heat dissipation pipes are connected in parallel on the first heat dissipation pipe. The second and third heat dissipation pipes are respectively equipped with a free hydrogen release heat exchanger 30 and an air-cooled heat dissipation structure. Free hydrogen release selection valves 29 and 31 are respectively located near the first intersection point on the second and third heat dissipation pipes. The cooling water tank 34 is equipped with a circulating water pipeline. A circulating water pump 35 pumps water from the cooling water tank 34 into the circulating water pipeline, which then flows into a transition water tank 37 and back to the cooling water tank 34. A circulating water flow meter 36 is installed on the circulating water pipeline. The cooling water tank 34 has two level switches with different heights: a primary protection level switch 38 and a secondary protection level switch 39. A temperature transmitter 40 for detecting water temperature is also installed on the cooling water tank 34. A drain pipe with a drain valve 41 is located at the bottom of the cooling water tank 34. The air-cooled heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation finned tube 32 mounted on the third heat dissipation pipeline and multiple cooling fans 33 located on one side of the heat dissipation finned tube 32.

[0027] The function of the temperature transmitter 14 before the reactor is to monitor the temperature of the released free hydrogen. Because the released free hydrogen is at a high temperature, it needs to be cooled before release to protect the components on the pipeline and prevent overheating damage. The specific cooling pipeline used to cool the released free hydrogen depends on the temperature of the released free hydrogen collected by the temperature transmitter 14 before the reactor. Let the temperature of the released free hydrogen collected by the temperature transmitter before the reactor be T.

[0028] When temperature T is in the first temperature range, i.e., T≥150℃, it indicates that the temperature of the released free hydrogen is very high. The free hydrogen release selection valve 29 is opened, while free hydrogen release selection valves 13 and 31 are closed. The second heat dissipation pipeline is selected, and the released free hydrogen gas is cooled by heat exchange through the free hydrogen release heat exchanger 30. The cold end of the free hydrogen release heat exchanger 30 can be connected to a cooling water circulation system to cool the released free hydrogen gas. The cold end of the free hydrogen release heat exchanger 30 can also exchange heat with other media that require heating, allowing for more efficient energy utilization. For example, the cold end of the free hydrogen release heat exchanger 30 can be connected to ambient temperature circulating water to heat the water and supply it to external locations that require warm water.

[0029] When T is in the second temperature range, i.e. 100℃≤T<150℃, it indicates that the temperature of the released free hydrogen is relatively high. The free hydrogen release selection valve 31 is opened, the free hydrogen release selection valve 13 and the free hydrogen release selection valve 29 are closed, and the cooling fan 33 is turned on. The third heat dissipation pipeline is selected, and the released free hydrogen is cooled by heat exchange through the air-cooled heat dissipation structure.

[0030] When temperature T is in the third temperature range, i.e., T < 100℃, it indicates that the temperature of the released free hydrogen is low. The free hydrogen release selection valve 13 is opened, while the free hydrogen release selection valves 29 and 31 are closed. The first heat dissipation pipeline is selected, and the released free hydrogen passing through the heat dissipation tank 34 is cooled by the cold water in the first heat dissipation pipeline. Depending on the specific temperature range of T, the operation of the circulating water pump 35 can be selected. When 60℃ ≤ T < 100℃, the circulating water pump 35 is turned on to circulate the water in the heat dissipation tank 34 for cooling, thereby improving the cooling effect on the free hydrogen. When T < 60℃, the circulating water pump 35 is not turned on, and the water in the heat dissipation tank 34 can meet the temperature requirements for the released free hydrogen through natural heat dissipation.

[0031] The free hydrogen cooling system is equipped with multiple heat exchange modes for selection. Mainly from the perspective of energy consumption, the heat exchange mode corresponding to the first temperature range has the highest energy consumption, while the heat exchange mode corresponding to the third temperature range has the lowest energy consumption. The corresponding heat exchange mode is selected according to the different temperatures collected by the temperature transmitter in front of the reactor, which is the most energy-efficient.

