A method and device for testing material adhesion characteristics in a vacuum electrified lunar dust environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vacuum charged lunar dust environment material adhesion characteristic test method and test device, it is related to the technical field of space environment ground simulation, by simulating lunar dust pretreatment, sample initial characterization, component installation, lunar dust ultraviolet irradiation in situ charging, charged lunar dust adhesion test and performance retest evaluation etc. Step, realize the quantitative evaluation of material performance degradation effect.Solve the single working condition simulation in lunar dust adhesion ground test, lack of mechanical extrusion and dynamic migration working condition simulation, and lunar dust charge loss and sample pollution caused by non-in situ operation etc. Problem, can simulate the dynamic migration of falling dust process under the condition of lunar surface mechanical extrusion contact and multi-field coupling in vacuum environment.The application realizes accurate force control loading by the controlled deformation of elastic loading rod, and simulates the actual vibration working condition of material on the moon by using vibration mechanism, which provides a scientific basis for the selection of lunar probe and lunar landing suit key materials and the evaluation of lunar dust adhesion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of space environment ground simulation and environmental effect testing, and in particular to a test method and test device for material adhesion characteristics in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment. Background Technology

[0002] The lunar surface is covered with a large number of fine, sharp-shaped, and highly charged lunar dust particles. In the vacuum, high-radiation, and strongly charged environment of the lunar surface, these dust particles easily adhere to the outer surfaces of lunar probes and lunar suits, severely impacting the light transmittance of optical components, the absorptivity and emissivity of thermal control materials, and the operational reliability of mechanical mechanisms. Currently, conducting environmental simulation experiments using simulated lunar dust in a ground-based laboratory environment is the primary technical means to evaluate the anti-dust adhesion performance of materials and screen for effective protective materials.

[0003] However, existing ground-based testing methods have significant limitations in simulating real-world conditions, making it difficult to comprehensively assess adhesion damage under different physical processes. Firstly, lunar exploration missions involve frequent mechanical force interactions, such as the impact of probe wheels, landing impacts from support legs, or astronauts stepping on them, all of which generate significant mechanical compression. Existing testing methods mostly focus on quantifying basic adhesion forces under static conditions, failing to effectively simulate lunar dust adhesion and intrusion processes driven by mechanical compression, and thus unable to accurately evaluate the physical damage to materials under active pressing. Secondly, under the complex multi-physics interaction on the lunar surface, lunar dust exhibits dynamic migration and sedimentation characteristics. This dynamic adhesion process induced by factors such as electric field force and microgravity is fundamentally different in its mechanical mechanism from the aforementioned mechanical compression process. Existing technologies lack specific simulations of dynamic migration scenarios, making it difficult to accurately and quantitatively assess the material performance degradation caused by lunar dust sedimentation and migration. Furthermore, existing testing devices generally lack integrated in-situ testing procedures, often separating lunar dust charging from physical contact testing. This operational procedure is highly susceptible to introducing atmospheric pollution during sample transfer and can alter the critical electrostatic charge state of lunar dust. As a result, the experimental results cannot accurately reflect the lunar surface conditions, and it is difficult to guarantee the scientific validity and repeatability of the experiment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device and method that can simultaneously conduct pressure contact tests and dust adhesion tests in an integrated and controlled environment. By distinguishing and evaluating the adhesion degradation effects under two different working conditions—mechanical compression and dynamic migration—it can provide a more realistic scientific basis for the design and selection of key materials in future lunar exploration missions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in current lunar dust adhesion tests, such as simplistic simulation of operating conditions, lack of simulation of mechanical compression and dynamic migration, and lunar dust charge loss and sample contamination due to non-in-situ operations, current technologies struggle to accurately simulate mechanical compression scenarios like lunar probe crushing or astronaut trampling in an integrated, controlled environment. Furthermore, they lack quantitative assessment of the dynamic migration process of lunar dust under the combined effects of multiple physics fields, resulting in test results that fail to accurately reflect the actual environmental effects on the lunar surface. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum-charged lunar dust environment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A test method for material adhesion characteristics in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment, comprising: a pressing contact test and a dust adhesion test;

[0008] The pressing contact test includes the following steps:

[0009] S1: Selection and pretreatment of simulated lunar dust: Simulated lunar dust matching the mineral composition of real lunar soil is selected, and particles with a diameter of less than 100 micrometers are screened out. After being vacuum baked to remove water, the particles are stored in a sealed container.

[0010] S2: Sample pretreatment and initial characterization: The test sample 48 was placed in the sample pretreatment chamber 47 for dehydration treatment, and then the sample mass, surface micromorphology, initial transmittance and thermal control parameters were obtained as reference values.

[0011] S3: Component installation and sample fixation: Install the press test component 3 in the vacuum test chamber 1, and install the test sample 48 on the press sample plate 10;

[0012] S4. Establishment of charged lunar dust environment: Lay simulated lunar dust in lunar dust pan 8 or storage box 27, pump the vacuum level in the chamber to the preset level, and use ultraviolet irradiation source 2 to irradiate and charge the lunar dust in situ until the charge reaches a stable state.

[0013] S5. Vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test: Conduct a pressing contact test to evaluate the lunar dust adhesion damage caused by mechanical extrusion;

[0014] S6. Performance retesting and evaluation: After the test, the test sample 48 was repressurized and taken out. The performance parameters in step S2 were retested. The degradation effect of charged moon dust on material performance was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test.

