A method of sampling formation gas

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of stratum gas sampling method, belong to the technical field of drilling equipment, solve the problem of one of the existing drilling rescue gas production method in the prior art, which affects decision-making and rescue efficiency, low matching precision of gas production and drilling depth, poor gas purity, distorted detection data, with the problem of not smooth gas transmission efficiency due to drill bit vibration gas path.The present application includes step 1: selecting drilling point, controlling drilling unit to drill to the specified depth of stratum;Step 2: the sampling unit is inserted into the specified depth along with the drilling unit, and the sampling unit is started to collect stratum gas;Step 3: the collected gas is transported to the detection unit, and the composition of the gas is analyzed by the detection unit;Step 4: the analysis result is displayed on the display unit, and the operator makes a decision.The present application realizes the integration of drilling and gas production, improves the matching precision of gas production and drilling depth, smooth gas transmission, high detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and in particular to a formation gas sampling method and a drilling-type gas extraction device. Background Technology

[0002] In emergency rescue operations, underground gas parameters at specified depths are crucial for assessing potential disaster risks and the safety of the rescue environment. Accurate collection and rapid detection directly impact the efficiency of rescue decision-making and the accuracy of exploration. In emergency rescue scenarios, it is essential to quickly obtain gas samples from specific depths to determine the presence of buried individuals, thus providing support for rescue efforts.

[0003] Currently, underground gas collection and drilling mostly adopt a "drill first, then collect" separation mode, that is, drilling is completed first, and then the gas collection device is lowered to collect the gas. Subsequent testing shows that, on the one hand, it affects the efficiency of decision-making and rescue, and on the other hand, the matching accuracy between gas collection and drilling depth is low, the sample representativeness is poor, the gas purity during gas collection is poor, the test data is distorted, and the gas transmission efficiency is low, which cannot truly reflect the target stratum conditions and affects the scientific nature of decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a formation gas sampling method to solve one of the problems in the existing drilling rescue gas sampling methods, which affect decision-making and rescue efficiency, have low accuracy in matching gas sampling with drilling depth, poor gas purity, distorted detection data, and have gas transmission efficiency affected by the obstruction of gas path due to drill bit vibration.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: One aspect of the present invention provides a formation gas sampling method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select drilling points and control the drilling unit to drill down to the specified depth in the formation; Step 2: The sampling unit extends into the designated depth along with the drilling unit, and the sampling unit is activated to collect formation gas; Step 3: The collected gas is transported to the detection unit, where its composition is analyzed. Step 4: The analysis results are displayed on the display unit, and the operator makes a decision.

[0006] Repeat steps 1-4.

[0007] Further, step 1 specifically includes: Step 1.1: Select drilling locations based on on-site survey information; Step 1.2: Drill the drilling unit down to the specified depth in the formation.

[0008] Further, step 1.2 specifically includes: Step 1.2.1: Adjust the angle adjustment unit to keep the drill string vertically downward; Step 1.2.2: Drive the motor to drive the drill bit downward to the target depth.

[0009] Furthermore, the drilling unit in step 1 includes a drill frame, a sliding seat, a drive motor, a auger drill rod, and an auger drill bit; The drill frame is equipped with a sliding seat, on which a drive motor is mounted. The lower end of the drive motor is connected to the auger bit to drive the auger rod to rotate. An air hose reel is installed on the top of the drill frame for winding and unwinding the air supply hose.