[0032] The safety protection section includes a hydrogen charging system safety valve 12, which is located on the main hydrogen charging pipeline upstream of the second intersection and downstream of the first pipeline section. The hydrogen charging system safety valve 12 is connected to an external venting pipeline. A pressure relief bypass pipeline is installed across the venting pipeline and the main hydrogen charging pipeline. One end of the pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline and is located between the hydrogen charging valve 7 and the hydrogen charging flow meter 6. An automatic pressure relief valve 17, a pressure relief valve downstream shut-off valve 18, and a pressure relief valve downstream check valve 19 are sequentially installed on the pressure relief bypass pipeline along the airflow direction. The automatic pressure relief valve 17 serves as a safety protection device. As it is a normally open valve, it automatically opens when other valves close in case of system failure, power outage, excessive hydrogen concentration in the environment, or abnormalities such as flames or smoke. This allows the hydrogen gas in the reactor 15 and pipelines to be released into the atmosphere via the flame arrester 21 and the vent cap 22. The hydrogen release rate is controlled by adjusting the opening of the shut-off valve 18 after the pressure relief valve, ensuring it remains within a safe flow range. The one-way valve 19 after the pressure relief valve prevents outside air from entering the system. The automatic pressure relief valve 17 also functions to release pressure and reduce system pressure when the pressure measured by the reactor pressure transmitter exceeds a set safety value (normal hydrogen charging pressure is 3 MPa, and the safety value can be set to 3.5 MPa).

[0033] A manual pressure relief bypass line is also installed between the venting line and the main hydrogen charging line. One end of the manual pressure relief bypass line connects to the main hydrogen charging line between the hydrogen charging system pressure gauge 11 and the hydrogen charging system safety valve 12. A manual pressure relief valve 20 is installed on the manual pressure relief bypass line. This manual pressure relief bypass line serves as a safety reserve; if the automatic pressure relief valve 17 fails, the manual pressure relief valve 20 can be manually opened to release pressure.

[0034] The hydrogen charging system pressure switch 10 is designed for safety. This hydrogen charging system pressure switch 10 is not controlled by the control system. If the control system software malfunctions, causing the reactor pressure transmitter to fail to collect data, and if the system pressure exceeds the safe value (which can be set to 3.5 MPa), that is, if the hydrogen charging system pressure switch 10 exceeds the set pressure (3.5 MPa), it can automatically control the automatic pressure relief valve 17 to open and release pressure. The hydrogen charging system safety valve 12 is designed for safety. When the system is out of control and exceeds the safe release pressure (which can be set to 4 MPa), the hydrogen in the reactor 15 will be released through the hydrogen charging system safety valve 12.

[0035] The heat exchange medium temperature control section includes three independent medium input branch pipes: a first medium input branch pipe, a second medium input branch pipe, and a third medium input branch pipe. The inlet of the first medium input branch pipe is connected to a compressed air source and is equipped with an air-cooled inlet pressure regulating filter 42. The compressed air is depressurized and filtered through the air-cooled inlet pressure regulating filter 42. Excessively high pressure compressed air may damage the components in the jacket of the reactor 15. The inlet of the second medium input branch pipe is connected to a high-temperature steam source and is equipped with a steam inlet pressure reducing valve 47, a drying tank 48, and a steam heating selection valve 49 in sequence along the medium flow direction. The inlet of the third medium input branch pipe is connected to compressed air and is equipped with an air heating inlet pressure regulating filter 50, a steam heating heat exchanger 51, and an air heating selection valve 52 in sequence along the medium flow direction.