[0015] The dust adhesion test includes the following steps:

[0016] S7: Selection and pretreatment of simulated lunar dust: Select simulated lunar dust that matches the mineral composition of real lunar soil, screen out particles with a particle size of less than 100 micrometers, and store them in a sealed container after vacuum baking to remove water.

[0017] S8: Sample pretreatment and initial characterization: The test sample 48 is placed in the sample pretreatment chamber 47 for dehydration treatment, and then the baseline values ​​of sample mass, surface micromorphology, initial transmittance and thermal control parameters are obtained.

[0018] S9: Component installation and sample fixation: Install the dust test component 4 in the vacuum test chamber 1, and install the test sample 48 on the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46 respectively.

[0019] S10. Establishment of charged lunar dust environment: Lay simulated lunar dust in lunar dust pan 8 or storage box 27, pump the vacuum level in the chamber to the preset level, and use ultraviolet irradiation source 2 to irradiate and charge the lunar dust in situ until the charge reaches a stable state.

[0020] S11. Vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test: Conduct a lunar dust adhesion test to evaluate the damage caused by the dynamic migration of lunar dust under the synergistic effect of multiple physics fields;

[0021] S12. Performance retesting and evaluation: After the test, the test sample 48 is repressurized and taken out. The performance parameters in step S8 are retested. The degradation effect of charged moon dust on material performance is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test.

[0022] The above-mentioned test method for material adhesion characteristics in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment, wherein the specific procedure for the pressing contact test in step S5 is as follows:

[0023] M1. Adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to offset the force-controlled loading module 9 to ensure that the lunar dust disk 8 is fully exposed to the ultraviolet irradiation source 2 for irradiation charging until saturation.

[0024] M2, adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to move the force control loading module 9 to directly above the lunar dust disk 8 and drive it to load downwards. Through the controlled deformation of the elastic loading rod 11, the sample on the pressing sample plate 10 is pressed into contact with the charged simulated lunar dust and held for a set time.

[0025] M3 controls the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to detach the force-controlled loading module 9 from the simulated lunar dust and waits for the vacuum test chamber 1 to repressurize and sample.

[0026] The above-mentioned test method for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, wherein the specific procedure for the dust adhesion test in step S11 is as follows:

[0027] N1. Start the dust test component 4 and adjust the height so that the screen 32 is within the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation source 2. Spread the moon dust in the storage box 27 onto the screen 32 through the dust distribution component 17 and simultaneously turn on the ultraviolet irradiation charging.

[0028] N2. Start the dust collection mechanism 18 to sprinkle the charged lunar dust in the screen 32 onto the sample surface on the static support 19 and the vibrating support 20, and at the same time start the vibrating support 20 to simulate the actual vibration condition of the material on the lunar surface.

[0029] N3. After the dust amount meets the test requirements, shut down the dust and vibration-related mechanisms and wait for the vacuum test chamber 1 to be repressurized and sampled.

[0030] A test apparatus for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, applicable to the above-mentioned test method for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, comprising: a vacuum test chamber 1 for providing a controlled vacuum environment, an ultraviolet irradiation source 2 located at the top of the chamber for in-situ charging of simulated lunar dust, and test components slidably installed in the vacuum test chamber 1.

[0031] When the test requirement is a press-contact test, the test assembly is a press-contact test assembly 3 installed in the vacuum test chamber 1 to perform the press-contact test;

[0032] When the test requirement is a dust adhesion test, the test component is a dust adhesion test component 4 installed in the vacuum test chamber 1 to perform the dust adhesion test.

[0033] The aforementioned test device for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment includes a pressing test component 3 comprising: a multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 providing multi-degree-of-freedom displacement control, a pressing base 7 disposed in the vacuum test chamber 1 and on which a lunar dust disk 8 is placed, and a force-controlled loading module 9 installed at the end of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5.

[0034] The aforementioned test apparatus for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment includes a force-controlled loading module 9 comprising: a frame 13 as the main support structure; a pressing sample plate 10 disposed within the frame 13 for bearing the sample; a connecting plate 12 located at the center as a pressure access hub; elastic loading rods 11 symmetrically connecting the connecting plate 12 and the edge of the frame 13; and a pressure equalization contact plate 14 installed below the connecting plate 12 for uniformly transmitting mechanical force to the test area.

[0035] The aforementioned experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment includes an elastic loading rod 11 made of a flat rectangular cross-section unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. The width of the cross-section is much greater than the thickness, so that the rod has low bending stiffness in the loading direction and high bending stiffness in the horizontal lateral direction.

[0036] In the aforementioned test device for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, multiple elastic loading rods 11 are symmetrically distributed circumferentially, and their upper and lower ends are rigidly connected to the pressure equalization contact plate 14 and the frame 13, respectively, forming a double-end fixed guide loading structure.

[0037] In the aforementioned experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials under vacuum charged lunar dust conditions, the mechanical control principle of the force-controlled loading module 9 is as follows: by establishing contact force... Displacement of the pressure equalizing contact plate 14 under pressure Linear mapping relationship between To achieve precise control of extrusion pressure, including system stiffness The number of elastic loading rods 11, the elastic modulus of the material, and the geometric dimensions of the cross-section are determined.

