Multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system and control method based on power pooling

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle charging technology, and more particularly to a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system and method based on power pooling, comprising: a terminal unit, a group control unit (GCU), and a power distribution unit (PDU). The terminal unit includes a terminal demand calculation module for calculating the required voltage and current of the vehicles and reporting this information via the CAN bus. The GCU includes a power pooling scheduling module for receiving demands from multiple terminals and dynamically grouping the charging modules according to real-time demand and total power capacity, establishing mapping relationships, and issuing commands. The PDU includes a relay matrix drive module and an execution status feedback module. The former drives the relay matrix to establish or disconnect the physical connection between the charging modules and the terminals according to commands, while the latter collects the relay status in real time and feeds it back to the GCU to form a control closed loop. This achieves global pooling and dynamic scheduling of power modules, improving power resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle charging technology, and in particular to a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system and control method based on power pooling. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid popularization of electric vehicles, the demand for DC fast charging piles is increasing. In scenarios such as public charging stations, logistics parks, and bus depots, there is often a practical contradiction: limited parking spaces and limited power capacity, but the need to serve multiple electric vehicles simultaneously. The current mainstream solution is to deploy multiple independent single-gun or dual-gun DC charging piles. Each charging pile is equipped with an independent main control unit, power module, human-machine interface, and communication module. The multiple charging piles are independent of each other, without electrical connection or control coordination.

[0003] Existing technical solutions suffer from the problem of fixed power resources: the power modules of each charging pile are bound to the pile body, forming "power islands". When the demand of a certain charging pile is small, its idle power cannot be allocated to other vehicles that urgently need high-power charging. When a single vehicle needs high-power charging that exceeds the power of the existing single pile, it is also impossible to aggregate the power modules of the surrounding charging piles to provide power in coordination, resulting in limited overall charging efficiency of the station and low utilization of power resources.

[0004] In recent years, some manufacturers have proposed the concept of a "charging stack," which distributes power to multiple charging terminals through a centralized power cabinet. However, in existing charging stack solutions, terminal units typically function only as "controlled terminals," lacking independent BMS interaction and charging process management capabilities. Communication with the vehicle must be handled by a centralized controller, leading to complex communication links, difficulties in fault isolation, and the potential for a single terminal failure to affect the entire system. Furthermore, existing charging stacks lack closed-loop feedback on relay execution status during power switching, failing to effectively guarantee the reliability of power switching. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system and control method based on power pooling, aiming to improve the problem that existing independent charging piles form power islands due to the one-to-one binding of power modules and piles, resulting in the inability to schedule idle power across piles and low power resource utilization when multiple vehicles are running concurrently.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling, comprising:

[0007] Terminal unit: It is equipped with a demand calculation module and a first communication interface, which is used to obtain battery status information from the battery management system (BMS) of the connected electric vehicle, calculate the charging voltage and charging current requirements of the electric vehicle locally according to the preset charging strategy, and send a message carrying the charging voltage and charging current requirements through the first communication interface; wherein, the terminal unit independently completes handshake communication and charging process status management with the BMS.

[0008] Group Control Unit (GCU): Equipped with a second communication interface, a third communication interface, a sixth communication interface, and a power pooling scheduling module; the second communication interface is used to receive messages from multiple terminal units; the sixth communication interface is used to communicate with the charging module group to obtain the total power capacity of the charging module group and the real-time operating status of each charging module; the power pooling scheduling module is used to parse the charging needs of each terminal unit according to the messages, and dynamically group the multiple charging modules to form a one-to-one mapping relationship with the multiple terminal units based on the obtained total power capacity and the real-time operating status of each charging module, and generate relay control commands based on the mapping relationship; the third communication interface is used to send the relay control commands; wherein, there is no direct communication link between the Group Control Unit (GCU) and the BMS.

[0009] Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Equipped with a fourth communication interface, a relay matrix drive module, and an execution status feedback module; the fourth communication interface is used to receive the relay control commands; the relay matrix drive module is used to drive the relay matrix according to the relay control commands to establish or disconnect the physical connection between the charging module and the terminal unit; the execution status feedback module is used to collect the actual on / off status of each relay in the relay matrix in real time, and feed back the actual on / off status to the Group Control Unit (GCU) through the fifth communication interface to form a control closed loop.

[0010] Furthermore, the demand calculation module of the terminal unit is used for:

[0011] Based on the battery state of charge (SOC) and battery voltage fed back by the BMS And battery temperature (Temp) to determine the required charging voltage. And determine the required charging current. ;

[0012] in, For the required voltage, This is the current battery voltage. This is the voltage compensation amount; To meet the current requirements, The mapping function is determined based on the preset charging strategy and implemented using a lookup table.

[0013] Furthermore, the power pooling scheduling module is used for:

[0014] Receive charging demand information from each terminal unit;

[0015] When a single charging module cannot meet the current demand of any terminal unit, calculate the number of charging modules required to be connected in parallel. To form a charging module group, wherein The number of modules required for the i-th terminal unit. For the first The current required by each terminal unit This refers to the rated output current of a single charging module. This indicates the rounding up operation;

[0016] When the total number of available charging modules is insufficient, each terminal unit is sorted and arbitrated according to a preset priority rule to determine the set of charging modules allocated to each terminal unit, and the mapping relationship is generated accordingly.

[0017] Furthermore, the preset priority rules include:

[0018] Obtain at least one parameter from the vehicle's battery SOC, user level, request time, and battery temperature for each terminal unit, and sort the terminal units based on the obtained parameters.

[0019] Furthermore, the relay matrix driving module is used to determine the target relay and its action type according to the relay control command and the predefined topology of the relay matrix, and generate a driving signal;

[0020] The execution status feedback module is used to compare the actual on / off state of each relay in the relay matrix with the target on / off state corresponding to the relay control command element by element, and trigger the fault handling process when the comparison results are inconsistent.