[0036] The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the reactor 15 are connected to a medium input main pipeline and a medium discharge main pipeline, respectively. The outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor 15 through a first medium input control pipeline. An air-cooled inlet regulating valve 43 is provided on the first medium input control pipeline to regulate the air flow and thus stabilize the temperature. The outlets of the second and third medium input branch pipelines are connected in parallel and connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor 15 through a second medium input control pipeline. A gas heating regulating valve 53 is provided on the second medium input control pipeline. Two medium discharge branch pipelines are connected in parallel at the outlet of the medium discharge main pipeline. The outlet of the first medium discharge branch pipeline is connected to the atmosphere and is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve 44. The second medium discharge branch pipeline is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve 45 and an air-cooled heat exchanger 46 in sequence along the medium flow direction.

[0037] Temperature control of reactor 15 can be achieved using an electric heater and / or a heat exchange medium flow channel. There are two heating modes for reactor 15: The first mode is the conventional mode, which directly heats the reactor 15 by using an electric heater. This involves activating the electric heater in the jacket of reactor 15 and controlling its power based on temperature feedback from the reactor and jacket temperature transmitters. In this mode, the heat exchange medium temperature control is not activated. If the temperature rises and exceeds the hydrogen charging temperature during heating, the electric heater stops first. Then, the air-cooled inlet regulating valve 43 and the air-cooled outlet selection valve 44 on the first medium input control pipeline are opened, allowing compressed air to be blown into reactor 15. This compressed air flows through the heat exchange medium channel in the jacket of reactor 15, cooling reactor 15, and is then discharged to the atmosphere via the first medium discharge branch pipeline, or discharged via the second medium discharge branch pipeline through the air-cooled outlet selection valve 45 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 46.

[0038] Secondly, high-temperature steam is used for heating, a mode particularly suitable for locations where high-temperature steam can be provided. In many scenarios, high-temperature steam is often directly emitted as industrial waste gas; this system utilizes high-temperature steam for heating, allowing for more efficient energy utilization. This heating mode is further divided into two scenarios: one is for cases where the hydrogen storage material's charging temperature is low, using only high-temperature steam for heating without activating electric heating; the other is for cases where the hydrogen storage material's charging temperature is high, first using high-temperature steam to preheat to the highest temperature that steam can raise, and then using an electric heater to continue heating to the charging temperature. Both heating modes employed in these scenarios are more energy-efficient than directly using an electric heater for heating alone.

[0039] When using high-temperature steam for heating, if the provided high-temperature steam is dry steam, the second medium input branch pipeline is selected. After the steam is depressurized by the steam inlet pressure reducing valve 47, the steam enters the drying tank 48 for further drying. Then, it enters the heat exchange medium flow channel of the jacket of the reactor 15 through the steam heating selection valve 49 and the gas heating regulating valve 53 to heat the reactor 15. The steam flow rate is adjusted by the gas heating regulating valve 53 to stabilize the temperature.

[0040] When using high-temperature steam for heating, if the provided high-temperature steam is wet steam, it will damage the electrical components inside the jacket of reactor 15 if it directly enters the jacket. Therefore, wet steam cannot directly enter the jacket of reactor 15. Instead, wet steam is used to heat the compressed air, and the heated compressed air is then introduced into the heat exchange medium channel of reactor 15, i.e., the third medium input branch is selected. After the compressed air is reduced and filtered by the air heating inlet pressure regulating filter 50, it passes through the steam heating heat exchanger 51, the air heating selection valve 52, and the gas heating regulating valve 53 before entering the heat exchange medium channel of the jacket of reactor 15. The hot end of the steam heating heat exchanger 51 is connected to the high-temperature wet steam to heat the compressed air, and the heated high-temperature air then heats reactor 15.

[0041] If the temperature rises above the hydrogen charging temperature during the high-temperature steam heating process, first close the gas heating regulating valve 53 to stop the high-temperature steam heating. Then, open the first medium input branch pipe to allow compressed air to be blown into the heat exchange medium flow channel of the reactor 15 to cool down the reactor 15. Compressed air cooling is used not only for temperature control after the reactor 15 exceeds its temperature, but also for cooling the reactor 15 after the hydrogen charging process is completed.