[0038] The aforementioned test device for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, wherein the dust falling test component 4 includes: a lifting mechanism 16 disposed on the dust falling test component base 15 for adjusting the test height, a dust spreading component 17 and a dust falling mechanism 18 installed above the lifting mechanism for simulating uniform spreading and controlled falling of lunar dust, and a static support 19 and a vibration support 20 for respectively supporting the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46 and simulating different dynamic conditions.

[0039] The present invention, by employing the above-mentioned technology, has the following positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0040] (1) By integrating the pressing test component and the dust falling test component, the present invention can simultaneously simulate the dynamic migration and dust falling process under the mechanical squeezing contact and multi-field coupling on the lunar surface in one system, filling the gap in the existing test simulation of mechanical pressure conditions.

[0041] (2) All experimental steps of the present invention are completed in situ under the same vacuum environment, which effectively avoids atmospheric pollution and loss of static charge of lunar dust during sample transfer, and significantly improves the authenticity and repeatability of the test results.

[0042] (3) By comparing the mass, microstructure and optical and thermal performance parameters before and after the test, this invention can quantitatively evaluate the real-time degradation effect of charged lunar dust on material performance in multiple dimensions, providing a scientific basis for the screening of materials for lunar probes. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing test component of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the force-controlled loading module of a material adhesion characteristic testing device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dust settling test component of a vacuum charged lunar dust environment material adhesion characteristic test device according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of a material adhesion characteristic testing device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection component of a material adhesion characteristic testing device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection mechanism of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation component of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the static support structure of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration support of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the sample pretreatment chamber of a material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a test method for material adhesion characteristics in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to the present invention.

[0055] In the attached diagram: 1. Vacuum test chamber; 2. Ultraviolet irradiation source; 3. Pressing test assembly; 4. Dust settling test assembly; 5. Multi-dimensional moving mechanism; 6. Load mounting plane; 7. Pressing base; 8. Dust tray; 9. Force-controlled loading module; 10. Pressing sample plate; 11. Elastic loading rod; 12. Connecting plate; 13. Frame; 14. Pressure equalizing contact plate; 15. Dust settling test assembly base; 16. Lifting mechanism; 17. Dust cloth assembly; 18. Dust settling mechanism; 19. Static support; 20. Vibration support; 21. Lifting motor; 22. Commutator; 23. Lift one; 24. Lift two; 25. Lift three; 26. Lift 4; 27. Storage bin; 28. Dust-collecting moving motor; 29. ​​Dust-collecting vibrating motor; 30. Vibration assembly one; 31. Vibration assembly two; 32. Screen; 33. Dust-collecting motor; 34. Vibration assembly three; 35. Vibration assembly four; 36. Vibration assembly five; 37. Vibration assembly six; 38. Vibration drive wheel; 39. Striking shaft; 40. Spring; 41. Static support base; 42. Static sample plate; 43. Vibration support base; 44. Vibration simulation motor; 45. Ball screw; 46. Vibrating sample plate; 47. Sample pretreatment chamber; 48. Test sample; 49. Temperature control plate; 50. Temperature measuring resistor; 51. Dryer. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a method for testing the adhesion properties of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment is illustrated. This method includes the following sequential steps: First, simulated lunar dust is selected and pretreated. Simulated lunar dust with mineral components matching real lunar soil is selected, and particles with a diameter less than 100 micrometers are screened out. The screened simulated lunar dust is vacuum-baked to remove moisture and stored in a sealed container for later use. Next, sample pretreatment and initial characterization are performed. The test sample 48 is placed in the sample pretreatment chamber 47 for drying and dehydration. After treatment, the initial mass value, initial surface micromorphology, initial transmittance, initial absorptivity, and initial emissivity of the sample are obtained. Then, component installation and sample fixation are performed. In the vacuum test chamber 1, either the pressing test component 3 or the dust settling test component 4 is installed according to the test type. When conducting the pressing contact test, the sample is installed on the pressing sample plate 10. When conducting the dust settling adhesion test, the sample is installed on the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46, respectively. Then, a lunar dust charged environment is established. Simulated lunar dust is laid in the lunar dust pan 8 or storage box 27, and a condition better than [previous conditions] is established in the vacuum test chamber 1. In a vacuum environment, ultraviolet irradiation source 2 is activated to irradiate simulated lunar dust in situ, using the photoelectric effect to generate positive charges on the surface of the lunar dust particles until the charge amount stabilizes. Then, a vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test is performed. Depending on the test requirements, a pressing contact test is carried out to evaluate the lunar dust adhesion damage caused by mechanical extrusion, or a dust adhesion test is carried out to evaluate the damage caused by the dynamic migration of lunar dust under the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields. Finally, post-test processing and performance evaluation are carried out. The vacuum test chamber 1 is repressurized and the sample is taken out. The test methods of the initial characterization are repeated within a specified time to retest the performance. The degradation effect of charged lunar dust on material performance is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test.

[0058] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the specific process of the press-contact test is as follows: First, adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to offset the force-controlled loading module 9 to ensure that the lunar dust disk 8 is fully exposed to the ultraviolet irradiation source 2 for irradiation charging until saturation; then, adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to move the force-controlled loading module 9 directly above the lunar dust disk 8 and drive it to load downwards. Through the controlled deformation of the elastic loading rod 11, the sample on the press-sample plate 10 is pressed into contact with the charged simulated lunar dust and held for a set time; finally, control the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 to disengage the force-controlled loading module 9 from the simulated lunar dust and wait for the vacuum test chamber 1 to repress and sample.