[0010] Further, in step 1.2.1, the angle adjustment unit includes a connector, a first hinge cylinder, and a second hinge cylinder; the two ends of the connector are respectively hinged to the drilling unit and the motion unit, the two ends of the first hinge cylinder are respectively hinged to the drilling unit and the connector, and the two ends of the second hinge cylinder are respectively hinged to the connector and the motion unit.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1.2.2, the drive motor drives the auger drill rod to rotate at high speed, and the pressurized oil cylinder provides axial pressure, so that the drill rod continues to drill into the formation; the hose of the air hose reel is lowered synchronously with the drill rod until the drill rod drills to the specified depth in the formation.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas analysis module in step 3 includes a total characteristic analysis instrument, a component analysis instrument, and a headspace pretreatment device; The total characteristic analysis instrument is used to rapidly screen the total sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon characteristics in gas samples; the component analysis instrument is used to detect the specific components and contents in gas samples; and the headspace pretreatment equipment is used to dry the samples.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 3, the total characteristic analyzer detects gas characteristics in real time. When the total characteristic analyzer detects suspected decay, it determines whether the decay originates from human or animal sources by separating and measuring the concentration of specific species.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 4, the display unit intelligently labels the gas distribution at different geodetic coordinates and different stratum depths, generating a visualized three-dimensional stratum gas concentration field model. Based on the visualized model, early warning information, and gas analysis data of the three-dimensional stratum gas concentration field analysis system, the operator determines whether there is any burial of personnel at the location and in the surrounding area, the possible location and depth of the burial personnel, and at the same time distinguishes whether the gas characteristics are human-origin characteristics.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a drilling-type gas extraction device based on the aforementioned drilling-type gas sampling method.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, the sampling unit includes a composite drill bit, a double-layer filter structure, a double chamber, an integrated airbag, and a combined casing; The composite drill bit is located at the bottom of the sampling unit. The composite drill bit has a gas sampling chamber inside, which has a primary filter element. A double-layer filter structure is set at the top of the composite drill bit, and the double-layer filter structure and the primary filter element form a double-layer filter structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the sampling unit also includes a dual-chamber unit and a composite airbag. The dual-chamber unit has a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is connected to the integrated airbag and an external gas sampling pipeline for temporary storage of the collected formation gas. The second chamber is used to house the integrated airbag and connect to the detection unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the composite airbag includes an inhalation conduit, an inflator conduit, a steel wire, and an airbag; one end of the inhalation conduit is connected to the first chamber, and the other end is connected to the airbag, for drawing formation gas into the airbag for storage; the inflator conduit is connected to the airbag and can inject gas into the airbag or expel the collected gas, thereby realizing the inflation and deflation control of the airbag.

[0019] Furthermore, a steel wire passes through the center of the airbag, and a first counterweight and a second counterweight are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the steel wire extending out of the airbag.

[0020] Furthermore, step 2 specifically includes: Step 2.1: The sampling unit performs gas sampling; Step 2.2: After gas collection is completed, the collected gas is transported to the gas analysis module.

[0021] Further, step 2.1 specifically includes: Step 2.1.1: The drive motor inflates the airbag; Step 2.1.2: After filtration by the double-layer filter structure, the gas is collected through the intake duct; Step 2.1.3: After gas sampling is completed, the airbag is deflated and the combined casing is retracted.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 2.1.1, the drive motor inflates the airbag through the air blowing duct, and the airbag gradually expands and unfolds until the airbag is fully inflated and fits against the surrounding stratum borehole wall.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 2.1.2, the target gas escaping from the formation enters the gas intake duct through the double-layer filtration structure of the gas extraction module under the action of the concentration difference, and is temporarily stored in the first chamber of the dual-chamber system through the gas intake duct.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2.1.3, after the first chamber temporarily stores a sufficient amount of formation gas, the gas intake duct stops collecting gas; the drive motor stops supplying gas, and the gas is released through the blowing duct. After the internal air pressure decreases, the airbag gradually tightens and contracts, returning to its initial state, and the gas is transported from the airbag in the second chamber to the detection unit.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves synchronization between drilling and gas extraction by selecting drilling points, drilling units drilling to a fixed depth, sampling units collecting gas while drilling, and analysis units detecting and displaying unit visualization. After the drilling unit reaches the specified depth, the sampling unit can simultaneously collect gas at a fixed point without additional operation, reducing auxiliary operation time. At the same time, it accurately matches the drilling depth to achieve fixed-point collection of gas from the specified formation, improving the matching degree between the sample and the detection point and depth, and improving the accuracy of rescue detection and decision-making efficiency.

[0026] 2. The angle adjustment unit adopts a hinged structure with connecting parts and double connecting cylinders. The coordinated extension and retraction of the two cylinders can accurately control the angle of the drilling unit, quickly complete the vertical leveling of the drill bit, drive the motor to directly drive the spiral drill rod and drill bit, and with the axial pressure of the pressurizing cylinder, the spiral drilling has high rock breaking and cuttings removal efficiency, improving the stability, depth accuracy and drilling operation efficiency of the drilling process.