[0021] Furthermore, the relay control command is a group status command, which includes at least:

[0022] The target connection relationship between the output terminal of each charging module and the input terminal of each terminal unit;

[0023] The existing connections that need to be disconnected for the target connection relationship;

[0024] Timing constraints and fault handling rules for relay operation.

[0025] Furthermore, the execution status feedback module is used for:

[0026] The actual on / off state of each relay in the relay matrix is ​​collected to form an actual state vector. ,in Indicates the first The relay is actually closed. This indicates that the connection has actually been disconnected;

[0027] The target state vector is derived by parsing the grouping state command. ,in Indicates the first The relay should be closed. This indicates that the connection should be made.

[0028] Perform an element-by-element comparison between the actual state vector and the target state vector: if for all All If the result is successful, the execution is considered successful; otherwise, the execution is considered unsuccessful.

[0029] Furthermore, the execution status feedback module generates an execution result containing fault information. When execution fails, the fault information includes at least one of the following: fault type code, fault relay number, target state value and actual state value of the relay, and complete actual state vector. With the target state vector The comparison difference data.

[0030] Furthermore, the execution status feedback module reports the execution result to the group control unit (GCU) through the fifth communication interface; the GCU performs subsequent processing based on the status code in the execution result: if the execution is successful, it confirms the current group status and continues the charging process; if the execution fails, it performs at least one of the following: recording a fault log, issuing an alarm message, re-issuing the relay control command, or performing emergency shutdown protection. Secondly, the present invention provides the following technical solution to implement the above system: a control method for a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Terminal demand collection and reporting: Multiple terminal units obtain battery status information from the BMS of their respective connected electric vehicles, calculate the charging demand voltage and charging demand current locally, and report a message carrying the charging demand voltage and charging demand current through the first communication interface; wherein, the group control unit GCU does not participate in the handshake communication between any terminal unit and the corresponding BMS or the charging process status management.

[0032] S2. Group Control Scheduling Decision: The group control unit receives demand messages from multiple terminal units through the second communication interface, obtains the total power capacity of the charging module group and the real-time operating status of each charging module; for each terminal unit, if a single charging module cannot meet its demand current, the number of charging modules required to be connected in parallel is calculated. When the total number of available charging modules is insufficient, the allocation arbitration is carried out according to the preset priority rules to form a mapping relationship between each terminal unit and the charging module; based on the mapping relationship, a group status instruction containing the target connection relationship and the original connection relationship to be disconnected is generated as the relay control instruction;

[0033] S3. Physical connection execution: The power distribution unit receives the group status command and drives the corresponding relay to perform closing or opening actions according to the predefined topology of the relay matrix, so as to establish or disconnect the physical connection between the charging module and the terminal unit.

[0034] S4. State Feedback and Element-by-Element Comparison: The power distribution unit collects the actual on / off state of each relay in the relay matrix in real time, forming an actual state vector. and the target state vector derived from the grouped state command. Perform element-by-element comparison;

[0035] S5. Closed-loop processing: If If the group status is confirmed, the charging process continues; otherwise, at least one of the following operations is performed: fault recording, alarm, retransmission of the relay control command, or emergency stop.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. In this invention, the charging module group is centrally managed and dynamically grouped through the Group Control Unit (GCU), abstracting the power modules into a unified resource pool, thus breaking the power island dilemma of traditional independent charging piles. When the demand of a terminal decreases or charging ends, the module it occupies is immediately released back to the resource pool for use by other terminals. When a terminal needs high-power charging, multiple modules can be aggregated and connected in parallel to provide services, realizing on-demand dynamic allocation of power resources and significantly improving the overall charging efficiency of the charging station.

[0038] 2. In this invention, the terminal unit independently retains the communication link with the electric vehicle BMS and completes the charging demand calculation locally. The group control unit (GCU) does not participate in the handshake communication between the terminal and the BMS or the charging process status management, thus achieving complete decoupling between the terminal and the power source. This avoids the single-point failure risk and communication delay caused by the centralized controller acting as an agent for communication, while also allowing the terminal unit to use the existing main control board hardware of the independent charging pile, reducing system costs.

[0039] 3. In this invention, a power pooling scheduling module is integrated into the Group Control Unit (GCU). This module can simultaneously receive power demand requests from multiple terminal units, sort the requests according to preset priority rules (such as sorting based on parameters like SOC, VIP level, request time, and battery temperature), detect conflicts, arbitrate requests with power resource contention, and determine the final power allocation for each terminal unit. This mechanism effectively solves the problems of logical confusion, power over-allocation, or resource starvation in scenarios with multiple guns requesting power simultaneously, ensuring that the system state remains deterministic and predictable under high concurrency.

[0040] 4. In this invention, by executing the state feedback module and the control closed-loop mechanism, the system can detect the consistency between the actual state of the relay matrix and the command target in real time, and use an element-by-element comparison method to determine whether the actual action of each relay is completely consistent with the command. When faults such as relay sticking or drive failure occur, the fault handling process (such as retry, switching to backup relays, alarms, etc.) can be identified and triggered within milliseconds, avoiding charging interruption or safety risks caused by power switching failure. Compared with an open-loop control system without feedback, the system reliability and fault self-healing capability of this invention are significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling proposed in this invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method of the multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] In a first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a terminal unit, a group control unit (GCU), and a power distribution unit (PDU);

[0046] The terminal demand calculation module, located in the terminal unit, is used to calculate the current demand voltage and current of the charging vehicle while retaining the human-machine interaction function and the communication function with the electric vehicle BMS, and to report the demand voltage and current through the CAN bus.

[0047] The communication interface of this invention is not limited to the CAN bus, but can also use other methods such as RS485, Ethernet, industrial wireless communication, as long as reliable data transmission between the terminal unit and the group control unit, and between the group control unit and the power distribution unit can be achieved.