[0059] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the specific process of the dust adhesion test is as follows: First, the dust test component 4 is activated and its height is adjusted so that the screen 32 is within the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation source 2. The lunar dust in the storage box 27 is spread onto the screen 32 through the dust distribution component 17, and ultraviolet irradiation charging is turned on simultaneously. Then, the dust distribution mechanism 18 is activated to sprinkle the charged lunar dust in the screen 32 onto the sample surface on the static support 19 and the vibration support 20. At the same time, the vibration support 20 is activated to simulate the actual vibration condition of the material on the lunar surface. Finally, after the amount of dust sprinkled meets the test requirements, the dust distribution and vibration-related mechanisms are turned off and the vacuum test chamber 1 is waited for re-pressure sampling.

[0060] A material adhesion characteristic testing device for a vacuum charged lunar dust environment for the above method, wherein the device includes: a vacuum test chamber 1 for providing a controlled vacuum environment, an ultraviolet irradiation source 2 located at the top of the chamber for in-situ charging of simulated lunar dust, a pressing test component 3 installed in the vacuum test chamber 1 for performing a pressing contact test, and a dust settling test component 4 installed in the vacuum test chamber 1 for performing a dust settling adhesion test.

[0061] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the pressing test assembly 3 includes: a multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 providing multi-degree-of-freedom displacement control, a pressing base 7 disposed within the vacuum test chamber 1 and on which a lunar dust disk 8 is placed, and a force-controlled loading module 9 installed at the end of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5; wherein, the force-controlled loading module 9 further includes a frame 13 serving as the main support structure, a pressing sample plate 10 disposed within the frame for carrying the sample, a connecting plate 12 located at the center as a pressure access hub, elastic loading rods 11 symmetrically connecting the connecting plate 12 and the edge of the frame, and a pressure equalization contact plate 14 installed below the connecting plate 12 for uniformly transmitting mechanical force to the test area.

[0062] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the elastic loading rod 11 has the following physical characteristics: it is made of a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material with a flat rectangular cross section, the width of which is much greater than the thickness so that the rod has low bending stiffness in the loading direction and high bending stiffness in the horizontal plane. Multiple elastic loading rods 11 are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction and their upper and lower ends are rigidly connected to the pressure equalization contact plate 14 and the frame 13 respectively, forming a double-end fixed guide loading structure.

[0063] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the mechanical control principle of the force-controlled loading module 9 is as follows: by establishing contact force... Displacement of the pressure equalizing contact plate 14 under pressure Linear mapping relationship between To achieve precise control of the extrusion pressure, including the system stiffness The number of elastic loading rods 11, the elastic modulus of the material, and the geometric dimensions of the cross-section are determined.

[0064] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the dust test assembly 4 includes: a lifting mechanism 16 disposed on the dust test assembly base 15 for adjusting the test height; a dust-spreading assembly 17 and a dust-falling mechanism 18 installed above the lifting mechanism for simulating uniform spreading and controlled scattering of lunar dust; and a static support 19 and a vibration support 20 for respectively supporting the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46 and simulating different dynamic conditions.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] In addition to the above, the present invention also has the following embodiments:

[0067] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. Simulated lunar dust selection and pretreatment: Simulated lunar dust matching the mineral composition of real lunar soil is selected, and particles with a diameter of less than 100 micrometers are screened out. After being vacuum baked to remove water, the particles are stored in a sealed container.

[0069] S2. Sample pretreatment and initial characterization: The test sample 48 was placed in the sample pretreatment chamber 47 for dehydration treatment, and then the sample mass, surface micromorphology, initial transmittance and thermal control parameters were obtained as reference values.

[0070] S3. Component installation and sample fixation: Install the pressing test component 3 or the dust falling test component 4 in the vacuum test chamber 1, and install the sample on the pressing sample plate 10, the static sample plate 42 or the vibrating sample plate 46 respectively according to the test conditions.

[0071] S4. Establishment of charged lunar dust environment: Lay simulated lunar dust in lunar dust pan 8 or storage box 27, pump the vacuum level in the chamber to the preset level, and use ultraviolet irradiation source 2 to irradiate and charge the lunar dust in situ until the charge reaches a stable state.

[0072] S5. Vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test: Optionally, a pressing contact test can be carried out to evaluate the lunar dust adhesion and damage caused by active pressing, or a dust adhesion test can be carried out to evaluate the performance degradation caused by dynamic migration under multi-field synergy.

[0073] S6. Performance Retesting and Evaluation: After the test, the sample is repressed and taken out. The S2 performance parameters are retested. The degradation effect of charged moon dust on material performance is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a test apparatus for performing the above-described method, comprising:

[0075] Vacuum test chamber 1 and ultraviolet irradiation source 2 are used to provide a vacuum environment and to perform in-situ irradiation charging of lunar dust, respectively.

[0076] The pressing test assembly 3 includes a multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5, a pressing base 7, and a force-controlled loading module 9. The force-controlled loading module 9 achieves precise pressure on the sample on the pressing sample plate 10 through the controlled deformation of the elastic loading rod 11.