[0027] 3. In this invention, the gas analysis module directly receives and instantly detects the gas samples transmitted by the sampling unit, meeting the core requirement of emergency rescue for detection efficiency; the detection data is transmitted to the display unit in real time and a three-dimensional visualization of the ground gas concentration field is generated, enabling rescuers to quickly and accurately locate suspected target areas, improving the efficiency and scientific nature of rescue decisions, and providing timely and reliable technical data support for precise rescue in emergency rescue scenarios such as collapses and burials.

[0028] 4. In this invention, the drive motor inflates the airbag through the air blowing duct until it adheres to the borehole wall, effectively isolating the formation from the surface gas and preventing sample contamination at the source. The double-layer filter structure filters impurities, ensuring gas purity. The gas is then temporarily stored in the first chamber through the suction duct, improving the stability of sample collection. After gas collection is completed, the drive motor stops, the airbag deflates and tightens, and the combined casing is retracted, protecting the gas collection components and preventing scratches and damage during retraction. The gas collection process relies on the synergy of airbag isolation, chamber storage, and filter filtration to improve the originality and purity of the gas sample, achieve controllability of the gas collection action, reduce sample transmission loss, provide a foundation for subsequent accurate gas analysis, and meet the efficient and accurate needs of emergency rescue drilling gas collection.

[0029] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Figure 1 is a flowchart of the formation gas sampling method; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a drilling sampling device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling unit. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated airbag.

[0031] Figure label: 1-Motion unit; 2-Drilling unit; 21-Drill frame; 22-Sliding seat; 23-Drive motor; 24-Auger drill rod; 25-Auger drill bit; 3-Angle adjustment unit; 31-Connector; 32-First articulated cylinder; 33-Second articulated cylinder; 4-Sampling unit; 41-Composite drill bit; 42-Double-layer filter structure; 43-Double chamber; 44-Integrated airbag; 441-Inhalation duct; 442-Blowing duct; 443-Steel wire; 444-Airbag; 445-First counterweight; 446-Second counterweight; 45-Combined casing; 5-Detection unit. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1 A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a formation gas sampling method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, based on Figure 2 The drilling-type gas extraction equipment shown includes the following steps: Step 1: Select drilling points and control drilling unit 2 to drill down to the specified depth in the formation; Step 2: The sampling unit 4 extends into the designated depth along with the drilling unit 2, and the sampling unit 4 is activated to collect formation gas; Step 3: The collected gas is transported to the detection unit 5, where the gas composition is analyzed. Step 4: The analysis results are displayed on the display unit, and the operator makes a decision. Repeat steps 1-4.

[0034] To address the technical problems in existing drilling rescue gas production methods that affect decision-making and rescue efficiency, and the low accuracy of matching gas production with drilling depth, this embodiment achieves synchronization between drilling and gas production by selecting drilling points, drilling unit 2 drilling at a fixed depth, sampling unit 4 collecting gas while drilling, and analysis unit 5 detecting and displaying the results. After drilling unit 2 reaches the designated depth, sampling unit 4 can simultaneously collect gas at a fixed point without additional operation, reducing auxiliary operation time. At the same time, it accurately matches the drilling depth, achieving fixed-point collection of gas from designated formations, improving the matching degree between samples and detection points and depths, and enhancing the accuracy of rescue detection and decision-making efficiency.

[0035] Step 1 specifically includes: Step 1.1: Select drilling locations based on on-site survey information; Multiple drilling and testing points were selected to determine the core drilling area and the auxiliary verification area; Based on on-site investigation information, the distribution of the collapsed area and the suspected location of buried persons, multiple drilling and testing points were selected within the safe operating range to determine the core drilling area and auxiliary verification area.

[0036] Drive motion unit 1 to clear the drilling area.

[0037] Step 1.2: Drilling unit 2 is lowered to the specified depth of the formation.

[0038] Specifically, it includes: Step 1.2.1: Adjust the angle adjustment unit 3 to keep the drill string vertically downward; Angle adjustment unit 3 connects motion unit 1 and drilling unit 2, and includes a connector 31, a first hinge cylinder 32, and a second hinge cylinder 33. Both ends of connector 31 are hinged to drilling unit 2 and motion unit 1, respectively; both ends of first hinge cylinder 32 are hinged to drilling unit 2 and connector 31, respectively; and both ends of second hinge cylinder 33 are hinged to connector 31 and motion unit 1, respectively. During drilling, the connector 31, first hinge cylinder 32, and second hinge cylinder 33 of angle adjustment unit 3 are adjusted to keep the drill bit vertically downward.