[0048] Furthermore, in the terminal demand calculation module, the steps of calculating the current charging vehicle's required voltage and current, and reporting these requirements via the CAN bus, specifically include:

[0049] In response to the physical connection between the charging gun and the vehicle and the handshake communication completed, the user identity information and charging start command are obtained through the human-machine interface, and the initial state parameters of the vehicle battery are obtained.

[0050] The user interacts with the charging operation platform to authenticate their identity information, and after successful authentication, the charging process state machine is activated to maintain the charging process status in real time.

[0051] During the charging process, the current SOC, current voltage, and current temperature status parameters of the vehicle battery are acquired according to a preset cycle.

[0052] Based on the current state parameters of the vehicle battery and in conjunction with the preset charging strategy, calculate the current required charging voltage and charging current.

[0053] The calculated charging voltage and charging current are encapsulated into CAN messages according to the preset CAN communication protocol and reported to the group control unit (GCU) via the CAN bus.

[0054] Specifically, the terminal demand calculation module is located in the terminal unit, which uses the existing main control board of the independent charging pile. This module calculates the required voltage and current of the vehicle being charged, while retaining human-machine interaction and communication functions with the electric vehicle's BMS. It then reports these requirements to the group control unit (GCU) via the CAN bus. The specific implementation process is as follows: After the charging gun is physically connected to the vehicle, the terminal unit establishes a communication connection with the vehicle's BMS via the CAN bus, following communication protocols such as GB / T 27930. Upon successful handshake, the terminal unit obtains user identity information and charging start commands through the human-machine interface. Simultaneously, the terminal unit obtains the initial state parameters of the vehicle's battery through the BMS communication interface. These initial state parameters include battery type, rated voltage, rated capacity, initial SOC, and battery temperature.

[0055] The terminal unit sends the acquired user identity information to the charging operation platform via the 4G communication module for interactive authentication. The charging operation platform verifies the user's identity, account balance, and charging permissions, and returns the authentication result. After successful authentication, the terminal unit activates its built-in charging process state machine to maintain the current charging process state in real time. The charging process state includes standby state, handshake state, parameter configuration state, charging state, and charging completion state. During the charging process, the terminal demand calculation module obtains the current state parameters of the vehicle battery through the BMS communication interface at preset intervals. The current state parameters include at least the battery's current SOC, current voltage value, and current temperature value.

[0056] The terminal demand calculation module calculates the required charging voltage and current at the current moment based on the acquired vehicle battery current state parameters and a preset charging strategy. The preset charging strategy is either a recommended charging curve provided by the battery manufacturer or a charging strategy specified by national standards. As a specific implementation method, the formula for calculating the required voltage is:

[0057] ;

[0058] in, For the required voltage, This is the currently collected battery voltage. This is a voltage compensation amount determined according to the charging strategy, which is used to overcome line voltage drop and ensure charging stability.

[0059] The required current is calculated based on the battery's charging stage. During the constant current charging stage, the required current is... The current is a preset constant current value; during the constant voltage charging phase, the required current is dynamically adjusted based on the deviation between the battery voltage and the target voltage. Specifically, the formula for calculating the required current is:

[0060] ;

[0061] Where SOC is the current state of charge, and Temp is the current battery temperature. This is the current battery voltage. (Function) To achieve this, a lookup table is used based on the mapping relationship determined by the preset charging strategy. That is, the recommended charging current value is taken from the battery manufacturer according to the different SOC and temperature ranges.

[0062] The terminal demand calculation module will calculate the charging demand voltage. and charging current requirements The system encapsulates the data according to the preset CAN communication protocol to generate a standard CAN message. The CAN message includes a message identifier, data length, and a data field, where the data field must contain at least the required voltage and current values. After encapsulation, the terminal demand calculation module reports the CAN message to the group control unit (GCU) via the CAN bus for subsequent power scheduling processing.

[0063] The power pooling scheduling module, located in the group control unit (GCU), is used to receive one or more demand voltages and demand currents, and dynamically group the charging modules in the charging module group according to the real-time demand of each terminal unit and the total power capacity, so as to establish a mapping relationship between the terminal units and the charging modules, and generate and issue grouping status instructions.

[0064] Furthermore, in the power pooling scheduling module, the steps of dynamically grouping the charging modules in the charging module group to establish a mapping relationship between the terminal unit and the charging module, and generating and issuing group status instructions specifically include:

[0065] The system receives one or more reported charging voltage and charging current requirements via CAN bus polling, and parses and buffers the received data.

[0066] Obtain the total power capacity of the charging module group in the current system and the real-time operating status of each charging module;

[0067] Based on the charging current and voltage requirements of each terminal unit, and combined with the real-time operating status of each charging module, calculate the number of charging modules currently required by each terminal unit.

[0068] According to the preset allocation strategy, the available charging modules are dynamically allocated to each terminal unit, and a one-to-one or one-to-many mapping relationship is established between the terminal unit and the charging module.

[0069] Based on the mapping relationship, generate a grouped status instruction containing information on the connection relationship between the output terminals of each charging module and the input terminals of each terminal unit;

[0070] The group status command is sent to the relay matrix drive module in the power distribution unit (PDU) via the CAN bus.

[0071] Furthermore, the step of dynamically allocating available charging modules to each terminal unit specifically includes:

[0072] Obtain the current required current value and current required voltage value of each terminal unit, and obtain the rated output current of each available charging module in the charging module group;

[0073] Based on the current demand current value and the rated output current of a single module, calculate the number of charging modules that each terminal unit needs to be allocated at the current moment.