[0077] The dust settling test component 4 includes a lifting mechanism 16, a dust collection component 17, a dust settling mechanism 18, and a static support 19 and a vibrating support 20 that respectively support the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46, used to simulate the uniform settling and dynamic migration process of lunar dust.

[0078] In a further embodiment of the present invention, firstly based on Figure 12 The procedure shown is used for the pretreatment of simulated lunar dust and samples. Researchers selected simulated lunar dust with mineral compositions matching real lunar soil, and screened for particles smaller than [a certain size]. The granules are vacuum-baked to remove moisture. For example... Figure 11 As shown, test sample 48 is placed on temperature control plate 49 inside sample pretreatment chamber 47. Temperature control plate 49 temperature is monitored in real time using temperature sensing resistor 50. Dryer 51 is used to preserve the pretreated test sample 48. After treatment, baseline data for key performance parameters of sample 48, such as initial mass, initial surface microstructure, initial transmittance, initial absorptivity, and initial emissivity, are measured. Figure 1 As shown, depending on the test type, either the pressure test assembly 3 or the dust test assembly 4 is installed in the vacuum test chamber 1.

[0079] In establishing a charged environment for lunar dust, to ensure that the charge on the simulated lunar dust surface reaches a preset stable state, a non-contact electrostatic potential monitoring component can be integrated into the vacuum test chamber 1, adjacent to the lunar dust disk 8 and the screen 32. This component uses the Kelvin probe principle to capture the electrostatic potential change curve of the lunar dust surface in real time while the ultraviolet irradiation source 2 is on. A potential threshold and the rate of change of potential over time are set as criteria for determining charge saturation.

[0080] For the pressure contact test, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, the pressure testing component 3 achieves precise positioning through the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5. The load mounting plane 6 at the end of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 is rigidly connected to the force-controlled loading module 9 through the connecting plate 12. A complete pressure transmission chain is constructed inside the force-controlled loading module 9. The frame 13 serves as the external support reference and is fixed to the central pressure-equalizing contact plate 14 through four circumferentially symmetrically distributed elastic loading rods 11. The two ends of each elastic loading rod 11 are firmly fixed to the side wings of the pressure-equalizing contact plate 14 and the inner wall of the frame 13 by high-strength bolts or adhesive bonding. The elastic loading rods 11 are made of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. Their flat rectangular cross-section design gives the rods low bending stiffness in the loading direction and high bending stiffness in the horizontal lateral direction, thus ensuring the vertical linear transmission of pressure. When the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 drives the force-controlled loading module 9 to move downwards... At that time, the force is transmitted to the pressure equalizing contact plate 14 through the connecting plate 12, and the elastic loading rod 11 deforms, so that the sample on the pressing sample plate 10 makes pressing contact with the charged lunar dust.

[0081] In the mechanical control logic of the force-controlled loading module 9, the core of achieving quantitative control of micro-compression pressure lies in establishing a quasi-static mechanical response model for the elastic loading rod 11. This invention utilizes the high elastic modulus and anisotropic characteristics of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to simplify each elastic loading rod 11 into a constrained beam model with fixed ends. Considering the width of the rod cross-section... Much greater than thickness Its quadratic moment of cross section in the vertical loading direction can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] When the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 drives the force control loading module 9 to move downwards... At that time, the equalizing contact plate 14 moves vertically relative to the frame 13, resulting in symmetrically distributed... The elastic loading rod 11 undergoes simultaneous bending deformation. According to the deflection curve equation in mechanics of materials, neglecting shear deformation, the equivalent bending stiffness of a single elastic loading rod 11 under the double-end fixed boundary condition is:

[0084]

[0085] in This represents the longitudinal elastic modulus of the carbon fiber composite material along the fiber direction. This is the effective free length of the member. Due to the circumferentially symmetrical structural design of the force-controlled loading module 9, the overall loading stiffness of the entire system is... That is, it is the linear superposition of the stiffness of all the deforming members, i.e.

[0086]

[0087] Based on the above derivation, this invention establishes contact force. Displacement of the pressure equalizing contact plate 14 under pressure Linear mapping formula between In actual operation, the controller accurately feeds back the vertical displacement of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5, and then determines the system stiffness based on the preset parameters. The current mechanical extrusion pressure is derived by reverse calculation. Due to the extremely high lateral bending stiffness of the elastic loading rod 11 in the horizontal plane, this design effectively suppresses lateral displacement or overturning torque that may occur during loading while ensuring the accuracy of vertical pressure control, thereby ensuring the uniformity of contact pressure between the pressing sample plate 10 and the charged simulated lunar dust.

[0088] For dust adhesion tests, such as Figure 4 As shown, the dust collection test assembly 4 consists of a dust collection base 15, a lifting mechanism 16, a dust collection assembly 17, a dust collection assembly 18, a static support 19, and a dynamic support 20. Figure 5 As shown, the lifting mechanism 16 is fixed to the base 15 of the dust collection test assembly and is driven by the lifting motor 21. Through the commutator 22, the power is synchronously distributed to the four elevators 23, 24, 25, and 26, which are arranged in a matrix. These four elevators support the dust collection assembly 17 and the dust collection mechanism 18 above them via a screw structure. Figure 6As shown, the storage bin 27 of the dust collection assembly 17 is located at the top of the structure, with its bottom opening facing the screen 32. Driven by the dust collection moving motor 28 and the dust collection vibration motor 29, the vibration assembly 30 and vibration assembly 31 achieve uniform movement and spreading of the dust from the storage bin to the screen. Figures 7-8 As shown, the output end of the dust collection motor 33 is mechanically coupled to the excitation drive wheel 38, which periodically actuates the striking shaft 39 during rotation. Under the restoring force of the spring 40, the striking shaft 39 impacts the support frame at the edge of the screen 32. This mechanical impact force is transmitted through the excitation components 34 to 37, causing the charged dust on the screen to overcome the adhesion force of the pores and fall evenly. Figure 10 As shown, the vibration support 20 drives the ball screw 45 to reciprocate through the vibration simulation motor 44. The slider of the ball screw is rigidly connected to the frame of the vibration sample plate 46, thereby converting the rotational power into controlled vibration of the sample plate in the horizontal or vertical direction, simulating the vibration environment of the lunar surface equipment in operation.