[0039] The angle adjustment unit 3 adopts a hinged structure with connector 31 and double connecting cylinders. The double cylinders can coordinate extension and retraction to accurately adjust the angle of drilling unit 2, quickly complete the vertical leveling of the drill bit, drive motor 23 to directly drive auger drill rod 24 and auger drill bit 25, and with the axial pressure of pressurized cylinder, the auger drilling has high rock breaking and cutting efficiency, improving the stability, depth accuracy and drilling operation efficiency of the drilling process.

[0040] Step 1.2.2: Drive motor 23 drives the drill bit to drill downwards to the target depth.

[0041] Drilling unit 2 includes a drill frame 21, a sliding seat 22, a drive motor 23, a auger drill rod 24, and an auger drill bit 25. The sliding seat 22 is mounted on the drill frame 21, and the drive motor 23 is mounted on the sliding seat 22, with its lower end connected to the auger drill bit 25, for driving the auger drill rod 24 to rotate. A gas hose reel is installed on the top of the drill frame 21 for retracting and extending the gas supply hose.

[0042] The drive motor 23 drives the auger drill rod 24 to rotate at high speed, and the pressurized hydraulic cylinder provides axial pressure, enabling the drill rod to continuously drill into the formation. At the same time, the hose of the air hose reel is lowered synchronously with the drill rod until the drill rod reaches the designated depth in the formation.

[0043] To address the issue of impurities in the gas affecting its purity, in this embodiment, the drill cuttings are transported upwards to the ground by the rotating helical blades of the auger drill rod 24, achieving media-free cuttings removal. This reduces the risks associated with mud drilling, which can severely affect gas return and block the gas extraction channel, as well as the risks of compressed air drilling, which can interfere with formation gas and cause gas sample distortion due to high-pressure airflow.

[0044] In step 2, the sampling unit 4 collects gas, and after the gas collection is completed, it is sent to the gas analysis module for analysis. Specifically, the sampling unit 4 is located at the lower end of the drilling unit 2 and is built into the drill bit. The sampling unit 4 includes a composite drill bit 41, a double-layer filter structure 42, a double chamber 43, an integrated airbag 44, and a combined casing 45.

[0045] The composite drill bit 41 is located at the bottom of the sampling unit 4 and adopts a conical tip design to directly participate in the formation breaking operation.

[0046] To improve gas purity, this embodiment employs a dual-layer filtration structure. The gas extraction chamber of the composite drill bit 41 is equipped with a permeable primary filter element. Exemplarily, this primary filter element is a die-cast steel ball filter element, allowing gas and water to pass through while effectively isolating solid impurities such as mud, preventing blockage of the gas extraction channel. A dual-layer filtration structure 42 is positioned above the composite drill bit 41, forming a dual-layer filtration structure with the die-cast steel ball filter element. This further filters drill cuttings, mud, and other impurities, preventing solid particles from entering the gas extraction channel and ensuring the purity of the collected gas and the unobstructed flow of the pipeline.

[0047] Furthermore, the dual-chamber 43 includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is a gas storage and transmission chamber, connecting the integrated airbag 44 to the external gas sampling pipeline, and is used to temporarily store the collected formation gas. The second chamber is the mounting chamber for the integrated airbag 44, providing a closed working environment for the integrated airbag 44, and also accommodating the airbag's counterweight and pipeline components.

[0048] The integrated airbag 44 includes an intake conduit 441, an inflator conduit 442, a steel wire 443, and an airbag 444. One end of the intake conduit 441 is connected to the first chamber, and the other end is connected to the airbag 444, used to draw formation gas into the airbag 444 for storage. The inflator conduit 442 is connected to the airbag 444, and can inject gas into the airbag 444 or expel the collected gas, realizing the inflation and deflation control of the airbag 444. The inflator conduit 442 includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe allows air to enter, inflating the airbag 444 to isolate formation gas from surface gas, preventing gas mixing from affecting detection accuracy. The outlet pipe takes in gas and connects to the detection unit 5, transporting the collected formation gas to the analysis unit for analysis. The airbag 444 is an elastic sealed chamber that completes the intake and expulsion of gas through expansion and contraction, realizing the temporary storage and transportation of formation gas. The drive motor 23 inflates the airbag 444. An integrated airbag 44 is installed inside the combined sleeve 45. The combined sleeve 45 reduces the impact of debris such as gravel and soil in the stratum on the airbag 444 body, reducing the risk of airbag 444 rupture, while ensuring the normal air intake and desorption of the air intake module.