[0074] Determine whether the total number of currently available charging modules meets the sum of the required number of modules for all terminal units;

[0075] If the conditions are met, the corresponding number of charging modules are allocated sequentially from the available charging module pool according to the required number of modules for each terminal unit, establishing a one-to-many mapping relationship between each terminal unit and the charging modules; if the conditions are not met, the terminal units are sorted according to the preset priority rules, and the terminal units with higher priority are allocated sufficient charging modules according to the sorting results, until all available charging modules are allocated.

[0076] Specifically, the power pooling scheduling module receives charging demand voltage and charging demand current reported by one or more terminal demand calculation modules via the CAN bus in a polling manner. Upon receiving each CAN message, the power pooling scheduling module parses the message and extracts the terminal unit identifier and the demand voltage value. and required current value The parsed data is then categorized and cached in local memory according to the terminal unit identifier, awaiting subsequent scheduling processing.

[0077] The power pooling scheduling module communicates with the charging module group through a sixth communication interface, which uses a CAN bus. The power pooling scheduling module broadcasts status query frames to all charging modules via the sixth communication interface at a preset period (e.g., 100ms). Upon receiving the query frame, each charging module returns its operating status data, including but not limited to: online status, current output voltage, current output current, module temperature, fault status code, and maximum output current. The power pooling scheduling module caches this data for subsequent allocation arbitration.

[0078] The power pooling scheduling module determines the charging current required by each terminal unit. Combined with the rated output current of each available charging module in the charging module group Calculate the number of charging modules required for each terminal unit at the current moment. The calculation formula is:

[0079] ;

[0080] in, For the first The number of charging modules currently required for each terminal unit For the first The current current requirement of each terminal unit. This refers to the rated output current of a single charging module. This indicates a floor function (rounding up). This calculation formula ensures that the number of modules allocated to the terminal unit meets its minimum current requirement.

[0081] The power pooling scheduling module counts the total number of all currently available charging modules. And calculate the sum of the required number of modules for all terminal units. Then determine whether the following relationship is satisfied:

[0082] ;

[0083] in, This represents the total number of terminal units currently requesting charging. Based on the determination result, the power pooling scheduling module will execute different allocation strategies.

[0084] Based on the above judgment results, the power pooling scheduling module will handle the situation in the following two ways:

[0085] Scenario 1: Sufficient Resources. If the total number of currently available charging modules meets the sum of the required number of modules for all terminal units, i.e. Then, according to the required number of modules for each terminal unit, a corresponding number of charging modules are sequentially allocated from the available charging module pool, establishing a one-to-many mapping relationship between each terminal unit and the charging modules. The number of charging modules allocated to each terminal unit is equal to the number of modules it requires.

[0086] Scenario 2: Insufficient resources. If the total number of currently available charging modules cannot meet the sum of the required number of modules for all terminal units, i.e. Then, each terminal unit is sorted according to a preset priority rule.

[0087] The preset priority rules include any one or more of the following combinations: priority by vehicle SOC from low to high, priority by user VIP level from high to low, priority by charging request time from first to last, and priority by battery temperature abnormality from high to low.

[0088] As one specific implementation of multi-parameter sorting, when multiple parameters are acquired simultaneously, the system sorts them according to a preset priority hierarchy: first, by user VIP level from high to low; then, by battery SOC from low to high for users with the same VIP level; and finally, by request time for users with the same SOC. As another implementation, the system can also employ multi-level sorting, for example, first sorting by the degree of battery temperature anomaly, prioritizing vehicles with excessively high temperatures, and then sorting by SOC from low to high. As yet another implementation, the system can compare parameters sequentially according to a preset fixed priority order (e.g., VIP level > battery temperature anomaly > SOC > request time) until a ranking is determined. All of these sorting methods can be configured and selected by the system to adapt to the needs of different operational scenarios.

[0089] The power pooling scheduling module allocates sufficient charging modules to terminal units in sequence, starting with the highest priority terminal unit, according to the sorting results, until all available charging modules have been allocated. Terminal units that are not allocated sufficient modules or are not allocated any modules will have their requests marked as waiting and will continue to compete for resources in the next scheduling cycle.

[0090] After the above allocation, the power pooling scheduling module establishes a clear mapping table between terminal units and charging modules. The mapping table contains the following information: the identifier of each charging module, the identifier of the target terminal unit currently assigned to that module, and the role of that module in the current group. The mapping table reflects the connection correspondence between the output terminals of each module and the input terminals of each terminal unit in the charging module group.

[0091] When the power pooling scheduling module allocates two or more charging modules for parallel power supply to the same terminal unit, the group control unit (GCU) broadcasts the same output voltage command to these charging modules through the sixth communication interface. The value of this output voltage command is equal to the voltage demand reported by the terminal unit. After receiving the instruction, each charging module adjusts its output voltage to... The system also activates its internally preset current sharing function (or the group control unit GCU sends independent current reference values ​​to each module via the sixth communication interface, ensuring that the output current of each module is proportionally distributed to its rated capacity). This mechanism ensures that the output voltages of the parallel-operated charging modules are completely consistent, avoiding circulating current problems caused by voltage differences and guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0092] The power pooling scheduling module generates group status commands based on the established mapping table. These group status commands contain target connection information between the outputs of each charging module and the inputs of each terminal unit.

[0093] Specifically, the instructions clearly define the target terminal unit that each charging module needs to connect to, as well as the existing connections that need to be disconnected. The instruction format is encapsulated using a preset CAN communication protocol to ensure that the power distribution unit (PDU) can correctly parse it. The power pooling scheduling module sends the generated group status instructions to the relay matrix drive module in the power distribution unit (PDU) via the third CAN communication interface. After the instructions are sent, the power pooling scheduling module waits to receive the execution result returned by the execution status feedback module to confirm whether the instructions have been executed correctly, and to resend or trigger the fault handling process if necessary.