[0089] In the dust adhesion test, accurately controlling and quantitatively calculating the amount of dust on the sample surface, i.e., the monthly dust mass concentration per unit area, is a crucial prerequisite for assessing the degree of material performance degradation. This invention achieves controlled adjustment of the dust-spreading rate and density through precise regulation of the power parameters of the dust-spreading mechanism 18. The quantification of the dust-spreading process is mainly achieved by establishing a mapping relationship between the rotational speed of the dust-spreading motor 33 and the monthly dust falling rate. In actual operation, the dust-spreading motor 33 drives the excitation drive wheel 38 to rotate, and its angular velocity... The impact frequency of the striking shaft 39 on the screen 32 is directly determined. The mass of monthly dust falling through screen 32 per unit time, i.e., the dust settling rate. Limited by the particle size distribution of simulated lunar dust, the mesh size of the 32-mesh sieve, and the impact frequency. During the experimental preparation phase, pre-calibration is required under a specific vacuum level to obtain the dust settling rate function. To obtain a predetermined target dust density on the surfaces of the static sample plate 42 and the vibrating sample plate 46. (unit: The system needs to calculate the dust settling time according to the following formula. :

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, The effective dust-collecting area of ​​the sample. To consider the uniformity coefficient of lunar dust settling under vacuum conditions, the controller accumulates the running time after the dust settling motor 33 starts. This ensures that the amount of dust sprinkled meets the test requirements, and automatically shuts down the dust collection mechanism 18 and the related vibration simulation motor 44 after reaching the preset value.

[0092] After the experimental task was completed, the vacuum test chamber 1 underwent controlled re-pressure treatment and the sample was removed. The characterization tests of the initial stage were repeated within a specified time. By comparing the differences in mass, microstructure, and optical and thermal performance parameters before and after the experiment, the real-time degradation effect of charged lunar dust on material performance can be evaluated in a multi-dimensional and quantitative manner. All experimental steps of this invention were completed in situ under the same vacuum environment, effectively avoiding atmospheric pollution and loss of static charge from lunar dust caused by sample transfer, and providing a scientific basis for the screening of key materials for lunar exploration.

[0093] A material adhesion characteristic test device under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, wherein the vacuum test chamber 1 is provided with a guide rail for sliding installation of test components, the vacuum test chamber 1 is equipped with an ultraviolet irradiation source 2, and the test components are either a pressing test component 3 or a dust falling test component 4.

[0094] The pressing test assembly 3 includes: a pressing base 7, a multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5, a load mounting plane 6, a moon dust disk 8, and a force control loading module 9. The moon dust disk 8 is mounted on the top of the pressing base 7, the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 is mounted on the side of the pressing base 7, and the force control loading module 9 is mounted on the end of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism 5 through the load mounting plane 6.

[0095] The force-controlled loading module 9 includes: a pressing sample plate 10, an elastic loading rod 11, a connecting plate 12, a frame 13, and a pressure equalizing contact plate 14. The frame 13 is grid-shaped, and a pressing sample plate 10 is installed in each grid of the frame 13. The pressure equalizing contact plate 14 is cross-shaped, and each end of the front, back, left, and right of the pressure equalizing contact plate 14 is hinged to one end of an elastic loading rod 11. The other end of each elastic loading rod 11 is connected to the middle of an outer side of the frame 13.

[0096] The dust collection test assembly 4 includes: a dust collection test assembly base 15, a lifting mechanism 16, a dust collection assembly 17, a dust collection mechanism 18, a static support 19, and a vibration support 20. The static support 19 and the vibration support 20 are installed inside the dust collection test assembly base 15. The top support is installed above the dust collection test assembly base 15 via the lifting mechanism 16. The lifting mechanism 16 is used to realize the vertical displacement of the top support. The dust collection mechanism 18 is installed on the top support and is located above the static support 19 and the vibration support 20. The dust collection assembly 17 is slidably installed on the top support and is located above the dust collection mechanism 18. The dust collection assembly 17 realizes dust collection above the dust collection mechanism 18. The dust collection mechanism 18 shakes the dust on its surface onto the static support 19 and the vibration support 20 through vibration.