[0049] Step 2 includes: Step 2.1: Sampling unit 4 performs gas sampling; Step 2.1.1: Drive motor 23 inflates airbag 444; After the composite drill bit 41 breaks the formation, the formation gas is collected.

[0050] To address the issue of surface air contaminating formation gases and affecting gas purity during drilling, which occurs when surface air mixes with formation gases through borehole gaps, this embodiment utilizes a flexible airbag 444. The drive motor 23 inflates the airbag 444 via an air inflator 442, causing it to gradually expand and unfold until it is fully inflated and adheres to the surrounding formation borehole walls. The expanded, airtight sphere inside the airbag 444 isolates the formation gases from the surface gases, improving the purity and accuracy of subsequent gas collection and detection.

[0051] To address the issue of the airbag 444 shifting or becoming entangled due to ground vibrations or slight drill rod swaying, thus affecting the airflow of the intake and exhaust conduits 441 and consequently impacting gas delivery efficiency, a steel wire 443 is incorporated into the integrated airbag 444, passing through its center. A first counterweight 445 and a second counterweight 446 are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the steel wire 443. During inflation and gas extraction, the counterweights maintain the airbag 444 in a vertical position.

[0052] Step 2.1.2: After filtration by the double-layer filter structure 42, the gas is collected by the intake duct 441; The airbag 444 inflates and completes the gas isolation. After the gas is filtered by the double-layer filter structure 42, the gas intake duct 441 is activated to collect gas. The target gas escaping from the formation enters the gas intake duct 441 through the double-layer filter structure 42 of the gas collection module under the action of the concentration difference, and then enters the first chamber of the dual chamber 43 for temporary storage.

[0053] To improve gas purity, this embodiment uses a dual-layer filter structure 42 for gas filtration before intake. The dual-layer filter structure 42 allows gas to pass through smoothly while effectively isolating solid impurities such as soil, silt, and fine rock fragments in the formation, preventing blockage of the gas extraction channel and ensuring the continuity of the gas extraction process.

[0054] During the collection process, the double-layer filter structure 42 became blocked due to the adhesion of silt and fine soil. The gas backflushing function was immediately activated, and high-pressure gas was introduced into the filter element through the air hose reel of the drilling unit 2. The impact force of the airflow was used to clean the blockage on the surface and inside of the filter element.

[0055] Step 2.1.3: After gas collection is completed, the airbag 444 is deflated and the combined casing 45 is retracted.

[0056] After the first chamber temporarily stores a sufficient amount of formation gas, gas extraction through the gas intake pipe 441 is stopped.

[0057] To address the issue of changes in sample composition caused by reactions between container materials and gases, both the combined sleeve 45 and the airbag 444 are made of polyurethane. This material is chemically stable and does not readily react with various gases in the formation, further ensuring the authenticity of the gas samples.

[0058] After a single gas extraction is completed, the drive motor 23 is controlled to stop the gas supply, and the air is released through the air blowing tube 442. The airbag 444 gradually tightens and contracts after the internal air pressure decreases, returning to its initial state, thus avoiding scratching or damage to the borehole wall during the retraction process.

[0059] The transmission components of the drilling unit 2 are controlled to retract the combined casing 45 upwards along the inside of the drill pipe, completing the gas extraction operation at that depth.

[0060] If deeper strata need to be tested at this location, the drilling depth can be extended by using a spiral extension rod. All the above actions of filling, sealing, extracting, releasing, and retracting the pipe can be repeated to achieve stratified gas extraction at different depths in the same borehole.

[0061] Step 2.2: After gas collection is completed, the collected gas is transported to the gas analysis module.

[0062] The intake conduit 441 transports the formation gas from the first chamber upwards, and then delivers it to the gas analysis module via the combined casing 45 inside the drill pipe.