[0094] The relay matrix drive module, located in the power distribution unit (PDU), is used to receive group status commands and drive the internal relay matrix to perform on / off operations according to the commands, so as to establish or disconnect the physical connection between each charging module and each terminal unit.

[0095] Furthermore, in the relay matrix drive module, the steps for establishing or disconnecting the physical connection between each charging module and each terminal unit specifically include:

[0096] The system receives and parses group status commands sent via the CAN bus to obtain the target connection relationship between each charging module and each terminal unit.

[0097] Generate relay matrix drive signals based on the target connection relationship;

[0098] The drive signal is output to the drive circuit of the relay matrix to control the corresponding power relay to perform closing or opening actions;

[0099] Monitor the execution status of the drive circuit to confirm whether each target relay completes its action according to the instructions, so as to establish or disconnect the physical connection between each charging module and each terminal unit.

[0100] Furthermore, the steps for generating the relay matrix drive signal specifically include:

[0101] Obtain the target connection relationship between each charging module and each terminal unit after parsing;

[0102] Read the current relay matrix topology;

[0103] Based on the target connection relationship and topology, traverse each charging module to determine the target relay that needs to be activated;

[0104] Based on the determined target relay and its action type, the corresponding relay matrix drive signal is generated.

[0105] Specifically, the relay matrix driver module receives group status commands from the group control unit (GCU) via the fourth communication interface. After receiving the commands, the relay matrix driver module parses the command data and extracts the target connection relationships between each charging module and each terminal unit according to a preset communication protocol. These target connection relationships are presented in the form of a mapping table, clearly indicating which terminal unit's input terminal each charging module's output terminal needs to connect to. The relay matrix driver module reads the predefined topology of the current relay matrix from local memory. The topology describes the internal connection method of the relay matrix, specifically including: which input contacts of the relay matrix each charging module's output terminal corresponds to, which output contacts of the relay matrix each terminal unit's input terminal corresponds to, and the position of each relay in the matrix and its control path. This topology is configured during system initialization and remains unchanged during operation.

[0106] The relay matrix drive module, based on the parsed target connection relationships and the read relay matrix topology, traverses each charging module to determine the target relay requiring the action. The specific determination logic is as follows: For the first... A charging module, whose target terminal unit is denoted as . The relay matrix driver module searches the topology for the relay paths required to reach each terminal unit from the output of the charging module. If the terminal unit currently connected to the charging module is... and and If the paths differ, then the relays on the current path need to be disconnected, and the relays on the target path need to be closed. The set of relays that need to be activated is represented as follows:

[0107] ;

[0108] in, For a set of relays that need to operate, This refers to the set of relays that need to be switched from the open state to the closed state, i.e., the relays on the target path that are currently in the open state; This is the set of relays that need to be switched from a closed state to an open state, i.e., the relays that need to be released on the current path.

[0109] The relay matrix drive module generates corresponding relay matrix drive signals based on the determined target relays and their operating types. The drive signal is a data sequence containing control instructions for each target relay coil. For each target relay, the drive signal specifies the excitation state of its coil: a drive voltage is applied to the coil that needs to be closed, and the drive voltage is removed from the coil that needs to be opened. The logic for generating the drive signal can be expressed as follows:

[0110] ;

[0111] in, For the set of driving signals, For the target relay identifier, This refers to the action type corresponding to the relay.

[0112] The relay matrix drive module outputs the generated drive signal to the drive circuit of the relay matrix. The drive circuit, implemented using MOSFETs or Darlington arrays, applies a 24V or 12V DC voltage to the corresponding relay coil based on the received drive signal, controlling the relay contacts to close or open. The drive circuit has sufficient drive capability to ensure reliable operation of high-power relays. After the drive signal is output, the relay matrix drive module monitors the actual execution status of each target relay through the status feedback channel of the drive circuit. The status feedback channel detects the relay coil current or auxiliary contact status to determine whether the relay has completed the action according to the instruction. The relay matrix drive module records the actual action result of each target relay, preparing it for acquisition by the execution status feedback module.

[0113] Through the above steps, once all target relays have completed their actions as instructed, a new path is established within the relay matrix. For each charging module, its output is connected to the input of the target terminal unit via a closed relay contact, thus establishing a physical connection; simultaneously, the original connection path is severed due to the relays opening. At this point, the relay matrix drive module has completed the reconfiguration of the physical connection between the charging modules and the terminal unit.

[0114] The execution status feedback module, located in the power distribution unit (PDU), is used to collect the actual on / off status of each relay in the relay matrix in real time and feed the execution results back to the group control unit (GCU) to form a control closed loop.

[0115] Furthermore, in the execution status feedback module, the steps to form a control closed loop specifically include:

[0116] The actual on / off state of each power relay in the relay matrix is ​​acquired in real time through the status acquisition circuit.

[0117] The actual on / off status collected is compared with the target connection relationship in the group status instruction to determine whether the actual action of each target relay is consistent with the instruction requirements; if the actual action of all target relays is consistent with the instruction requirements, an execution result containing an execution success status code is generated.

[0118] If the actual action of the target relay is inconsistent with the command requirements, an execution result containing fault information will be generated based on the specific circumstances of the inconsistency.

[0119] The execution results are reported to the group control unit (GCU) via the CAN bus, so that the GCU can confirm the current group status or trigger the fault handling process based on the execution results, thus forming a control closed loop.

[0120] Specifically, the execution status feedback module acquires the actual on / off state of each power relay in the relay matrix in real time through a status acquisition circuit. The status acquisition circuit consists of optocoupler isolation devices, a voltage divider resistor network, and an AD sampling circuit, with each relay configured with an independent acquisition channel. The acquisition circuit is connected to the relay contacts. When the relay is closed, the voltage across the contacts is close to zero, and the acquisition circuit outputs a low-level signal; when the relay is open, the voltage across the contacts is the bus voltage, and the acquisition circuit outputs a high-level signal. The execution status feedback module converts the acquired analog signals into digital signals according to a preset sampling period to obtain the current on / off state value of each relay. The actual on / off state of each relay is represented as follows:

[0121] ;

[0122] in, For the first The actual on / off state value of each relay, where 1 represents the closed state and 0 represents the open state.