[0042] The hydrogen charging system provided in this embodiment can be used to charge at least two solid hydrogen storage tanks 54 built into two reactors 15. The hydrogen selection valves 56 of each reactor 15 are connected in parallel to the outlet of the main hydrogen charging pipeline. The inlets of the first medium input control pipelines connected to each reactor 15 are connected in parallel to the outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline. The inlets of the second medium input control pipelines connected to each reactor 15 are connected in parallel to the intersection of the outlets of the second medium input branch pipeline and the third medium input branch pipeline. The hydrogen selection valve 56 installed at the hydrogen charging interface of each reactor 15 allows for independent control over whether the reactor 15 is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline, thus enabling selection of the number of reactors 15 connected for hydrogen charging. The air-cooled inlet regulating valve 43 on the first medium input control pipeline and the gas heating regulating valve 53 on the second medium input control pipeline of each reactor 15 allow for independent control over whether the reactor 15 is connected to the heat exchange medium temperature control section. Furthermore, each reactor 15 has a built-in electric heater in its jacket, allowing for independent control of the electric heating of the reactor 15, thereby achieving independent temperature control for each reactor 15. Depending on the hydrogen charging requirements, one or more reactors 15 can operate individually or simultaneously, forming a series control configuration. Each reactor 15 can be controlled independently, while multiple reactors 15 can be controlled as a group. The entire system features a modular design, with the number of reactors 15 activated matching the hydrogen charging volume. Flexible selection is possible to suit various application scenarios.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a hydrogen charging method for a string-type solid-state hydrogen storage system with multiple metering and thermal management modes. This charging method is based on the above-mentioned hydrogen charging system and is carried out according to the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 before hydrogen filling using an electronic scale 55, and then place the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 into the inner cavity of the reactor 15. Step 2: Evacuate the inner cavity of reactor 15 until the vacuum level inside reactor 15 reaches the set vacuum level; Step 3: Start the electric heater and / or the heat exchange medium temperature control unit to heat the inner cavity of the reactor 15, so that the hydrogen storage material filled in the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 in the inner cavity of the reactor 15 is heated; at the same time, open the hydrogen source valve 1, or wait until the hydrogen storage material is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature before opening the hydrogen source valve 1, and gaseous hydrogen is introduced into the inner cavity of the reactor 15 through the hydrogen charging main pipeline, so that the hydrogen storage material adsorbs the gaseous hydrogen introduced into the reactor 15; wherein, the method of opening the hydrogen source valve 1 for hydrogen charging after the hydrogen storage material is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature is isothermal hydrogen charging; the method of heating the inner cavity of the reactor 15 and charging hydrogen at the same time is temperature-dependent hydrogen charging; the hydrogen absorption process parameters of different hydrogen storage materials can be tested through the two hydrogen charging working modes; Step 4: When the instantaneous flow rate collected by the hydrogen flow meter 6 is 0, the hydrogen filling is complete. At this time, close the hydrogen flow regulating valve 5 and the hydrogen filling valve 7, and open the free hydrogen discharge valve 16 and the automatic pressure relief valve 17. The free hydrogen in the reactor 15 and the pipeline flows in reverse through the main hydrogen filling pipeline, and after being cooled by any one of the three heat dissipation pipelines, it flows into the free hydrogen discharge pipeline, and then through the hydrogen flow meter 6 and is discharged through the pressure relief bypass pipeline. The first hydrogen filling amount is obtained by subtracting the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow meter 6 during the release of free hydrogen from the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow meter 6 when the hydrogen filling is completed. Step 5: Evacuate the inner cavity of reactor 15 to remove any remaining gaseous hydrogen. Then, open nitrogen purging valve 28 to purge nitrogen into reactor 15. After purging, the hydrogen purging operation is complete. Step 6: Remove the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 from the inner cavity of the reactor 15 after it has been filled with hydrogen, and weigh it using an electronic scale 55. Subtract the weight of the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 after filling with hydrogen from the weight before filling with hydrogen to obtain the second amount of hydrogen filled.