[0063] In this embodiment, the drive motor 23 inflates the airbag 444 through the air blowing conduit 442 until it adheres to the borehole wall, effectively isolating the formation from the surface gas and preventing sample contamination at the source. The double-layer filter structure 42 filters impurities to ensure gas purity, and the gas flows into the first chamber for temporary storage through the suction conduit 441, improving the stability of sample collection. After gas collection is completed, the drive motor 23 stops, the airbag 444 deflates and tightens, and the combined sleeve 45 is retracted to protect the gas collection components and prevent scratches and damage during retraction. The gas collection process relies on the synergy of airbag 444 isolation, chamber temporary storage, and filter element filtration to improve the originality and purity of the gas sample, achieve controllability of the gas collection action, reduce sample transmission loss, provide a foundation for subsequent accurate gas analysis, and meet the efficient and accurate needs of emergency rescue drilling gas collection.

[0064] Step 3 specifically involves: If the collected gas sample contains water-bearing soil due to the geological environment, resulting in the sample carrying water vapor and mud, the sample should first be sent to the headspace pretreatment equipment for drying to remove the water and mud impurities. Then, the dried gas sample should be sent to various analytical instruments for testing to avoid water vapor and impurities affecting the accuracy of the instrument.

[0065] When a characteristic total analysis instrument detects suspected decay, the concentration of specific species is measured after separation to determine whether the decay originated from human or animal sources.

[0066] During the detection process, the total characteristic analyzer rapidly screens the total sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon characteristics in the gas sample, with a detection time of ≤10s, enabling real-time rapid screening and preliminary judgment of gas characteristics; the component analyzer uses gas chromatography technology, which is a precise screening and detection device with a detection time of ≤90s, accurately detecting the specific components and contents in the gas sample. In addition, the instrument has a built-in database of characteristic gas models of living humans and animals / cadavers, which can quickly match characteristic gases in the sample and distinguish between human and animal-derived gases.

[0067] Step 4 specifically involves: The detection data is transmitted to the display unit in real time to display the three-dimensional formation gas concentration field.

[0068] The display unit includes a depth sensor and an inertial navigation unit; the depth sensor is located at the end of the tracheal tube drum and can detect depth as the tracheal tube rotates, and receive detection data from the detection unit 5; the inertial navigation unit is used to display the geographical location of the drilling rig and the terrain distribution of the monitoring area, and transmits the data to the display platform.

[0069] The display unit intelligently labels the gas distribution at different geodetic coordinates and strata depths, generating a visualized three-dimensional strata gas concentration field model. Simultaneously, it provides real-time early warnings for detected gases resembling those of people, displaying the model and early warning information synchronously on the equipment control terminal and the display terminal of the rescue site command center, providing intuitive and accurate visualized data support for rescue decision-making.

[0070] Based on the visualization model, early warning information, and gas analysis data of the three-dimensional formation gas concentration field analysis system, combined with the geodetic coordinates of the drilling point, it is determined whether there are people buried at the point and in the surrounding area, the possible location and depth of the buried persons, and whether the gas characteristics are human-origin, excluding interference from animal-origin gases. If no effective human-origin gas is detected at the point, the equipment is moved to the next drilling point, and the above drilling, gas sampling, analysis, and judgment steps are repeated; if effective human-origin gas is detected, the core rescue area is immediately delineated, a targeted rescue plan is formulated, and subsequent rescue operations are carried out.

[0071] In this embodiment, the gas analysis module directly receives and instantly detects the gas sample transmitted by the sampling unit 4, meeting the core requirement of emergency rescue for detection efficiency. The detection data is transmitted to the display unit in real time and a three-dimensional visualization of the ground gas concentration field is generated, enabling rescuers to quickly and accurately locate suspected target areas, improving the efficiency and scientific nature of rescue decisions, and providing timely and reliable technical data support for precise rescue in emergency rescue scenarios such as collapses and burials.

[0072] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a drilling-type gas extraction device for use in the drilling-type gas extraction method of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes motion unit 1, drilling unit 2, angle adjustment unit 3 and sampling unit 4.

[0073] The motion unit 1 is used to carry and move the entire device. It adopts a tracked or wheeled chassis structure and can adapt to the movement and positioning needs of complex terrain.