[0123] The execution status feedback module organizes the actual on / off states of all collected relays according to a predefined relay number order, forming the actual state vector of the relay matrix at the current moment:

[0124] ;

[0125] in, This represents the total number of relays in the relay matrix. This state vector reflects the current physical connection status of the entire relay matrix.

[0126] The execution state feedback module retrieves the most recently received group state instruction from local memory and parses it to obtain the target connection relationship required in the instruction. Based on the target connection relationship, it derives the theoretically correct state of each relay, forming a target state vector:

[0127] ;

[0128] in, For the first Each relay is a state value that it should reach according to the instruction. 1 represents that it should be closed and 0 represents that it should be open.

[0129] The execution state feedback module will execute the actual state vector With the target state vector Perform an element-by-element comparison to determine whether the actual action of each relay matches the instruction requirements. The comparison logic is as follows:

[0130] For the A relay, if If the relay operates correctly, then the relay is functioning correctly; if If so, the relay operates incorrectly. The overall consistency judgment condition is:

[0131] ;

[0132] That is, the execution result is considered successful only when the actual state of all relays is completely consistent with the target state; if the actual state of any relay is inconsistent with the target state, the execution result is considered a failure.

[0133] Based on the comparison results above, the execution status feedback module generates the corresponding execution result data packet:

[0134] Scenario 1: Execution Successful. If the actual actions of all target relays are consistent with the instruction requirements, an execution result containing an execution success status code is generated. The execution success status code is a preset hexadecimal value, such as 0x00. The execution result also includes the current actual state vector. This allows the Group Control Unit (GCU) to confirm the final grouping status.

[0135] Scenario 2: Execution Failure. If the actual action of the target relay is inconsistent with the instruction requirements, an execution result containing fault information will be generated based on the specific circumstances of the inconsistency. The fault information includes at least: fault type code, the relay number that failed, the target state value of the relay, and its actual state value. The fault type is determined based on the specific abnormal situation, including relay failure to close when it should have closed, relay failure to disconnect when it should have disconnected, and multiple relay state abnormalities. The execution result also includes the actual state vector. and target state vector This is used for fault diagnosis by the group control unit (GCU).

[0136] The execution status feedback module encapsulates the generated execution results according to the preset CAN communication protocol, generating a standard CAN message. The CAN message includes a message identifier, data length, and a data field, where the data field contains at least the execution status code, fault information, and actual state vector data. After encapsulation, the execution status feedback module reports the execution results to the group control unit (GCU) via the fifth CAN communication interface. Upon receiving the execution results reported by the execution status feedback module, the GCU performs subsequent processing based on the status code in the execution results: if a successful execution status code is received, it confirms that the current group status has been correctly established and continues the normal charging process; if an execution result containing fault information is received, it triggers the corresponding fault handling process according to the fault type, including recording a fault log, issuing an alarm message, attempting to reissue the command, isolating the faulty unit, or executing an emergency shutdown protection. Through this feedback mechanism, a complete control closed loop is formed from command issuance, action execution, to status confirmation.

[0137] The system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention has the following advantages compared with existing charging piles:

[0138] 1. By employing an element-by-element comparison mechanism in the execution status feedback module, the system can detect faults such as relay sticking and drive failure within one control cycle (typically 10ms-100ms), and automatically trigger retry, alarm, or emergency shutdown. In contrast, existing open-loop controlled charging piles typically require several seconds or even minutes to detect power switching anomalies. Compared to existing solutions, the fault detection delay of this invention is significantly reduced, effectively avoiding charging interruptions or safety risks caused by power switching failures.

[0139] 2. The group status command includes both the target connection relationship and the original connection relationship to be disconnected, enabling the relay matrix drive module to disconnect the original connection and then establish a new connection according to the topology (or establish a new connection and then disconnect the old connection according to the safety policy). This avoids the risk of power interruption or instantaneous overload caused by the "disconnect all first and then connect all" approach in traditional solutions, achieving seamless power switching and ensuring the continuity of the charging process.

[0140] 3. The terminal unit independently maintains communication with the vehicle's BMS, and the group control unit (GCU) does not participate in the handshake between the terminal and the BMS or the charging process status management. Even if the group control unit (GCU) or the power distribution unit (PDU) fails, the terminal unit can still maintain communication with the vehicle and quickly resume charging after the fault is resolved. This avoids the risk of all charging terminals going offline simultaneously due to a failure of the centralized controller in existing charging piles, significantly improving system availability.

[0141] 4. By abstracting charging modules into a unified resource pool through a power pooling scheduling module, and dynamically grouping them according to the real-time needs of each terminal unit, the modules occupied by a terminal are immediately released for use by other terminals when the demand of a terminal decreases. When a terminal needs high power, multiple modules can be aggregated and connected in parallel to provide power. Compared with the independent charging pile solution, more vehicles can be served simultaneously with the same total power capacity, and the overall charging efficiency of the charging station is significantly improved.

[0142] Example 2:

[0143] In terms of power resource scheduling, existing independent charging piles bind their power modules to the pile itself, forming isolated "power islands." When the demand from a particular charging pile is low, its idle power cannot be allocated to other vehicles urgently needing high-power charging. Conversely, when a single vehicle requires a high-power charge exceeding the capacity of a single charging pile, it cannot aggregate the power modules of surrounding charging piles for coordinated power supply. This results in low overall power resource utilization at the charging station, hindering on-demand dynamic power allocation and multi-terminal concurrent scheduling. To address these issues, this invention provides a control method for a multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The specific implementation process of this method is as follows:

[0144] The terminal demand calculation module, located in the terminal unit, calculates the current demand voltage and current of the charging vehicle while retaining the human-machine interaction function and the communication function with the electric vehicle BMS. The demand voltage and current are then reported to the group control unit GCU via the CAN bus.