[0097] The lifting mechanism 16 includes: a lifting motor 21, a commutator 22, a first lifting platform 23, a second lifting platform 24, a third lifting platform 25, and a fourth lifting platform 26. The output end of the lifting motor 21 is connected to the input end of the commutator 22. The two output ends of the commutator 22 are respectively connected to the input ends of the first lifting platform 23 and the second lifting platform 24 via a transmission link three. The output end of the first lifting platform 23 is connected to the input end of the fourth lifting platform 26 via a transmission link one. The output end of the second lifting platform 24 is connected to the input end of the third lifting platform 25 via a transmission link two. The lifting motor 21 is used to realize the synchronous lifting of the first lifting platform 23, the second lifting platform 24, the third lifting platform 25, and the fourth lifting platform 26.

[0098] The dust collection mechanism 18 includes: a screen 32, a dust collection motor 33, a vibration assembly 34, a vibration assembly 45, a vibration assembly 56, and a vibration assembly 67. The vibration assembly 34 and the vibration assembly 45 are installed on one side of the screen 32, and the vibration assembly 56 and the vibration assembly 67 are installed on the other side of the screen 32. The vibration assembly 34 and the vibration assembly 45 are connected by a transmission link 4, and the vibration assembly 56 and the vibration assembly 67 are connected by a transmission link 5. One end of the transmission link 4 and one end of the transmission link 5 are connected by a transmission link 6. The output end of the dust collection motor 33 is connected to the other end of the transmission link 4. The dust collection motor 33 is used to drive the vibration assembly 34, the vibration assembly 45, the vibration assembly 56, and the vibration assembly 67 to work synchronously, thereby realizing the shaking of the screen 32.

[0099] Vibration assembly 34, vibration assembly 45, vibration assembly 56, and vibration assembly 67 have the same structure, all including: vibration drive wheel 38, striking shaft 39, and spring 40. Vibration drive wheel 38 is mounted on transmission link 4 or transmission link 5. Through transmission link 4 or transmission link 5, the striking shaft 39 is compressed until the transmission link 4 or transmission link 5 rotates to the limit position, releasing vibration drive wheel 38. Under the action of spring 40, the striking shaft 39 is pushed to strike screen 32, realizing the shaking off of lunar dust.

[0100] The static support 19 includes a static support base 41 and a static sample plate 42. The static support base 41 is installed inside the dust test component base 15, and multiple static sample plates 42 are installed on the static support base 41.

[0101] The vibration support 20 includes a vibration support base 43, a vibration simulation motor 44, a ball screw 45, and a vibration sample plate 46. The vibration support base 43 is installed inside the dust test component base 15. The vibration sample plate 46 is located above the vibration support base 43. The bottom of the vibration sample plate 46 and the top of the vibration support base 43 are connected by the ball screw 45. The vibration simulation motor 44 is used to drive the ball screw 45 to run, thereby realizing the vertical vibration of the vibration sample plate 46.

[0102] The sample pretreatment chamber 47 is used to pretreat the test sample 48. The temperature control plate 49 is installed in the sample pretreatment chamber 47. The temperature control plate 49 is equipped with a temperature measuring resistor 50, which is used to monitor the surface temperature of the temperature control plate 49 in real time. The temperature control plate 49 is used to dehydrate the test sample 48. Then, the desiccator 51 is used to preserve the treated test sample 48.

[0103] This invention discloses a test method and apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials under vacuum charged lunar dust conditions, belonging to the field of space environment ground simulation technology. The method achieves quantitative evaluation of material performance degradation effects through steps including simulated lunar dust pretreatment, initial sample characterization, component installation, in-situ charging of lunar dust under ultraviolet irradiation, charged lunar dust adhesion testing, and performance retesting and evaluation. The apparatus integrates an ultraviolet irradiation source 2, a pressing test component 3, and a dust settling test component 4, enabling simultaneous simulation of the dynamic migration and settling process of lunar surface mechanical compression contact and multi-field coupling in a vacuum environment. This invention achieves precise force-controlled loading through the controlled deformation of the elastic loading rod 11 and utilizes a vibration mechanism to simulate the actual vibration conditions of the material on the lunar surface. This invention provides a scientific basis for the screening of key materials for lunar probes and lunar suits and the evaluation of their anti-lunar dust adhesion performance.