[0074] Drilling unit 2 is located in front of moving unit 1 and is used to drill sampling holes into the formation. Drilling unit 2 includes a drill frame 21, a sliding seat 22, a drive motor 23, a auger drill rod 24, and an auger drill bit 25. The drill frame 21 is vertically mounted at the front end of moving unit 1. A sliding seat 22, which can slide up and down along the drill frame 21, is provided on the drill frame 21. The drive motor 23 is fixedly mounted on the sliding seat 22, and the lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor 23 is connected to the auger drill bit 25 to drive the auger drill rod 24 to rotate. A gas hose reel is installed on the top of the drill frame 21 for winding and unwinding the gas supply hose.

[0075] Angle adjustment unit 3 connects motion unit 1 and drilling unit 2, and is used to adjust the drilling angle of drilling unit 2. Angle adjustment unit 3 includes a connector 31, a first hinge cylinder 32, and a second hinge cylinder 33. The two ends of connector 31 are respectively hinged to the drill frame 21 of drilling unit 2 and the front end of motion unit 1. The two ends of the first hinge cylinder 32 are respectively hinged to the drill frame 21 of drilling unit 2 and the middle of connector 31. The two ends of the second hinge cylinder 33 are respectively hinged to the middle of connector 31 and the front end of motion unit 1. Through the coordinated extension and retraction of the first hinge cylinder 32 and the second hinge cylinder 33, the pitch angle of drilling unit 2 can be precisely controlled, allowing the drill bit to remain vertically downward or drill at a set angle.

[0076] Sampling unit 4 is located at the lower end of drilling unit 2 and is built into the drill bit for collecting formation gas while drilling. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the sampling unit 4 includes a composite drill bit 41, a double-layer filter structure 42, a double chamber 43, an integrated airbag 44, and a combined casing 45.

[0077] The composite drill bit 41 is located at the bottom of the sampling unit 4 and adopts a conical tip design to directly participate in the formation breaking operation. The composite drill bit 41 has a gas sampling chamber inside, and a primary filter element with good air permeability is installed in the gas sampling chamber. For example, the primary filter element is a steel ball die-cast filter element, which can allow gas and water to pass through and effectively isolate solid impurities such as soil.

[0078] A dual-layer filter structure 42 is positioned above the composite drill bit 41, forming a dual-layer filter structure with the primary filter element. This structure is used to further filter drill cuttings, mud, and other impurities, preventing solid particles from entering the gas extraction channel.

[0079] The dual-chamber system 43 includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is a gas storage and transmission chamber, connecting the integrated airbag 44 to the external gas sampling pipeline, and is used to temporarily store the collected formation gas. The second chamber is the mounting chamber for the integrated airbag 44, providing a closed working environment for the integrated airbag 44, and also accommodating the airbag's counterweight and piping components.

[0080] like Figure 4As shown, the integrated airbag 44 includes an intake conduit 441, an inflator conduit 442, a steel wire 443, and an airbag 444. One end of the intake conduit 441 is connected to the first chamber, and the other end is connected to the airbag 444, used to draw formation gas into the airbag 444 for storage. The inflator conduit 442 is connected to the airbag 444 and used to inject gas into the airbag 444 or expel the collected gas. The inflator conduit 442 includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is used to inflate the airbag 444 with air, and the outlet pipe is used to collect gas and connect to the detection unit 5. The steel wire 443 passes through the center of the airbag 444. The upper and lower ends of the steel wire 443 are respectively equipped with a first counterweight 445 and a second counterweight 446. During the inflation and gas collection process of the airbag 444, the weight of the counterweights keeps the airbag 444 in a vertical position. The airbag 444 is an elastic sealed cavity made of polyurethane material, which completes the intake and exhaust of gas through expansion and contraction.

[0081] The combined casing 45 is located inside the auger drill pipe 24, and the integrated airbag 44 is located inside the combined casing 45. The combined casing 45 is made of polyurethane material and is used to reduce the impact of gravel, soil and other impurities in the formation on the airbag 444 body.

[0082] Furthermore, it also includes a detection unit 5. Detection unit 5 is connected to the gas sampling tube of sampling unit 4 and is used for component analysis of the collected gas samples. Detection unit 5 includes a total characteristic analyzer, a component analyzer, and a headspace pretreatment device. The total characteristic analyzer is used for rapid screening of the total sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon characteristics in the gas sample, with a detection time ≤10s; the component analyzer uses gas chromatography technology for accurate detection of specific components and contents in the gas sample, with a detection time ≤90s, and the instrument has a built-in database of characteristic gas models of humans and animals (living / deceased); the headspace pretreatment device is used to dry the sample, removing moisture and mud impurities.