[0145] The power pooling scheduling module set in the group control unit (GCU) receives the demand voltage and demand current reported by one or more terminal demand calculation modules. Based on the real-time demand of each terminal unit and the total power capacity, it dynamically groups the charging modules in the charging module group to establish a mapping relationship between the terminal units and the charging modules, and generates and sends grouping status instructions to the power allocation unit (PDU).

[0146] The relay matrix drive module in the power distribution unit (PDU) receives group status commands and drives the internal relay matrix to perform on / off operations according to the commands, so as to establish or disconnect the physical connection between each charging module and each terminal unit.

[0147] The execution status feedback module, located in the power distribution unit (PDU), collects the actual on / off status of each relay in the relay matrix in real time and feeds back the execution results to the group control unit (GCU). The GCU then uses the execution results to confirm the current group status or trigger a fault handling process, thus forming a control closed loop.

[0148] Specifically, firstly, the terminal demand calculation module, located in the terminal unit, calculates the current voltage and current demand of the charging vehicle while retaining human-machine interaction and communication functions with the electric vehicle's BMS. This demand is then reported to the group control unit (GCU) via the CAN bus. Subsequently, the power pooling scheduling module, located in the GCU, receives the reported voltage and current demand from one or more terminal demand calculation modules. Based on the real-time demand and total power capacity of each terminal unit, it dynamically groups the charging modules in the charging module group to establish a mapping relationship between the terminal units and the charging modules. It then generates and sends grouping status commands to... The power distribution unit (PDU) is used for power allocation. Next, the relay matrix drive module within the PDU receives group status commands and drives the internal relay matrix to perform on / off operations, establishing or severing the physical connection between each charging module and each terminal unit. Finally, the execution status feedback module within the PDU collects the actual on / off status of each relay in the relay matrix in real time and feeds the execution results back to the group control unit (GCU). The GCU then confirms the current group status or triggers a fault handling process based on the execution results, forming a complete control closed loop from demand reporting, power scheduling, physical execution to status feedback.

[0149] Example 3:

[0150] To more clearly illustrate the power pooling and dynamic scheduling process of the present invention, specific numerical examples are described below.

[0151] Assume the system is configured with six 20kW charging modules, for a total power capacity of 120kW. Currently, three terminal units (Terminal A, Terminal B, and Terminal C) simultaneously initiate charging requests. Each terminal unit communicates independently with the vehicle's BMS through its internal terminal demand calculation module, and the calculated demand parameters are as follows:

[0152] Terminal A: The vehicle requires a current of 120A (approximately 60kW). Calculate the required number of modules based on the output capacity of a single module. indivual;

[0153] Terminal B: Vehicle requires 80A of current (approximately 40kW), number of modules required. indivual;

[0154] Terminal C: Vehicle requires 40A of current (approximately 20kW), number of modules required indivual.

[0155] Total number of required modules Currently, there are a total of 6 available modules, which is sufficient. The power pooling scheduling module allocates modules sequentially from the available module pool: modules 1, 2, and 3 are allocated to terminal A; modules 4 and 5 are allocated to terminal B; and module 6 is allocated to terminal C. The generated mapping table is sent to the power allocation unit (PDU) via the CAN bus. The relay matrix drive module drives the corresponding relays to close according to the instructions, establishing the physical connection between each module and the terminal, and charging begins.

[0156] During charging, the vehicle battery corresponding to terminal A enters the constant voltage charging stage, and the required current drops to 40A. The terminal demand calculation module calculates the new demand in the next cycle and reports the updated required voltage and current to the GCU. The power pooling scheduling module in the GCU recalculates the required number of modules: terminal A requires 1 module, terminal B still requires 2, and terminal C still requires 1, for a total of 4 modules. At this time, the available module pool contains 2 modules released by terminal A (original modules 2 and 3) and 0 modules that were originally idle, for a total of 2 available modules (but the total demand is reduced, so only the allocation needs to be adjusted). The power pooling scheduling module generates a new mapping relationship: terminal A retains only module 1, terminal B still uses modules 4 and 5, terminal C still uses module 6, and modules 2 and 3 are released into standby or made available for use by other terminals. The relay matrix drive module performs a switch, disconnecting modules 2 and 3 from terminal A, but without affecting the charging process of other terminals.

[0157] If at a certain moment, terminal B's demand increases to 120A (requiring 3 modules), but the total number of available modules is 6, with terminal A occupying 1, terminal C occupying 1, and terminal B originally occupying 2, leaving 2 available modules (modules 2 and 3), it is insufficient to meet terminal B's need for an additional module. At this point, the power pooling scheduling module sorts the terminals according to a preset priority rule (e.g., by SOC from low to high, VIP level, etc.). Assuming terminal A's current SOC is 80%, terminal B's SOC is 30%, and terminal C's SOC is 50%, according to the SOC priority rule from low to high, terminal B has the highest priority, followed by terminal C, and terminal A has the lowest. The scheduling module prioritizes meeting terminal B's 3-module requirement, allocating modules 4 and 5, as well as the idle module 2, to terminal B; terminal C retains 1 module; terminal A is allocated only 1 module (module 1); and the remaining module 3 enters standby. If there is still a shortage, the terminal with the lowest priority will have its allocated modules reduced, thus achieving competitive allocation of power resources and ensuring that high-priority vehicles receive as much power support as possible.

[0158] Through the above dynamic adjustments, the system realizes on-demand scheduling and concurrent allocation of power modules among multiple terminals, fully demonstrating the flexibility and reliability brought by power pooling and closed-loop feedback.