[0104] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test method for the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment, characterized in that, include: Press-contact test and dust adhesion test; The pressing contact test includes the following steps: S1: Selection and pretreatment of simulated lunar dust: Simulated lunar dust matching the mineral composition of real lunar soil is selected, and particles with a diameter of less than 100 micrometers are screened out. After being vacuum baked to remove water, the particles are stored in a sealed container. S2: Sample pretreatment and initial characterization: The test sample (48) was placed in the sample pretreatment chamber (47) for dehydration treatment, and then the sample mass, surface micromorphology, initial transmittance and thermal control parameters were obtained as reference values. S3: Component installation and sample fixation: Install the press test component (3) in the vacuum test chamber (1) and install the test sample (48) on the press sample plate (10); S4. Establishment of charged environment for lunar dust: Lay simulated lunar dust in the lunar dust pan (8) or storage box (27), pump the vacuum level in the chamber to the preset level, and use the ultraviolet irradiation source (2) to irradiate and charge the lunar dust in situ until the charge reaches a stable state. S5. Vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test: Conduct a pressing contact test to evaluate the lunar dust adhesion damage caused by mechanical extrusion; S6. Performance retesting and evaluation: After the test, the test sample (48) is repressed and taken out. The performance parameters in step S2 are retested. The degradation effect of charged moon dust on material performance is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test. The dust adhesion test includes the following steps: S7: Selection and pretreatment of simulated lunar dust: Select simulated lunar dust that matches the mineral composition of real lunar soil, screen out particles with a particle size of less than 100 micrometers, and store them in a sealed container after vacuum baking to remove water. S8: Sample pretreatment and initial characterization: The test sample (48) was placed in the sample pretreatment chamber (47) for dehydration treatment, and then the sample mass, surface micromorphology, initial transmittance and thermal control parameters were obtained as reference values. S9: Component installation and sample fixation: Install the dust test component (4) in the vacuum test chamber (1), and install the test sample (48) on the static sample plate (42) and the vibrating sample plate (46) respectively; S10. Establishment of charged environment for lunar dust: Lay simulated lunar dust in the lunar dust pan (8) or storage box (27), pump the vacuum level in the chamber to the preset level, and use the ultraviolet irradiation source (2) to irradiate and charge the lunar dust in situ until the charge reaches a stable state. S11. Vacuum charged lunar dust adhesion test: Conduct a lunar dust adhesion test to evaluate the damage caused by the dynamic migration of lunar dust under the synergistic effect of multiple physics fields; S12, Performance retesting and evaluation: After the test, the test sample (48) is repressed and taken out. The performance parameters in step S8 are retested. The degradation effect of charged moon dust on material performance is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the data differences before and after the test. The specific procedure for the pressing contact test in step S5 is as follows: M1. Adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism (5) to offset the force-controlled loading module (9) to ensure that the lunar dust disk (8) is fully exposed to the ultraviolet irradiation source (2) for irradiation charging until saturation; M2, Adjust the multi-dimensional moving mechanism (5) to move the force control loading module (9) to directly above the lunar dust disk (8) and drive it to load downwards. Through the controlled deformation of the elastic loading rod (11), the sample on the pressing sample plate (10) is pressed into contact with the charged simulated lunar dust and held for a set time. M3, control the multi-dimensional moving mechanism (5) to make the force control loading module (9) detach from the simulated lunar dust and wait for the vacuum test chamber (1) to re-pressure and sample; The specific procedure for the dust adhesion test in step S11 is as follows: N1. Start the dust test component (4) and adjust the height so that the screen (32) is within the irradiation range of the ultraviolet irradiation source (2). Spread the moon dust in the storage box (27) onto the screen (32) through the dust distribution component (17) and simultaneously start the ultraviolet irradiation charging. N2. Start the dust collection mechanism (18) to sprinkle the charged lunar dust in the screen (32) onto the sample surface on the static support (19) and the vibrating support (20), and start the vibrating support (20) at the same time to simulate the actual vibration of the material on the lunar surface; N3. After the dust amount meets the test requirements, close the dust and vibration related mechanisms and wait for the vacuum test chamber (1) to repressurize and sample.

2. A testing apparatus for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment, applicable to the testing method for material adhesion characteristics under vacuum charged lunar dust environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: A vacuum test chamber (1) for providing a controlled vacuum environment, an ultraviolet irradiation source (2) located at the top of the chamber for in-situ charging of simulated lunar dust, and test components slidably installed inside the vacuum test chamber (1); When the test requirement is a press contact test, the test assembly is a press test assembly (3) installed in the vacuum test chamber (1) to perform the press contact test. When the test requirement is a dust adhesion test, the test component is a dust test component (4) installed in the vacuum test chamber (1) to perform the dust adhesion test.

3. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressing test assembly (3) includes: a multi-dimensional moving mechanism (5) that provides multi-degree-of-freedom displacement control, a pressing base (7) set in the vacuum test chamber (1) and on which a lunar dust disk (8) is placed, and a force control loading module (9) installed at the end of the multi-dimensional moving mechanism (5).

4. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The force-controlled loading module (9) includes: a frame (13) as the main support structure, a pressing sample plate (10) set in the frame (13) for carrying the sample, a connecting plate (12) located in the center as a pressure access hub, an elastic loading rod (11) symmetrically connecting the connecting plate (12) and the edge of the frame (13), and a pressure equalization contact plate (14) installed below the connecting plate (12) for uniformly transmitting mechanical force to the test area.

5. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic loading rod (11) is made of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material with a flat rectangular cross section. Its cross section width is much greater than its thickness so that the rod has low bending stiffness in the loading direction and high bending stiffness in the horizontal plane.

6. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple elastic loading rods (11) are symmetrically distributed along the circumference and their upper and lower ends are rigidly connected to the pressure equalization contact plate (14) and the frame (13) respectively, forming a double-end fixed guide loading structure.

7. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mechanical control principle of the force-controlled loading module (9) is as follows: by establishing contact force Displacement of the pressure equalizing contact plate (14) under pressure Linear mapping relationship between To achieve precise control of the extrusion pressure, including the system stiffness The number of elastic loading rods (11), the elastic modulus of the material, and the geometric dimensions are determined by the number of elastic loading rods (11).

8. The experimental apparatus for testing the adhesion characteristics of materials in a vacuum charged lunar dust environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dust test assembly (4) includes: a lifting mechanism (16) set on the base (15) of the dust test assembly for adjusting the test height; a dust-laying assembly (17) and a dust-falling mechanism (18) installed above the lifting mechanism for simulating uniform spreading and controlled scattering of lunar dust; and a static support (19) and a vibration support (20) for respectively supporting the static sample plate (42) and the vibrating sample plate (46) and simulating different dynamic conditions.

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