[0044] The specific hydrogen charging process is as follows: Before charging with hydrogen, the inner cavity of the reactor 15 is evacuated to remove air from the system. Specifically, the automatic pressure relief valve 17 is closed. Depending on the working conditions of the reactor 15, the hydrogen selection valve 56 corresponding to the reactor 15 is opened, as are the free hydrogen release selection valve 13 and the vacuum valve 24. Then, the vacuum pump 26 is turned on to evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor 15. The vacuum level is collected in real time by the vacuum gauge 25. When the vacuum level reaches the set vacuum level (approximately 10 Pa), the free hydrogen release selection valve 13 and the vacuum valve 24 are closed, and then the vacuum pump 26 is turned off to end the evacuation process.

[0045] After vacuuming, the hydrogen charging process begins. The following describes the hydrogen charging process using a temperature-dependent hydrogen charging method: Open the hydrogen source valve 1, and adjust the system hydrogen flow rate via the hydrogen flow regulating valve 5. After the gaseous hydrogen is reduced to the hydrogen charging pressure by the hydrogen source pressure reducer, it flows through the main hydrogen charging pipeline, passes through the hydrogen selection valve 56, and enters the inner cavity of the reactor 15. Simultaneously, start the electric heater and / or the heat exchange medium temperature control section to heat the inner cavity of the reactor 15, causing the hydrogen storage material filled in the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 inside the reactor 15 to heat up. When the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material filled in the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 heats up to the hydrogen absorption temperature, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material begins to absorb gaseous hydrogen from the reactor 15. After the hydrogen absorption begins, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material begins to release heat. At this time, the first medium input branch pipeline needs to be opened to cool down the reactor 15. The heat generated by the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption is carried away through the heat exchange medium flow channel in the jacket of the reactor 15 to maintain it at the hydrogen absorption temperature for continuous hydrogen absorption.

[0046] When the instantaneous flow rate collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter 6 is 0, hydrogen charging is complete. At this time, the hydrogen charging flow regulating valve 5 and the hydrogen charging valve 7 are closed, and the free hydrogen discharge valve 16 and the automatic pressure relief valve 17 are opened to start the discharge of free hydrogen. The free hydrogen in the reactor 15 and pipeline flows in reverse in the main hydrogen charging pipeline and is discharged through the free hydrogen discharge valve 16, the hydrogen charging flow meter 6, and the automatic pressure relief valve 17. The cumulative flow rate of the discharged free hydrogen is measured by the hydrogen charging flow meter 6. The first hydrogen charging amount is obtained by subtracting the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter 6 during the discharge of free hydrogen from the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen charging flow meter 6 when the hydrogen charging is completed, which is the actual hydrogen charging amount. Because the temperature of the discharged free hydrogen is high, it needs to be cooled during the discharge. Based on the temperature value collected by the temperature transmitter 14 before the reactor, any one of the three heat dissipation pipelines can be selected to cool the discharged free hydrogen before discharge.

[0047] When the free hydrogen is completely released, the instantaneous flow rate of the hydrogen flow meter 6 is 0. At this time, the vacuum valve 24 and vacuum pump 26 are opened, and the residual hydrogen in the reactor 15 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 26. The function of the vacuum filter 23 is to filter out any impurities that may be present during the vacuuming process (after long-term use, the hydrogen storage material may become pulverized, and fine particles may flow out).