[0159] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power-pooling based multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system, characterized in that, include: Terminal unit: It is equipped with a demand calculation module and a first communication interface, which is used to obtain battery status information from the battery management system (BMS) of the connected electric vehicle, calculate the charging voltage and charging current requirements of the electric vehicle locally according to the preset charging strategy, and send a message carrying the demand information through the first communication interface; wherein, the terminal unit independently completes handshake communication and charging process status management with the BMS. The Group Control Unit (GCU) is equipped with a second communication interface, a third communication interface, a sixth communication interface, and a power pooling scheduling module. The second communication interface receives messages from multiple terminal units. The sixth communication interface communicates with the charging module group to obtain the total power capacity of the charging module group and the real-time operating status of each charging module. The power pooling scheduling module parses the charging needs of each terminal unit based on the messages and dynamically groups multiple charging modules to form a one-to-one mapping relationship with the multiple terminal units based on the obtained total power capacity and the real-time operating status of each charging module. It then generates relay control commands based on the mapping relationship. The relay control commands are grouping status commands, which at least include: the target connection relationship between the output terminal of each charging module and the input terminal of each terminal unit; the original connection relationship that needs to be disconnected for the target connection relationship; the timing constraints and fault handling rules for relay action execution; and the third communication interface is used to send the relay control commands. There is no direct communication link between the GCU and the BMS. Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Equipped with a fourth communication interface, a fifth communication interface, a relay matrix drive module, and an execution status feedback module; the fourth communication interface is used to receive the relay control commands; the relay matrix drive module is used to drive the relay matrix according to the relay control commands to establish or disconnect the physical connection between the charging module and the terminal unit; The execution status feedback module is used for: Collecting the actual on-off state of each relay in the relay matrix to form an actual state vector wherein represents the actual closing of the th relay, represents the actual opening. The target state vector is derived by parsing the grouping state command. ,in Indicates the first The relay should be closed. This indicates that the connection should be made. Perform an element-by-element comparison between the actual state vector and the target state vector: if for all All If the result is successful, the execution is considered successful; otherwise, the execution is considered unsuccessful, and an execution result containing fault information is generated. The fault information includes at least one of the following: fault type code, fault relay number, target state value and actual state value of the relay, and complete actual state vector. With the target state vector Comparison of difference data; The execution status feedback module reports the execution result to the group control unit (GCU) through the fifth communication interface; the group control unit (GCU) performs subsequent processing based on the status code in the execution result: if the execution is successful, it confirms the current group status and continues the charging process; if the execution fails, it performs at least one of the following: recording a fault log, issuing an alarm message, re-issuing the relay control command, or performing emergency shutdown protection.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The demand calculation module of the terminal unit is used for: According to the battery state of charge SOC, battery voltage and battery temperature Temp fed back by the BMS, the charging demand voltage is determined; and determine the charging demand current ; in, For the required voltage, This is the current battery voltage. This is the voltage compensation amount; To meet the current requirements, The mapping function is determined based on the preset charging strategy and implemented using a lookup table.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein, The power pooling scheduling module is used for: Receive charging demand information from each terminal unit; When a single charging module cannot meet the current demand of any terminal unit, calculate the number of charging modules required to be connected in parallel. To form a charging module group, wherein The number of modules required for the i-th terminal unit. For the first The current required by each terminal unit This refers to the rated output current of a single charging module. This indicates the rounding up operation; When the total number of available charging modules is insufficient, each terminal unit is sorted and arbitrated according to a preset priority rule to determine the set of charging modules allocated to each terminal unit, and the mapping relationship is generated accordingly.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein, The preset priority rule includes: obtaining at least one parameter from the vehicle's battery SOC, user level, request time, and battery temperature for each terminal unit, and sorting each terminal unit based on the obtained parameters.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, The relay matrix driving module is used to determine the target relay and its action type according to the relay control command and the predefined topology of the relay matrix, and to generate a driving signal. The execution status feedback module is used to compare the actual on / off state of each relay in the relay matrix with the target on / off state corresponding to the relay control command element by element, and trigger the fault handling process when the comparison results are inconsistent.

6. The control method of the multi-terminal concurrent scheduling charging group control system based on power pooling, characterized in that, The system applied to any one of claims 1 to 5 includes the following steps: S1 Terminal Demand Collection and Reporting: Multiple terminal units obtain battery status information from the BMS of their respective connected electric vehicles, calculate the charging demand voltage and charging demand current locally, and report a message carrying the demand information through the first communication interface; wherein, the group control unit GCU does not participate in the handshake communication between any terminal unit and the corresponding BMS or the charging process status management. S2 Group Control Scheduling Decision: The group control unit receives demand messages from multiple terminal units through the second communication interface, obtains the total power capacity of the charging module group and the real-time operating status of each charging module; for each terminal unit, if a single charging module cannot meet its demand current, the number of charging modules required to be connected in parallel is calculated. When the total number of available charging modules is insufficient, the allocation arbitration is carried out according to the preset priority rules to form a mapping relationship between each terminal unit and the charging module; based on the mapping relationship, a group status instruction containing the target connection relationship and the original connection relationship to be disconnected is generated as the relay control instruction; S3 Physical Connection Execution: The power distribution unit receives the group status command and drives the corresponding relay to perform closing or opening actions according to the predefined topology of the relay matrix, so as to establish or disconnect the physical connection between the charging module and the terminal unit. S4 State Feedback and Element-by-Element Comparison: The power distribution unit collects the actual on / off state of each relay in the relay matrix in real time, forming an actual state vector. and the target state vector derived from the grouped state command. Perform element-by-element comparison; S5 closed loop processing: if then the packet status is confirmed and the charging process is continued; otherwise at least one of fault recording, alarm, re-issuing the relay control command or performing emergency shutdown is performed.

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