[0083] Furthermore, a display unit is also included. The display unit includes a depth sensor and an inertial navigation unit. The depth sensor is located at the end of the tracheal tube drum and can detect depth as the tracheal tube rotates, and receives detection data from the detection unit 5. The inertial navigation unit is used to display the drilling rig's geographical location and the terrain distribution of the monitoring area, and transmits the data to the display platform.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sampling formation gas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select drilling points and control the drilling unit to drill down to the specified depth in the formation; Step 2: The sampling unit extends into the designated depth along with the drilling unit, and the sampling unit is activated to collect formation gas; Step 3: The collected gas is transported to the detection unit, where its composition is analyzed. Step 4: The analysis results are displayed on the display unit, and the operator makes a decision; In step 2, the sampling unit is located at the lower end of the drilling unit and is built into the drill bit. The sampling unit includes a composite drill bit, a double-layer filter structure, a double chamber, an integrated airbag, and a combined casing. The double chamber includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is a gas storage and transmission chamber, connecting the integrated airbag to the external gas collection pipeline. The second chamber is the installation chamber for the integrated airbag. The integrated airbag includes an intake conduit, an inflator conduit, a steel wire, and the airbag. One end of the intake conduit is connected to the first chamber, and the other end is connected to the airbag. The inflator conduit is connected to the airbag and is used to inject gas into the airbag or expel the collected gas. The inflator conduit includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is used to inflate the airbag with air, and the outlet pipe is used to collect gas and connect to the detection unit.

2. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 specifically involves: Step 1.1: Select drilling locations based on on-site survey information; Step 1.2: Drill the drilling unit down to the specified depth in the formation.

3. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1.2 specifically includes: Step 1.2.1: Adjust the angle adjustment unit to keep the drill string vertically downward; Step 1.2.2: Drive the motor to drive the drill bit downward to the target depth.

4. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling unit in step 1 includes a drill frame, a sliding seat, a drive motor, a auger drill rod, and an auger drill bit; The drill frame is equipped with a sliding seat, and the drive motor is mounted on the sliding seat. The lower end of the drive motor is connected to the auger drill bit and is used to drive the auger drill rod to rotate. The air hose reel is installed on the top of the drill frame, and the drill frame is used to retract and extend the air supply hose.

5. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1.2.1, the angle adjustment unit includes a connector, a first hinge cylinder, and a second hinge cylinder; the two ends of the connector are respectively hinged to the drilling unit and the motion unit, the two ends of the first hinge cylinder are respectively hinged to the drilling unit and the connector, and the two ends of the second hinge cylinder are respectively hinged to the connector and the motion unit.

6. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 1.2.2, the drive motor drives the auger drill rod to rotate, and the pressurizing cylinder provides axial pressure, causing the drill rod to continuously drill into the formation; the hose of the air hose reel is lowered synchronously with the drill rod until the drill rod reaches the specified depth in the formation.

7. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the gas analysis module includes a total characteristic analysis instrument, a component analysis instrument, and a headspace pretreatment device; The total characteristic analysis instrument is used to rapidly screen the total characteristic values ​​of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon in gas samples; the component analysis instrument is used to detect the specific components and contents in gas samples; and the headspace pretreatment equipment is used to dry the samples.

8. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 3, the total characteristic analyzer detects gas characteristics in real time. When the total characteristic analyzer detects suspected decay, it determines whether the decay originates from human or animal sources by separating and measuring the concentration of specific species.

9. The formation gas sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the display unit marks the gas distribution at different geodetic coordinates and different stratum depths, generating a visualized three-dimensional stratum gas concentration field model. Based on the visualized model, early warning information, and gas analysis data of the three-dimensional stratum gas concentration field analysis system, the operator determines whether there is any burial of personnel at the location and in the surrounding area, the possible location and depth of the burial personnel, and at the same time distinguishes whether the gas characteristics are human-origin characteristics.

10. The formation gas sampling method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Gas sampling is performed using drilling-type gas extraction equipment.

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