[0048] After the hydrogen charging process is completed, open the first medium input branch line to cool down the reactor 15. The purpose of cooling is to prevent the hydrogen storage material from igniting when exposed to air at high temperatures, which could cause a safety accident. Once the reactor 15 has cooled to a safe opening temperature, first open the nitrogen purging valve 28, the hydrogen flow regulating valve 5, and the hydrogen charging valve 7, and close the hydrogen source valve 1 to discharge the nitrogen and hydrogen mixture. Repeat the gas washing process several times to ensure that there is no residual hydrogen in the reactor 15. Only then can the reactor lid be opened and the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 be removed. If a nitrogen room or a self-sealing structure of the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 is used, and the hydrogen storage material does not come into contact with air, then after the hydrogen charging is completed, the reactor 15 does not need to be cooled down. The nitrogen gas washing process can be started directly, and then the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 can be removed. This is particularly suitable for situations where the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 needs to be replaced continuously.

[0049] The process of opening the first medium input branch line to cool the reactor 15 can also be done without opening the air-cooled outlet selection valve 1 44, instead opening the air-cooled outlet selection valve 2 45, allowing air to be discharged to the atmosphere after passing through the air-cooled heat exchanger 46. Through the air-cooled heat exchanger 46, heat can be exchanged with other media requiring heating, allowing for more efficient energy utilization. For example, the cold end of the air-cooled heat exchanger 46 can be connected to circulating water to heat ambient temperature water, supplying it to external locations requiring warm water.

[0050] The electronic scale 55 measures the hydrogen filling amount using a gravimetric method. It weighs the solid hydrogen storage tank 54 before and after filling, subtracting the weight of the tank from its initial weight to obtain a second hydrogen filling amount. This second amount can be compared with the first. Both the gravimetric and flow meter methods can be used for self-verification. Furthermore, if the hydrogen flow meter 6 in the filling system malfunctions, the system can still be maintained using the gravimetric method, ensuring uninterrupted operation.

[0051] Before the hydrogen charging system needs maintenance or repair, or before restarting after a long period of inactivity, the nitrogen purging valve 28 must be opened to purge the pipeline with nitrogen and remove the hydrogen before proceeding with any related operations.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes, characterized in that: An electric heater and a heat exchange medium flow channel are provided in the jacket of the reactor (15). The hydrogen filling port of the reactor (15) is connected to a hydrogen selection valve (56). The hydrogen filling system includes a hydrogen filling part, a heat exchange medium temperature control part and an electronic scale (55). The hydrogen charging section includes a main hydrogen charging pipeline, the outlet of which is connected to the hydrogen selection valve (56) of the reactor (15) for charging hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage tank built into the reactor (15); the heat exchange medium temperature control section includes multiple independent medium input branch pipelines for introducing heat exchange medium into the heat exchange medium flow channel of the reactor (15) to control the internal temperature of the reactor (15); and an electronic scale (55) for weighing the solid hydrogen storage tank before and after hydrogen charging. In the hydrogen charging section, the inlet end of the hydrogen charging main pipeline is connected to a hydrogen source. Along the airflow direction, the hydrogen charging main pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen source valve (1), a hydrogen charging flow meter (6), a free hydrogen release selection valve (13), and a reactor front temperature transmitter (14). The hydrogen charging main pipeline passes through the interior of the heat dissipation tank (34) upstream of the free hydrogen discharge selection valve (13). The hydrogen charging main pipeline has a first intersection point between the free hydrogen discharge selection valve (13) and the temperature transmitter (14) before the reactor. The hydrogen charging main pipeline has a second intersection point upstream of the heat dissipation tank (34). The section of the hydrogen charging main pipeline between the first intersection point and the second intersection point is the first heat dissipation pipeline. The first heat dissipation pipeline is connected in parallel with the second and third heat dissipation pipelines. The second and third heat dissipation pipelines are respectively equipped with a free hydrogen discharge heat exchanger (30) and an air-cooled heat dissipation structure. The second and third heat dissipation pipelines are respectively equipped with a free hydrogen discharge selection valve (29) and a free hydrogen discharge selection valve (31) near the first intersection point.

2. The string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor (15) is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet, a heat exchange medium outlet, a reactor pressure transmitter interface and a reactor temperature transmitter interface. The heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet are respectively connected to the two ends of the heat exchange medium flow channel. The heat exchange medium temperature control section includes three independent medium input branch lines, namely the first medium input branch line, the second medium input branch line and the third medium input branch line. The inlet of the first medium input branch line is connected to a compressed air source and is equipped with an air-cooled inlet pressure regulating filter (42). The inlet of the second medium input branch line is connected to a high-temperature steam source and is equipped with a steam inlet pressure reducing valve (47), a dryer (48) and a steam heating selection valve (49) in sequence along the medium flow direction. The inlet of the third medium input branch line is connected to compressed air and is equipped with an air heating inlet pressure regulating filter (50), a steam heating heat exchanger (51) and an air heating selection valve (52) in sequence along the medium flow direction. The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the reactor (15) are respectively connected to the medium input main pipeline and the medium discharge main pipeline. The outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor (15) through the first medium input control pipeline. The first medium input control pipeline is equipped with an air-cooled inlet regulating valve (43). The outlets of the second medium input branch pipeline and the third medium input branch pipeline are connected in parallel and connected to the inlet of the medium input main pipeline of the reactor (15) through the second medium input control pipeline. The second medium input control pipeline is equipped with a gas heating regulating valve (53). The outlet end of the medium discharge main pipeline is connected in parallel with two medium discharge branch pipelines. The outlet of the first medium discharge branch pipeline is connected to the atmosphere and is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve one (44). The second medium discharge branch pipeline is equipped with an air-cooled outlet selection valve two (45) and an air-cooled heat exchanger (46) in sequence along the medium flow direction.

3. The string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The main hydrogen charging pipeline is equipped with a hydrogen charging valve (7) located downstream of the hydrogen charging flow meter (6). The pipe section formed by the hydrogen charging flow meter (6) and the hydrogen charging valve (7) connected in series is the first pipe section. A free hydrogen discharge pipeline is connected in parallel on the first pipe section, and a free hydrogen discharge valve (16) is provided on the free hydrogen discharge pipeline.

4. The string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation tank (34) is equipped with a circulating water pipeline. The water in the heat dissipation tank (34) is pumped into the circulating water pipeline by the circulating water pump (35) and flows into the heat dissipation tank (34) through the outlet of the circulating water pipeline. A circulating water flow meter (36) is provided on the circulating water pipeline. The heat dissipation tank (34) is equipped with two liquid level switches with different heights. The heat dissipation tank (34) is also equipped with a heat dissipation tank temperature transmitter (40) for detecting water temperature.

5. The string solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The air-cooled heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation finned tube (32) mounted on the third heat dissipation pipe, and multiple heat dissipation fans (33) disposed on one side of the heat dissipation finned tube (32).

6. The string solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging system also includes a safety protection section, which includes a hydrogen charging system safety valve (12). The hydrogen charging system safety valve (12) is located on the main hydrogen charging pipeline and upstream of the second intersection and downstream of the first pipeline section. The hydrogen charging system safety valve (12) is connected to an external venting pipeline. A pressure relief bypass pipeline is provided across the venting pipeline and the main hydrogen charging pipeline. One end of the pressure relief bypass pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline and is located between the hydrogen charging valve (7) and the hydrogen charging flow meter (6). An automatic pressure relief valve (17), a pressure relief valve downstream shut-off valve (18), and a pressure relief valve downstream check valve (19) are sequentially provided along the airflow direction on the pressure relief bypass pipeline. The hydrogen filling main pipeline is provided with a hydrogen source check valve (2), a hydrogen source pressure transmitter (3), a hydrogen source temperature transmitter (4), and a hydrogen filling flow regulating valve (5) located between the hydrogen source valve (1) and the first pipeline section; the hydrogen filling main pipeline is provided with a hydrogen filling system temperature transmitter (8), a hydrogen filling system pressure transmitter (9), a hydrogen filling system pressure switch (10), and a hydrogen filling system pressure gauge (11) located between the first pipeline section and the hydrogen filling system safety valve (12).

7. The string solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A vacuum line is connected to the hydrogen charging main pipeline at the section between the first pipeline section and the hydrogen charging system temperature transmitter (8). A vacuum pump (26) is connected to the end of the vacuum line. A vacuum filter (23), a vacuum valve (24) and a vacuum gauge (25) are sequentially arranged along the vacuum direction on the vacuum line. A purging pipeline is connected to the main hydrogen charging pipeline at the position between the hydrogen source check valve (2) and the hydrogen source pressure transmitter (3). The end of the purging pipeline is connected to a nitrogen source. A nitrogen purging valve (28) and a nitrogen purging check valve (27) are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction on the purging pipeline.

8. The string solid-state hydrogen storage and charging system with multiple metering and thermal management modes as described in any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging system is used to charge the solid hydrogen storage tanks (54) built into at least two reactors (15). The hydrogen selection valves (56) of each reactor (15) are connected in parallel to the outlet of the main hydrogen charging pipeline. The inlet of the first medium input control pipeline connected to each reactor (15) is connected in parallel to the outlet of the first medium input branch pipeline. The inlet of the second medium input control pipeline connected to each reactor (15) is connected in parallel to the parallel intersection of the outlets of the second medium input branch pipeline and the third medium input branch pipeline.

9. A string-type solid-state hydrogen storage and charging method with multiple metering and thermal management modes, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging method is based on the hydrogen charging system according to any one of claims 6-7, and the hydrogen charging method is performed according to the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the solid hydrogen storage tank (54) before filling with hydrogen using an electronic scale (55), and then place the solid hydrogen storage tank (54) into the inner cavity of the reactor (15); Step 2: Evacuate the inner cavity of the reactor (15) to achieve the set vacuum level. Step 3: Start the electric heater and / or the heat exchange medium temperature control part to heat the inner cavity of the reactor (15), so that the hydrogen storage material filled in the solid hydrogen storage tank (54) in the inner cavity of the reactor (15) is heated; at the same time, open the hydrogen source valve (1) or wait until the hydrogen storage material is heated to the set hydrogen absorption temperature before opening the hydrogen source valve (1), and gaseous hydrogen is filled into the inner cavity of the reactor (15) through the hydrogen filling main pipeline, so that the hydrogen storage material adsorbs the gaseous hydrogen filled into the reactor (15); Step 4: When the instantaneous flow rate collected by the hydrogen flow meter (6) is 0, the hydrogen filling is completed. At this time, close the hydrogen flow regulating valve (5) and the hydrogen filling valve (7), open the free hydrogen discharge valve (16) and the automatic pressure relief valve (17), and the free hydrogen in the reactor (15) and pipeline flows in reverse through the main hydrogen filling pipeline. After being cooled by any one of the three heat dissipation pipelines, it flows into the free hydrogen discharge pipeline, and then through the hydrogen flow meter (6) and is discharged through the pressure relief bypass pipeline. The first hydrogen filling amount is obtained by subtracting the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow meter (6) during the release of free hydrogen from the cumulative flow rate of gaseous hydrogen collected by the hydrogen flow meter (6) when the hydrogen filling is completed. Step 5: Vacuum the inner cavity of the reactor (15) to remove the gaseous hydrogen that has not been completely discharged from the inner cavity of the reactor (15) and complete the hydrogen filling operation; Step 6: Take out the solid hydrogen storage tank (54) after it has been filled with hydrogen from the inner cavity of the reactor (15), and weigh it using an electronic scale (55). Subtract the weight of the solid hydrogen storage tank (54) after filling with hydrogen from the weight before filling with hydrogen to obtain the second amount of hydrogen filled.

Images